Mercurial > repo
changeset 2943:58c6bb1632c7
<elliott> fetch http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=2451
| author | HackBot |
|---|---|
| date | Sat, 25 May 2013 15:41:56 +0000 |
| parents | 2787cd9a732e |
| children | fab0440fba58 |
| files | index.html?p=2451 |
| diffstat | 1 files changed, 1331 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) [+] |
line wrap: on
line diff
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/index.html?p=2451 Sat May 25 15:41:56 2013 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,1331 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + +<head profile="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> + + <title>Language Log » Par none</title> + + <meta name="generator" content="WordPress abc" /> <!-- leave this for stats --> + + <style type="text/css" media="screen"> + @import url( http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/wp-content/themes/phoenixblue/style.css ); + </style> + + <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS 2.0" href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?feed=rss2" /> + <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml" title="RSS .92" href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?feed=rss" /> + <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom 0.3" href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?feed=atom" /> + <link rel="pingback" href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/xmlrpc.php" /> + + <link rel='archives' title='May 2013' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201305' /> + <link rel='archives' title='April 2013' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201304' /> + <link rel='archives' title='March 2013' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201303' /> + <link rel='archives' title='February 2013' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201302' /> + <link rel='archives' title='January 2013' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201301' /> + <link rel='archives' title='December 2012' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201212' /> + <link rel='archives' title='November 2012' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201211' /> + <link rel='archives' title='October 2012' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201210' /> + <link rel='archives' title='September 2012' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201209' /> + <link rel='archives' title='August 2012' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201208' /> + <link rel='archives' title='July 2012' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201207' /> + <link rel='archives' title='June 2012' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201206' /> + <link rel='archives' title='May 2012' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201205' /> + <link rel='archives' title='April 2012' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201204' /> + <link rel='archives' title='March 2012' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201203' /> + <link rel='archives' title='February 2012' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201202' /> + <link rel='archives' title='January 2012' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201201' /> + <link rel='archives' title='December 2011' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201112' /> + <link rel='archives' title='November 2011' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201111' /> + <link rel='archives' title='October 2011' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201110' /> + <link rel='archives' title='September 2011' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201109' /> + <link rel='archives' title='August 2011' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201108' /> + <link rel='archives' title='July 2011' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201107' /> + <link rel='archives' title='June 2011' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201106' /> + <link rel='archives' title='May 2011' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201105' /> + <link rel='archives' title='April 2011' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201104' /> + <link rel='archives' title='March 2011' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201103' /> + <link rel='archives' title='February 2011' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201102' /> + <link rel='archives' title='January 2011' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201101' /> + <link rel='archives' title='December 2010' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201012' /> + <link rel='archives' title='November 2010' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201011' /> + <link rel='archives' title='October 2010' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201010' /> + <link rel='archives' title='September 2010' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201009' /> + <link rel='archives' title='August 2010' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201008' /> + <link rel='archives' title='July 2010' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201007' /> + <link rel='archives' title='June 2010' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201006' /> + <link rel='archives' title='May 2010' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201005' /> + <link rel='archives' title='April 2010' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201004' /> + <link rel='archives' title='March 2010' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201003' /> + <link rel='archives' title='February 2010' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201002' /> + <link rel='archives' title='January 2010' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201001' /> + <link rel='archives' title='December 2009' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200912' /> + <link rel='archives' title='November 2009' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200911' /> + <link rel='archives' title='October 2009' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200910' /> + <link rel='archives' title='September 2009' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200909' /> + <link rel='archives' title='August 2009' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200908' /> + <link rel='archives' title='July 2009' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200907' /> + <link rel='archives' title='June 2009' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200906' /> + <link rel='archives' title='May 2009' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200905' /> + <link rel='archives' title='April 2009' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200904' /> + <link rel='archives' title='March 2009' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200903' /> + <link rel='archives' title='February 2009' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200902' /> + <link rel='archives' title='January 2009' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200901' /> + <link rel='archives' title='December 2008' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200812' /> + <link rel='archives' title='November 2008' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200811' /> + <link rel='archives' title='October 2008' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200810' /> + <link rel='archives' title='September 2008' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200809' /> + <link rel='archives' title='August 2008' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200808' /> + <link rel='archives' title='July 2008' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200807' /> + <link rel='archives' title='June 2008' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200806' /> + <link rel='archives' title='May 2008' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200805' /> + <link rel='archives' title='April 2008' href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200804' /> + + <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> +<link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml" /> +<script type="text/javascript" src="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/wp-content/plugins/audio-player/assets/audio-player.js?ver=20080822053945"></script> +<script type="text/javascript">AudioPlayer.setup("http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/wp-content/plugins/audio-player/assets/player.swf?ver=20080822053945", {width:"290",animation:"yes",encode:"yes",initialvolume:"60",remaining:"no",noinfo:"no",buffer:"5",checkpolicy:"no",rtl:"no",bg:"f8f8f8",text:"666666",leftbg:"eeeeee",lefticon:"666666",volslider:"666666",voltrack:"FFFFFF",rightbg:"cccccc",rightbghover:"999999",righticon:"666666",righticonhover:"ffffff",track:"FFFFFF",loader:"9FFFB8",border:"666666",tracker:"DDDDDD",skip:"666666",pagebg:"FFFFFF",transparentpagebg:"yes"});</script> + +<script type='text/javascript'>var zoomImagesBase = '/nll/wp-content/plugins/wp-fancyzoom/';</script> +<script src='/nll/wp-content/plugins/wp-fancyzoom/js-global/FancyZoom.js' type='text/javascript'></script> +<script src='/nll/wp-content/plugins/wp-fancyzoom/js-global/FancyZoomHTML.js' type='text/javascript'></script> +<script src='/nll/wp-content/plugins/wp-fancyzoom/adddomloadevent.js' type='text/javascript'></script> +<script type='text/javascript'>addDOMLoadEvent(setupZoom);</script> +</head> + +<body> + +<div id="wrapper"> + +<div class="pusher"></div> +<div id="header"> + <div class="nav_title"> + <h1><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll">Language Log</a></h1> + </div> + <div class="navigation"> + <ul id="miniflex"> + <li class="current_page_item"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll">Home</a></li> + <li class="page_item page-item-2"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?page_id=2" title="About">About</a></li> +<li class="page_item page-item-72"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?page_id=72" title="Comments policy">Comments policy</a></li> + + </ul> + </div> +</div> + +<div id="content"> + + <div class="post"> + + <h2 class="posttitle" id="post-2451"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=2451" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent link to Par none">Par none</a></h2> + + <p class="postmeta"> + July 16, 2010 @ 6:14 am +· Filed by <a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=2" title="Posts by Mark Liberman">Mark Liberman</a> under <a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=49" title="View all posts in Eggcorns" rel="category">Eggcorns</a> + </p> + + <div class="postentry"> +<!--<p align=center>« <a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=2450">There Is No Word in Japanese for "Compliance"</a> | <a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=2452">Sea turtles rescued from Gulf spill released</a> » </p>--> +<p align=center>« <a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=2450">previous post</a> | <a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=2452">next post</a> » </p> + <p>An <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggcorn">eggcorn</a> that <a href="http://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&client=pub-7843136786511658&cof=FORID%3A1%3BGL%3A1%3BL%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Feggcorns.lascribe.net%2Fwp-content%2Fthemes%2FEggcorns%2Feggcorn5.jpg%3BLH%3A96%3BLW%3A100%3BLBGC%3A73B59C%3BLP%3A1%3BBGC%3A%23fff7ff%3BT%3A%23330033%3BLC%3A%23000000%3BVLC%3A%23333344%3BGALT%3A%23493C8E%3BGFNT%3A%23333344%3BGIMP%3A%23333344%3BDIV%3A%23493C8E%3B&domains=eggcorns.lascribe.net&q=%22par+none%22&btnG=Search&sitesearch=eggcorns.lascribe.net">hasn't yet been catalogued</a>: "par none" for "bar none". I've mislaid the link where I first saw this, but there are plenty of examples on the web, from the realtor who advertises herself as providing "Service par none" to the hotel review titled "Excellence par none".</p> +<p><span id="more-2451"></span></p> +<p>The original expression "bar none" involves the use of <em>bar</em> as a sort of preposition-in-training, glossed by the OED as "Excluding from consideration, excepting, except, save, but for", with the earliest examples dating from the 18th century:</p> +<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000080;"><strong>1714</strong> MANDEVILLE <em>Fab. Bees</em> (1725) I. 306 Charity-boys..that swear and curse..and, bar the cloaths, are as much blackguard as ever Tower-hill..produc'd. <strong>1727</strong> SWIFT <em>To Sheridan</em> Wks. 1745 VIII. 348, I intended to be with you at Michaelmas, bar impossibilities.</span></p> +<p>The earliest citation for the specific collocation <em>bar none</em>, glossed as "with no exceptions", is from the late 19th century:</p> +<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000080;"><strong>1866</strong> M. E. BRADDON <em>Lady's Mile</em> (ed. 4) II. vii. 192 Your ‘Aspasia’ is the greatest picture that ever was painted — ‘bar none’, as Mr. Lobyer would say.</span></p> +<p>Today, the general "except" usage of <em>bar</em> is rare enough that a native speaker of English <a href="http://forum.wordreference.com/showthread.php?t=860497">wrote to the Word Reference Forum</a> asking for an explanation of "It's all over bar the shouting", but the idiom "bar none" <a href="http://news.google.com/news/search?aq=f&pz=1&cf=all&ned=us&hl=en&q=%22bar+none%22">remains fairly common</a>.</p> +<p>The re-interpretation of "bar none" as "par none" appears to arise from the sense of the noun <em>par</em> that the OED glosses as "equality of value or standing", used in expressions like "on a par with". The idea, I guess, is that "service par none" is "service that has no equal", "unmatched service".</p> +<p>This construal of "par none" would be syntactically idiosyncratic — which is probably why it isn't more common — but it gets some syntactic (though not semantic) support from the golfing idiom "par N", meaning that N is the expected stroke count for a hole.</p> +<p>By the way, in that 1866 citation for "bar none", the attribution to "Mr. Lobyer" is clearly meant as a clue that the expression, like Mr. Lobyer, is not quite the thing. The immediately following paragraph begins:</p> +<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #800000;">The little bit of slang escaped poor Flo's lips in the midst of her sentiment; but the painter was too deeply moved to be cognisant of the vile phrase which concluded his daughter's exordium. He took her up in his arms and kissed her tenderly.</span></p> +<p>Here's the passage introducing Mr. Lobyer:</p> +<p><iframe frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="border:0px" src="http://books.google.com/books?id=QLJEAAAAYAAJ&lpg=RA1-PA192&ots=Owjoo1YPec&dq=%22Mr.%20Lobyer%22&pg=RA1-PA192&output=embed" width=500 height=500></iframe></p> + <p class="postmeta"> + July 16, 2010 @ 6:14 am +· Filed by <a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=2" title="Posts by Mark Liberman">Mark Liberman</a> under <a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=49" title="View all posts in Eggcorns" rel="category">Eggcorns</a> + </p> + + <p class="postfeedback"> + <a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=2451" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent link to Par none" class="permalink">Permalink</a> + </p> + + </div> +<hr><br /> + + </div> + + +<!-- You can start editing here. --> + + + <h2 id="comments"> + 34 Comments <a href="#postcomment" title="Jump to the comments form">»</a> + </h2> + + <ol id="commentlist"> + + + <li class="alt" id="comment-75539"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle"><a href='http://howlandbolton.com' rel='external nofollow'>richard howland-bolton</a> said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75539" title="Permanent link to this comment">7:24 am</a> + </p> + + <p>Not at all relevant, but it's strange that they seem to have bound the two volumes together in decreasing order. Or maybe it's just another googlapse.</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="" id="comment-75540"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle"><a href='http://styronblog.com' rel='external nofollow'>Harry Styron</a> said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75540" title="Permanent link to this comment">7:36 am</a> + </p> + + <p>"Par none" seems to be a confused form of "non pareil," with a similar meaning.</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="alt" id="comment-75543"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle"><a href='http://www.Scherlis.com' rel='external nofollow'>Dan Scherlis</a> said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75543" title="Permanent link to this comment">7:52 am</a> + </p> + + <p>@rb-h (<i>googlapse</i>)</p> +<p>Googlephasia?</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="" id="comment-75545"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle"><a href='http://www.ccil.org/~cowan' rel='external nofollow'>John Cowan</a> said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75545" title="Permanent link to this comment">8:18 am</a> + </p> + + <p>Richard, it's like that old riddle: A two-volume work stands on a bookshelf. Each volume is two inches thick, including hard covers which are each 1/8 inch thick. A worm eats its way from the first page of the first volume to the last page of the second: how far does it travel?</p> +<p><i>Bar</i> as a preposition is probably older than the OED thinks. Though the unofficial anthem of Yorkshire dates only from the 19th century. its authors would scarcely have used the word in the refrain "On Ilkley Moor bar 't hat" unless it was a familiar one in the dialect.</p> +<p><font color="#FF0000">[(myl) I suspect that this is actually (details of spelling aside) "baht ' hat", with the preposition "baht" being a form of <i>but</i>, for which the OED has</p> +<blockquote><p>1. Outside of, without.<br /> + Only in OE. (see BOUT), exc. in mod.Sc. in such phrases as but the house: see BUT adv. 1e.</p> +<p> 2. Without, apart from, unprovided with, void of. (Used in Sc. since 14th c. but now obsolescent. The ME. was boute, BOUT, q.v.</p> +<p> 3. Leaving out, barring, with the exception of, except, save. Distinctly a preposition in OE. +</p></blockquote> +<p>If so, it's got no connection to <i>bar</i>.]</font></p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="alt" id="comment-75546"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Mark P said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75546" title="Permanent link to this comment">8:20 am</a> + </p> + + <p>It sounds like there might be some confusion with "par excellence." Could it be that there is more familiarity with the spoken expressions than the written expressions? It's easy to see how "bar" and "par" could be confused in spoken English.</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="" id="comment-75548"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">John McNair said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75548" title="Permanent link to this comment">8:40 am</a> + </p> + + <p>"Par none" could also be confused with, or some sort of "de-Frenchifying" of, nonpareil.</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="alt" id="comment-75555"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">D. Sky Onosson said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75555" title="Permanent link to this comment">9:27 am</a> + </p> + + <p>I would just like to say that I *really* like "preposition-in-training".</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="" id="comment-75558"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle"><a href='http://thelousylinguist.blogspot' rel='external nofollow'>Chris</a> said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75558" title="Permanent link to this comment">9:41 am</a> + </p> + + <p>I wondered about other variations of this, so I did a little googling and I discovered a real gem: <i>no holds parred</i>!!! There are very few examples, mostly coming from porn DVDs and B-action movies (can't get the HTML link to work in this comments box, but y'all can just search on "no holds parred").</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="alt" id="comment-75561"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Ellen K. said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75561" title="Permanent link to this comment">9:51 am</a> + </p> + + <p>@sarra: True, but the first person who responded, the one who answered the initial question <i>did</i> ask about the use of "bar" in the saying. (Actually, technically, the first poster there did ask for an explanation of the saying, but not due to confusion about the word "bar", which she herself notes means "except".)</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="" id="comment-75565"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle"><a href='http://ken.wiblog.com' rel='external nofollow'>Ken Brown</a> said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75565" title="Permanent link to this comment">10:12 am</a> + </p> + + <p>@John Cowan: "Bar as a preposition is probably older than the OED thinks. Though the unofficial anthem of Yorkshire dates only from the 19th century. its authors would scarcely have used the word in the refrain "On Ilkley Moor bar 't hat" unless it was a familiar one in the dialect."</p> +<p>Is that a subtle joke? The phrase is "baht 'at" = "without hat" (& not "except hat") The poor man has forgotten his hat in his haste to go a-courting Mary Jane, or perhaps he has daringly left it off to show off his latest hairstyle - he is not barred from wearing it.</p> +<p>I suspect that "baht" in goes back a long way, though I don't know for sure. (Is it in the OED? - I don't have a copy here - it isn't in the online copy of Wright's dialect dictionary that I can see, and most Google searches for it are hard to disentangle from the many references to Thai currency)</p> +<p><font color="#FF0000">[(myl) I believe that this is covered in the OED's entry for <i>but</i> — see my response to John Cowan <a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=2451#comment-75545" rel="nofollow">here</a>.]</font></p> +<p>Old or new, its hardly likely to have come from "bar" - even though Southerners (like me) might use the same or similar vowels for both words now (though we are only ever likely to use "baht" when putting on a stage Northern accent) that would have not been the case in the rhotic past, North or South. And I think the vowels are probably different in Yorkshire accents anyway.</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="alt" id="comment-75569"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">NW said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75569" title="Permanent link to this comment">10:57 am</a> + </p> + + <p>Yorkshire 'baht' is not in the OED, or I would have commented on this myself. I then merely presume it's be+out, with reduced b- as in 'but and ben' or 'abaft' and 'above'.</p> +<p><font color="#FF0000">[(myl) Though I know nothing about Yorkshire varieties of English, my money would be on <i>but</i>, as discussed <a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=2451#comment-75545" rel="nofollow">here</a> in my response to John Cowan.</p> +<p>It's true, I think, that OE <i>bútan</i> was derived from "by" + "out" (or rather from their West Germanic predecessors), but I also think that this was opaque long before the development of modern Yorkshire varieties of English.]</font></p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="" id="comment-75571"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle"><a href='http://www.hickoksports.com' rel='external nofollow'>Ralph Hickok</a> said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75571" title="Permanent link to this comment">11:10 am</a> + </p> + + <p>If a golfer bogeyed every hole, it would be "no holes parred."</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="alt" id="comment-75572"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">MJ said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75572" title="Permanent link to this comment">11:13 am</a> + </p> + + <p>@Chris</p> +<p>No holes parred. :)</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="" id="comment-75573"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">MJ said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75573" title="Permanent link to this comment">11:14 am</a> + </p> + + <p>Whoops, didn't see Ralph's post there . . .</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="alt" id="comment-75582"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Boris said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75582" title="Permanent link to this comment">1:17 pm</a> + </p> + + <p>Interesting. I'd think neither par nor bar are in everyday speech outside fixed expressions. I never knew what bar meant in bar none nor what par meant in on par with. Though barring is, of course, common, so if anything, I would reanalize the bar in bar none as a command "don't bar anything" based on the verb.</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="" id="comment-75584"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Terry Hunt said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75584" title="Permanent link to this comment">1:31 pm</a> + </p> + + <p>In the UK, at least, decreasing familiarity with this meaning of 'bar' may be related to the decreasing relative popularity of horse-racing. In pre-race TV commentary, it is (or at least was) usual to repeatedly list the (rapidly changing) current betting in the form of, say, "2-to-1 Best Boy, 4-to-1 Lighting, 7-to-1 Archie's Folly, 20-to-1 bar 3," where "bar 3″ meant, "all the other horses in the race except the three already mentioned."</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="alt" id="comment-75590"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Sili said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75590" title="Permanent link to this comment">1:57 pm</a> + </p> + + <p>Shakespeare walks into a pub.<br /> +The publican says: We can't serve you here.<br /> +S: Whyever not?<br /> +P: You're bar'd.</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="" id="comment-75596"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Aaron Davies said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75596" title="Permanent link to this comment">2:42 pm</a> + </p> + + <p>I once read a novel called <i>Touch Not the Cat</i>; the title came from a Scots family's motto "Touch not the cat bot the glove." with "bot" being glossed as archaic English (I would now assume actually Scots, in this context) for "without". Presumably this is the same word as Yorkshire "baht".</p> +<p><font color="#FF0000">[(myl) Indeed. See <a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=2451#comment-75545" rel="nofollow">here</a>.]</font></p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="alt" id="comment-75602"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Xmun said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75602" title="Permanent link to this comment">4:52 pm</a> + </p> + + <p>I find it hard to accept that "bar" and "except" (and "save" too for that matter) are really prepositions. They are verbs in the imperative mood. Or they were once, and have since been reanalysed as prepositions.</p> +<p><font color="#FF0000">[(myl) Most prepositions were originally nouns or verbs or compound sequences of some sort. Look up the etymology of <i>because</i> or <i>across</i>, or see e.g. Matti Rissanen, "<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=R167vjZ0jT8C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA191#v=onepage&q&f=false" rel="nofollow">Despite or notwithstanding? The development of concessive prepositions in English</a>".]</font></p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="" id="comment-75607"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle"><a href='http://www.cobylubliner.com' rel='external nofollow'>Coby Lubliner</a> said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75607" title="Permanent link to this comment">6:24 pm</a> + </p> + + <p>But isn't "barring" still commonly used as a preposition meaning "except"? At least Merriam-Webster Online doesn't call it archaic.</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="alt" id="comment-75613"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">mollymooly said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75613" title="Permanent link to this comment">8:16 pm</a> + </p> + + <p>"Bar none" is a cousin of "all bar n", for some n > 0. Query "bar_PRP _CRD" on BNC gives 6 matches, with n = 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 5. The "All Bar One" chain of pubs is an irritating demi-pun on this. </p> +<p>@Terry Hunt: on Irish TV I recall it as "20-to-one bar", rather than "20-to-one bar 3″; that way the announcer didn't have to keep count of how many prices had already been listed.</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="" id="comment-75614"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle"><a href='http://ken.wibsite.com' rel='external nofollow'>Ken Brown</a> said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 16, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75614" title="Permanent link to this comment">8:25 pm</a> + </p> + + <p>"bar" in racing odds is current English for me but I don't think I ever associated it with the other uses of the word. It sounds plausible though. </p> +<p>"bar none" and so on presumably relates to a bar as an obstacle or gate or barrier. In place names in England what we would now call a gate of a city is often called "bar" - as in Temple Bar in London. A placename "gate" is more usually a street leading to the way out of the city - especially in the north but also in London as in "Bishopsgate"</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="alt" id="comment-75630"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Ben said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 17, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75630" title="Permanent link to this comment">12:51 am</a> + </p> + + <p>@Ken Brown: There is also the idiom "behind bars" (incarcerated).</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="" id="comment-75640"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle"><a href='http://quillianonline.com' rel='external nofollow'>Joyce Melton</a> said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 17, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75640" title="Permanent link to this comment">3:54 am</a> + </p> + + <p>Mary Stewart was the author of that "Touch Not the Cat" book. The cat in the story was the English/Scottish wildcat, supposedly untamable hence the family motto.</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="alt" id="comment-75646"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Max said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 17, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75646" title="Permanent link to this comment">5:45 am</a> + </p> + + <p>Apparently, Bar One at one time used the slogan "Bar One's the Best Bar, Bar None"</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="" id="comment-75656"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Chris Vosburg said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 17, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75656" title="Permanent link to this comment">9:23 am</a> + </p> + + <p>A new landlord left a note that made me smile, and now, thanks to you, I have a name for it.</p> +<p>"A rent deposit box has been provided for your connivance."</p> +<p>That's an eggcorn, right?</p> +<p><font color="#FF0000">[(myl) Actually, that one is a classic malapropism, where the substituted word or phrase is vaguely similar in sound, but doesn't make sense (other than perhaps as a joke). Original examples from the character Mrs. Malaprop in Sheridan's play The Rivals include "pineapple" for "pinnacle" and "allegory" for "alligator".]</font></p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="alt" id="comment-75668"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Jerry Friedman said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 17, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75668" title="Permanent link to this comment">11:51 am</a> + </p> + + <p>@myl: Thanks for this fine eggcorn.</p> +<p>For anyone who's wondering, the "vile phrase" is <i>jolly</i>, and the narration's harsh characterization of it may be irony, since Flo reason for thinking it "horrid" and "horrible" is that the vulgar Mr. Lobyer uses it.</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="" id="comment-75687"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Rodger C said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 17, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75687" title="Permanent link to this comment">1:55 pm</a> + </p> + + <p>In his handy Penguin Historical Atlases from the 1960s and 70s, Colin McEvedy constantly used "bar" to mean "except." I understood it but found it odd and distracting.</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="alt" id="comment-75700"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Chris Vosburg said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 17, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75700" title="Permanent link to this comment">4:56 pm</a> + </p> + + <p>myl writes: <i>Actually, that one is a classic malapropism, where the substituted word or phrase is vaguely similar in sound, but doesn't make sense (other than perhaps as a joke). </i></p> +<p>Thanks for that, but with all due respect, the relationship between my landlord and me is <i>all</i> about connivance. The check is in the mail, honest!</p> +<p>Also, this begs the question: how does the word "eggcorn" make sense as a substitute for "acorn?"</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="" id="comment-75704"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Ben said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 17, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75704" title="Permanent link to this comment">5:50 pm</a> + </p> + + <p>@Chris Vosburg, from the <a href="http://eggcorns.lascribe.net/" rel="nofollow">Eggcorn Database</a> entry for the word <a href="http://eggcorns.lascribe.net/english/2/eggcorn/" rel="nofollow">eggcorn</a> itself:</p> +<blockquote><p>WORD HISTORY: A thoughtful glance at the word acorn might produce the surmise that it is made up of oak and corn, especially if we think of corn in its sense of “a kernel or seed of a plant,” as in peppercorn. The fact that others thought the word was so constituted partly accounts for the present form acorn. Here we see the workings of the process of linguistic change known as folk etymology, an alteration in form of a word or phrase so that it resembles a more familiar term mistakenly regarded as analogous. Acorn actually goes back to Old English æcern, “acorn,” which in turn goes back to the Indo-European root *g–, meaning “fruit, berry.”</p></blockquote> + + </li> + + + + <li class="alt" id="comment-75705"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Ben said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 17, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75705" title="Permanent link to this comment">5:52 pm</a> + </p> + + <p>Sorry, I clicked submit before finishing explaining the train of logic. The final point being that the etymology of the term "acorn" itself resembles the idea behind "egg corn".</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="" id="comment-75706"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Ben said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 17, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75706" title="Permanent link to this comment">5:55 pm</a> + </p> + + <p>Also acorns roughly resemble eggs in shape and size.</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="alt" id="comment-75795"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Chris Vosburg said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 18, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-75795" title="Permanent link to this comment">12:30 pm</a> + </p> + + <p>Thanks, Ben, I think I now see the difference between Mrs. Malaprop's dyslexia and the typical eggcorn. It seems a bit of a stretch to descibe an acorn as egg-shaped, but actually I'm sure this is true for many other eggcorns– witness the rationale for "easedrop"– typically, referring to the "ease" with which one "drops" in on a conversation. First time I heard this one, I clenched my teeth, but remembered my Daddy's advice: "Always lead your target, son," and clocked him proper with a deftly thrown Merriam-Webster 10th just as he got to the door.</p> +<p>But this of course set me to wondering if there shouldn't be a separate category established for our modern computer-enhanced lifestyle in which helpful spellcheck software substitutes a best guess for a misspelled word– as I presume to be the case in my landlord's note mentioned above– with comical result. Don't be such a clown, Clippy!</p> + + </li> + + + + <li class="" id="comment-76181"> + + <h3 class="commenttitle">Colin John said,</h3> + + <p class="commentmeta"> + July 20, 2010 + @ <a href="#comment-76181" title="Permanent link to this comment">8:28 am</a> + </p> + + <p>I lay claim to 'Touch not the Cat'. It is the motto of Clan McGillivray, which I am descended from on my mother's side. Interestingly McGillivray forms part of the larger Clan Chattan - but I don't think that's a cat reference.</p> + + </li> + + + + </ol> + + <p class="small"> + <a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?feed=rss2&p=2451'><abbr title="Really Simple Syndication">RSS</abbr> feed for comments on this post</a> · <a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/wp-trackback.php?p=2451" rel="trackback">TrackBack <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr></a> + </p> + + + + <h2 id="postcomment">Leave a Comment</h2> + + + <form action="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform"> + + + <p> + <input type="text" name="author" id="author" value="" size="30" tabindex="1" /> + <label for="author">Name (required)</label> + </p> + + <p> + <input type="text" name="email" id="email" value="" size="30" tabindex="2" /> + <label for="email">E-mail (required, never displayed)</label> + </p> + + <p> + <input type="text" name="url" id="url" value="" size="30" tabindex="3" /> + <label for="url"><abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr></label> + </p> + + + <p> + <textarea name="comment" id="comment" cols="70" rows="10" tabindex="4"></textarea> + </p> + + <p> + <input name="submit" type="submit" id="submit" tabindex="5" value="Submit Comment" /> + <input type="hidden" name="comment_post_ID" value="2451" /> + </p> + + <script src="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?live-comment-preview.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div id="commentPreview"></div> + </form> + + + + +</div> + +<div id="sidebar"> + +<script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript"><!-- +function HideContent(d) { +document.getElementById(d).style.display = "none"; +} +function ShowContent(d) { +document.getElementById(d).style.display = "block"; +} +function ReverseDisplay(d) { +if(document.getElementById(d).style.display == "none") { document.getElementById(d).style.display = "block"; } +else { document.getElementById(d).style.display = "none"; } +} +//--></script> + + +<ul> + +<li> +<h2><a href="http://twitter.com/languagelog">Follow us on Twitter</a></h2> +<h2><a href="http://www.facebook.com/languagelog">Follow us on Facebook</a></h2> +</li> +<br> + <li> + <!--<h2>Search</h2>--> + <form method="get" action="/nll/index.php"> +<p> +<input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s" /> +<input type="submit" value="Search" /> +</p> +</form> </li> + +<h2>Archives <a href="javascript:ReverseDisplay('archives')">[+/–]</a></h2> +<li> +<div id="archives" style="display:none;"> +<ul> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201305' title='May 2013'>May 2013</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201304' title='April 2013'>April 2013</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201303' title='March 2013'>March 2013</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201302' title='February 2013'>February 2013</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201301' title='January 2013'>January 2013</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201212' title='December 2012'>December 2012</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201211' title='November 2012'>November 2012</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201210' title='October 2012'>October 2012</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201209' title='September 2012'>September 2012</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201208' title='August 2012'>August 2012</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201207' title='July 2012'>July 2012</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201206' title='June 2012'>June 2012</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201205' title='May 2012'>May 2012</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201204' title='April 2012'>April 2012</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201203' title='March 2012'>March 2012</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201202' title='February 2012'>February 2012</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201201' title='January 2012'>January 2012</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201112' title='December 2011'>December 2011</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201111' title='November 2011'>November 2011</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201110' title='October 2011'>October 2011</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201109' title='September 2011'>September 2011</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201108' title='August 2011'>August 2011</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201107' title='July 2011'>July 2011</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201106' title='June 2011'>June 2011</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201105' title='May 2011'>May 2011</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201104' title='April 2011'>April 2011</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201103' title='March 2011'>March 2011</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201102' title='February 2011'>February 2011</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201101' title='January 2011'>January 2011</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201012' title='December 2010'>December 2010</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201011' title='November 2010'>November 2010</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201010' title='October 2010'>October 2010</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201009' title='September 2010'>September 2010</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201008' title='August 2010'>August 2010</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201007' title='July 2010'>July 2010</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201006' title='June 2010'>June 2010</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201005' title='May 2010'>May 2010</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201004' title='April 2010'>April 2010</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201003' title='March 2010'>March 2010</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201002' title='February 2010'>February 2010</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=201001' title='January 2010'>January 2010</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200912' title='December 2009'>December 2009</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200911' title='November 2009'>November 2009</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200910' title='October 2009'>October 2009</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200909' title='September 2009'>September 2009</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200908' title='August 2009'>August 2009</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200907' title='July 2009'>July 2009</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200906' title='June 2009'>June 2009</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200905' title='May 2009'>May 2009</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200904' title='April 2009'>April 2009</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200903' title='March 2009'>March 2009</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200902' title='February 2009'>February 2009</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200901' title='January 2009'>January 2009</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200812' title='December 2008'>December 2008</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200811' title='November 2008'>November 2008</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200810' title='October 2008'>October 2008</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200809' title='September 2008'>September 2008</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200808' title='August 2008'>August 2008</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200807' title='July 2008'>July 2008</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200806' title='June 2008'>June 2008</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200805' title='May 2008'>May 2008</a></li> + <li><a href='http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?m=200804' title='April 2008'>April 2008</a></li> +</ul> +</div> +</li> +<br> + + <li> [Posts before 4/8/2008 are <a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog">here</a>]<br/> +[Search old posts +<a href="http://www.google.com/coop/cse?cx=001269089414569134552%3Aqvjtfauf7ou"> +here</a>]<br/><br/> + </li> + +<h2>List of authors:</h2> +<li> +<ul> +<li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=5" title="Posts by Arnold Zwicky">Arnold Zwicky</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=14" title="Posts by Barbara Partee">Barbara Partee</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=8" title="Posts by Ben Zimmer">Ben Zimmer</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=7" title="Posts by Bill Poser">Bill Poser</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=18" title="Posts by Chris Potts">Chris Potts</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=16" title="Posts by David Beaver">David Beaver</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=4" title="Posts by Eric Baković">Eric Baković</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=11" title="Posts by Geoff Nunberg">Geoff Nunberg</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=3" title="Posts by Geoffrey K. Pullum">Geoffrey K. Pullum</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=6" title="Posts by Heidi Harley">Heidi Harley</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=12" title="Posts by John McWhorter">John McWhorter</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=24" title="Posts by Julie Sedivy">Julie Sedivy</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=22" title="Posts by Kai von Fintel">Kai von Fintel</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=2" title="Posts by Mark Liberman">Mark Liberman</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=9" title="Posts by Melvyn Quince">Melvyn Quince</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=20" title="Posts by Paul Kay">Paul Kay</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=21" title="Posts by Philip Resnik">Philip Resnik</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=10" title="Posts by Roger Shuy">Roger Shuy</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=15" title="Posts by Sally Thomason">Sally Thomason</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=17" title="Posts by Steven Bird">Steven Bird</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=23" title="Posts by Suzanne Kemmer">Suzanne Kemmer</a></li><li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=13" title="Posts by Victor Mair">Victor Mair</a></li></ul> +</li> + +<h2>Other authors <a href="javascript:ReverseDisplay('others')">[+/–]</a></h2> +<li> +<div id="others" style="display:none;"> +<ul> +<li><a href="http://web.mit.edu/albright/www/">Adam Albright</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/">Dan Jurafsky</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.psych.upenn.edu/~gleitman/">Lila Gleitman</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.u.arizona.edu/~nmd/">Norma Mendoza-Denton</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/users/resnik/">Philip Resnik</a></li> +</ul> +</div> +</li> +<br> + +<h2>Blogroll <a href="javascript:ReverseDisplay('blogroll')">[+/–]</a></h2> +<li> +<div id="blogroll" style="display:none;"> +<ul> +<li><a href="http://linglaw.blogspot.com/">A Linguist Goes to Law School</a></li> +<li><a href="http://q-pheevr.livejournal.com/" title="the pultaceous wisdom of a word weevil">A Roguish Chrestomathy</a></li> +<li><a href="http://walkinthewords.blogspot.com/" title="A linguistic tour for people who love having fun with words and language. ">A Walk in the WoRds</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.waywordradio.org/" title="Public radio’s lively language show, with Martha Barnette and Grant Barrett">A Way With Words</a></li> +<li><a href="http://abecedaria.blogspot.com/" title="A blog about keyboarding in diverse scripts, literacy and digital literacy, and random quotes selected from the history of writing system theory.">Abecedaria</a></li> +<li><a href="http://alex-ateachersthoughts.blogspot.com/">Alex’s phonetic thoughts</a></li> +<li><a href="http://anggarrgoon.org/" title="Bardi on the Web">Anggarrgoon</a></li> +<li><a href="http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/archival_sounds/">Archival Sounds (British Library)</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.arrantpedantry.com/">Arrant Pedantry</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.babelsdawn.com/">Babel’s Dawn (Edmund Blair Bolles)</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.bad-language.com/" title="Dr.Karen Stollznow…Linguist, Writer and Paranormal Investigator (of the skeptical kind)">Bad Language</a></li> +<li><a href="http://badlinguistics.posterous.com/" title="If you are going to broadcast your views about language, you might want to get a few things straight first.">BadLinguistics (Pauline Foster)</a></li> +<li><a href="http://blogamundo.net/dev/" title="poking holes in the language barrier">Blogamundo</a></li> +<li><a href="http://bradshawofthefuture.blogspot.com/" title="sƿeostorƿord">Bradshaw of the Future</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.iaas.uni-bremen.de/sprachblog/" title="Institut für allgemeine und angewandte Sprachwissenschaft">Bremer sprachblog</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.plainlanguage.com/blog/" title="advocating plain language, clear design, sensitivity to audience concerns, and civility">Building Rapport</a></li> +<li><a href="http://bulbulovo.blogspot.com/" title="a Semitic philologist in making dabbling into all things linguistic">Bulbulovo</a></li> +<li><a href="http://scientopia.org/blogs/childsplay/" title="Melody Dye and Jason Goldman ">Child’s Play</a></li> +<li><a href="http://clinicallinguistics.wordpress.com/" title="All about clinical linguistics and clinical phonetics">clinicallinguistics</a></li> +<li><a href="http://cobylubliner.wordpress.com/">Coby Lubliner’s Blog</a></li> +<li><a href="http://coglanglab.blogspot.com/" title="runs experiments through the Web testing human reasoning, particularly in the domain of language.">Cognition And Language Lab</a></li> +<li><a href="http://adventuresinlinguistics.blogspot.com/" title="“Don’t talk about syntax at parties; people will walk away from you.” — Rubin">Colorless Green Ideas</a></li> +<li><a href="http://conjugatevisits.blogspot.com/" title="You know, like grammar and stuff.">Conjugate Visits</a></li> +<li><a href="http://david-crystal.blogspot.com/">DCblog (David Crystal)</a></li> +<li><a href="http://af-soomaali.blogspot.com/" title="Somali Language Blog">Degelka af soomaaliga</a></li> +<li><a href="http://descriptively.blogspot.com/" title="linguistics grad student at Cornell University and internet addict">Descriptively Adequate</a></li> +<li><a href="http://dialectblog.com/" title="…a place for hobbyists, actors, linguists and curiosity-seekers to learn about and discuss the dialects of the English language.">dialect blog</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.dictionaryevangelist.com/" title="Erin McKean *really* likes dictionaries.">Dictionary Evangelist</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.dictionarysociety.com/">Dictionary Society of North America</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.doubletongued.org/" title="A lexicon of fringe English, focusing on slang, jargon, and new words.">Double-Tongued Dictionary</a></li> +<li><a href="http://edabsurdum.blogspot.co.uk/" title="I edit manuscripts for a university press. “Ed Absurdum” isn’t my real name. This blog has no opinion on anything controversial (although it may have opinions on stuff nobody cares about). Let me restate that–this blog has no opinion on anything controve">Ed Absurdum</a></li> +<li><a href="http://eggcorns.lascribe.net/" title="This site is devoted to collecting the kind of unusual English spellings that have come to be called eggcorns.">Eggcorn Database</a></li> +<li><a href="http://english-jack.blogspot.com/" title="Second thoughts on English and how she’s taught">English, Jack</a></li> +<li><a href="http://epea.bisso.com/">Epea Pteroenta</a></li> +<li><a href="http://cqs.livejournal.com/">Eternally Stressed Semanticist</a></li> +<li><a href="http://everythingyouknowaboutenglishiswrong.com/blog1/" title="Cantankerous commentary on what we speak and why we speak it, from Bill Brohaugh">Everything You Know About English Is Wrong</a></li> +<li><a href="http://evolvingenglish.blogspot.com/">Evolving English</a></li> +<li><a href="http://faroutliers.blogspot.com/">Far Outliers</a></li> +<li><a href="http://foundintranslation.berkeley.edu/" title="An open blog for and by students, teachers, and others at Berkeley who share a fascination with language">Found in Translation</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.freemorpheme.com/">Freemorpheme</a></li> +<li><a href="http://nancyfriedman.typepad.com/away_with_words/" title="Names, brands, writing, and the quirks of the English language. ">Fritinancy</a></li> +<li><a href="http://blogs.crikey.com.au/fullysic/" title="Crikey’s very own language blog for discerning word nerds — Australian linguists getting all hot and bothered about the way we communicate.">Fully (sic)</a></li> +<li><a href="http://goodreasonblog.blogspot.com/" title="Daniel Midgley, Perth, Australia: Linguistics lecturer, researcher, atheist, and president-in-exile of the world.">Good Reason</a></li> +<li><a href="http://gphemsley.wordpress.com/" title="Linguist by day. Web developer by night.">Gordon P. Hemsley</a></li> +<li><a href="http://anthroling.wordpress.com/">Greater Blogazonia</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.hanzismatter.com/">Hanzi Smatter 一知半解</a></li> +<li><a href="http://headsuptheblog.blogspot.com/">HeadsUp: The Blog</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.massardo.com/index.php/category/blog/">Isabella Massardo Copy & Translation</a></li> +<li><a href="http://lughat.blogspot.com/">Jabal al-Lughat</a></li> +<li><a href="http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.com/" title="Everything to do with phonetics.">John Wells’s Phonetic Blog</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.economist.com/blogs/Johnson" title="The Economist’s language blog">Johnson</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.joshmillard.com/">JoshMillard.com</a></li> +<li><a href="http://keywords.oxus.net/">Keywords</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.langguj.blogspot.com/">Langguj Gel</a></li> +<li><a href="http://langevo.blogspot.com/" title="How and why language varies and changes">Language Evolution</a></li> +<li><a href="http://languagegeek.net/">Language Geek</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.languagehat.com/">Language Hat</a></li> +<li><a href="http://language.ourboldhero.com/">Language Is The People’s</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/">Language Trainers Blog</a></li> +<li><a href="http://lawnlinguistics.wordpress.com/" title="Not about the linguistics of lawns.">LAWnLinguistics</a></li> +<li><a href="http://fledgelings.blogspot.com/" title="Linguistics Graduate Student Association, San Francisco State University">LGSA Fledgelings</a></li> +<li><a href="http://lingformant.vertebratesilence.com/index.php">Lingformant</a></li> +<li><a href="http://community.livejournal.com/linguaphiles/">Linguaphiles</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.linguism.co.uk/">Linguism</a></li> +<li><a href="http://linguisticsanonymous.blogspot.com/">Linguistics Anonymous</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.linguistrix.com/blog/">Linguistrix</a></li> +<li><a href="http://literalminded.wordpress.com/">Literal-Minded</a></li> +<li><a href="http://livinglanguages.wordpress.com/">Living Languages</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.joshuamacy.com/wordpress/">Logomacy</a></li> +<li><a href="http://logophilius.blogspot.com/">Logophilius</a></li> +<li><a href="http://makingnoiseandhearingthings.com/" title="“The How and Why of Speaking and Hearing”, from Rachel Tatman at William & Mary">Making Noise and Hearing Things</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.matjjin-nehen.com/">Matjjin-nehen</a></li> +<li><a href="http://blog.metrolingua.com/">Metrolingua</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.michaelerard.com/" title="Michael Erard is an author and journalist who writes about language at the intersection of technology, policy, law, and science.">Michael Erard</a></li> +<li><a href="http://motivatedgrammar.wordpress.com/" title="Prescriptivism Must Die!">Motivated Grammar</a></li> +<li><a href="http://mr-verb.blogspot.com/">Mr. Verb</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.nakedtranslations.com/en/blog.php">Naked Translations</a></li> +<li><a href="http://nlpers.blogspot.com/" title="Hal Daumé III’s biased thoughts on the fields of natural language processing (NLP), computational linguistics (CL) and related topics (machine learning, math, funding, etc.)">Natural Language Processing Blog</a></li> +<li><a href="http://no-sword.jp/blog/">No-sword</a></li> +<li><a href="http://noncompositional.com/">Noncompositional</a></li> +<li><a href="http://blogs.msdn.com/naturallanguage/">Office Natural Language Team Blog</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.omniglot.com/blog/">Omniglot - The Blog</a></li> +<li><a href="http://blog.oup.com/category/reference/oxford_etymologist/">Oxford Etymologist</a></li> +<li><a href="http://ozarque.livejournal.com/">Ozarque’s Journal</a></li> +<li><a href="http://paleoglot.blogspot.com/" title="Ancient languages and culture">Paleoglot</a></li> +<li><a href="http://paperpools.blogspot.com/">Paperpools</a></li> +<li><a href="http://lavengro.typepad.com/peter_harvey_linguist/">Peter Harvey, Linguist</a></li> +<li><a href="http://quote.ucsd.edu/blogs/phonoloblog/" title="All things phonology">phonoloblog</a></li> +<li><a href="http://pinyin.info/news/">Pinyin News</a></li> +<li><a href="http://podictionary.com/">Podictionary</a></li> +<li><a href="http://polyglotconspiracy.net/">Polyglot Conspiracy</a></li> +<li><a href="http://polyglotveg.blogspot.com/">Polyglot Vegetarian</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.polysyllabic.com/" title="ruminations on grammar, philology and anything else that strikes my fancy">Polysyllabic (Karl Hagen)</a></li> +<li><a href="http://popularlinguisticsonline.org/">Popular Linguistics</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/proper-words-in-proper-places" title="Meditations on the English language">Proper Words in Proper Places</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.replicatedtypo.com/" title="Culture, its evolution and anything inbetween">Replicated Typo</a></li> +<li><a href="http://linguistlessons.blogspot.com/" title="A blog about any and all things linguistic. Topics can range from phonetics to syntax to aspects of specific languages.">Ryan’s linguistics blog</a></li> +<li><a href="http://sauvagenoble.blogspot.com/">Sauvage Noble</a></li> +<li><a href="http://schnaufblog.blogspot.com/" title="Observations by a dog person and linguist">Schnaufblog</a></li> +<li><a href="http://stancarey.wordpress.com/" title="An Irishman’s blog about the English language. Mostly.">Sentence First</a></li> +<li><a href="http://separatedbyacommonlanguage.blogspot.com/">Separated by a Common Language</a></li> +<li><a href="http://sesquiotic.wordpress.com/" title="Words, words, words">Sesquiotica (James Harbeck)</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.linguisticanthropology.org/blog/" title="Official blog of the Society for Linguistic Anthropology">SLA Blog</a></li> +<li><a href="http://staefcraeft.blogspot.com/" title="Germanic, Indo-Aryan, and Indo-European philology & general linguistics">Stæfcræft & Vyākaraṇa</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.superlinguo.com/" title="Lauren and Georgia, two linguaphiles from Melbourne">Superlinguo</a></li> +<li><a href="http://talkwordy.wordpress.com/" title="Words, grammar, and other oddities. (Such as the Oxford comma.)">Talk Wordy to Me</a></li> +<li><a href="http://talkingbrains.blogspot.com/" title="News and views on the neural organization of language">Talking Brains</a></li> +<li><a href="http://aixtal.blogspot.com/">Technologies du Langage</a></li> +<li><a href="http://tenser.typepad.com/tenser_said_the_tensor/">Tenser, said the Tensor</a></li> +<li><a href="http://thatwhichmatter.tumblr.com/" title="To honor the that/which distinction and all grammar that which matters.">ThatWhichMatter</a></li> +<li><a href="http://blog.babbel.com/">The Babbel Blog</a></li> +<li><a href="http://thediacritics.wordpress.com/" title="thoughts on words">The Diacritics</a></li> +<li><a href="http://engineroomblog.blogspot.com/">The Engine Room</a></li> +<li><a href="http://thegreenbelt.blogspot.com/">The Greenbelt</a></li> +<li><a href="http://ideophone.org/">The Ideophone</a></li> +<li><a href="http://thelanguageguy.blogspot.com/">The Language Guy</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.doubletongued.org/index.php/grantbarrett/">The Lexicographer’s Rules</a></li> +<li><a href="http://thelousylinguist.blogspot.com/">The Lousy Linguist</a></li> +<li><a href="http://virtuallinguist.typepad.com/the_virtual_linguist/">The Virtual Linguist</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.emaki.net/blog/" title="Neil Cohn writes in words and pictures, and studies them both.">The Visual Linguist</a></li> +<li><a href="http://webtools.uiuc.edu/blog/view?blogId=25">The Web of Language</a></li> +<li><a href="http://zeromorph.blogspot.com/">The Zero Morpheme</a></li> +<li><a href="http://throwgrammarfromthetrain.blogspot.com/" title="Jan Freeman’s blog">Throw Grammar From the Train</a></li> +<li><a href="http://transblawg.eu/">Transblawg</a></li> +<li><a href="http://blogs.usyd.edu.au/elac/">Transient Languages & Cultures</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.blog.wahlster.net/">Translate This!</a></li> +<li><a href="http://val-systems.blogspot.com/" title="Josef Fruehwald">Val Systems</a></li> +<li><a href="http://vocalised.wordpress.com/" title="Voicings about language by an American linguist in Edinburgh">Vocalized/Vocalised (Lauren Hall-Lew)</a></li> +<li><a href="http://blog.web-translations.com/">Web-Translations</a></li> +<li><a href="http://wishydig.blogspot.com/">Wishydig</a></li> +<li><a href="http://wordjournal.tumblr.com/" title="A journal of interesting and infrequently encountered words">Word Journal</a></li> +<li><a href="http://wordporn.tumblr.com/">Word Porn</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.visualthesaurus.com/cm/wordroutes/" title="Exploring the pathways of our lexicon">Word Routes</a></li> +<li><a href="http://wordlust.blogspot.com/" title="A growing dictionary of ephemeral words">Wordlustitude</a></li> +<li><a href="http://blog.wordnik.com/">Wordnik blog</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.wordsaredelicious.com/" title="a blog about words, language, and content development">Words Are Delicious</a></li> +<li><a href="http://rinse.wordpress.com/">Words from Sweden</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.jsonline.com/blogs/lifestyle/language.html" title="A conversation on language - with a dash of editing">Words to the Wise</a></li> +<li><a href="http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/news/mcintyre/blog/" title="Veteran drudge John E. McIntyre writes about language, journalism, and arbitrarily chosen topics.">You Don’t Say</a></li> +</ul> +</div> +</li> +<br> + +<h2>Categories <a href="javascript:ReverseDisplay('cats')">[+/–]</a></h2> +<li> +<div id="cats" style="display:none;"> +<ul> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-7"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=7" title="View all posts filed under Administration">Administration</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-210"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=210" title="View all posts filed under Alphabets">Alphabets</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-116"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=116" title="View all posts filed under Animal behavior">Animal behavior</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-25"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=25" title="View all posts filed under Animal communication">Animal communication</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-40"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=40" title="View all posts filed under Announcements">Announcements</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-67"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=67" title="View all posts filed under Awesomeness">Awesomeness</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-209"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=209" title="View all posts filed under Biology of language">Biology of language</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-85"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=85" title="View all posts filed under Books">Books</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-194"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=194" title="View all posts filed under Borrowing">Borrowing</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-13"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=13" title="View all posts filed under Changing times">Changing times</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-60"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=60" title="View all posts filed under Computational linguistics">Computational linguistics</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-118"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=118" title="View all posts filed under Crash blossoms">Crash blossoms</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-124"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=124" title="View all posts filed under Dialects">Dialects</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-181"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=181" title="View all posts filed under Dictionaries">Dictionaries</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-176"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=176" title="View all posts filed under Diglossia and digraphia">Diglossia and digraphia</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-49"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=49" title="View all posts filed under Eggcorns">Eggcorns</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-83"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=83" title="View all posts filed under Endangered languages">Endangered languages</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-64"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=64" title="View all posts filed under Errors">Errors</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-186"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=186" title="View all posts filed under Esthetics">Esthetics</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-44"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=44" title="View all posts filed under Ethics">Ethics</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-178"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=178" title="View all posts filed under Etymology">Etymology</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-92"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=92" title="View all posts filed under Evolution of language">Evolution of language</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-14"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=14" title="View all posts filed under Fieldwork">Fieldwork</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-180"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=180" title="View all posts filed under Found in translation">Found in translation</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-66"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=66" title="View all posts filed under Gift ideas">Gift ideas</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-199"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=199" title="View all posts filed under Grammar">Grammar</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-33"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=33" title="View all posts filed under HLT">HLT</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-23"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=23" title="View all posts filed under Humor">Humor</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-207"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=207" title="View all posts filed under Ideography">Ideography</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-82"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=82" title="View all posts filed under Idioms">Idioms</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-61"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=61" title="View all posts filed under Ignorance of linguistics">Ignorance of linguistics</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-143"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=143" title="View all posts filed under Information technology">Information technology</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-108"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=108" title="View all posts filed under Language acquisition">Language acquisition</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-34"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=34" title="View all posts filed under Language and advertising">Language and advertising</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-203"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=203" title="View all posts filed under Language and art">Language and art</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-196"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=196" title="View all posts filed under Language and computers">Language and computers</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-39"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=39" title="View all posts filed under Language and culture">Language and culture</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-184"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=184" title="View all posts filed under Language and education">Language and education</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-93"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=93" title="View all posts filed under Language and gender">Language and gender</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-187"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=187" title="View all posts filed under Language and medicine">Language and medicine</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-94"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=94" title="View all posts filed under Language and music">Language and music</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-16"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=16" title="View all posts filed under Language and politics">Language and politics</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-52"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=52" title="View all posts filed under Language and sports">Language and sports</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-69"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=69" title="View all posts filed under Language and technology">Language and technology</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-11"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=11" title="View all posts filed under Language and the law">Language and the law</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-26"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=26" title="View all posts filed under Language and the media">Language and the media</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-173"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=173" title="View all posts filed under Language and tourism">Language and tourism</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-98"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=98" title="View all posts filed under Language attitudes">Language attitudes</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-75"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=75" title="View all posts filed under Language change">Language change</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-119"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=119" title="View all posts filed under Language contact">Language contact</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-177"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=177" title="View all posts filed under Language disorders">Language disorders</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-201"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=201" title="View all posts filed under Language exotification">Language exotification</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-84"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=84" title="View all posts filed under Language in the movies">Language in the movies</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-100"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=100" title="View all posts filed under Language of science">Language of science</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-87"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=87" title="View all posts filed under Language on the internets">Language on the internets</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-50"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=50" title="View all posts filed under Language play">Language play</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-29"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=29" title="View all posts filed under Language teaching and learning">Language teaching and learning</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-90"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=90" title="View all posts filed under Languages">Languages</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-10"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=10" title="View all posts filed under Linguistic history">Linguistic history</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-9"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=9" title="View all posts filed under Linguistics in the comics">Linguistics in the comics</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-63"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=63" title="View all posts filed under Linguistics in the news">Linguistics in the news</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-53"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=53" title="View all posts filed under Links">Links</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-185"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=185" title="View all posts filed under Literacy">Literacy</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-174"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=174" title="View all posts filed under Logic">Logic</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-6"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=6" title="View all posts filed under Lost in translation">Lost in translation</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-131"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=131" title="View all posts filed under Metaphors">Metaphors</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-51"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=51" title="View all posts filed under Morphology">Morphology</a> +<ul class='children'> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-112"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=112" title="View all posts filed under Inflection">Inflection</a> +</li> +</ul> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-202"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=202" title="View all posts filed under Multilingualism">Multilingualism</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-15"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=15" title="View all posts filed under Names">Names</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-190"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=190" title="View all posts filed under Neologisms">Neologisms</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-106"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=106" title="View all posts filed under Nerdview">Nerdview</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-191"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=191" title="View all posts filed under Nonverbal communication">Nonverbal communication</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-68"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=68" title="View all posts filed under Obituaries">Obituaries</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-188"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=188" title="View all posts filed under Open Access">Open Access</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-22"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=22" title="View all posts filed under Orthography">Orthography</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-62"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=62" title="View all posts filed under Peeving">Peeving</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-115"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=115" title="View all posts filed under People">People</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-175"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=175" title="View all posts filed under Philosophy of Language">Philosophy of Language</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-24"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=24" title="View all posts filed under Phonetics and phonology">Phonetics and phonology</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-193"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=193" title="View all posts filed under Politics of language">Politics of language</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-46"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=46" title="View all posts filed under Pragmatics">Pragmatics</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-5"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=5" title="View all posts filed under Prescriptivist poppycock">Prescriptivist poppycock</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-117"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=117" title="View all posts filed under Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-105"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=105" title="View all posts filed under Prosody">Prosody</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-32"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=32" title="View all posts filed under Psychology of language">Psychology of language</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-41"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=41" title="View all posts filed under Punctuation">Punctuation</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-208"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=208" title="View all posts filed under Puns">Puns</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-58"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=58" title="View all posts filed under Quizzes">Quizzes</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-192"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=192" title="View all posts filed under Reading">Reading</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-56"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=56" title="View all posts filed under Research tools">Research tools</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-72"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=72" title="View all posts filed under Resources">Resources</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-111"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=111" title="View all posts filed under Rhetoric">Rhetoric</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-19"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=19" title="View all posts filed under Semantics">Semantics</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-200"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=200" title="View all posts filed under Sign language">Sign language</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-114"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=114" title="View all posts filed under Silliness">Silliness</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-195"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=195" title="View all posts filed under Slogans">Slogans</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-37"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=37" title="View all posts filed under Snowclones">Snowclones</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-91"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=91" title="View all posts filed under Sociolinguistics">Sociolinguistics</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-97"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=97" title="View all posts filed under Speech technology">Speech technology</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-42"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=42" title="View all posts filed under Speech-acts">Speech-acts</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-80"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=80" title="View all posts filed under Style and register">Style and register</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-20"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=20" title="View all posts filed under Syntax">Syntax</a> +<ul class='children'> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-101"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=101" title="View all posts filed under adjectives">adjectives</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-65"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=65" title="View all posts filed under ambiguity">ambiguity</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-35"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=35" title="View all posts filed under coordination">coordination</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-55"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=55" title="View all posts filed under negation">negation</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-54"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=54" title="View all posts filed under passives">passives</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-38"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=38" title="View all posts filed under prepositions">prepositions</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-36"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=36" title="View all posts filed under relative clauses">relative clauses</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-27"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=27" title="View all posts filed under singular "they"">singular "they"</a> +</li> +</ul> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-30"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=30" title="View all posts filed under Taboo vocabulary">Taboo vocabulary</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-71"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=71" title="View all posts filed under The academic scene">The academic scene</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-8"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=8" title="View all posts filed under The language of science">The language of science</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-86"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=86" title="View all posts filed under This blogging life">This blogging life</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-189"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=189" title="View all posts filed under Transcription">Transcription</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-205"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=205" title="View all posts filed under translation">translation</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-182"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=182" title="View all posts filed under Typography">Typography</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=1" title="View all posts filed under Uncategorized">Uncategorized</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-78"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=78" title="View all posts filed under Usage advice">Usage advice</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-57"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=57" title="View all posts filed under Variation">Variation</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-214"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=214" title="View all posts filed under Vernacular">Vernacular</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-45"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=45" title="View all posts filed under Words words words">Words words words</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-79"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=79" title="View all posts filed under Writing">Writing</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-18"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=18" title="View all posts filed under Writing systems">Writing systems</a> +</li> + <li class="cat-item cat-item-17"><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=17" title="View all posts filed under WTF">WTF</a> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +</li> +<br> + + + <li> + <h2>Meta</h2> + <ul> + <li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/wp-login.php">Log in</a></li> + <li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?feed=rss2" title="Syndicate this site using RSS 2.0"><abbr title="Really Simple Syndication">RSS</abbr> 2.0</a></li> + <li><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?feed=atom" title="Syndicate this site using Atom">Atom</a></li> + <li><a href="http://wordpress.org" title="Powered by WordPress, state-of-the-art semantic personal publishing platform.">WordPress</a></li> + + </ul> + </li> +</ul> +<!-- Site Meter XHTML Strict 1.0 --> +<script type="text/javascript" src="http://sm7.sitemeter.com/js/counter.js?site=sm7languagelog"> +</script> +<!-- Copyright (c)2006 Site Meter --> + +</div> + +<div id="footer"> +<p>Powered By <a href="http://www.wordpress.org">WordPress</a> +</p> +</div> +<div class="pusher"></div> +</div> + +<script src="http://stats.wordpress.com/e-201321.js" type="text/javascript"></script> +<script type="text/javascript"> +st_go({blog:'3459292',v:'ext',post:'2451'}); +var load_cmc = function(){linktracker_init(3459292,2451,2);}; +if ( typeof addLoadEvent != 'undefined' ) addLoadEvent(load_cmc); +else load_cmc(); +</script> + +</body> +</html>