--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/perl-5.22.2/win32/win32.c	Sat May 14 14:54:38 2016 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,4713 @@
+/* WIN32.C
+ *
+ * (c) 1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ * 		Developed by hip communications inc.
+ * Portions (c) 1993 Intergraph Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
+ *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
+ */
+#define PERLIO_NOT_STDIO 0
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32IO_IS_STDIO
+#include <tchar.h>
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#  define Win32_Winsock
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT
+#  define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500     /* needed for CreateHardlink() etc. */
+#endif
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#ifndef HWND_MESSAGE
+#  define HWND_MESSAGE ((HWND)-3)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64
+#  define PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 9
+#endif
+
+#ifndef WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS
+#  define WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS 0x00000400
+#endif
+
+#include <winnt.h>
+#include <commctrl.h>
+#include <tlhelp32.h>
+#include <io.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+
+/* #include "config.h" */
+
+#if !defined(PERLIO_IS_STDIO)
+#  define PerlIO FILE
+#endif
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include "EXTERN.h"
+#include "perl.h"
+
+#define NO_XSLOCKS
+#define PERL_NO_GET_CONTEXT
+#include "XSUB.h"
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#ifndef __GNUC__
+/* assert.h conflicts with #define of assert in perl.h */
+#  include <assert.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/utime.h>
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+/* Mingw32 defaults to globing command line
+ * So we turn it off like this:
+ */
+int _CRT_glob = 0;
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__MINGW32__) && (__MINGW32_MAJOR_VERSION==1)	
+/* Mingw32-1.1 is missing some prototypes */
+START_EXTERN_C
+FILE * _wfopen(LPCWSTR wszFileName, LPCWSTR wszMode);
+FILE * _wfdopen(int nFd, LPCWSTR wszMode);
+FILE * _freopen(LPCWSTR wszFileName, LPCWSTR wszMode, FILE * pOldStream);
+int _flushall();
+int _fcloseall();
+END_EXTERN_C
+#endif
+
+#define EXECF_EXEC 1
+#define EXECF_SPAWN 2
+#define EXECF_SPAWN_NOWAIT 3
+
+#if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS)
+#  undef win32_get_privlib
+#  define win32_get_privlib g_win32_get_privlib
+#  undef win32_get_sitelib
+#  define win32_get_sitelib g_win32_get_sitelib
+#  undef win32_get_vendorlib
+#  define win32_get_vendorlib g_win32_get_vendorlib
+#  undef getlogin
+#  define getlogin g_getlogin
+#endif
+
+/* VS2005 (MSC version 14) provides a mechanism to set an invalid
+ * parameter handler.  This functionality is not available in the
+ * 64-bit compiler from the Platform SDK, which unfortunately also
+ * believes itself to be MSC version 14.
+ *
+ * There is no #define related to _set_invalid_parameter_handler(),
+ * but we can check for one of the constants defined for
+ * _set_abort_behavior(), which was introduced into stdlib.h at
+ * the same time.
+ */
+
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && defined(_WRITE_ABORT_MSG)
+#  define SET_INVALID_PARAMETER_HANDLER
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SET_INVALID_PARAMETER_HANDLER
+static BOOL	set_silent_invalid_parameter_handler(BOOL newvalue);
+static void	my_invalid_parameter_handler(const wchar_t* expression,
+			const wchar_t* function, const wchar_t* file,
+			unsigned int line, uintptr_t pReserved);
+#endif
+
+static char*	get_regstr_from(HKEY hkey, const char *valuename, SV **svp);
+static char*	get_regstr(const char *valuename, SV **svp);
+static char*	get_emd_part(SV **prev_pathp, STRLEN *const len,
+			char *trailing, ...);
+static char*	win32_get_xlib(const char *pl, const char *xlib,
+			const char *libname, STRLEN *const len);
+static BOOL	has_shell_metachars(const char *ptr);
+static long	tokenize(const char *str, char **dest, char ***destv);
+static void	get_shell(void);
+static char*	find_next_space(const char *s);
+static int	do_spawn2(pTHX_ const char *cmd, int exectype);
+static int	do_spawn2_handles(pTHX_ const char *cmd, int exectype,
+                        const int *handles);
+static int	do_spawnvp_handles(int mode, const char *cmdname,
+                        const char * const *argv, const int *handles);
+static PerlIO * do_popen(const char *mode, const char *command, IV narg,
+			 SV **args);
+static long	find_pid(pTHX_ int pid);
+static void	remove_dead_process(long child);
+static int	terminate_process(DWORD pid, HANDLE process_handle, int sig);
+static int	my_killpg(int pid, int sig);
+static int	my_kill(int pid, int sig);
+static void	out_of_memory(void);
+static char*	wstr_to_str(const wchar_t* wstr);
+static long	filetime_to_clock(PFILETIME ft);
+static BOOL	filetime_from_time(PFILETIME ft, time_t t);
+static char*	create_command_line(char *cname, STRLEN clen,
+				    const char * const *args);
+static char*	qualified_path(const char *cmd, bool other_exts);
+static void	ansify_path(void);
+static LRESULT	win32_process_message(HWND hwnd, UINT msg,
+			WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
+
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+static long	find_pseudo_pid(pTHX_ int pid);
+static void	remove_dead_pseudo_process(long child);
+static HWND	get_hwnd_delay(pTHX, long child, DWORD tries);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_INTERP_INTERN
+static void	win32_csighandler(int sig);
+#endif
+
+START_EXTERN_C
+HANDLE	w32_perldll_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+char	w32_module_name[MAX_PATH+1];
+#ifdef WIN32_DYN_IOINFO_SIZE
+Size_t	w32_ioinfo_size;/* avoid 0 extend op b4 mul, otherwise could be a U8 */
+#endif
+END_EXTERN_C
+
+static OSVERSIONINFO g_osver = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ""};
+
+#ifdef SET_INVALID_PARAMETER_HANDLER
+static BOOL silent_invalid_parameter_handler = FALSE;
+
+static BOOL
+set_silent_invalid_parameter_handler(BOOL newvalue)
+{
+    BOOL oldvalue = silent_invalid_parameter_handler;
+#  ifdef _DEBUG
+    silent_invalid_parameter_handler = newvalue;
+#  endif
+    return oldvalue;
+}
+
+static void
+my_invalid_parameter_handler(const wchar_t* expression,
+    const wchar_t* function, 
+    const wchar_t* file, 
+    unsigned int line, 
+    uintptr_t pReserved)
+{
+#  ifdef _DEBUG
+    char* ansi_expression;
+    char* ansi_function;
+    char* ansi_file;
+    if (silent_invalid_parameter_handler)
+	return;
+    ansi_expression = wstr_to_str(expression);
+    ansi_function = wstr_to_str(function);
+    ansi_file = wstr_to_str(file);
+    fprintf(stderr, "Invalid parameter detected in function %s. "
+                    "File: %s, line: %d\n", ansi_function, ansi_file, line);
+    fprintf(stderr, "Expression: %s\n", ansi_expression);
+    free(ansi_expression);
+    free(ansi_function);
+    free(ansi_file);
+#  endif
+}
+#endif
+
+EXTERN_C void
+set_w32_module_name(void)
+{
+    /* this function may be called at DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH time */
+    char* ptr;
+    HMODULE module = (HMODULE)((w32_perldll_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+                               ? GetModuleHandle(NULL)
+                               : w32_perldll_handle);
+
+    WCHAR modulename[MAX_PATH];
+    WCHAR fullname[MAX_PATH];
+    char *ansi;
+
+    DWORD (__stdcall *pfnGetLongPathNameW)(LPCWSTR, LPWSTR, DWORD) =
+        (DWORD (__stdcall *)(LPCWSTR, LPWSTR, DWORD))
+        GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"), "GetLongPathNameW");
+
+    GetModuleFileNameW(module, modulename, sizeof(modulename)/sizeof(WCHAR));
+
+    /* Make sure we get an absolute pathname in case the module was loaded
+     * explicitly by LoadLibrary() with a relative path. */
+    GetFullPathNameW(modulename, sizeof(fullname)/sizeof(WCHAR), fullname, NULL);
+
+    /* Make sure we start with the long path name of the module because we
+     * later scan for pathname components to match "5.xx" to locate
+     * compatible sitelib directories, and the short pathname might mangle
+     * this path segment (e.g. by removing the dot on NTFS to something
+     * like "5xx~1.yy") */
+    if (pfnGetLongPathNameW)
+        pfnGetLongPathNameW(fullname, fullname, sizeof(fullname)/sizeof(WCHAR));
+
+    /* remove \\?\ prefix */
+    if (memcmp(fullname, L"\\\\?\\", 4*sizeof(WCHAR)) == 0)
+        memmove(fullname, fullname+4, (wcslen(fullname+4)+1)*sizeof(WCHAR));
+
+    ansi = win32_ansipath(fullname);
+    my_strlcpy(w32_module_name, ansi, sizeof(w32_module_name));
+    win32_free(ansi);
+
+    /* normalize to forward slashes */
+    ptr = w32_module_name;
+    while (*ptr) {
+	if (*ptr == '\\')
+	    *ptr = '/';
+	++ptr;
+    }
+}
+
+/* *svp (if non-NULL) is expected to be POK (valid allocated SvPVX(*svp)) */
+static char*
+get_regstr_from(HKEY hkey, const char *valuename, SV **svp)
+{
+    /* Retrieve a REG_SZ or REG_EXPAND_SZ from the registry */
+    HKEY handle;
+    DWORD type;
+    const char *subkey = "Software\\Perl";
+    char *str = NULL;
+    long retval;
+
+    retval = RegOpenKeyEx(hkey, subkey, 0, KEY_READ, &handle);
+    if (retval == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+	DWORD datalen;
+	retval = RegQueryValueEx(handle, valuename, 0, &type, NULL, &datalen);
+	if (retval == ERROR_SUCCESS
+	    && (type == REG_SZ || type == REG_EXPAND_SZ))
+	{
+	    dTHX;
+	    if (!*svp)
+		*svp = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
+	    SvGROW(*svp, datalen);
+	    retval = RegQueryValueEx(handle, valuename, 0, NULL,
+				     (PBYTE)SvPVX(*svp), &datalen);
+	    if (retval == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+		str = SvPVX(*svp);
+		SvCUR_set(*svp,datalen-1);
+	    }
+	}
+	RegCloseKey(handle);
+    }
+    return str;
+}
+
+/* *svp (if non-NULL) is expected to be POK (valid allocated SvPVX(*svp)) */
+static char*
+get_regstr(const char *valuename, SV **svp)
+{
+    char *str = get_regstr_from(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, valuename, svp);
+    if (!str)
+	str = get_regstr_from(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, valuename, svp);
+    return str;
+}
+
+/* *prev_pathp (if non-NULL) is expected to be POK (valid allocated SvPVX(sv)) */
+static char *
+get_emd_part(SV **prev_pathp, STRLEN *const len, char *trailing_path, ...)
+{
+    char base[10];
+    va_list ap;
+    char mod_name[MAX_PATH+1];
+    char *ptr;
+    char *optr;
+    char *strip;
+    STRLEN baselen;
+
+    va_start(ap, trailing_path);
+    strip = va_arg(ap, char *);
+
+    sprintf(base, "%d.%d", (int)PERL_REVISION, (int)PERL_VERSION);
+    baselen = strlen(base);
+
+    if (!*w32_module_name) {
+	set_w32_module_name();
+    }
+    strcpy(mod_name, w32_module_name);
+    ptr = strrchr(mod_name, '/');
+    while (ptr && strip) {
+        /* look for directories to skip back */
+	optr = ptr;
+	*ptr = '\0';
+	ptr = strrchr(mod_name, '/');
+	/* avoid stripping component if there is no slash,
+	 * or it doesn't match ... */
+	if (!ptr || stricmp(ptr+1, strip) != 0) {
+	    /* ... but not if component matches m|5\.$patchlevel.*| */
+	    if (!ptr || !(*strip == '5' && *(ptr+1) == '5'
+			  && strncmp(strip, base, baselen) == 0
+			  && strncmp(ptr+1, base, baselen) == 0))
+	    {
+		*optr = '/';
+		ptr = optr;
+	    }
+	}
+	strip = va_arg(ap, char *);
+    }
+    if (!ptr) {
+	ptr = mod_name;
+	*ptr++ = '.';
+	*ptr = '/';
+    }
+    va_end(ap);
+    strcpy(++ptr, trailing_path);
+
+    /* only add directory if it exists */
+    if (GetFileAttributes(mod_name) != (DWORD) -1) {
+	/* directory exists */
+	dTHX;
+	if (!*prev_pathp)
+	    *prev_pathp = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
+	else if (SvPVX(*prev_pathp))
+	    sv_catpvs(*prev_pathp, ";");
+	sv_catpv(*prev_pathp, mod_name);
+	if(len)
+	    *len = SvCUR(*prev_pathp);
+	return SvPVX(*prev_pathp);
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+EXTERN_C char *
+win32_get_privlib(const char *pl, STRLEN *const len)
+{
+    char *stdlib = "lib";
+    char buffer[MAX_PATH+1];
+    SV *sv = NULL;
+
+    /* $stdlib = $HKCU{"lib-$]"} || $HKLM{"lib-$]"} || $HKCU{"lib"} || $HKLM{"lib"} || "";  */
+    sprintf(buffer, "%s-%s", stdlib, pl);
+    if (!get_regstr(buffer, &sv))
+	(void)get_regstr(stdlib, &sv);
+
+    /* $stdlib .= ";$EMD/../../lib" */
+    return get_emd_part(&sv, len, stdlib, ARCHNAME, "bin", NULL);
+}
+
+static char *
+win32_get_xlib(const char *pl, const char *xlib, const char *libname,
+	       STRLEN *const len)
+{
+    char regstr[40];
+    char pathstr[MAX_PATH+1];
+    SV *sv1 = NULL;
+    SV *sv2 = NULL;
+
+    /* $HKCU{"$xlib-$]"} || $HKLM{"$xlib-$]"} . ---; */
+    sprintf(regstr, "%s-%s", xlib, pl);
+    (void)get_regstr(regstr, &sv1);
+
+    /* $xlib .=
+     * ";$EMD/" . ((-d $EMD/../../../$]) ? "../../.." : "../.."). "/$libname/$]/lib";  */
+    sprintf(pathstr, "%s/%s/lib", libname, pl);
+    (void)get_emd_part(&sv1, NULL, pathstr, ARCHNAME, "bin", pl, NULL);
+
+    /* $HKCU{$xlib} || $HKLM{$xlib} . ---; */
+    (void)get_regstr(xlib, &sv2);
+
+    /* $xlib .=
+     * ";$EMD/" . ((-d $EMD/../../../$]) ? "../../.." : "../.."). "/$libname/lib";  */
+    sprintf(pathstr, "%s/lib", libname);
+    (void)get_emd_part(&sv2, NULL, pathstr, ARCHNAME, "bin", pl, NULL);
+
+    if (!sv1 && !sv2)
+	return NULL;
+    if (!sv1) {
+	sv1 = sv2;
+    } else if (sv2) {
+        dTHX;
+	sv_catpv(sv1, ";");
+	sv_catsv(sv1, sv2);
+    }
+
+    if (len)
+	*len = SvCUR(sv1);
+    return SvPVX(sv1);
+}
+
+EXTERN_C char *
+win32_get_sitelib(const char *pl, STRLEN *const len)
+{
+    return win32_get_xlib(pl, "sitelib", "site", len);
+}
+
+#ifndef PERL_VENDORLIB_NAME
+#  define PERL_VENDORLIB_NAME	"vendor"
+#endif
+
+EXTERN_C char *
+win32_get_vendorlib(const char *pl, STRLEN *const len)
+{
+    return win32_get_xlib(pl, "vendorlib", PERL_VENDORLIB_NAME, len);
+}
+
+static BOOL
+has_shell_metachars(const char *ptr)
+{
+    int inquote = 0;
+    char quote = '\0';
+
+    /*
+     * Scan string looking for redirection (< or >) or pipe
+     * characters (|) that are not in a quoted string.
+     * Shell variable interpolation (%VAR%) can also happen inside strings.
+     */
+    while (*ptr) {
+	switch(*ptr) {
+	case '%':
+	    return TRUE;
+	case '\'':
+	case '\"':
+	    if (inquote) {
+		if (quote == *ptr) {
+		    inquote = 0;
+		    quote = '\0';
+		}
+	    }
+	    else {
+		quote = *ptr;
+		inquote++;
+	    }
+	    break;
+	case '>':
+	case '<':
+	case '|':
+	    if (!inquote)
+		return TRUE;
+	default:
+	    break;
+	}
+	++ptr;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+#if !defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS)
+/* since the current process environment is being updated in util.c
+ * the library functions will get the correct environment
+ */
+PerlIO *
+Perl_my_popen(pTHX_ const char *cmd, const char *mode)
+{
+    PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
+    return win32_popen(cmd, mode);
+}
+
+long
+Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *fp)
+{
+    return win32_pclose(fp);
+}
+#endif
+
+DllExport unsigned long
+win32_os_id(void)
+{
+    return (unsigned long)g_osver.dwPlatformId;
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_getpid(void)
+{
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+    dTHX;
+    if (w32_pseudo_id)
+	return -((int)w32_pseudo_id);
+#endif
+    return _getpid();
+}
+
+/* Tokenize a string.  Words are null-separated, and the list
+ * ends with a doubled null.  Any character (except null and
+ * including backslash) may be escaped by preceding it with a
+ * backslash (the backslash will be stripped).
+ * Returns number of words in result buffer.
+ */
+static long
+tokenize(const char *str, char **dest, char ***destv)
+{
+    char *retstart = NULL;
+    char **retvstart = 0;
+    int items = -1;
+    if (str) {
+	int slen = strlen(str);
+	char *ret;
+	char **retv;
+	Newx(ret, slen+2, char);
+	Newx(retv, (slen+3)/2, char*);
+
+	retstart = ret;
+	retvstart = retv;
+	*retv = ret;
+	items = 0;
+	while (*str) {
+	    *ret = *str++;
+	    if (*ret == '\\' && *str)
+		*ret = *str++;
+	    else if (*ret == ' ') {
+		while (*str == ' ')
+		    str++;
+		if (ret == retstart)
+		    ret--;
+		else {
+		    *ret = '\0';
+		    ++items;
+		    if (*str)
+			*++retv = ret+1;
+		}
+	    }
+	    else if (!*str)
+		++items;
+	    ret++;
+	}
+	retvstart[items] = NULL;
+	*ret++ = '\0';
+	*ret = '\0';
+    }
+    *dest = retstart;
+    *destv = retvstart;
+    return items;
+}
+
+static void
+get_shell(void)
+{
+    dTHX;
+    if (!w32_perlshell_tokens) {
+	/* we don't use COMSPEC here for two reasons:
+	 *  1. the same reason perl on UNIX doesn't use SHELL--rampant and
+	 *     uncontrolled unportability of the ensuing scripts.
+	 *  2. PERL5SHELL could be set to a shell that may not be fit for
+	 *     interactive use (which is what most programs look in COMSPEC
+	 *     for).
+	 */
+	const char* defaultshell = "cmd.exe /x/d/c";
+	const char *usershell = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL5SHELL");
+	w32_perlshell_items = tokenize(usershell ? usershell : defaultshell,
+				       &w32_perlshell_tokens,
+				       &w32_perlshell_vec);
+    }
+}
+
+int
+Perl_do_aspawn(pTHX_ SV *really, SV **mark, SV **sp)
+{
+    char **argv;
+    char *str;
+    int status;
+    int flag = P_WAIT;
+    int index = 0;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_ASPAWN;
+
+    if (sp <= mark)
+	return -1;
+
+    get_shell();
+    Newx(argv, (sp - mark) + w32_perlshell_items + 2, char*);
+
+    if (SvNIOKp(*(mark+1)) && !SvPOKp(*(mark+1))) {
+	++mark;
+	flag = SvIVx(*mark);
+    }
+
+    while (++mark <= sp) {
+	if (*mark && (str = SvPV_nolen(*mark)))
+	    argv[index++] = str;
+	else
+	    argv[index++] = "";
+    }
+    argv[index++] = 0;
+
+    status = win32_spawnvp(flag,
+			   (const char*)(really ? SvPV_nolen(really) : argv[0]),
+			   (const char* const*)argv);
+
+    if (status < 0 && (errno == ENOEXEC || errno == ENOENT)) {
+	/* possible shell-builtin, invoke with shell */
+	int sh_items;
+	sh_items = w32_perlshell_items;
+	while (--index >= 0)
+	    argv[index+sh_items] = argv[index];
+	while (--sh_items >= 0)
+	    argv[sh_items] = w32_perlshell_vec[sh_items];
+
+	status = win32_spawnvp(flag,
+			       (const char*)(really ? SvPV_nolen(really) : argv[0]),
+			       (const char* const*)argv);
+    }
+
+    if (flag == P_NOWAIT) {
+	PL_statusvalue = -1;	/* >16bits hint for pp_system() */
+    }
+    else {
+	if (status < 0) {
+	    if (ckWARN(WARN_EXEC))
+		Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC), "Can't spawn \"%s\": %s", argv[0], strerror(errno));
+	    status = 255 * 256;
+	}
+	else
+	    status *= 256;
+	PL_statusvalue = status;
+    }
+    Safefree(argv);
+    return (status);
+}
+
+/* returns pointer to the next unquoted space or the end of the string */
+static char*
+find_next_space(const char *s)
+{
+    bool in_quotes = FALSE;
+    while (*s) {
+	/* ignore doubled backslashes, or backslash+quote */
+	if (*s == '\\' && (s[1] == '\\' || s[1] == '"')) {
+	    s += 2;
+	}
+	/* keep track of when we're within quotes */
+	else if (*s == '"') {
+	    s++;
+	    in_quotes = !in_quotes;
+	}
+	/* break it up only at spaces that aren't in quotes */
+	else if (!in_quotes && isSPACE(*s))
+	    return (char*)s;
+	else
+	    s++;
+    }
+    return (char*)s;
+}
+
+static int
+do_spawn2(pTHX_ const char *cmd, int exectype) {
+    return do_spawn2_handles(aTHX_ cmd, exectype, NULL);
+}
+
+static int
+do_spawn2_handles(pTHX_ const char *cmd, int exectype, const int *handles)
+{
+    char **a;
+    char *s;
+    char **argv;
+    int status = -1;
+    BOOL needToTry = TRUE;
+    char *cmd2;
+
+    /* Save an extra exec if possible. See if there are shell
+     * metacharacters in it */
+    if (!has_shell_metachars(cmd)) {
+	Newx(argv, strlen(cmd) / 2 + 2, char*);
+	Newx(cmd2, strlen(cmd) + 1, char);
+	strcpy(cmd2, cmd);
+	a = argv;
+	for (s = cmd2; *s;) {
+	    while (*s && isSPACE(*s))
+		s++;
+	    if (*s)
+		*(a++) = s;
+	    s = find_next_space(s);
+	    if (*s)
+		*s++ = '\0';
+	}
+	*a = NULL;
+	if (argv[0]) {
+	    switch (exectype) {
+	    case EXECF_SPAWN:
+		status = win32_spawnvp(P_WAIT, argv[0],
+				       (const char* const*)argv);
+		break;
+	    case EXECF_SPAWN_NOWAIT:
+		status = do_spawnvp_handles(P_NOWAIT, argv[0],
+					    (const char* const*)argv, handles);
+		break;
+	    case EXECF_EXEC:
+		status = win32_execvp(argv[0], (const char* const*)argv);
+		break;
+	    }
+	    if (status != -1 || errno == 0)
+		needToTry = FALSE;
+	}
+	Safefree(argv);
+	Safefree(cmd2);
+    }
+    if (needToTry) {
+	char **argv;
+	int i = -1;
+	get_shell();
+	Newx(argv, w32_perlshell_items + 2, char*);
+	while (++i < w32_perlshell_items)
+	    argv[i] = w32_perlshell_vec[i];
+	argv[i++] = (char *)cmd;
+	argv[i] = NULL;
+	switch (exectype) {
+	case EXECF_SPAWN:
+	    status = win32_spawnvp(P_WAIT, argv[0],
+				   (const char* const*)argv);
+	    break;
+	case EXECF_SPAWN_NOWAIT:
+	    status = do_spawnvp_handles(P_NOWAIT, argv[0],
+					(const char* const*)argv, handles);
+	    break;
+	case EXECF_EXEC:
+	    status = win32_execvp(argv[0], (const char* const*)argv);
+	    break;
+	}
+	cmd = argv[0];
+	Safefree(argv);
+    }
+    if (exectype == EXECF_SPAWN_NOWAIT) {
+	PL_statusvalue = -1;	/* >16bits hint for pp_system() */
+    }
+    else {
+	if (status < 0) {
+	    if (ckWARN(WARN_EXEC))
+		Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC), "Can't %s \"%s\": %s",
+		     (exectype == EXECF_EXEC ? "exec" : "spawn"),
+		     cmd, strerror(errno));
+	    status = 255 * 256;
+	}
+	else
+	    status *= 256;
+	PL_statusvalue = status;
+    }
+    return (status);
+}
+
+int
+Perl_do_spawn(pTHX_ char *cmd)
+{
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_SPAWN;
+
+    return do_spawn2(aTHX_ cmd, EXECF_SPAWN);
+}
+
+int
+Perl_do_spawn_nowait(pTHX_ char *cmd)
+{
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_SPAWN_NOWAIT;
+
+    return do_spawn2(aTHX_ cmd, EXECF_SPAWN_NOWAIT);
+}
+
+bool
+Perl_do_exec(pTHX_ const char *cmd)
+{
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_EXEC;
+
+    do_spawn2(aTHX_ cmd, EXECF_EXEC);
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+/* The idea here is to read all the directory names into a string table
+ * (separated by nulls) and when one of the other dir functions is called
+ * return the pointer to the current file name.
+ */
+DllExport DIR *
+win32_opendir(const char *filename)
+{
+    dTHXa(NULL);
+    DIR			*dirp;
+    long		len;
+    long		idx;
+    char		scanname[MAX_PATH+3];
+    WCHAR		wscanname[sizeof(scanname)];
+    WIN32_FIND_DATAW	wFindData;
+    char		buffer[MAX_PATH*2];
+    BOOL		use_default;
+
+    len = strlen(filename);
+    if (len == 0) {
+	errno = ENOENT;
+	return NULL;
+    }
+    if (len > MAX_PATH) {
+	errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+	return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* Get us a DIR structure */
+    Newxz(dirp, 1, DIR);
+
+    /* Create the search pattern */
+    strcpy(scanname, filename);
+
+    /* bare drive name means look in cwd for drive */
+    if (len == 2 && isALPHA(scanname[0]) && scanname[1] == ':') {
+	scanname[len++] = '.';
+	scanname[len++] = '/';
+    }
+    else if (scanname[len-1] != '/' && scanname[len-1] != '\\') {
+	scanname[len++] = '/';
+    }
+    scanname[len++] = '*';
+    scanname[len] = '\0';
+
+    /* do the FindFirstFile call */
+    MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, scanname, -1, wscanname, sizeof(wscanname)/sizeof(WCHAR));
+    aTHXa(PERL_GET_THX);
+    dirp->handle = FindFirstFileW(PerlDir_mapW(wscanname), &wFindData);
+
+    if (dirp->handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+	DWORD err = GetLastError();
+	/* FindFirstFile() fails on empty drives! */
+	switch (err) {
+	case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND:
+	    return dirp;
+	case ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES:
+	case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND:
+	    errno = ENOENT;
+	    break;
+	case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:
+	    errno = ENOMEM;
+	    break;
+	default:
+	    errno = EINVAL;
+	    break;
+	}
+	Safefree(dirp);
+	return NULL;
+    }
+
+    use_default = FALSE;
+    WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS,
+                        wFindData.cFileName, -1,
+                        buffer, sizeof(buffer), NULL, &use_default);
+    if (use_default && *wFindData.cAlternateFileName) {
+        WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS,
+                            wFindData.cAlternateFileName, -1,
+                            buffer, sizeof(buffer), NULL, NULL);
+    }
+
+    /* now allocate the first part of the string table for
+     * the filenames that we find.
+     */
+    idx = strlen(buffer)+1;
+    if (idx < 256)
+	dirp->size = 256;
+    else
+	dirp->size = idx;
+    Newx(dirp->start, dirp->size, char);
+    strcpy(dirp->start, buffer);
+    dirp->nfiles++;
+    dirp->end = dirp->curr = dirp->start;
+    dirp->end += idx;
+    return dirp;
+}
+
+
+/* Readdir just returns the current string pointer and bumps the
+ * string pointer to the nDllExport entry.
+ */
+DllExport struct direct *
+win32_readdir(DIR *dirp)
+{
+    long         len;
+
+    if (dirp->curr) {
+	/* first set up the structure to return */
+	len = strlen(dirp->curr);
+	strcpy(dirp->dirstr.d_name, dirp->curr);
+	dirp->dirstr.d_namlen = len;
+
+	/* Fake an inode */
+	dirp->dirstr.d_ino = dirp->curr - dirp->start;
+
+	/* Now set up for the next call to readdir */
+	dirp->curr += len + 1;
+	if (dirp->curr >= dirp->end) {
+	    BOOL res;
+	    char buffer[MAX_PATH*2];
+
+            if (dirp->handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                res = 0;
+            }
+	    /* finding the next file that matches the wildcard
+	     * (which should be all of them in this directory!).
+	     */
+	    else {
+                WIN32_FIND_DATAW wFindData;
+		res = FindNextFileW(dirp->handle, &wFindData);
+		if (res) {
+                    BOOL use_default = FALSE;
+                    WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS,
+                                        wFindData.cFileName, -1,
+                                        buffer, sizeof(buffer), NULL, &use_default);
+                    if (use_default && *wFindData.cAlternateFileName) {
+                        WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS,
+                                            wFindData.cAlternateFileName, -1,
+                                            buffer, sizeof(buffer), NULL, NULL);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+	    if (res) {
+		long endpos = dirp->end - dirp->start;
+		long newsize = endpos + strlen(buffer) + 1;
+		/* bump the string table size by enough for the
+		 * new name and its null terminator */
+		while (newsize > dirp->size) {
+		    long curpos = dirp->curr - dirp->start;
+		    dirp->size *= 2;
+		    Renew(dirp->start, dirp->size, char);
+		    dirp->curr = dirp->start + curpos;
+		}
+		strcpy(dirp->start + endpos, buffer);
+		dirp->end = dirp->start + newsize;
+		dirp->nfiles++;
+	    }
+	    else {
+		dirp->curr = NULL;
+                if (dirp->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                    FindClose(dirp->handle);
+                    dirp->handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+                }
+            }
+	}
+	return &(dirp->dirstr);
+    }
+    else
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Telldir returns the current string pointer position */
+DllExport long
+win32_telldir(DIR *dirp)
+{
+    return dirp->curr ? (dirp->curr - dirp->start) : -1;
+}
+
+
+/* Seekdir moves the string pointer to a previously saved position
+ * (returned by telldir).
+ */
+DllExport void
+win32_seekdir(DIR *dirp, long loc)
+{
+    dirp->curr = loc == -1 ? NULL : dirp->start + loc;
+}
+
+/* Rewinddir resets the string pointer to the start */
+DllExport void
+win32_rewinddir(DIR *dirp)
+{
+    dirp->curr = dirp->start;
+}
+
+/* free the memory allocated by opendir */
+DllExport int
+win32_closedir(DIR *dirp)
+{
+    if (dirp->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+	FindClose(dirp->handle);
+    Safefree(dirp->start);
+    Safefree(dirp);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/* duplicate a open DIR* for interpreter cloning */
+DllExport DIR *
+win32_dirp_dup(DIR *const dirp, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
+{
+    dVAR;
+    PerlInterpreter *const from = param->proto_perl;
+    PerlInterpreter *const to   = (PerlInterpreter *)PERL_GET_THX;
+
+    long pos;
+    DIR *dup;
+
+    /* switch back to original interpreter because win32_readdir()
+     * might Renew(dirp->start).
+     */
+    if (from != to) {
+        PERL_SET_THX(from);
+    }
+
+    /* mark current position; read all remaining entries into the
+     * cache, and then restore to current position.
+     */
+    pos = win32_telldir(dirp);
+    while (win32_readdir(dirp)) {
+        /* read all entries into cache */
+    }
+    win32_seekdir(dirp, pos);
+
+    /* switch back to new interpreter to allocate new DIR structure */
+    if (from != to) {
+        PERL_SET_THX(to);
+    }
+
+    Newx(dup, 1, DIR);
+    memcpy(dup, dirp, sizeof(DIR));
+
+    Newx(dup->start, dirp->size, char);
+    memcpy(dup->start, dirp->start, dirp->size);
+
+    dup->end = dup->start + (dirp->end - dirp->start);
+    if (dirp->curr)
+        dup->curr = dup->start + (dirp->curr - dirp->start);
+
+    return dup;
+}
+
+/*
+ * various stubs
+ */
+
+
+/* Ownership
+ *
+ * Just pretend that everyone is a superuser. NT will let us know if
+ * we don\'t really have permission to do something.
+ */
+
+#define ROOT_UID    ((uid_t)0)
+#define ROOT_GID    ((gid_t)0)
+
+uid_t
+getuid(void)
+{
+    return ROOT_UID;
+}
+
+uid_t
+geteuid(void)
+{
+    return ROOT_UID;
+}
+
+gid_t
+getgid(void)
+{
+    return ROOT_GID;
+}
+
+gid_t
+getegid(void)
+{
+    return ROOT_GID;
+}
+
+int
+setuid(uid_t auid)
+{
+    return (auid == ROOT_UID ? 0 : -1);
+}
+
+int
+setgid(gid_t agid)
+{
+    return (agid == ROOT_GID ? 0 : -1);
+}
+
+EXTERN_C char *
+getlogin(void)
+{
+    dTHX;
+    char *buf = w32_getlogin_buffer;
+    DWORD size = sizeof(w32_getlogin_buffer);
+    if (GetUserName(buf,&size))
+	return buf;
+    return (char*)NULL;
+}
+
+int
+chown(const char *path, uid_t owner, gid_t group)
+{
+    /* XXX noop */
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * XXX this needs strengthening  (for PerlIO)
+ *   -- BKS, 11-11-200
+*/
+#if !defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR) || __MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR < 4
+int mkstemp(const char *path)
+{
+    dTHX;
+    char buf[MAX_PATH+1];
+    int i = 0, fd = -1;
+
+retry:
+    if (i++ > 10) { /* give up */
+	errno = ENOENT;
+	return -1;
+    }
+    if (!GetTempFileNameA((LPCSTR)path, "plr", 1, buf)) {
+	errno = ENOENT;
+	return -1;
+    }
+    fd = PerlLIO_open3(buf, O_CREAT|O_RDWR|O_EXCL, 0600);
+    if (fd == -1)
+	goto retry;
+    return fd;
+}
+#endif
+
+static long
+find_pid(pTHX_ int pid)
+{
+    long child = w32_num_children;
+    while (--child >= 0) {
+	if ((int)w32_child_pids[child] == pid)
+	    return child;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static void
+remove_dead_process(long child)
+{
+    if (child >= 0) {
+	dTHX;
+	CloseHandle(w32_child_handles[child]);
+	Move(&w32_child_handles[child+1], &w32_child_handles[child],
+	     (w32_num_children-child-1), HANDLE);
+	Move(&w32_child_pids[child+1], &w32_child_pids[child],
+	     (w32_num_children-child-1), DWORD);
+	w32_num_children--;
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+static long
+find_pseudo_pid(pTHX_ int pid)
+{
+    long child = w32_num_pseudo_children;
+    while (--child >= 0) {
+	if ((int)w32_pseudo_child_pids[child] == pid)
+	    return child;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static void
+remove_dead_pseudo_process(long child)
+{
+    if (child >= 0) {
+	dTHX;
+	CloseHandle(w32_pseudo_child_handles[child]);
+	Move(&w32_pseudo_child_handles[child+1], &w32_pseudo_child_handles[child],
+	     (w32_num_pseudo_children-child-1), HANDLE);
+	Move(&w32_pseudo_child_pids[child+1], &w32_pseudo_child_pids[child],
+	     (w32_num_pseudo_children-child-1), DWORD);
+	Move(&w32_pseudo_child_message_hwnds[child+1], &w32_pseudo_child_message_hwnds[child],
+	     (w32_num_pseudo_children-child-1), HWND);
+	Move(&w32_pseudo_child_sigterm[child+1], &w32_pseudo_child_sigterm[child],
+	     (w32_num_pseudo_children-child-1), char);
+	w32_num_pseudo_children--;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+win32_wait_for_children(pTHX)
+{
+    if (w32_pseudo_children && w32_num_pseudo_children) {
+        long child = 0;
+        long count = 0;
+        HANDLE handles[MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS];
+
+        for (child = 0; child < w32_num_pseudo_children; ++child) {
+            if (!w32_pseudo_child_sigterm[child])
+                handles[count++] = w32_pseudo_child_handles[child];
+        }
+        /* XXX should use MsgWaitForMultipleObjects() to continue
+         * XXX processing messages while we wait.
+         */
+        WaitForMultipleObjects(count, handles, TRUE, INFINITE);
+
+        while (w32_num_pseudo_children)
+            CloseHandle(w32_pseudo_child_handles[--w32_num_pseudo_children]);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+static int
+terminate_process(DWORD pid, HANDLE process_handle, int sig)
+{
+    switch(sig) {
+    case 0:
+        /* "Does process exist?" use of kill */
+        return 1;
+    case 2:
+        if (GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent(CTRL_C_EVENT, pid))
+            return 1;
+        break;
+    case SIGBREAK:
+    case SIGTERM:
+        if (GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent(CTRL_BREAK_EVENT, pid))
+            return 1;
+        break;
+    default: /* For now be backwards compatible with perl 5.6 */
+    case 9:
+        /* Note that we will only be able to kill processes owned by the
+         * current process owner, even when we are running as an administrator.
+         * To kill processes of other owners we would need to set the
+         * 'SeDebugPrivilege' privilege before obtaining the process handle.
+         */
+        if (TerminateProcess(process_handle, sig))
+            return 1;
+        break;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* returns number of processes killed */
+static int
+my_killpg(int pid, int sig)
+{
+    HANDLE process_handle;
+    HANDLE snapshot_handle;
+    int killed = 0;
+
+    process_handle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_TERMINATE, FALSE, pid);
+    if (process_handle == NULL)
+        return 0;
+
+    killed += terminate_process(pid, process_handle, sig);
+
+    snapshot_handle = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
+    if (snapshot_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        PROCESSENTRY32 entry;
+
+        entry.dwSize = sizeof(entry);
+        if (Process32First(snapshot_handle, &entry)) {
+            do {
+                if (entry.th32ParentProcessID == (DWORD)pid)
+                    killed += my_killpg(entry.th32ProcessID, sig);
+                entry.dwSize = sizeof(entry);
+            }
+            while (Process32Next(snapshot_handle, &entry));
+        }
+        CloseHandle(snapshot_handle);
+    }
+    CloseHandle(process_handle);
+    return killed;
+}
+
+/* returns number of processes killed */
+static int
+my_kill(int pid, int sig)
+{
+    int retval = 0;
+    HANDLE process_handle;
+
+    if (sig < 0)
+        return my_killpg(pid, -sig);
+
+    process_handle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_TERMINATE, FALSE, pid);
+    /* OpenProcess() returns NULL on error, *not* INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE */
+    if (process_handle != NULL) {
+        retval = terminate_process(pid, process_handle, sig);
+        CloseHandle(process_handle);
+    }
+    return retval;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+/* Get a child pseudo-process HWND, with retrying and delaying/yielding.
+ * The "tries" parameter is the number of retries to make, with a Sleep(1)
+ * (waiting and yielding the time slot) between each try. Specifying 0 causes
+ * only Sleep(0) (no waiting and potentially no yielding) to be used, so is not
+ * recommended
+ * Returns an hwnd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE (so be aware that NULL can be
+ * returned) or croaks if the child pseudo-process doesn't schedule and deliver
+ * a HWND in the time period allowed.
+ */
+static HWND
+get_hwnd_delay(pTHX, long child, DWORD tries)
+{
+    HWND hwnd = w32_pseudo_child_message_hwnds[child];
+    if (hwnd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return hwnd;
+
+    /* Pseudo-process has not yet properly initialized since hwnd isn't set.
+     * Fast sleep: On some NT kernels/systems, a Sleep(0) won't deschedule a
+     * thread 100% of the time since threads are attached to a CPU for NUMA and
+     * caching reasons, and the child thread was attached to a different CPU
+     * therefore there is no workload on that CPU and Sleep(0) returns control
+     * without yielding the time slot.
+     * https://rt.perl.org/rt3/Ticket/Display.html?id=88840
+     */
+    Sleep(0);
+    win32_async_check(aTHX);
+    hwnd = w32_pseudo_child_message_hwnds[child];
+    if (hwnd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return hwnd;
+
+    {
+	unsigned int count = 0;
+	/* No Sleep(1) if tries==0, just fail instead if we get this far. */
+	while (count++ < tries) {
+	    Sleep(1);
+	    win32_async_check(aTHX);
+	    hwnd = w32_pseudo_child_message_hwnds[child];
+	    if (hwnd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return hwnd;
+	}
+    }
+
+    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: child pseudo-process was never scheduled");
+}
+#endif
+
+DllExport int
+win32_kill(int pid, int sig)
+{
+    dTHX;
+    long child;
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+    if (pid < 0) {
+	/* it is a pseudo-forked child */
+	child = find_pseudo_pid(aTHX_ -pid);
+	if (child >= 0) {
+	    HANDLE hProcess = w32_pseudo_child_handles[child];
+	    switch (sig) {
+		case 0:
+		    /* "Does process exist?" use of kill */
+		    return 0;
+
+		case 9: {
+		    /* kill -9 style un-graceful exit */
+		    /* Do a wait to make sure child starts and isn't in DLL
+		     * Loader Lock */
+		    HWND hwnd = get_hwnd_delay(aTHX, child, 5);
+		    if (TerminateThread(hProcess, sig)) {
+			/* Allow the scheduler to finish cleaning up the other
+			 * thread.
+			 * Otherwise, if we ExitProcess() before another context
+			 * switch happens we will end up with a process exit
+			 * code of "sig" instead of our own exit status.
+			 * https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=66016#txn-908976
+			 */
+			Sleep(0);
+			remove_dead_pseudo_process(child);
+			return 0;
+		    }
+		    break;
+		}
+
+		default: {
+		    HWND hwnd = get_hwnd_delay(aTHX, child, 5);
+		    /* We fake signals to pseudo-processes using Win32
+		     * message queue. */
+		    if ((hwnd != NULL && PostMessage(hwnd, WM_USER_KILL, sig, 0)) ||
+			PostThreadMessage(-pid, WM_USER_KILL, sig, 0))
+		    {
+			/* Don't wait for child process to terminate after we send a
+			 * SIGTERM because the child may be blocked in a system call
+			 * and never receive the signal.
+			 */
+			if (sig == SIGTERM) {
+			    Sleep(0);
+			    w32_pseudo_child_sigterm[child] = 1;
+			}
+			/* It might be us ... */
+			PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();
+			return 0;
+		    }
+		    break;
+		}
+	    } /* switch */
+	}
+    }
+    else
+#endif
+    {
+	child = find_pid(aTHX_ pid);
+	if (child >= 0) {
+            if (my_kill(pid, sig)) {
+                DWORD exitcode = 0;
+                if (GetExitCodeProcess(w32_child_handles[child], &exitcode) &&
+                    exitcode != STILL_ACTIVE)
+                {
+                    remove_dead_process(child);
+                }
+                return 0;
+            }
+	}
+	else {
+            if (my_kill(pid, sig))
+                return 0;
+	}
+    }
+    errno = EINVAL;
+    return -1;
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_stat(const char *path, Stat_t *sbuf)
+{
+    char	buffer[MAX_PATH+1];
+    int		l = strlen(path);
+    dTHX;
+    int		res;
+    int         nlink = 1;
+    BOOL        expect_dir = FALSE;
+
+    GV          *gv_sloppy = gv_fetchpvs("\027IN32_SLOPPY_STAT",
+                                         GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV);
+    BOOL        sloppy = gv_sloppy && SvTRUE(GvSV(gv_sloppy));
+
+    if (l > 1) {
+	switch(path[l - 1]) {
+	/* FindFirstFile() and stat() are buggy with a trailing
+	 * slashes, except for the root directory of a drive */
+	case '\\':
+        case '/':
+	    if (l > sizeof(buffer)) {
+		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+		return -1;
+	    }
+            --l;
+            strncpy(buffer, path, l);
+            /* remove additional trailing slashes */
+            while (l > 1 && (buffer[l-1] == '/' || buffer[l-1] == '\\'))
+                --l;
+            /* add back slash if we otherwise end up with just a drive letter */
+            if (l == 2 && isALPHA(buffer[0]) && buffer[1] == ':')
+                buffer[l++] = '\\';
+            buffer[l] = '\0';
+            path = buffer;
+            expect_dir = TRUE;
+	    break;
+
+	/* FindFirstFile() is buggy with "x:", so add a dot :-( */
+	case ':':
+	    if (l == 2 && isALPHA(path[0])) {
+		buffer[0] = path[0];
+		buffer[1] = ':';
+		buffer[2] = '.';
+		buffer[3] = '\0';
+		l = 3;
+		path = buffer;
+	    }
+	    break;
+	}
+    }
+
+    path = PerlDir_mapA(path);
+    l = strlen(path);
+
+    if (!sloppy) {
+        /* We must open & close the file once; otherwise file attribute changes  */
+        /* might not yet have propagated to "other" hard links of the same file. */
+        /* This also gives us an opportunity to determine the number of links.   */
+        HANDLE handle = CreateFileA(path, 0, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
+        if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+            BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION bhi;
+            if (GetFileInformationByHandle(handle, &bhi))
+                nlink = bhi.nNumberOfLinks;
+            CloseHandle(handle);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* path will be mapped correctly above */
+#if defined(WIN64) || defined(USE_LARGE_FILES)
+    res = _stati64(path, sbuf);
+#else
+    res = stat(path, sbuf);
+#endif
+    sbuf->st_nlink = nlink;
+
+    if (res < 0) {
+	/* CRT is buggy on sharenames, so make sure it really isn't.
+	 * XXX using GetFileAttributesEx() will enable us to set
+	 * sbuf->st_*time (but note that's not available on the
+	 * Windows of 1995) */
+	DWORD r = GetFileAttributesA(path);
+	if (r != 0xffffffff && (r & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)) {
+	    /* sbuf may still contain old garbage since stat() failed */
+	    Zero(sbuf, 1, Stat_t);
+	    sbuf->st_mode = S_IFDIR | S_IREAD;
+	    errno = 0;
+	    if (!(r & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY))
+		sbuf->st_mode |= S_IWRITE | S_IEXEC;
+	    return 0;
+	}
+    }
+    else {
+	if (l == 3 && isALPHA(path[0]) && path[1] == ':'
+	    && (path[2] == '\\' || path[2] == '/'))
+	{
+	    /* The drive can be inaccessible, some _stat()s are buggy */
+	    if (!GetVolumeInformationA(path,NULL,0,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0)) {
+		errno = ENOENT;
+		return -1;
+	    }
+	}
+        if (expect_dir && !S_ISDIR(sbuf->st_mode)) {
+            errno = ENOTDIR;
+            return -1;
+        }
+	if (S_ISDIR(sbuf->st_mode)) {
+	    /* Ensure the "write" bit is switched off in the mode for
+	     * directories with the read-only attribute set. Some compilers
+	     * switch it on for directories, which is technically correct
+	     * (directories are indeed always writable unless denied by DACLs),
+	     * but we want stat() and -w to reflect the state of the read-only
+	     * attribute for symmetry with chmod(). */
+	    DWORD r = GetFileAttributesA(path);
+	    if (r != 0xffffffff && (r & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
+		sbuf->st_mode &= ~S_IWRITE;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+#define isSLASH(c) ((c) == '/' || (c) == '\\')
+#define SKIP_SLASHES(s) \
+    STMT_START {				\
+	while (*(s) && isSLASH(*(s)))		\
+	    ++(s);				\
+    } STMT_END
+#define COPY_NONSLASHES(d,s) \
+    STMT_START {				\
+	while (*(s) && !isSLASH(*(s)))		\
+	    *(d)++ = *(s)++;			\
+    } STMT_END
+
+/* Find the longname of a given path.  path is destructively modified.
+ * It should have space for at least MAX_PATH characters. */
+DllExport char *
+win32_longpath(char *path)
+{
+    WIN32_FIND_DATA fdata;
+    HANDLE fhand;
+    char tmpbuf[MAX_PATH+1];
+    char *tmpstart = tmpbuf;
+    char *start = path;
+    char sep;
+    if (!path)
+	return NULL;
+
+    /* drive prefix */
+    if (isALPHA(path[0]) && path[1] == ':') {
+	start = path + 2;
+	*tmpstart++ = path[0];
+	*tmpstart++ = ':';
+    }
+    /* UNC prefix */
+    else if (isSLASH(path[0]) && isSLASH(path[1])) {
+	start = path + 2;
+	*tmpstart++ = path[0];
+	*tmpstart++ = path[1];
+	SKIP_SLASHES(start);
+	COPY_NONSLASHES(tmpstart,start);	/* copy machine name */
+	if (*start) {
+	    *tmpstart++ = *start++;
+	    SKIP_SLASHES(start);
+	    COPY_NONSLASHES(tmpstart,start);	/* copy share name */
+	}
+    }
+    *tmpstart = '\0';
+    while (*start) {
+	/* copy initial slash, if any */
+	if (isSLASH(*start)) {
+	    *tmpstart++ = *start++;
+	    *tmpstart = '\0';
+	    SKIP_SLASHES(start);
+	}
+
+	/* FindFirstFile() expands "." and "..", so we need to pass
+	 * those through unmolested */
+	if (*start == '.'
+	    && (!start[1] || isSLASH(start[1])
+		|| (start[1] == '.' && (!start[2] || isSLASH(start[2])))))
+	{
+	    COPY_NONSLASHES(tmpstart,start);	/* copy "." or ".." */
+	    *tmpstart = '\0';
+	    continue;
+	}
+
+	/* if this is the end, bust outta here */
+	if (!*start)
+	    break;
+
+	/* now we're at a non-slash; walk up to next slash */
+	while (*start && !isSLASH(*start))
+	    ++start;
+
+	/* stop and find full name of component */
+	sep = *start;
+	*start = '\0';
+	fhand = FindFirstFile(path,&fdata);
+	*start = sep;
+	if (fhand != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+	    STRLEN len = strlen(fdata.cFileName);
+	    if ((STRLEN)(tmpbuf + sizeof(tmpbuf) - tmpstart) > len) {
+		strcpy(tmpstart, fdata.cFileName);
+		tmpstart += len;
+		FindClose(fhand);
+	    }
+	    else {
+		FindClose(fhand);
+		errno = ERANGE;
+		return NULL;
+	    }
+	}
+	else {
+	    /* failed a step, just return without side effects */
+	    /*PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Failed to find %s\n", path);*/
+	    errno = EINVAL;
+	    return NULL;
+	}
+    }
+    strcpy(path,tmpbuf);
+    return path;
+}
+
+static void
+out_of_memory(void)
+{
+    if (PL_curinterp)
+	croak_no_mem();
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+void
+win32_croak_not_implemented(const char * fname)
+{
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WIN32_CROAK_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
+
+    Perl_croak_nocontext("%s not implemented!\n", fname);
+}
+
+/* Converts a wide character (UTF-16) string to the Windows ANSI code page,
+ * potentially using the system's default replacement character for any
+ * unrepresentable characters. The caller must free() the returned string. */
+static char*
+wstr_to_str(const wchar_t* wstr)
+{
+    BOOL used_default = FALSE;
+    size_t wlen = wcslen(wstr) + 1;
+    int len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS, wstr, wlen,
+                                   NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+    char* str = (char*)malloc(len);
+    if (!str)
+        out_of_memory();
+    WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS, wstr, wlen,
+                        str, len, NULL, &used_default);
+    return str;
+}
+
+/* The win32_ansipath() function takes a Unicode filename and converts it
+ * into the current Windows codepage. If some characters cannot be mapped,
+ * then it will convert the short name instead.
+ *
+ * The buffer to the ansi pathname must be freed with win32_free() when it
+ * it no longer needed.
+ *
+ * The argument to win32_ansipath() must exist before this function is
+ * called; otherwise there is no way to determine the short path name.
+ *
+ * Ideas for future refinement:
+ * - Only convert those segments of the path that are not in the current
+ *   codepage, but leave the other segments in their long form.
+ * - If the resulting name is longer than MAX_PATH, start converting
+ *   additional path segments into short names until the full name
+ *   is shorter than MAX_PATH.  Shorten the filename part last!
+ */
+DllExport char *
+win32_ansipath(const WCHAR *widename)
+{
+    char *name;
+    BOOL use_default = FALSE;
+    size_t widelen = wcslen(widename)+1;
+    int len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS, widename, widelen,
+                                  NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+    name = (char*)win32_malloc(len);
+    if (!name)
+        out_of_memory();
+
+    WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS, widename, widelen,
+                        name, len, NULL, &use_default);
+    if (use_default) {
+        DWORD shortlen = GetShortPathNameW(widename, NULL, 0);
+        if (shortlen) {
+            WCHAR *shortname = (WCHAR*)win32_malloc(shortlen*sizeof(WCHAR));
+            if (!shortname)
+                out_of_memory();
+            shortlen = GetShortPathNameW(widename, shortname, shortlen)+1;
+
+            len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS, shortname, shortlen,
+                                      NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+            name = (char*)win32_realloc(name, len);
+            if (!name)
+                out_of_memory();
+            WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS, shortname, shortlen,
+                                name, len, NULL, NULL);
+            win32_free(shortname);
+        }
+    }
+    return name;
+}
+
+/* the returned string must be freed with win32_freeenvironmentstrings which is
+ * implemented as a macro
+ * void win32_freeenvironmentstrings(void* block)
+ */
+DllExport char *
+win32_getenvironmentstrings(void)
+{
+    LPWSTR lpWStr, lpWTmp;
+    LPSTR lpStr, lpTmp;
+    DWORD env_len, wenvstrings_len = 0, aenvstrings_len = 0;
+
+    /* Get the process environment strings */
+    lpWTmp = lpWStr = (LPWSTR) GetEnvironmentStringsW();
+    for (wenvstrings_len = 1; *lpWTmp != '\0'; lpWTmp += env_len + 1) {
+        env_len = wcslen(lpWTmp);
+        /* calculate the size of the environment strings */
+        wenvstrings_len += env_len + 1;
+    }
+
+    /* Get the number of bytes required to store the ACP encoded string */
+    aenvstrings_len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS, 
+                                          lpWStr, wenvstrings_len, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+    lpTmp = lpStr = (char *)win32_calloc(aenvstrings_len, sizeof(char));
+    if(!lpTmp)
+        out_of_memory();
+
+    /* Convert the string from UTF-16 encoding to ACP encoding */
+    WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS, lpWStr, wenvstrings_len, lpStr, 
+                        aenvstrings_len, NULL, NULL);
+
+    FreeEnvironmentStringsW(lpWStr);
+
+    return(lpStr);
+}
+
+DllExport char *
+win32_getenv(const char *name)
+{
+    dTHX;
+    DWORD needlen;
+    SV *curitem = NULL;
+    DWORD last_err;
+
+    needlen = GetEnvironmentVariableA(name,NULL,0);
+    if (needlen != 0) {
+	curitem = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
+        do {
+            SvGROW(curitem, needlen+1);
+            needlen = GetEnvironmentVariableA(name,SvPVX(curitem),
+                                              needlen);
+        } while (needlen >= SvLEN(curitem));
+        SvCUR_set(curitem, needlen);
+    }
+    else {
+	last_err = GetLastError();
+	if (last_err == ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY) {
+	    /* It appears the variable is in the env, but the Win32 API
+	       doesn't have a canned way of getting it.  So we fall back to
+	       grabbing the whole env and pulling this value out if possible */
+	    char *envv = GetEnvironmentStrings();
+    	    char *cur = envv;
+    	    STRLEN len;
+    	    while (*cur) {
+		char *end = strchr(cur,'=');
+		if (end && end != cur) {
+		    *end = '\0';
+		    if (!strcmp(cur,name)) {
+			curitem = sv_2mortal(newSVpv(end+1,0));
+			*end = '=';
+			break;
+		    }
+	    	    *end = '=';
+	    	    cur = end + strlen(end+1)+2;
+		}
+		else if ((len = strlen(cur)))
+	    	    cur += len+1;
+    	    }
+    	    FreeEnvironmentStrings(envv);
+	}
+	else {
+	    /* last ditch: allow any environment variables that begin with 'PERL'
+	       to be obtained from the registry, if found there */
+	    if (strncmp(name, "PERL", 4) == 0)
+		(void)get_regstr(name, &curitem);
+	}
+    }
+    if (curitem && SvCUR(curitem))
+	return SvPVX(curitem);
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_putenv(const char *name)
+{
+    char* curitem;
+    char* val;
+    int relval = -1;
+
+    if (name) {
+        curitem = (char *) win32_malloc(strlen(name)+1);
+        strcpy(curitem, name);
+        val = strchr(curitem, '=');
+        if (val) {
+            /* The sane way to deal with the environment.
+             * Has these advantages over putenv() & co.:
+             *  * enables us to store a truly empty value in the
+             *    environment (like in UNIX).
+             *  * we don't have to deal with RTL globals, bugs and leaks
+             *    (specifically, see http://support.microsoft.com/kb/235601).
+             *  * Much faster.
+             * Why you may want to use the RTL environment handling
+             * (previously enabled by USE_WIN32_RTL_ENV):
+             *  * environ[] and RTL functions will not reflect changes,
+             *    which might be an issue if extensions want to access
+             *    the env. via RTL.  This cuts both ways, since RTL will
+             *    not see changes made by extensions that call the Win32
+             *    functions directly, either.
+             * GSAR 97-06-07
+             */
+            *val++ = '\0';
+            if (SetEnvironmentVariableA(curitem, *val ? val : NULL))
+                relval = 0;
+        }
+        win32_free(curitem);
+    }
+    return relval;
+}
+
+static long
+filetime_to_clock(PFILETIME ft)
+{
+    __int64 qw = ft->dwHighDateTime;
+    qw <<= 32;
+    qw |= ft->dwLowDateTime;
+    qw /= 10000;  /* File time ticks at 0.1uS, clock at 1mS */
+    return (long) qw;
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_times(struct tms *timebuf)
+{
+    FILETIME user;
+    FILETIME kernel;
+    FILETIME dummy;
+    clock_t process_time_so_far = clock();
+    if (GetProcessTimes(GetCurrentProcess(), &dummy, &dummy,
+                        &kernel,&user)) {
+	timebuf->tms_utime = filetime_to_clock(&user);
+	timebuf->tms_stime = filetime_to_clock(&kernel);
+	timebuf->tms_cutime = 0;
+	timebuf->tms_cstime = 0;
+    } else {
+        /* That failed - e.g. Win95 fallback to clock() */
+	timebuf->tms_utime = process_time_so_far;
+	timebuf->tms_stime = 0;
+	timebuf->tms_cutime = 0;
+	timebuf->tms_cstime = 0;
+    }
+    return process_time_so_far;
+}
+
+/* fix utime() so it works on directories in NT */
+static BOOL
+filetime_from_time(PFILETIME pFileTime, time_t Time)
+{
+    struct tm *pTM = localtime(&Time);
+    SYSTEMTIME SystemTime;
+    FILETIME LocalTime;
+
+    if (pTM == NULL)
+	return FALSE;
+
+    SystemTime.wYear   = pTM->tm_year + 1900;
+    SystemTime.wMonth  = pTM->tm_mon + 1;
+    SystemTime.wDay    = pTM->tm_mday;
+    SystemTime.wHour   = pTM->tm_hour;
+    SystemTime.wMinute = pTM->tm_min;
+    SystemTime.wSecond = pTM->tm_sec;
+    SystemTime.wMilliseconds = 0;
+
+    return SystemTimeToFileTime(&SystemTime, &LocalTime) &&
+           LocalFileTimeToFileTime(&LocalTime, pFileTime);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_unlink(const char *filename)
+{
+    dTHX;
+    int ret;
+    DWORD attrs;
+
+    filename = PerlDir_mapA(filename);
+    attrs = GetFileAttributesA(filename);
+    if (attrs == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+        errno = ENOENT;
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY) {
+        (void)SetFileAttributesA(filename, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY);
+        ret = unlink(filename);
+        if (ret == -1)
+            (void)SetFileAttributesA(filename, attrs);
+    }
+    else
+        ret = unlink(filename);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_utime(const char *filename, struct utimbuf *times)
+{
+    dTHX;
+    HANDLE handle;
+    FILETIME ftCreate;
+    FILETIME ftAccess;
+    FILETIME ftWrite;
+    struct utimbuf TimeBuffer;
+    int rc;
+
+    filename = PerlDir_mapA(filename);
+    rc = utime(filename, times);
+
+    /* EACCES: path specifies directory or readonly file */
+    if (rc == 0 || errno != EACCES)
+	return rc;
+
+    if (times == NULL) {
+	times = &TimeBuffer;
+	time(&times->actime);
+	times->modtime = times->actime;
+    }
+
+    /* This will (and should) still fail on readonly files */
+    handle = CreateFileA(filename, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
+                         FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_DELETE, NULL,
+                         OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, NULL);
+    if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+	return rc;
+
+    if (GetFileTime(handle, &ftCreate, &ftAccess, &ftWrite) &&
+	filetime_from_time(&ftAccess, times->actime) &&
+	filetime_from_time(&ftWrite, times->modtime) &&
+	SetFileTime(handle, &ftCreate, &ftAccess, &ftWrite))
+    {
+	rc = 0;
+    }
+
+    CloseHandle(handle);
+    return rc;
+}
+
+typedef union {
+    unsigned __int64	ft_i64;
+    FILETIME		ft_val;
+} FT_t;
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define Const64(x) x##LL
+#else
+#define Const64(x) x##i64
+#endif
+/* Number of 100 nanosecond units from 1/1/1601 to 1/1/1970 */
+#define EPOCH_BIAS  Const64(116444736000000000)
+
+/* NOTE: This does not compute the timezone info (doing so can be expensive,
+ * and appears to be unsupported even by glibc) */
+DllExport int
+win32_gettimeofday(struct timeval *tp, void *not_used)
+{
+    FT_t ft;
+
+    /* this returns time in 100-nanosecond units  (i.e. tens of usecs) */
+    GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft.ft_val);
+
+    /* seconds since epoch */
+    tp->tv_sec = (long)((ft.ft_i64 - EPOCH_BIAS) / Const64(10000000));
+
+    /* microseconds remaining */
+    tp->tv_usec = (long)((ft.ft_i64 / Const64(10)) % Const64(1000000));
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_uname(struct utsname *name)
+{
+    struct hostent *hep;
+    STRLEN nodemax = sizeof(name->nodename)-1;
+
+    /* sysname */
+    switch (g_osver.dwPlatformId) {
+    case VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_WINDOWS:
+        strcpy(name->sysname, "Windows");
+        break;
+    case VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT:
+        strcpy(name->sysname, "Windows NT");
+        break;
+    case VER_PLATFORM_WIN32s:
+        strcpy(name->sysname, "Win32s");
+        break;
+    default:
+        strcpy(name->sysname, "Win32 Unknown");
+        break;
+    }
+
+    /* release */
+    sprintf(name->release, "%d.%d",
+            g_osver.dwMajorVersion, g_osver.dwMinorVersion);
+
+    /* version */
+    sprintf(name->version, "Build %d",
+            g_osver.dwPlatformId == VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT
+            ? g_osver.dwBuildNumber : (g_osver.dwBuildNumber & 0xffff));
+    if (g_osver.szCSDVersion[0]) {
+        char *buf = name->version + strlen(name->version);
+        sprintf(buf, " (%s)", g_osver.szCSDVersion);
+    }
+
+    /* nodename */
+    hep = win32_gethostbyname("localhost");
+    if (hep) {
+	STRLEN len = strlen(hep->h_name);
+	if (len <= nodemax) {
+	    strcpy(name->nodename, hep->h_name);
+	}
+	else {
+	    strncpy(name->nodename, hep->h_name, nodemax);
+	    name->nodename[nodemax] = '\0';
+	}
+    }
+    else {
+	DWORD sz = nodemax;
+	if (!GetComputerName(name->nodename, &sz))
+	    *name->nodename = '\0';
+    }
+
+    /* machine (architecture) */
+    {
+	SYSTEM_INFO info;
+	DWORD procarch;
+	char *arch;
+	GetSystemInfo(&info);
+
+#if (defined(__MINGW32__) && !defined(_ANONYMOUS_UNION) && !defined(__MINGW_EXTENSION))
+	procarch = info.u.s.wProcessorArchitecture;
+#else
+	procarch = info.wProcessorArchitecture;
+#endif
+	switch (procarch) {
+	case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL:
+	    arch = "x86"; break;
+	case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_IA64:
+	    arch = "ia64"; break;
+	case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64:
+	    arch = "amd64"; break;
+	case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_UNKNOWN:
+	    arch = "unknown"; break;
+	default:
+	    sprintf(name->machine, "unknown(0x%x)", procarch);
+	    arch = name->machine;
+	    break;
+	}
+	if (name->machine != arch)
+	    strcpy(name->machine, arch);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Timing related stuff */
+
+int
+do_raise(pTHX_ int sig) 
+{
+    if (sig < SIG_SIZE) {
+	Sighandler_t handler = w32_sighandler[sig];
+	if (handler == SIG_IGN) {
+	    return 0;
+	}
+	else if (handler != SIG_DFL) {
+	    (*handler)(sig);
+	    return 0;
+	}
+	else {
+	    /* Choose correct default behaviour */
+	    switch (sig) {
+#ifdef SIGCLD
+		case SIGCLD:
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGCHLD
+		case SIGCHLD:
+#endif
+		case 0:
+		    return 0;
+		case SIGTERM:
+		default:
+		    break;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    /* Tell caller to exit thread/process as appropriate */
+    return 1;
+}
+
+void
+sig_terminate(pTHX_ int sig)
+{
+    Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Terminating on signal SIG%s(%d)\n",PL_sig_name[sig], sig);
+    /* exit() seems to be safe, my_exit() or die() is a problem in ^C 
+       thread 
+     */
+    exit(sig);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_async_check(pTHX)
+{
+    MSG msg;
+    HWND hwnd = w32_message_hwnd;
+
+    /* Reset w32_poll_count before doing anything else, incase we dispatch
+     * messages that end up calling back into perl */
+    w32_poll_count = 0;
+
+    if (hwnd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        /* Passing PeekMessage -1 as HWND (2nd arg) only gets PostThreadMessage() messages
+        * and ignores window messages - should co-exist better with windows apps e.g. Tk
+        */
+        if (hwnd == NULL)
+            hwnd = (HWND)-1;
+
+        while (PeekMessage(&msg, hwnd, WM_TIMER,    WM_TIMER,    PM_REMOVE|PM_NOYIELD) ||
+               PeekMessage(&msg, hwnd, WM_USER_MIN, WM_USER_MAX, PM_REMOVE|PM_NOYIELD))
+        {
+            /* re-post a WM_QUIT message (we'll mark it as read later) */
+            if(msg.message == WM_QUIT) {
+                PostQuitMessage((int)msg.wParam);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if(!CallMsgFilter(&msg, MSGF_USER))
+            {
+                TranslateMessage(&msg);
+                DispatchMessage(&msg);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Call PeekMessage() to mark all pending messages in the queue as "old".
+     * This is necessary when we are being called by win32_msgwait() to
+     * make sure MsgWaitForMultipleObjects() stops reporting the same waiting
+     * message over and over.  An example how this can happen is when
+     * Perl is calling win32_waitpid() inside a GUI application and the GUI
+     * is generating messages before the process terminated.
+     */
+    PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_NOREMOVE|PM_NOYIELD);
+
+    /* Above or other stuff may have set a signal flag */
+    if (PL_sig_pending)
+        despatch_signals();
+    
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/* This function will not return until the timeout has elapsed, or until
+ * one of the handles is ready. */
+DllExport DWORD
+win32_msgwait(pTHX_ DWORD count, LPHANDLE handles, DWORD timeout, LPDWORD resultp)
+{
+    /* We may need several goes at this - so compute when we stop */
+    FT_t ticks = {0};
+    unsigned __int64 endtime = timeout;
+    if (timeout != INFINITE) {
+	GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ticks.ft_val);
+	ticks.ft_i64 /= 10000;
+	endtime += ticks.ft_i64;
+    }
+    /* This was a race condition. Do not let a non INFINITE timeout to
+     * MsgWaitForMultipleObjects roll under 0 creating a near
+     * infinity/~(UINT32)0 timeout which will appear as a deadlock to the
+     * user who did a CORE perl function with a non infinity timeout,
+     * sleep for example.  This is 64 to 32 truncation minefield.
+     *
+     * This scenario can only be created if the timespan from the return of
+     * MsgWaitForMultipleObjects to GetSystemTimeAsFileTime exceeds 1 ms. To
+     * generate the scenario, manual breakpoints in a C debugger are required,
+     * or a context switch occurred in win32_async_check in PeekMessage, or random
+     * messages are delivered to the *thread* message queue of the Perl thread
+     * from another process (msctf.dll doing IPC among its instances, VS debugger
+     * causes msctf.dll to be loaded into Perl by kernel), see [perl #33096].
+     */
+    while (ticks.ft_i64 <= endtime) {
+	/* if timeout's type is lengthened, remember to split 64b timeout
+	 * into multiple non-infinity runs of MWFMO */
+	DWORD result = MsgWaitForMultipleObjects(count, handles, FALSE,
+						(DWORD)(endtime - ticks.ft_i64),
+						QS_POSTMESSAGE|QS_TIMER|QS_SENDMESSAGE);
+	if (resultp)
+	   *resultp = result;
+	if (result == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
+	    /* Ran out of time - explicit return of zero to avoid -ve if we
+	       have scheduling issues
+             */
+	    return 0;
+	}
+	if (timeout != INFINITE) {
+	    GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ticks.ft_val);
+	    ticks.ft_i64 /= 10000;
+	}
+	if (result == WAIT_OBJECT_0 + count) {
+	    /* Message has arrived - check it */
+	    (void)win32_async_check(aTHX);
+	}
+	else {
+	   /* Not timeout or message - one of handles is ready */
+	   break;
+	}
+    }
+    /* If we are past the end say zero */
+    if (!ticks.ft_i64 || ticks.ft_i64 > endtime)
+	return 0;
+    /* compute time left to wait */
+    ticks.ft_i64 = endtime - ticks.ft_i64;
+    /* if more ms than DWORD, then return max DWORD */
+    return ticks.ft_i64 <= UINT_MAX ? (DWORD)ticks.ft_i64 : UINT_MAX;
+}
+
+int
+win32_internal_wait(pTHX_ int *status, DWORD timeout)
+{
+    /* XXX this wait emulation only knows about processes
+     * spawned via win32_spawnvp(P_NOWAIT, ...).
+     */
+    int i, retval;
+    DWORD exitcode, waitcode;
+
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+    if (w32_num_pseudo_children) {
+	win32_msgwait(aTHX_ w32_num_pseudo_children, w32_pseudo_child_handles,
+		      timeout, &waitcode);
+        /* Time out here if there are no other children to wait for. */
+	if (waitcode == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
+	    if (!w32_num_children) {
+		return 0;
+	    }
+	}
+	else if (waitcode != WAIT_FAILED) {
+	    if (waitcode >= WAIT_ABANDONED_0
+		&& waitcode < WAIT_ABANDONED_0 + w32_num_pseudo_children)
+		i = waitcode - WAIT_ABANDONED_0;
+	    else
+		i = waitcode - WAIT_OBJECT_0;
+	    if (GetExitCodeThread(w32_pseudo_child_handles[i], &exitcode)) {
+		*status = (int)((exitcode & 0xff) << 8);
+		retval = (int)w32_pseudo_child_pids[i];
+		remove_dead_pseudo_process(i);
+		return -retval;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (!w32_num_children) {
+	errno = ECHILD;
+	return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* if a child exists, wait for it to die */
+    win32_msgwait(aTHX_ w32_num_children, w32_child_handles, timeout, &waitcode);
+    if (waitcode == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
+	return 0;
+    }
+    if (waitcode != WAIT_FAILED) {
+	if (waitcode >= WAIT_ABANDONED_0
+	    && waitcode < WAIT_ABANDONED_0 + w32_num_children)
+	    i = waitcode - WAIT_ABANDONED_0;
+	else
+	    i = waitcode - WAIT_OBJECT_0;
+	if (GetExitCodeProcess(w32_child_handles[i], &exitcode) ) {
+	    *status = (int)((exitcode & 0xff) << 8);
+	    retval = (int)w32_child_pids[i];
+	    remove_dead_process(i);
+	    return retval;
+	}
+    }
+
+    errno = GetLastError();
+    return -1;
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_waitpid(int pid, int *status, int flags)
+{
+    dTHX;
+    DWORD timeout = (flags & WNOHANG) ? 0 : INFINITE;
+    int retval = -1;
+    long child;
+    if (pid == -1)				/* XXX threadid == 1 ? */
+	return win32_internal_wait(aTHX_ status, timeout);
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+    else if (pid < 0) {
+	child = find_pseudo_pid(aTHX_ -pid);
+	if (child >= 0) {
+	    HANDLE hThread = w32_pseudo_child_handles[child];
+	    DWORD waitcode;
+	    win32_msgwait(aTHX_ 1, &hThread, timeout, &waitcode);
+	    if (waitcode == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
+		return 0;
+	    }
+	    else if (waitcode == WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
+		if (GetExitCodeThread(hThread, &waitcode)) {
+		    *status = (int)((waitcode & 0xff) << 8);
+		    retval = (int)w32_pseudo_child_pids[child];
+		    remove_dead_pseudo_process(child);
+		    return -retval;
+		}
+	    }
+	    else
+		errno = ECHILD;
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+    else {
+	HANDLE hProcess;
+	DWORD waitcode;
+	child = find_pid(aTHX_ pid);
+	if (child >= 0) {
+	    hProcess = w32_child_handles[child];
+	    win32_msgwait(aTHX_ 1, &hProcess, timeout, &waitcode);
+	    if (waitcode == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
+		return 0;
+	    }
+	    else if (waitcode == WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
+		if (GetExitCodeProcess(hProcess, &waitcode)) {
+		    *status = (int)((waitcode & 0xff) << 8);
+		    retval = (int)w32_child_pids[child];
+		    remove_dead_process(child);
+		    return retval;
+		}
+	    }
+	    else
+		errno = ECHILD;
+	}
+	else {
+	    hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, TRUE, pid);
+	    if (hProcess) {
+		win32_msgwait(aTHX_ 1, &hProcess, timeout, &waitcode);
+		if (waitcode == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
+                    CloseHandle(hProcess);
+		    return 0;
+		}
+		else if (waitcode == WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
+		    if (GetExitCodeProcess(hProcess, &waitcode)) {
+			*status = (int)((waitcode & 0xff) << 8);
+			CloseHandle(hProcess);
+			return pid;
+		    }
+		}
+		CloseHandle(hProcess);
+	    }
+	    else
+		errno = ECHILD;
+	}
+    }
+    return retval >= 0 ? pid : retval;
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_wait(int *status)
+{
+    dTHX;
+    return win32_internal_wait(aTHX_ status, INFINITE);
+}
+
+DllExport unsigned int
+win32_sleep(unsigned int t)
+{
+    dTHX;
+    /* Win32 times are in ms so *1000 in and /1000 out */
+    if (t > UINT_MAX / 1000) {
+	Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_OVERFLOW),
+			"sleep(%lu) too large", t);
+    }
+    return win32_msgwait(aTHX_ 0, NULL, t * 1000, NULL) / 1000;
+}
+
+DllExport unsigned int
+win32_alarm(unsigned int sec)
+{
+    /*
+     * the 'obvious' implentation is SetTimer() with a callback
+     * which does whatever receiving SIGALRM would do
+     * we cannot use SIGALRM even via raise() as it is not
+     * one of the supported codes in <signal.h>
+     */
+    dTHX;
+
+    if (w32_message_hwnd == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+        w32_message_hwnd = win32_create_message_window();
+
+    if (sec) {
+        if (w32_message_hwnd == NULL)
+            w32_timerid = SetTimer(NULL, w32_timerid, sec*1000, NULL);
+        else {
+  	    w32_timerid = 1;
+            SetTimer(w32_message_hwnd, w32_timerid, sec*1000, NULL);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+    	if (w32_timerid) {
+            KillTimer(w32_message_hwnd, w32_timerid);
+  	    w32_timerid = 0;
+    	}
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+extern char *	des_fcrypt(const char *txt, const char *salt, char *cbuf);
+
+DllExport char *
+win32_crypt(const char *txt, const char *salt)
+{
+    dTHX;
+    return des_fcrypt(txt, salt, w32_crypt_buffer);
+}
+
+/* simulate flock by locking a range on the file */
+
+#define LK_LEN		0xffff0000
+
+DllExport int
+win32_flock(int fd, int oper)
+{
+    OVERLAPPED o;
+    int i = -1;
+    HANDLE fh;
+
+    fh = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
+    if (fh == (HANDLE)-1)  /* _get_osfhandle() already sets errno to EBADF */
+        return -1;
+
+    memset(&o, 0, sizeof(o));
+
+    switch(oper) {
+    case LOCK_SH:		/* shared lock */
+	if (LockFileEx(fh, 0, 0, LK_LEN, 0, &o))
+            i = 0;
+	break;
+    case LOCK_EX:		/* exclusive lock */
+	if (LockFileEx(fh, LOCKFILE_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK, 0, LK_LEN, 0, &o))
+            i = 0;
+	break;
+    case LOCK_SH|LOCK_NB:	/* non-blocking shared lock */
+	if (LockFileEx(fh, LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY, 0, LK_LEN, 0, &o))
+            i = 0;
+	break;
+    case LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB:	/* non-blocking exclusive lock */
+	if (LockFileEx(fh, LOCKFILE_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK|LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY,
+		       0, LK_LEN, 0, &o))
+            i = 0;
+	break;
+    case LOCK_UN:		/* unlock lock */
+	if (UnlockFileEx(fh, 0, LK_LEN, 0, &o))
+            i = 0;
+	break;
+    default:			/* unknown */
+	errno = EINVAL;
+	return -1;
+    }
+    if (i == -1) {
+        if (GetLastError() == ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION)
+            errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
+        else
+            errno = EINVAL;
+    }
+    return i;
+}
+
+#undef LK_LEN
+
+extern int convert_wsa_error_to_errno(int wsaerr); /* in win32sck.c */
+
+/* Get the errno value corresponding to the given err. This function is not
+ * intended to handle conversion of general GetLastError() codes. It only exists
+ * to translate Windows sockets error codes from WSAGetLastError(). Such codes
+ * used to be assigned to errno/$! in earlier versions of perl; this function is
+ * used to catch any old Perl code which is still trying to assign such values
+ * to $! and convert them to errno values instead.
+ */
+int
+win32_get_errno(int err)
+{
+    return convert_wsa_error_to_errno(err);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  redirected io subsystem for all XS modules
+ *
+ */
+
+DllExport int *
+win32_errno(void)
+{
+    return (&errno);
+}
+
+DllExport char ***
+win32_environ(void)
+{
+    return (&(_environ));
+}
+
+/* the rest are the remapped stdio routines */
+DllExport FILE *
+win32_stderr(void)
+{
+    return (stderr);
+}
+
+DllExport FILE *
+win32_stdin(void)
+{
+    return (stdin);
+}
+
+DllExport FILE *
+win32_stdout(void)
+{
+    return (stdout);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_ferror(FILE *fp)
+{
+    return (ferror(fp));
+}
+
+
+DllExport int
+win32_feof(FILE *fp)
+{
+    return (feof(fp));
+}
+
+#ifdef ERRNO_HAS_POSIX_SUPPLEMENT
+extern int convert_errno_to_wsa_error(int err); /* in win32sck.c */
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Since the errors returned by the socket error function
+ * WSAGetLastError() are not known by the library routine strerror
+ * we have to roll our own to cover the case of socket errors
+ * that could not be converted to regular errno values by
+ * get_last_socket_error() in win32/win32sck.c.
+ */
+
+DllExport char *
+win32_strerror(int e)
+{
+#if !defined __MINGW32__      /* compiler intolerance */
+    extern int sys_nerr;
+#endif
+
+    if (e < 0 || e > sys_nerr) {
+        dTHXa(NULL);
+	if (e < 0)
+	    e = GetLastError();
+#ifdef ERRNO_HAS_POSIX_SUPPLEMENT
+	/* VC10+ and some MinGW/gcc-4.8+ define a "POSIX supplement" of errno
+	 * values ranging from EADDRINUSE (100) to EWOULDBLOCK (140), but
+	 * sys_nerr is still 43 and strerror() returns "Unknown error" for them.
+	 * We must therefore still roll our own messages for these codes, and
+	 * additionally map them to corresponding Windows (sockets) error codes
+	 * first to avoid getting the wrong system message.
+	 */
+	else if (e >= EADDRINUSE && e <= EWOULDBLOCK) {
+	    e = convert_errno_to_wsa_error(e);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	aTHXa(PERL_GET_THX);
+	if (FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM
+                         |FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS, NULL, e, 0,
+			  w32_strerror_buffer, sizeof(w32_strerror_buffer),
+                          NULL) == 0)
+        {
+	    strcpy(w32_strerror_buffer, "Unknown Error");
+        }
+	return w32_strerror_buffer;
+    }
+#undef strerror
+    return strerror(e);
+#define strerror win32_strerror
+}
+
+DllExport void
+win32_str_os_error(void *sv, DWORD dwErr)
+{
+    DWORD dwLen;
+    char *sMsg;
+    dwLen = FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER
+			  |FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS
+			  |FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM, NULL,
+			   dwErr, 0, (char *)&sMsg, 1, NULL);
+    /* strip trailing whitespace and period */
+    if (0 < dwLen) {
+	do {
+	    --dwLen;	/* dwLen doesn't include trailing null */
+	} while (0 < dwLen && isSPACE(sMsg[dwLen]));
+	if ('.' != sMsg[dwLen])
+	    dwLen++;
+	sMsg[dwLen] = '\0';
+    }
+    if (0 == dwLen) {
+	sMsg = (char*)LocalAlloc(0, 64/**sizeof(TCHAR)*/);
+	if (sMsg)
+	    dwLen = sprintf(sMsg,
+			    "Unknown error #0x%lX (lookup 0x%lX)",
+			    dwErr, GetLastError());
+    }
+    if (sMsg) {
+	dTHX;
+	sv_setpvn((SV*)sv, sMsg, dwLen);
+	LocalFree(sMsg);
+    }
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_fprintf(FILE *fp, const char *format, ...)
+{
+    va_list marker;
+    va_start(marker, format);     /* Initialize variable arguments. */
+
+    return (vfprintf(fp, format, marker));
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_printf(const char *format, ...)
+{
+    va_list marker;
+    va_start(marker, format);     /* Initialize variable arguments. */
+
+    return (vprintf(format, marker));
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_vfprintf(FILE *fp, const char *format, va_list args)
+{
+    return (vfprintf(fp, format, args));
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_vprintf(const char *format, va_list args)
+{
+    return (vprintf(format, args));
+}
+
+DllExport size_t
+win32_fread(void *buf, size_t size, size_t count, FILE *fp)
+{
+    return fread(buf, size, count, fp);
+}
+
+DllExport size_t
+win32_fwrite(const void *buf, size_t size, size_t count, FILE *fp)
+{
+    return fwrite(buf, size, count, fp);
+}
+
+#define MODE_SIZE 10
+
+DllExport FILE *
+win32_fopen(const char *filename, const char *mode)
+{
+    dTHXa(NULL);
+    FILE *f;
+
+    if (!*filename)
+	return NULL;
+
+    if (stricmp(filename, "/dev/null")==0)
+	filename = "NUL";
+
+    aTHXa(PERL_GET_THX);
+    f = fopen(PerlDir_mapA(filename), mode);
+    /* avoid buffering headaches for child processes */
+    if (f && *mode == 'a')
+	win32_fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
+    return f;
+}
+
+DllExport FILE *
+win32_fdopen(int handle, const char *mode)
+{
+    FILE *f;
+    f = fdopen(handle, (char *) mode);
+    /* avoid buffering headaches for child processes */
+    if (f && *mode == 'a')
+	win32_fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
+    return f;
+}
+
+DllExport FILE *
+win32_freopen(const char *path, const char *mode, FILE *stream)
+{
+    dTHXa(NULL);
+    if (stricmp(path, "/dev/null")==0)
+	path = "NUL";
+
+    aTHXa(PERL_GET_THX);
+    return freopen(PerlDir_mapA(path), mode, stream);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_fclose(FILE *pf)
+{
+#ifdef WIN32_NO_SOCKETS
+    return fclose(pf);
+#else
+    return my_fclose(pf);	/* defined in win32sck.c */
+#endif
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_fputs(const char *s,FILE *pf)
+{
+    return fputs(s, pf);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_fputc(int c,FILE *pf)
+{
+    return fputc(c,pf);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_ungetc(int c,FILE *pf)
+{
+    return ungetc(c,pf);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_getc(FILE *pf)
+{
+    return getc(pf);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_fileno(FILE *pf)
+{
+    return fileno(pf);
+}
+
+DllExport void
+win32_clearerr(FILE *pf)
+{
+    clearerr(pf);
+    return;
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_fflush(FILE *pf)
+{
+    return fflush(pf);
+}
+
+DllExport Off_t
+win32_ftell(FILE *pf)
+{
+#if defined(WIN64) || defined(USE_LARGE_FILES)
+    fpos_t pos;
+    if (fgetpos(pf, &pos))
+	return -1;
+    return (Off_t)pos;
+#else
+    return ftell(pf);
+#endif
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_fseek(FILE *pf, Off_t offset,int origin)
+{
+#if defined(WIN64) || defined(USE_LARGE_FILES)
+    fpos_t pos;
+    switch (origin) {
+    case SEEK_CUR:
+	if (fgetpos(pf, &pos))
+	    return -1;
+	offset += pos;
+	break;
+    case SEEK_END:
+	fseek(pf, 0, SEEK_END);
+	pos = _telli64(fileno(pf));
+	offset += pos;
+	break;
+    case SEEK_SET:
+	break;
+    default:
+	errno = EINVAL;
+	return -1;
+    }
+    return fsetpos(pf, &offset);
+#else
+    return fseek(pf, (long)offset, origin);
+#endif
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_fgetpos(FILE *pf,fpos_t *p)
+{
+    return fgetpos(pf, p);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_fsetpos(FILE *pf,const fpos_t *p)
+{
+    return fsetpos(pf, p);
+}
+
+DllExport void
+win32_rewind(FILE *pf)
+{
+    rewind(pf);
+    return;
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_tmpfd(void)
+{
+    char prefix[MAX_PATH+1];
+    char filename[MAX_PATH+1];
+    DWORD len = GetTempPath(MAX_PATH, prefix);
+    if (len && len < MAX_PATH) {
+	if (GetTempFileName(prefix, "plx", 0, filename)) {
+	    HANDLE fh = CreateFile(filename,
+				   DELETE | GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
+				   0,
+				   NULL,
+				   CREATE_ALWAYS,
+				   FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL
+				   | FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE,
+				   NULL);
+	    if (fh != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+		int fd = win32_open_osfhandle((intptr_t)fh, 0);
+		if (fd >= 0) {
+		    PERL_DEB(dTHX;)
+		    DEBUG_p(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+					  "Created tmpfile=%s\n",filename));
+		    return fd;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+DllExport FILE*
+win32_tmpfile(void)
+{
+    int fd = win32_tmpfd();
+    if (fd >= 0)
+	return win32_fdopen(fd, "w+b");
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+DllExport void
+win32_abort(void)
+{
+    abort();
+    return;
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_fstat(int fd, Stat_t *sbufptr)
+{
+#if defined(WIN64) || defined(USE_LARGE_FILES)
+    return _fstati64(fd, sbufptr);
+#else
+    return fstat(fd, sbufptr);
+#endif
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_pipe(int *pfd, unsigned int size, int mode)
+{
+    return _pipe(pfd, size, mode);
+}
+
+DllExport PerlIO*
+win32_popenlist(const char *mode, IV narg, SV **args)
+{
+    get_shell();
+
+    return do_popen(mode, NULL, narg, args);
+}
+
+STATIC PerlIO*
+do_popen(const char *mode, const char *command, IV narg, SV **args) {
+    int p[2];
+    int handles[3];
+    int parent, child;
+    int stdfd;
+    int ourmode;
+    int childpid;
+    DWORD nhandle;
+    int lock_held = 0;
+    const char **args_pvs = NULL;
+
+    /* establish which ends read and write */
+    if (strchr(mode,'w')) {
+        stdfd = 0;		/* stdin */
+        parent = 1;
+        child = 0;
+	nhandle = STD_INPUT_HANDLE;
+    }
+    else if (strchr(mode,'r')) {
+        stdfd = 1;		/* stdout */
+        parent = 0;
+        child = 1;
+	nhandle = STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE;
+    }
+    else
+        return NULL;
+
+    /* set the correct mode */
+    if (strchr(mode,'b'))
+        ourmode = O_BINARY;
+    else if (strchr(mode,'t'))
+        ourmode = O_TEXT;
+    else
+        ourmode = _fmode & (O_TEXT | O_BINARY);
+
+    /* the child doesn't inherit handles */
+    ourmode |= O_NOINHERIT;
+
+    if (win32_pipe(p, 512, ourmode) == -1)
+        return NULL;
+
+    /* Previously this code redirected stdin/out temporarily so the
+       child process inherited those handles, this caused race
+       conditions when another thread was writing/reading those
+       handles.
+
+       To avoid that we just feed the handles to CreateProcess() so
+       the handles are redirected only in the child.
+     */
+    handles[child] = p[child];
+    handles[parent] = -1;
+    handles[2] = -1;
+
+    /* CreateProcess() requires inheritable handles */
+    if (!SetHandleInformation((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(p[child]), HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT,
+			      HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT)) {
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+
+    /* start the child */
+    {
+	dTHX;
+
+	if (command) {
+	    if ((childpid = do_spawn2_handles(aTHX_ command, EXECF_SPAWN_NOWAIT, handles)) == -1)
+	        goto cleanup;
+
+	}
+	else {
+	    int i;
+	    const char *exe_name;
+
+	    Newx(args_pvs, narg + 1 + w32_perlshell_items, const char *);
+	    SAVEFREEPV(args_pvs);
+	    for (i = 0; i < narg; ++i)
+	        args_pvs[i] = SvPV_nolen(args[i]);
+	    args_pvs[i] = NULL;
+	    exe_name = qualified_path(args_pvs[0], TRUE);
+	    if (!exe_name)
+	        /* let CreateProcess() try to find it instead */
+	        exe_name = args_pvs[0];
+
+	    if ((childpid = do_spawnvp_handles(P_NOWAIT, exe_name, args_pvs, handles)) == -1) {
+	        goto cleanup;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	win32_close(p[child]);
+
+	sv_setiv(*av_fetch(w32_fdpid, p[parent], TRUE), childpid);
+
+	/* set process id so that it can be returned by perl's open() */
+	PL_forkprocess = childpid;
+    }
+
+    /* we have an fd, return a file stream */
+    return (PerlIO_fdopen(p[parent], (char *)mode));
+
+cleanup:
+    /* we don't need to check for errors here */
+    win32_close(p[0]);
+    win32_close(p[1]);
+
+    return (NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * a popen() clone that respects PERL5SHELL
+ *
+ * changed to return PerlIO* rather than FILE * by BKS, 11-11-2000
+ */
+
+DllExport PerlIO*
+win32_popen(const char *command, const char *mode)
+{
+#ifdef USE_RTL_POPEN
+    return _popen(command, mode);
+#else
+    return do_popen(mode, command, 0, NULL);
+#endif /* USE_RTL_POPEN */
+}
+
+/*
+ * pclose() clone
+ */
+
+DllExport int
+win32_pclose(PerlIO *pf)
+{
+#ifdef USE_RTL_POPEN
+    return _pclose(pf);
+#else
+    dTHX;
+    int childpid, status;
+    SV *sv;
+
+    sv = *av_fetch(w32_fdpid, PerlIO_fileno(pf), TRUE);
+
+    if (SvIOK(sv))
+	childpid = SvIVX(sv);
+    else
+	childpid = 0;
+
+    if (!childpid) {
+	errno = EBADF;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+#ifdef USE_PERLIO
+    PerlIO_close(pf);
+#else
+    fclose(pf);
+#endif
+    SvIVX(sv) = 0;
+
+    if (win32_waitpid(childpid, &status, 0) == -1)
+        return -1;
+
+    return status;
+
+#endif /* USE_RTL_POPEN */
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_link(const char *oldname, const char *newname)
+{
+    dTHXa(NULL);
+    WCHAR wOldName[MAX_PATH+1];
+    WCHAR wNewName[MAX_PATH+1];
+
+    if (MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, oldname, -1, wOldName, MAX_PATH+1) &&
+        MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, newname, -1, wNewName, MAX_PATH+1) &&
+	((aTHXa(PERL_GET_THX)), wcscpy(wOldName, PerlDir_mapW(wOldName)),
+        CreateHardLinkW(PerlDir_mapW(wNewName), wOldName, NULL)))
+    {
+	return 0;
+    }
+    /* This isn't perfect, eg. Win32 returns ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED for
+       both permissions errors and if the source is a directory, while
+       POSIX wants EACCES and EPERM respectively.
+
+       Determined by experimentation on Windows 7 x64 SP1, since MS
+       don't document what error codes are returned.
+    */
+    switch (GetLastError()) {
+    case ERROR_BAD_NET_NAME:
+    case ERROR_BAD_NETPATH:
+    case ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME:
+    case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND:
+    case ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE:
+    case ERROR_INVALID_DRIVE:
+    case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND:
+      errno = ENOENT;
+      break;
+    case ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+      errno = EEXIST;
+      break;
+    case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
+      errno = EACCES;
+      break;
+    case ERROR_NOT_SAME_DEVICE:
+      errno = EXDEV;
+      break;
+    case ERROR_DISK_FULL:
+      errno = ENOSPC;
+      break;
+    case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_QUOTA:
+      errno = EDQUOT;
+      break;
+    default:
+      /* ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION - eg. on a FAT volume */
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      break;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_rename(const char *oname, const char *newname)
+{
+    char szOldName[MAX_PATH+1];
+    BOOL bResult;
+    DWORD dwFlags = MOVEFILE_COPY_ALLOWED;
+    dTHX;
+
+    if (stricmp(newname, oname))
+        dwFlags |= MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING;
+    strcpy(szOldName, PerlDir_mapA(oname));
+
+    bResult = MoveFileExA(szOldName,PerlDir_mapA(newname), dwFlags);
+    if (!bResult) {
+        DWORD err = GetLastError();
+        switch (err) {
+        case ERROR_BAD_NET_NAME:
+        case ERROR_BAD_NETPATH:
+        case ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME:
+        case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND:
+        case ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE:
+        case ERROR_INVALID_DRIVE:
+        case ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES:
+        case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND:
+            errno = ENOENT;
+            break;
+        case ERROR_DISK_FULL:
+            errno = ENOSPC;
+            break;
+        case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_QUOTA:
+            errno = EDQUOT;
+            break;
+        default:
+            errno = EACCES;
+            break;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_setmode(int fd, int mode)
+{
+    return setmode(fd, mode);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_chsize(int fd, Off_t size)
+{
+#if defined(WIN64) || defined(USE_LARGE_FILES)
+    int retval = 0;
+    Off_t cur, end, extend;
+
+    cur = win32_tell(fd);
+    if (cur < 0)
+	return -1;
+    end = win32_lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
+    if (end < 0)
+	return -1;
+    extend = size - end;
+    if (extend == 0) {
+	/* do nothing */
+    }
+    else if (extend > 0) {
+	/* must grow the file, padding with nulls */
+	char b[4096];
+	int oldmode = win32_setmode(fd, O_BINARY);
+	size_t count;
+	memset(b, '\0', sizeof(b));
+	do {
+	    count = extend >= sizeof(b) ? sizeof(b) : (size_t)extend;
+	    count = win32_write(fd, b, count);
+	    if ((int)count < 0) {
+		retval = -1;
+		break;
+	    }
+	} while ((extend -= count) > 0);
+	win32_setmode(fd, oldmode);
+    }
+    else {
+	/* shrink the file */
+	win32_lseek(fd, size, SEEK_SET);
+	if (!SetEndOfFile((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd))) {
+	    errno = EACCES;
+	    retval = -1;
+	}
+    }
+    win32_lseek(fd, cur, SEEK_SET);
+    return retval;
+#else
+    return chsize(fd, (long)size);
+#endif
+}
+
+DllExport Off_t
+win32_lseek(int fd, Off_t offset, int origin)
+{
+#if defined(WIN64) || defined(USE_LARGE_FILES)
+    return _lseeki64(fd, offset, origin);
+#else
+    return lseek(fd, (long)offset, origin);
+#endif
+}
+
+DllExport Off_t
+win32_tell(int fd)
+{
+#if defined(WIN64) || defined(USE_LARGE_FILES)
+    return _telli64(fd);
+#else
+    return tell(fd);
+#endif
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_open(const char *path, int flag, ...)
+{
+    dTHXa(NULL);
+    va_list ap;
+    int pmode;
+
+    va_start(ap, flag);
+    pmode = va_arg(ap, int);
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    if (stricmp(path, "/dev/null")==0)
+	path = "NUL";
+
+    aTHXa(PERL_GET_THX);
+    return open(PerlDir_mapA(path), flag, pmode);
+}
+
+/* close() that understands socket */
+extern int my_close(int);	/* in win32sck.c */
+
+DllExport int
+win32_close(int fd)
+{
+#ifdef WIN32_NO_SOCKETS
+    return close(fd);
+#else
+    return my_close(fd);
+#endif
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_eof(int fd)
+{
+    return eof(fd);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_isatty(int fd)
+{
+    /* The Microsoft isatty() function returns true for *all*
+     * character mode devices, including "nul".  Our implementation
+     * should only return true if the handle has a console buffer.
+     */
+    DWORD mode;
+    HANDLE fh = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
+    if (fh == (HANDLE)-1) {
+        /* errno is already set to EBADF */
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (GetConsoleMode(fh, &mode))
+        return 1;
+
+    errno = ENOTTY;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_dup(int fd)
+{
+    return dup(fd);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_dup2(int fd1,int fd2)
+{
+    return dup2(fd1,fd2);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_read(int fd, void *buf, unsigned int cnt)
+{
+    return read(fd, buf, cnt);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_write(int fd, const void *buf, unsigned int cnt)
+{
+    return write(fd, buf, cnt);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_mkdir(const char *dir, int mode)
+{
+    dTHX;
+    return mkdir(PerlDir_mapA(dir)); /* just ignore mode */
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_rmdir(const char *dir)
+{
+    dTHX;
+    return rmdir(PerlDir_mapA(dir));
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_chdir(const char *dir)
+{
+    if (!dir) {
+	errno = ENOENT;
+	return -1;
+    }
+    return chdir(dir);
+}
+
+DllExport  int
+win32_access(const char *path, int mode)
+{
+    dTHX;
+    return access(PerlDir_mapA(path), mode);
+}
+
+DllExport  int
+win32_chmod(const char *path, int mode)
+{
+    dTHX;
+    return chmod(PerlDir_mapA(path), mode);
+}
+
+
+static char *
+create_command_line(char *cname, STRLEN clen, const char * const *args)
+{
+    PERL_DEB(dTHX;)
+    int index, argc;
+    char *cmd, *ptr;
+    const char *arg;
+    STRLEN len = 0;
+    bool bat_file = FALSE;
+    bool cmd_shell = FALSE;
+    bool dumb_shell = FALSE;
+    bool extra_quotes = FALSE;
+    bool quote_next = FALSE;
+
+    if (!cname)
+	cname = (char*)args[0];
+
+    /* The NT cmd.exe shell has the following peculiarity that needs to be
+     * worked around.  It strips a leading and trailing dquote when any
+     * of the following is true:
+     *    1. the /S switch was used
+     *    2. there are more than two dquotes
+     *    3. there is a special character from this set: &<>()@^|
+     *    4. no whitespace characters within the two dquotes
+     *    5. string between two dquotes isn't an executable file
+     * To work around this, we always add a leading and trailing dquote
+     * to the string, if the first argument is either "cmd.exe" or "cmd",
+     * and there were at least two or more arguments passed to cmd.exe
+     * (not including switches).
+     * XXX the above rules (from "cmd /?") don't seem to be applied
+     * always, making for the convolutions below :-(
+     */
+    if (cname) {
+	if (!clen)
+	    clen = strlen(cname);
+
+	if (clen > 4
+	    && (stricmp(&cname[clen-4], ".bat") == 0
+		|| (stricmp(&cname[clen-4], ".cmd") == 0)))
+	{
+	    bat_file = TRUE;
+            len += 3;
+	}
+	else {
+	    char *exe = strrchr(cname, '/');
+	    char *exe2 = strrchr(cname, '\\');
+	    if (exe2 > exe)
+		exe = exe2;
+	    if (exe)
+		++exe;
+	    else
+		exe = cname;
+	    if (stricmp(exe, "cmd.exe") == 0 || stricmp(exe, "cmd") == 0) {
+		cmd_shell = TRUE;
+		len += 3;
+	    }
+	    else if (stricmp(exe, "command.com") == 0
+		     || stricmp(exe, "command") == 0)
+	    {
+		dumb_shell = TRUE;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    DEBUG_p(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Args "));
+    for (index = 0; (arg = (char*)args[index]) != NULL; ++index) {
+	STRLEN curlen = strlen(arg);
+	if (!(arg[0] == '"' && arg[curlen-1] == '"'))
+	    len += 2;	/* assume quoting needed (worst case) */
+	len += curlen + 1;
+	DEBUG_p(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "[%s]",arg));
+    }
+    DEBUG_p(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n"));
+
+    argc = index;
+    Newx(cmd, len, char);
+    ptr = cmd;
+
+    if (bat_file) {
+	*ptr++ = '"';
+	extra_quotes = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    for (index = 0; (arg = (char*)args[index]) != NULL; ++index) {
+	bool do_quote = 0;
+	STRLEN curlen = strlen(arg);
+
+	/* we want to protect empty arguments and ones with spaces with
+	 * dquotes, but only if they aren't already there */
+	if (!dumb_shell) {
+	    if (!curlen) {
+		do_quote = 1;
+	    }
+	    else if (quote_next) {
+		/* see if it really is multiple arguments pretending to
+		 * be one and force a set of quotes around it */
+		if (*find_next_space(arg))
+		    do_quote = 1;
+	    }
+	    else if (!(arg[0] == '"' && curlen > 1 && arg[curlen-1] == '"')) {
+		STRLEN i = 0;
+		while (i < curlen) {
+		    if (isSPACE(arg[i])) {
+			do_quote = 1;
+		    }
+		    else if (arg[i] == '"') {
+			do_quote = 0;
+			break;
+		    }
+		    i++;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+	if (do_quote)
+	    *ptr++ = '"';
+
+	strcpy(ptr, arg);
+	ptr += curlen;
+
+	if (do_quote)
+	    *ptr++ = '"';
+
+	if (args[index+1])
+	    *ptr++ = ' ';
+
+    	if (!extra_quotes
+	    && cmd_shell
+	    && curlen >= 2
+	    && *arg  == '/'     /* see if arg is "/c", "/x/c", "/x/d/c" etc. */
+	    && stricmp(arg+curlen-2, "/c") == 0)
+	{
+	    /* is there a next argument? */
+	    if (args[index+1]) {
+		/* are there two or more next arguments? */
+		if (args[index+2]) {
+		    *ptr++ = '"';
+		    extra_quotes = TRUE;
+		}
+		else {
+		    /* single argument, force quoting if it has spaces */
+		    quote_next = TRUE;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (extra_quotes)
+	*ptr++ = '"';
+
+    *ptr = '\0';
+
+    return cmd;
+}
+
+static const char *exe_extensions[] =
+  {
+    ".exe", /* this must be first */
+    ".cmd",
+    ".bat"
+  };
+
+static char *
+qualified_path(const char *cmd, bool other_exts)
+{
+    char *pathstr;
+    char *fullcmd, *curfullcmd;
+    STRLEN cmdlen = 0;
+    int has_slash = 0;
+
+    if (!cmd)
+	return NULL;
+    fullcmd = (char*)cmd;
+    while (*fullcmd) {
+	if (*fullcmd == '/' || *fullcmd == '\\')
+	    has_slash++;
+	fullcmd++;
+	cmdlen++;
+    }
+
+    /* look in PATH */
+    {
+	dTHX;
+	pathstr = PerlEnv_getenv("PATH");
+    }
+    /* worst case: PATH is a single directory; we need additional space
+     * to append "/", ".exe" and trailing "\0" */
+    Newx(fullcmd, (pathstr ? strlen(pathstr) : 0) + cmdlen + 6, char);
+    curfullcmd = fullcmd;
+
+    while (1) {
+	DWORD res;
+
+	/* start by appending the name to the current prefix */
+	strcpy(curfullcmd, cmd);
+	curfullcmd += cmdlen;
+
+	/* if it doesn't end with '.', or has no extension, try adding
+	 * a trailing .exe first */
+	if (cmd[cmdlen-1] != '.'
+	    && (cmdlen < 4 || cmd[cmdlen-4] != '.'))
+	{
+	    int i;
+	    /* first extension is .exe */
+	    int ext_limit = other_exts ? C_ARRAY_LENGTH(exe_extensions) : 1;
+	    for (i = 0; i < ext_limit; ++i) {
+	        strcpy(curfullcmd, exe_extensions[i]);
+	        res = GetFileAttributes(fullcmd);
+	        if (res != 0xFFFFFFFF && !(res & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+		    return fullcmd;
+	    }
+
+	    *curfullcmd = '\0';
+	}
+
+	/* that failed, try the bare name */
+	res = GetFileAttributes(fullcmd);
+	if (res != 0xFFFFFFFF && !(res & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+	    return fullcmd;
+
+	/* quit if no other path exists, or if cmd already has path */
+	if (!pathstr || !*pathstr || has_slash)
+	    break;
+
+	/* skip leading semis */
+	while (*pathstr == ';')
+	    pathstr++;
+
+	/* build a new prefix from scratch */
+	curfullcmd = fullcmd;
+	while (*pathstr && *pathstr != ';') {
+	    if (*pathstr == '"') {	/* foo;"baz;etc";bar */
+		pathstr++;		/* skip initial '"' */
+		while (*pathstr && *pathstr != '"') {
+                    *curfullcmd++ = *pathstr++;
+		}
+		if (*pathstr)
+		    pathstr++;		/* skip trailing '"' */
+	    }
+	    else {
+                *curfullcmd++ = *pathstr++;
+	    }
+	}
+	if (*pathstr)
+	    pathstr++;			/* skip trailing semi */
+	if (curfullcmd > fullcmd	/* append a dir separator */
+	    && curfullcmd[-1] != '/' && curfullcmd[-1] != '\\')
+	{
+	    *curfullcmd++ = '\\';
+	}
+    }
+
+    Safefree(fullcmd);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/* The following are just place holders.
+ * Some hosts may provide and environment that the OS is
+ * not tracking, therefore, these host must provide that
+ * environment and the current directory to CreateProcess
+ */
+
+DllExport void*
+win32_get_childenv(void)
+{
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+DllExport void
+win32_free_childenv(void* d)
+{
+}
+
+DllExport void
+win32_clearenv(void)
+{
+    char *envv = GetEnvironmentStrings();
+    char *cur = envv;
+    STRLEN len;
+    while (*cur) {
+	char *end = strchr(cur,'=');
+	if (end && end != cur) {
+	    *end = '\0';
+	    SetEnvironmentVariable(cur, NULL);
+	    *end = '=';
+	    cur = end + strlen(end+1)+2;
+	}
+	else if ((len = strlen(cur)))
+	    cur += len+1;
+    }
+    FreeEnvironmentStrings(envv);
+}
+
+DllExport char*
+win32_get_childdir(void)
+{
+    char* ptr;
+    char szfilename[MAX_PATH+1];
+
+    GetCurrentDirectoryA(MAX_PATH+1, szfilename);
+    Newx(ptr, strlen(szfilename)+1, char);
+    strcpy(ptr, szfilename);
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+DllExport void
+win32_free_childdir(char* d)
+{
+    Safefree(d);
+}
+
+
+/* XXX this needs to be made more compatible with the spawnvp()
+ * provided by the various RTLs.  In particular, searching for
+ * *.{com,bat,cmd} files (as done by the RTLs) is unimplemented.
+ * This doesn't significantly affect perl itself, because we
+ * always invoke things using PERL5SHELL if a direct attempt to
+ * spawn the executable fails.
+ *
+ * XXX splitting and rejoining the commandline between do_aspawn()
+ * and win32_spawnvp() could also be avoided.
+ */
+
+DllExport int
+win32_spawnvp(int mode, const char *cmdname, const char *const *argv)
+{
+#ifdef USE_RTL_SPAWNVP
+    return _spawnvp(mode, cmdname, (char * const *)argv);
+#else
+    return do_spawnvp_handles(mode, cmdname, argv, NULL);
+#endif
+}
+
+static int
+do_spawnvp_handles(int mode, const char *cmdname, const char *const *argv,
+                const int *handles) {
+    dTHXa(NULL);
+    int ret;
+    void* env;
+    char* dir;
+    child_IO_table tbl;
+    STARTUPINFO StartupInfo;
+    PROCESS_INFORMATION ProcessInformation;
+    DWORD create = 0;
+    char *cmd;
+    char *fullcmd = NULL;
+    char *cname = (char *)cmdname;
+    STRLEN clen = 0;
+
+    if (cname) {
+	clen = strlen(cname);
+	/* if command name contains dquotes, must remove them */
+	if (strchr(cname, '"')) {
+	    cmd = cname;
+	    Newx(cname,clen+1,char);
+	    clen = 0;
+	    while (*cmd) {
+		if (*cmd != '"') {
+		    cname[clen] = *cmd;
+		    ++clen;
+		}
+		++cmd;
+	    }
+	    cname[clen] = '\0';
+	}
+    }
+
+    cmd = create_command_line(cname, clen, argv);
+
+    aTHXa(PERL_GET_THX);
+    env = PerlEnv_get_childenv();
+    dir = PerlEnv_get_childdir();
+
+    switch(mode) {
+    case P_NOWAIT:	/* asynch + remember result */
+	if (w32_num_children >= MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS) {
+	    errno = EAGAIN;
+	    ret = -1;
+	    goto RETVAL;
+	}
+	/* Create a new process group so we can use GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent()
+	 * in win32_kill()
+	 */
+        create |= CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP;
+	/* FALL THROUGH */
+
+    case P_WAIT:	/* synchronous execution */
+	break;
+    default:		/* invalid mode */
+	errno = EINVAL;
+	ret = -1;
+	goto RETVAL;
+    }
+
+    memset(&StartupInfo,0,sizeof(StartupInfo));
+    StartupInfo.cb = sizeof(StartupInfo);
+    memset(&tbl,0,sizeof(tbl));
+    PerlEnv_get_child_IO(&tbl);
+    StartupInfo.dwFlags		= tbl.dwFlags;
+    StartupInfo.dwX		= tbl.dwX;
+    StartupInfo.dwY		= tbl.dwY;
+    StartupInfo.dwXSize		= tbl.dwXSize;
+    StartupInfo.dwYSize		= tbl.dwYSize;
+    StartupInfo.dwXCountChars	= tbl.dwXCountChars;
+    StartupInfo.dwYCountChars	= tbl.dwYCountChars;
+    StartupInfo.dwFillAttribute	= tbl.dwFillAttribute;
+    StartupInfo.wShowWindow	= tbl.wShowWindow;
+    StartupInfo.hStdInput	= handles && handles[0] != -1 ?
+            (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(handles[0]) : tbl.childStdIn;
+    StartupInfo.hStdOutput	= handles && handles[1] != -1 ?
+            (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(handles[1]) : tbl.childStdOut;
+    StartupInfo.hStdError	= handles && handles[2] != -1 ?
+	    (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(handles[2]) : tbl.childStdErr;
+    if (StartupInfo.hStdInput == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE &&
+	StartupInfo.hStdOutput == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE &&
+	StartupInfo.hStdError == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+    {
+	create |= CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE;
+    }
+    else {
+	StartupInfo.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
+    }
+    if (w32_use_showwindow) {
+        StartupInfo.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
+        StartupInfo.wShowWindow = w32_showwindow;
+    }
+
+    DEBUG_p(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Spawning [%s] with [%s]\n",
+			  cname,cmd));
+RETRY:
+    if (!CreateProcess(cname,		/* search PATH to find executable */
+		       cmd,		/* executable, and its arguments */
+		       NULL,		/* process attributes */
+		       NULL,		/* thread attributes */
+		       TRUE,		/* inherit handles */
+		       create,		/* creation flags */
+		       (LPVOID)env,	/* inherit environment */
+		       dir,		/* inherit cwd */
+		       &StartupInfo,
+		       &ProcessInformation))
+    {
+	/* initial NULL argument to CreateProcess() does a PATH
+	 * search, but it always first looks in the directory
+	 * where the current process was started, which behavior
+	 * is undesirable for backward compatibility.  So we
+	 * jump through our own hoops by picking out the path
+	 * we really want it to use. */
+	if (!fullcmd) {
+	    fullcmd = qualified_path(cname, FALSE);
+	    if (fullcmd) {
+		if (cname != cmdname)
+		    Safefree(cname);
+		cname = fullcmd;
+		DEBUG_p(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+				      "Retrying [%s] with same args\n",
+				      cname));
+		goto RETRY;
+	    }
+	}
+	errno = ENOENT;
+	ret = -1;
+	goto RETVAL;
+    }
+
+    if (mode == P_NOWAIT) {
+	/* asynchronous spawn -- store handle, return PID */
+	ret = (int)ProcessInformation.dwProcessId;
+
+	w32_child_handles[w32_num_children] = ProcessInformation.hProcess;
+	w32_child_pids[w32_num_children] = (DWORD)ret;
+	++w32_num_children;
+    }
+    else  {
+	DWORD status;
+	win32_msgwait(aTHX_ 1, &ProcessInformation.hProcess, INFINITE, NULL);
+	/* FIXME: if msgwait returned due to message perhaps forward the
+	   "signal" to the process
+         */
+	GetExitCodeProcess(ProcessInformation.hProcess, &status);
+	ret = (int)status;
+	CloseHandle(ProcessInformation.hProcess);
+    }
+
+    CloseHandle(ProcessInformation.hThread);
+
+RETVAL:
+    PerlEnv_free_childenv(env);
+    PerlEnv_free_childdir(dir);
+    Safefree(cmd);
+    if (cname != cmdname)
+	Safefree(cname);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_execv(const char *cmdname, const char *const *argv)
+{
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+    dTHX;
+    /* if this is a pseudo-forked child, we just want to spawn
+     * the new program, and return */
+    if (w32_pseudo_id)
+	return _spawnv(P_WAIT, cmdname, argv);
+#endif
+    return _execv(cmdname, argv);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_execvp(const char *cmdname, const char *const *argv)
+{
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+    dTHX;
+    /* if this is a pseudo-forked child, we just want to spawn
+     * the new program, and return */
+    if (w32_pseudo_id) {
+	int status = win32_spawnvp(P_WAIT, cmdname, (const char *const *)argv);
+	if (status != -1) {
+	    my_exit(status);
+	    return 0;
+	}
+	else
+	    return status;
+    }
+#endif
+    return _execvp(cmdname, argv);
+}
+
+DllExport void
+win32_perror(const char *str)
+{
+    perror(str);
+}
+
+DllExport void
+win32_setbuf(FILE *pf, char *buf)
+{
+    setbuf(pf, buf);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_setvbuf(FILE *pf, char *buf, int type, size_t size)
+{
+    return setvbuf(pf, buf, type, size);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_flushall(void)
+{
+    return flushall();
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_fcloseall(void)
+{
+    return fcloseall();
+}
+
+DllExport char*
+win32_fgets(char *s, int n, FILE *pf)
+{
+    return fgets(s, n, pf);
+}
+
+DllExport char*
+win32_gets(char *s)
+{
+    return gets(s);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_fgetc(FILE *pf)
+{
+    return fgetc(pf);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_putc(int c, FILE *pf)
+{
+    return putc(c,pf);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_puts(const char *s)
+{
+    return puts(s);
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_getchar(void)
+{
+    return getchar();
+}
+
+DllExport int
+win32_putchar(int c)
+{
+    return putchar(c);
+}
+
+#ifdef MYMALLOC
+
+#ifndef USE_PERL_SBRK
+
+static char *committed = NULL;		/* XXX threadead */
+static char *base      = NULL;		/* XXX threadead */
+static char *reserved  = NULL;		/* XXX threadead */
+static char *brk       = NULL;		/* XXX threadead */
+static DWORD pagesize  = 0;		/* XXX threadead */
+
+void *
+sbrk(ptrdiff_t need)
+{
+ void *result;
+ if (!pagesize)
+  {SYSTEM_INFO info;
+   GetSystemInfo(&info);
+   /* Pretend page size is larger so we don't perpetually
+    * call the OS to commit just one page ...
+    */
+   pagesize = info.dwPageSize << 3;
+  }
+ if (brk+need >= reserved)
+  {
+   DWORD size = brk+need-reserved;
+   char *addr;
+   char *prev_committed = NULL;
+   if (committed && reserved && committed < reserved)
+    {
+     /* Commit last of previous chunk cannot span allocations */
+     addr = (char *) VirtualAlloc(committed,reserved-committed,MEM_COMMIT,PAGE_READWRITE);
+     if (addr)
+      {
+      /* Remember where we committed from in case we want to decommit later */
+      prev_committed = committed;
+      committed = reserved;
+      }
+    }
+   /* Reserve some (more) space
+    * Contiguous blocks give us greater efficiency, so reserve big blocks -
+    * this is only address space not memory...
+    * Note this is a little sneaky, 1st call passes NULL as reserved
+    * so lets system choose where we start, subsequent calls pass
+    * the old end address so ask for a contiguous block
+    */
+sbrk_reserve:
+   if (size < 64*1024*1024)
+    size = 64*1024*1024;
+   size = ((size + pagesize - 1) / pagesize) * pagesize;
+   addr  = (char *) VirtualAlloc(reserved,size,MEM_RESERVE,PAGE_NOACCESS);
+   if (addr)
+    {
+     reserved = addr+size;
+     if (!base)
+      base = addr;
+     if (!committed)
+      committed = base;
+     if (!brk)
+      brk = committed;
+    }
+   else if (reserved)
+    {
+      /* The existing block could not be extended far enough, so decommit
+       * anything that was just committed above and start anew */
+      if (prev_committed)
+       {
+       if (!VirtualFree(prev_committed,reserved-prev_committed,MEM_DECOMMIT))
+        return (void *) -1;
+       }
+      reserved = base = committed = brk = NULL;
+      size = need;
+      goto sbrk_reserve;
+    }
+   else
+    {
+     return (void *) -1;
+    }
+  }
+ result = brk;
+ brk += need;
+ if (brk > committed)
+  {
+   DWORD size = ((brk-committed + pagesize -1)/pagesize) * pagesize;
+   char *addr;
+   if (committed+size > reserved)
+    size = reserved-committed;
+   addr = (char *) VirtualAlloc(committed,size,MEM_COMMIT,PAGE_READWRITE);
+   if (addr)
+    committed += size;
+   else
+    return (void *) -1;
+  }
+ return result;
+}
+
+#endif
+#endif
+
+DllExport void*
+win32_malloc(size_t size)
+{
+    return malloc(size);
+}
+
+DllExport void*
+win32_calloc(size_t numitems, size_t size)
+{
+    return calloc(numitems,size);
+}
+
+DllExport void*
+win32_realloc(void *block, size_t size)
+{
+    return realloc(block,size);
+}
+
+DllExport void
+win32_free(void *block)
+{
+    free(block);
+}
+
+
+DllExport int
+win32_open_osfhandle(intptr_t handle, int flags)
+{
+    return _open_osfhandle(handle, flags);
+}
+
+DllExport intptr_t
+win32_get_osfhandle(int fd)
+{
+    return (intptr_t)_get_osfhandle(fd);
+}
+
+DllExport FILE *
+win32_fdupopen(FILE *pf)
+{
+    FILE* pfdup;
+    fpos_t pos;
+    char mode[3];
+    int fileno = win32_dup(win32_fileno(pf));
+
+    /* open the file in the same mode */
+    if((pf)->_flag & _IOREAD) {
+	mode[0] = 'r';
+	mode[1] = 0;
+    }
+    else if((pf)->_flag & _IOWRT) {
+	mode[0] = 'a';
+	mode[1] = 0;
+    }
+    else if((pf)->_flag & _IORW) {
+	mode[0] = 'r';
+	mode[1] = '+';
+	mode[2] = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* it appears that the binmode is attached to the
+     * file descriptor so binmode files will be handled
+     * correctly
+     */
+    pfdup = win32_fdopen(fileno, mode);
+
+    /* move the file pointer to the same position */
+    if (!fgetpos(pf, &pos)) {
+	fsetpos(pfdup, &pos);
+    }
+    return pfdup;
+}
+
+DllExport void*
+win32_dynaload(const char* filename)
+{
+    dTHXa(NULL);
+    char buf[MAX_PATH+1];
+    const char *first;
+
+    /* LoadLibrary() doesn't recognize forward slashes correctly,
+     * so turn 'em back. */
+    first = strchr(filename, '/');
+    if (first) {
+	STRLEN len = strlen(filename);
+	if (len <= MAX_PATH) {
+	    strcpy(buf, filename);
+	    filename = &buf[first - filename];
+	    while (*filename) {
+		if (*filename == '/')
+		    *(char*)filename = '\\';
+		++filename;
+	    }
+	    filename = buf;
+	}
+    }
+    aTHXa(PERL_GET_THX);
+    return LoadLibraryExA(PerlDir_mapA(filename), NULL, LOAD_WITH_ALTERED_SEARCH_PATH);
+}
+
+XS(w32_SetChildShowWindow)
+{
+    dXSARGS;
+    BOOL use_showwindow = w32_use_showwindow;
+    /* use "unsigned short" because Perl has redefined "WORD" */
+    unsigned short showwindow = w32_showwindow;
+
+    if (items > 1)
+	croak_xs_usage(cv, "[showwindow]");
+
+    if (items == 0 || !SvOK(ST(0)))
+        w32_use_showwindow = FALSE;
+    else {
+        w32_use_showwindow = TRUE;
+        w32_showwindow = (unsigned short)SvIV(ST(0));
+    }
+
+    EXTEND(SP, 1);
+    if (use_showwindow)
+        ST(0) = sv_2mortal(newSViv(showwindow));
+    else
+        ST(0) = &PL_sv_undef;
+    XSRETURN(1);
+}
+
+void
+Perl_init_os_extras(void)
+{
+    dTHXa(NULL);
+    char *file = __FILE__;
+
+    /* Initialize Win32CORE if it has been statically linked. */
+#ifndef PERL_IS_MINIPERL
+    void (*pfn_init)(pTHX);
+    HMODULE module = (HMODULE)((w32_perldll_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+                               ? GetModuleHandle(NULL)
+                               : w32_perldll_handle);
+    pfn_init = (void (*)(pTHX))GetProcAddress(module, "init_Win32CORE");
+    aTHXa(PERL_GET_THX);
+    if (pfn_init)
+        pfn_init(aTHX);
+#else
+    aTHXa(PERL_GET_THX);
+#endif
+
+    newXS("Win32::SetChildShowWindow", w32_SetChildShowWindow, file);
+}
+
+void *
+win32_signal_context(void)
+{
+    dTHX;
+#ifdef MULTIPLICITY
+    if (!my_perl) {
+	my_perl = PL_curinterp;
+	PERL_SET_THX(my_perl);
+    }
+    return my_perl;
+#else
+    return PL_curinterp;
+#endif
+}
+
+
+BOOL WINAPI
+win32_ctrlhandler(DWORD dwCtrlType)
+{
+#ifdef MULTIPLICITY
+    dTHXa(PERL_GET_SIG_CONTEXT);
+
+    if (!my_perl)
+	return FALSE;
+#endif
+
+    switch(dwCtrlType) {
+    case CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT:
+     /*  A signal that the system sends to all processes attached to a console when
+         the user closes the console (either by choosing the Close command from the
+         console window's System menu, or by choosing the End Task command from the
+         Task List
+      */
+	if (do_raise(aTHX_ 1))	      /* SIGHUP */
+	    sig_terminate(aTHX_ 1);
+	return TRUE;
+
+    case CTRL_C_EVENT:
+	/*  A CTRL+c signal was received */
+	if (do_raise(aTHX_ SIGINT))
+	    sig_terminate(aTHX_ SIGINT);
+	return TRUE;
+
+    case CTRL_BREAK_EVENT:
+	/*  A CTRL+BREAK signal was received */
+	if (do_raise(aTHX_ SIGBREAK))
+	    sig_terminate(aTHX_ SIGBREAK);
+	return TRUE;
+
+    case CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT:
+      /*  A signal that the system sends to all console processes when a user is logging
+          off. This signal does not indicate which user is logging off, so no
+          assumptions can be made.
+       */
+	break;
+    case CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT:
+      /*  A signal that the system sends to all console processes when the system is
+          shutting down.
+       */
+	if (do_raise(aTHX_ SIGTERM))
+	    sig_terminate(aTHX_ SIGTERM);
+	return TRUE;
+    default:
+	break;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef SET_INVALID_PARAMETER_HANDLER
+#  include <crtdbg.h>
+#endif
+
+static void
+ansify_path(void)
+{
+    size_t len;
+    char *ansi_path;
+    WCHAR *wide_path;
+    WCHAR *wide_dir;
+
+    /* fetch Unicode version of PATH */
+    len = 2000;
+    wide_path = (WCHAR*)win32_malloc(len*sizeof(WCHAR));
+    while (wide_path) {
+        size_t newlen = GetEnvironmentVariableW(L"PATH", wide_path, len);
+        if (newlen == 0) {
+            win32_free(wide_path);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (newlen < len)
+            break;
+        len = newlen;
+        wide_path = (WCHAR*)win32_realloc(wide_path, len*sizeof(WCHAR));
+    }
+    if (!wide_path)
+        return;
+
+    /* convert to ANSI pathnames */
+    wide_dir = wide_path;
+    ansi_path = NULL;
+    while (wide_dir) {
+        WCHAR *sep = wcschr(wide_dir, ';');
+        char *ansi_dir;
+        size_t ansi_len;
+        size_t wide_len;
+
+        if (sep)
+            *sep++ = '\0';
+
+        /* remove quotes around pathname */
+        if (*wide_dir == '"')
+            ++wide_dir;
+        wide_len = wcslen(wide_dir);
+        if (wide_len && wide_dir[wide_len-1] == '"')
+            wide_dir[wide_len-1] = '\0';
+
+        /* append ansi_dir to ansi_path */
+        ansi_dir = win32_ansipath(wide_dir);
+        ansi_len = strlen(ansi_dir);
+        if (ansi_path) {
+            size_t newlen = len + 1 + ansi_len;
+            ansi_path = (char*)win32_realloc(ansi_path, newlen+1);
+            if (!ansi_path)
+                break;
+            ansi_path[len] = ';';
+            memcpy(ansi_path+len+1, ansi_dir, ansi_len+1);
+            len = newlen;
+        }
+        else {
+            len = ansi_len;
+            ansi_path = (char*)win32_malloc(5+len+1);
+            if (!ansi_path)
+                break;
+            memcpy(ansi_path, "PATH=", 5);
+            memcpy(ansi_path+5, ansi_dir, len+1);
+            len += 5;
+        }
+        win32_free(ansi_dir);
+        wide_dir = sep;
+    }
+
+    if (ansi_path) {
+        /* Update C RTL environ array.  This will only have full effect if
+         * perl_parse() is later called with `environ` as the `env` argument.
+         * Otherwise S_init_postdump_symbols() will overwrite PATH again.
+         *
+         * We do have to ansify() the PATH before Perl has been fully
+         * initialized because S_find_script() uses the PATH when perl
+         * is being invoked with the -S option.  This happens before %ENV
+         * is initialized in S_init_postdump_symbols().
+         *
+         * XXX Is this a bug? Should S_find_script() use the environment
+         * XXX passed in the `env` arg to parse_perl()?
+         */
+        putenv(ansi_path);
+        /* Keep system environment in sync because S_init_postdump_symbols()
+         * will not call mg_set() if it initializes %ENV from `environ`.
+         */
+        SetEnvironmentVariableA("PATH", ansi_path+5);
+        win32_free(ansi_path);
+    }
+    win32_free(wide_path);
+}
+
+void
+Perl_win32_init(int *argcp, char ***argvp)
+{
+#ifdef SET_INVALID_PARAMETER_HANDLER
+    _invalid_parameter_handler oldHandler, newHandler;
+    newHandler = my_invalid_parameter_handler;
+    oldHandler = _set_invalid_parameter_handler(newHandler);
+    _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_ASSERT, 0);
+#endif
+    /* Disable floating point errors, Perl will trap the ones we
+     * care about.  VC++ RTL defaults to switching these off
+     * already, but some RTLs don't.  Since we don't
+     * want to be at the vendor's whim on the default, we set
+     * it explicitly here.
+     */
+#if !defined(__GNUC__)
+    _control87(MCW_EM, MCW_EM);
+#endif
+    MALLOC_INIT;
+
+    /* When the manifest resource requests Common-Controls v6 then
+     * user32.dll no longer registers all the Windows classes used for
+     * standard controls but leaves some of them to be registered by
+     * comctl32.dll.  InitCommonControls() doesn't do anything but calling
+     * it makes sure comctl32.dll gets loaded into the process and registers
+     * the standard control classes.  Without this even normal Windows APIs
+     * like MessageBox() can fail under some versions of Windows XP.
+     */
+    InitCommonControls();
+
+    g_osver.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(g_osver);
+    GetVersionEx(&g_osver);
+
+#ifdef WIN32_DYN_IOINFO_SIZE
+    {
+	Size_t ioinfo_size = _msize((void*)__pioinfo[0]);;
+	if((SSize_t)ioinfo_size <= 0) { /* -1 is err */
+	    fprintf(stderr, "panic: invalid size for ioinfo\n"); /* no interp */
+	    exit(1);
+	}
+	ioinfo_size /= IOINFO_ARRAY_ELTS;
+	w32_ioinfo_size = ioinfo_size;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    ansify_path();
+}
+
+void
+Perl_win32_term(void)
+{
+    HINTS_REFCNT_TERM;
+    OP_REFCNT_TERM;
+    PERLIO_TERM;
+    MALLOC_TERM;
+}
+
+void
+win32_get_child_IO(child_IO_table* ptbl)
+{
+    ptbl->childStdIn	= GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
+    ptbl->childStdOut	= GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
+    ptbl->childStdErr	= GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
+}
+
+Sighandler_t
+win32_signal(int sig, Sighandler_t subcode)
+{
+    dTHXa(NULL);
+    if (sig < SIG_SIZE) {
+	int save_errno = errno;
+	Sighandler_t result;
+#ifdef SET_INVALID_PARAMETER_HANDLER
+	/* Silence our invalid parameter handler since we expect to make some
+	 * calls with invalid signal numbers giving a SIG_ERR result. */
+	BOOL oldvalue = set_silent_invalid_parameter_handler(TRUE);
+#endif
+	result = signal(sig, subcode);
+#ifdef SET_INVALID_PARAMETER_HANDLER
+	set_silent_invalid_parameter_handler(oldvalue);
+#endif
+	aTHXa(PERL_GET_THX);
+	if (result == SIG_ERR) {
+	    result = w32_sighandler[sig];
+	    errno = save_errno;
+	}
+	w32_sighandler[sig] = subcode;
+	return result;
+    }
+    else {
+	errno = EINVAL;
+	return SIG_ERR;
+    }
+}
+
+/* The PerlMessageWindowClass's WindowProc */
+LRESULT CALLBACK
+win32_message_window_proc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
+{
+    return win32_process_message(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam) ?
+        0 : DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
+}
+
+/* The real message handler. Can be called with
+ * hwnd == NULL to process our thread messages. Returns TRUE for any messages
+ * that it processes */
+static LRESULT
+win32_process_message(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
+{
+    /* BEWARE. The context retrieved using dTHX; is the context of the
+     * 'parent' thread during the CreateWindow() phase - i.e. for all messages
+     * up to and including WM_CREATE.  If it ever happens that you need the
+     * 'child' context before this, then it needs to be passed into
+     * win32_create_message_window(), and passed to the WM_NCCREATE handler
+     * from the lparam of CreateWindow().  It could then be stored/retrieved
+     * using [GS]etWindowLongPtr(... GWLP_USERDATA ...), possibly eliminating
+     * the dTHX calls here. */
+    /* XXX For now it is assumed that the overhead of the dTHX; for what
+     * are relativley infrequent code-paths, is better than the added
+     * complexity of getting the correct context passed into
+     * win32_create_message_window() */
+    dTHX;
+
+    switch(msg) {
+
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+        case WM_USER_MESSAGE: {
+            long child = find_pseudo_pid(aTHX_ (int)wParam);
+            if (child >= 0) {
+                w32_pseudo_child_message_hwnds[child] = (HWND)lParam;
+                return 1;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        case WM_USER_KILL: {
+            /* We use WM_USER_KILL to fake kill() with other signals */
+            int sig = (int)wParam;
+            if (do_raise(aTHX_ sig))
+                sig_terminate(aTHX_ sig);
+
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        case WM_TIMER: {
+            /* alarm() is a one-shot but SetTimer() repeats so kill it */
+            if (w32_timerid && w32_timerid==(UINT)wParam) {
+                KillTimer(w32_message_hwnd, w32_timerid);
+                w32_timerid=0;
+
+                /* Now fake a call to signal handler */
+                if (do_raise(aTHX_ 14))
+                    sig_terminate(aTHX_ 14);
+
+                return 1;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+            break;
+
+    } /* switch */
+
+    /* Above or other stuff may have set a signal flag, and we may not have
+     * been called from win32_async_check() (e.g. some other GUI's message
+     * loop.  BUT DON'T dispatch signals here: If someone has set a SIGALRM
+     * handler that die's, and the message loop that calls here is wrapped
+     * in an eval, then you may well end up with orphaned windows - signals
+     * are dispatched by win32_async_check() */
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void
+win32_create_message_window_class(void)
+{
+    /* create the window class for "message only" windows */
+    WNDCLASS wc;
+
+    Zero(&wc, 1, wc);
+    wc.lpfnWndProc = win32_message_window_proc;
+    wc.hInstance = (HINSTANCE)GetModuleHandle(NULL);
+    wc.lpszClassName = "PerlMessageWindowClass";
+
+    /* second and subsequent calls will fail, but class
+     * will already be registered */
+    RegisterClass(&wc);
+}
+
+HWND
+win32_create_message_window(void)
+{
+    win32_create_message_window_class();
+    return CreateWindow("PerlMessageWindowClass", "PerlMessageWindow",
+                        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, HWND_MESSAGE, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_INTERP_INTERN
+
+static void
+win32_csighandler(int sig)
+{
+#if 0
+    dTHXa(PERL_GET_SIG_CONTEXT);
+    Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Got signal %d",sig);
+#endif
+    /* Does nothing */
+}
+
+#if defined(__MINGW32__) && defined(__cplusplus)
+#define CAST_HWND__(x) (HWND__*)(x)
+#else
+#define CAST_HWND__(x) x
+#endif
+
+void
+Perl_sys_intern_init(pTHX)
+{
+    int i;
+
+    w32_perlshell_tokens	= NULL;
+    w32_perlshell_vec		= (char**)NULL;
+    w32_perlshell_items		= 0;
+    w32_fdpid			= newAV();
+    Newx(w32_children, 1, child_tab);
+    w32_num_children		= 0;
+#  ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+    w32_pseudo_id		= 0;
+    Newx(w32_pseudo_children, 1, pseudo_child_tab);
+    w32_num_pseudo_children	= 0;
+#  endif
+    w32_timerid                 = 0;
+    w32_message_hwnd            = CAST_HWND__(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
+    w32_poll_count              = 0;
+    for (i=0; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
+    	w32_sighandler[i] = SIG_DFL;
+    }
+#  ifdef MULTIPLICITY
+    if (my_perl == PL_curinterp) {
+#  else
+    {
+#  endif
+	/* Force C runtime signal stuff to set its console handler */
+	signal(SIGINT,win32_csighandler);
+	signal(SIGBREAK,win32_csighandler);
+
+        /* We spawn asynchronous processes with the CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP
+         * flag.  This has the side-effect of disabling Ctrl-C events in all
+         * processes in this group.
+         * We re-enable Ctrl-C handling by calling SetConsoleCtrlHandler()
+         * with a NULL handler.
+         */
+        SetConsoleCtrlHandler(NULL,FALSE);
+
+	/* Push our handler on top */
+	SetConsoleCtrlHandler(win32_ctrlhandler,TRUE);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Perl_sys_intern_clear(pTHX)
+{
+    Safefree(w32_perlshell_tokens);
+    Safefree(w32_perlshell_vec);
+    /* NOTE: w32_fdpid is freed by sv_clean_all() */
+    Safefree(w32_children);
+    if (w32_timerid) {
+    	KillTimer(w32_message_hwnd, w32_timerid);
+    	w32_timerid = 0;
+    }
+    if (w32_message_hwnd != NULL && w32_message_hwnd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+        DestroyWindow(w32_message_hwnd);
+#  ifdef MULTIPLICITY
+    if (my_perl == PL_curinterp) {
+#  else
+    {
+#  endif
+	SetConsoleCtrlHandler(win32_ctrlhandler,FALSE);
+    }
+#  ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+    Safefree(w32_pseudo_children);
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+
+void
+Perl_sys_intern_dup(pTHX_ struct interp_intern *src, struct interp_intern *dst)
+{
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SYS_INTERN_DUP;
+
+    dst->perlshell_tokens	= NULL;
+    dst->perlshell_vec		= (char**)NULL;
+    dst->perlshell_items	= 0;
+    dst->fdpid			= newAV();
+    Newxz(dst->children, 1, child_tab);
+    dst->pseudo_id		= 0;
+    Newxz(dst->pseudo_children, 1, pseudo_child_tab);
+    dst->timerid                = 0;
+    dst->message_hwnd		= CAST_HWND__(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
+    dst->poll_count             = 0;
+    Copy(src->sigtable,dst->sigtable,SIG_SIZE,Sighandler_t);
+}
+#  endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
+#endif /* HAVE_INTERP_INTERN */