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author	HackEso <hackeso@esolangs.org>
date	Tue, 27 Nov 2018 22:55:08 +0000
parents	b1dbfb6bf061
children	1a1efbb43242

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 Magic: The Gathering Comprehensive Rules
-These rules are effective as of September 29, 2017.
+These rules are effective as of October 5, 2018.
 Introduction
-This document is designed for people whoâ€™ve moved beyond the basics of the Magic: The GatheringÂ® game. If youâ€™re a beginning Magicâ„¢ player, youâ€™ll probably find these rules intimidating. Theyâ€™re intended to be the ultimate authority for the game, and you wonâ€™t usually need to refer to them except in specific cases or during competitive games.
+This document is the ultimate authority for Magic: The Gathering® competitive game play. It consists of a series of numbered rules followed by a glossary. Many of the numbered rules are divided into subrules, and each separate rule and subrule of the game has its own number. (Note that subrules skip the letters “l” and “o” due to potential confusion with the numbers “1” and “0”; subrule 704.5k is followed by 704.5m, then 704.5n, then 704.5p, for example.)
-For casual play and most ordinary situations, youâ€™ll find what you need in the Magic: The Gathering basic rules. You can download a copy of the basic rules PDF from the Wizards of the CoastÂ® Magic rules website at Magic.Wizards.com/Rules. If youâ€™re sure this is where you want to be, keep reading.
+Changes may have been made to this document since its publication. You can download the most recent version from the Magic rules website at Magic.Wizards.com/Rules. If you have questions, you can get the answers from us at Support.Wizards.com.
-This document includes a series of numbered rules followed by a glossary. Many of the numbered rules are divided into subrules, and each separate rule and subrule of the game has its own number. (Note that subrules skip the letters â€œlâ€ and â€œoâ€ due to potential confusion with the numbers â€œ1â€ and â€œ0â€; subrule 704.5k is followed by 704.5m, then 704.5n, then 704.5p, for example.)
-We at Wizards of the Coast recognize that no matter how detailed the rules, situations will arise in which the interaction of specific cards requires a precise answer. If you have questions, you can get the answers from us at Wizards.com/CustomerService. Additional contact information is on the last page of these rules.
-In response to play issues and to keep these rules as current as possible, changes may have been made to this document since its publication. You can download the most recent version from the Magic rules website at Magic.Wizards.com/Rules.
 Contents
 1. Game Concepts
 100. General
 709. Flip Cards
 710. Leveler Cards
 711. Double-Faced Cards
 712. Meld Cards
 713. Checklist Cards
-714. Controlling Another Player
+714. Saga Cards
-715. Ending the Turn
+715. Controlling Another Player
-716. The Monarch
+716. Ending the Turn
-717. Restarting the Game
+717. The Monarch
-718. Subgames
+718. Restarting the Game
-719. Taking Shortcuts
+719. Subgames
-720. Handling Illegal Actions
+720. Taking Shortcuts
+721. Handling Illegal Actions
 8. Multiplayer Rules
 800. General
 801. Limited Range of Influence Option
 802. Attack Multiple Players Option
 100.1. These Magic rules apply to any Magic game with two or more players, including two-player games and multiplayer games.
 100.1a A two-player game is a game that begins with only two players.
-100.1b A multiplayer game is a game that begins with more than two players. See section 8, â€œMultiplayer Rules.â€
+100.1b A multiplayer game is a game that begins with more than two players. See section 8, “Multiplayer Rules.”
-100.2. To play, each player needs his or her own deck of traditional Magic cards, small items to represent any tokens and counters, and some way to clearly track life totals.
+100.2. To play, each player needs their own deck of traditional Magic cards, small items to represent any tokens and counters, and some way to clearly track life totals.
-100.2a In constructed play (a way of playing in which each player creates his or her own deck ahead of time), each deck must contain at least sixty cards. A constructed deck may contain any number of basic land cards and no more than four of any card with a particular English name other than basic land cards.
+100.2a In constructed play (a way of playing in which each player creates their own deck ahead of time), each deck must contain at least sixty cards. A constructed deck may contain any number of basic land cards and no more than four of any card with a particular English name other than basic land cards.
-100.2b In limited play (a way of playing in which each player gets the same quantity of unopened Magic product such as booster packs and creates his or her own deck using only this product and basic land cards), each deck must contain at least forty cards. A limited deck may contain as many duplicates of a card as are included with the product.
+100.2b In limited play (a way of playing in which each player gets the same quantity of unopened Magic product such as booster packs and creates their own deck using only this product and basic land cards), each deck must contain at least forty cards. A limited deck may contain as many duplicates of a card as are included with the product.
-100.3. Some casual variants require additional items, such as specially designated cards, nontraditional Magic cards, and dice. See section 9, â€œCasual Variants.â€
+100.3. Some casual variants require additional items, such as specially designated cards, nontraditional Magic cards, and dice. See section 9, “Casual Variants.”
-100.4. Each player may also have a sideboard, which is a group of additional cards the player may use to modify his or her deck between games of a match.
+100.4. Each player may also have a sideboard, which is a group of additional cards the player may use to modify their deck between games of a match.
 100.4a In constructed play, a sideboard may contain no more than fifteen cards. The four-card limit (see rule 100.2a) applies to the combined deck and sideboard.
-100.4b In limited play involving individual players, all cards in a playerâ€™s card pool not included in his or her deck are in that playerâ€™s sideboard.
+100.4b In limited play involving individual players, all cards in a player’s card pool not included in their deck are in that player’s sideboard.
-100.4c In limited play involving the Two-Headed Giant multiplayer variant, all cards in a teamâ€™s card pool but not in either playerâ€™s deck are in that teamâ€™s sideboard.
+100.4c In limited play involving the Two-Headed Giant multiplayer variant, all cards in a team’s card pool but not in either player’s deck are in that team’s sideboard.
-100.4d In limited play involving other multiplayer team variants, each card in a teamâ€™s card pool but not in any playerâ€™s deck is assigned to the sideboard of one of those players. Each player has his or her own sideboard; cards may not be transferred between players.
+100.4d In limited play involving other multiplayer team variants, each card in a team’s card pool but not in any player’s deck is assigned to the sideboard of one of those players. Each player has their own sideboard; cards may not be transferred between players.
 100.5. There is no maximum deck size.
 100.6. Most Magic tournaments (organized play activities where players compete against other players to win prizes) have additional rules covered in the Magic: The Gathering Tournament Rules (found at WPN.Wizards.com/en/resources/rules-documents). These rules may limit the use of some cards, including barring all cards from some older sets.
 100.6a Tournaments usually consist of a series of matches. A two-player match usually involves playing until one player has won two games. A multiplayer match usually consists of only one game.
 100.6b Players can use the Magic Store & Event Locator at Wizards.com/Locator to find tournaments in their area.
+100.7. Certain promotional cards and cards in the Unglued, Unhinged, and Unstable sets are printed with a silver border. These cards are intended for casual play and may have features and text that aren’t covered by these rules.
 101. The Magic Golden Rules
-101.1. Whenever a cardâ€™s text directly contradicts these rules, the card takes precedence. The card overrides only the rule that applies to that specific situation. The only exception is that a player can concede the game at any time (see rule 104.3a).
+101.1. Whenever a card’s text directly contradicts these rules, the card takes precedence. The card overrides only the rule that applies to that specific situation. The only exception is that a player can concede the game at any time (see rule 104.3a).
-101.2. When a rule or effect allows or directs something to happen, and another effect states that it canâ€™t happen, the â€œcanâ€™tâ€ effect takes precedence.
+101.2. When a rule or effect allows or directs something to happen, and another effect states that it can’t happen, the “can’t” effect takes precedence.
-Example: If one effect reads â€œYou may play an additional land this turnâ€ and another reads â€œYou canâ€™t play land cards this turn,â€ the effect that precludes you from playing lands wins.
+Example: If one effect reads “You may play an additional land this turn” and another reads “You can’t play lands this turn,” the effect that precludes you from playing lands wins.
-101.2a Adding abilities to objects and removing abilities from objects donâ€™t fall under this rule. (See rule 112.10.)
+101.2a Adding abilities to objects and removing abilities from objects don’t fall under this rule. (See rule 112.10.)
-101.3. Any part of an instruction thatâ€™s impossible to perform is ignored. (In many cases the card will specify consequences for this; if it doesnâ€™t, thereâ€™s no effect.)
+101.3. Any part of an instruction that’s impossible to perform is ignored. (In many cases the card will specify consequences for this; if it doesn’t, there’s no effect.)
-101.4. If multiple players would make choices and/or take actions at the same time, the active player (the player whose turn it is) makes any choices required, then the next player in turn order (usually the player seated to the active playerâ€™s left) makes any choices required, followed by the remaining nonactive players in turn order. Then the actions happen simultaneously. This rule is often referred to as the â€œActive Player, Nonactive Player (APNAP) orderâ€ rule.
+101.4. If multiple players would make choices and/or take actions at the same time, the active player (the player whose turn it is) makes any choices required, then the next player in turn order (usually the player seated to the active player’s left) makes any choices required, followed by the remaining nonactive players in turn order. Then the actions happen simultaneously. This rule is often referred to as the “Active Player, Nonactive Player (APNAP) order” rule.
-Example: A card reads â€œEach player sacrifices a creature.â€ First, the active player chooses a creature he or she controls. Then each of the nonactive players, in turn order, chooses a creature he or she controls. Then all creatures chosen this way are sacrificed simultaneously.
+Example: A card reads “Each player sacrifices a creature.” First, the active player chooses a creature they control. Then each of the nonactive players, in turn order, chooses a creature they control. Then all creatures chosen this way are sacrificed simultaneously.
-101.4a If an effect has each player choose a card in a hidden zone, such as his or her hand or library, those cards may remain face down as theyâ€™re chosen. However, each player must clearly indicate which face-down card he or she is choosing.
+101.4a If an effect has each player choose a card in a hidden zone, such as their hand or library, those cards may remain face down as they’re chosen. However, each player must clearly indicate which face-down card they are choosing.
-101.4b A player knows the choices made by the previous players when he or she makes his or her choice, except as specified in 101.4a.
+101.4b A player knows the choices made by the previous players when making their choice, except as specified in 101.4a.
-101.4c If a player would make more than one choice at the same time, the player makes the choices in the order written, or in the order he or she chooses if the choices arenâ€™t ordered.
+101.4c If a player would make more than one choice at the same time, the player makes the choices in the order specified. If no order is specified, they player chooses the order.
 101.4d If a choice made by a nonactive player causes the active player, or a different nonactive player earlier in the turn order, to have to make a choice, APNAP order is restarted for all outstanding choices.
 102. Players
 102.1. A player is one of the people in the game. The active player is the player whose turn it is. The other players are nonactive players.
-102.2. In a two-player game, a playerâ€™s opponent is the other player.
+102.2. In a two-player game, a player’s opponent is the other player.
-102.3. In a multiplayer game between teams, a playerâ€™s teammates are the other players on his or her team, and the playerâ€™s opponents are all players not on his or her team.
+102.3. In a multiplayer game between teams, a player’s teammates are the other players on their team, and the player’s opponents are all players not on their team.
+102.4. A spell or ability may use the term “your team” as shorthand for “you and/or your teammates.” In a game that isn’t a multiplayer game between teams, “your team” means the same thing as “you.”
 103. Starting the Game
-103.1. At the start of a game, each player shuffles his or her deck so that the cards are in a random order. Each player may then shuffle or cut his or her opponentsâ€™ decks. The playersâ€™ decks become their libraries.
+103.1. At the start of a game, each player shuffles their deck so that the cards are in a random order. Each player may then shuffle or cut their opponents’ decks. The players’ decks become their libraries.
 103.1a If a player is using a sideboard (see rule 100.4) or cards being represented by checklist cards (see rule 713), those cards are set aside before shuffling.
-103.1b In a Commander game, each player puts his or her commander from his or her deck face up into the command zone before shuffling. See rule 903.6.
+103.1b In a Commander game, each player puts their commander from their deck face up into the command zone before shuffling. See rule 903.6.
-103.1c In a Conspiracy Draft game, each player puts any number of conspiracy cards from his or her sideboard into the command zone before shuffling. See rule 905.4.
+103.1c In a Conspiracy Draft game, each player puts any number of conspiracy cards from their sideboard into the command zone before shuffling. See rule 905.4.
-103.2. After the decks have been shuffled, the players determine which one of them will choose who takes the first turn. In the first game of a match (including a single-game match), the players may use any mutually agreeable method (flipping a coin, rolling dice, etc.) to do so. In a match of several games, the loser of the previous game chooses who takes the first turn. If the previous game was a draw, the player who made the choice in that game makes the choice in this game. The player chosen to take the first turn is the starting player. The gameâ€™s default turn order begins with the starting player and proceeds clockwise.
+103.2. After the decks have been shuffled, the players determine which one of them will choose who takes the first turn. In the first game of a match (including a single-game match), the players may use any mutually agreeable method (flipping a coin, rolling dice, etc.) to do so. In a match of several games, the loser of the previous game chooses who takes the first turn. If the previous game was a draw, the player who made the choice in that game makes the choice in this game. The player chosen to take the first turn is the starting player. The game’s default turn order begins with the starting player and proceeds clockwise.
 103.2a In a game using the shared team turns option, there is a starting team rather than a starting player.
-103.2b In an Archenemy game, these methods arenâ€™t used to determine who takes the first turn. Rather, the archenemy takes the first turn.
+103.2b In an Archenemy game, these methods aren’t used to determine who takes the first turn. Rather, the archenemy takes the first turn.
 103.2c One card (Power Play) states that its controller is the starting player. This effect supersedes these methods.
 103.3. Each player begins the game with a starting life total of 20. Some variant games have different starting life totals.
-103.3a In a Two-Headed Giant game, each teamâ€™s starting life total is 30.
+103.3a In a Two-Headed Giant game, each team’s starting life total is 30.
-103.3b In a Vanguard game, each playerâ€™s starting life total is 20 plus or minus the life modifier of his or her vanguard card.
+103.3b In a Vanguard game, each player’s starting life total is 20 plus or minus the life modifier of their vanguard card.
-103.3c In a Commander game, each playerâ€™s starting life total is 40.
+103.3c In a Commander game, each player’s starting life total is 40.
-103.3d In an Archenemy game, the archenemyâ€™s starting life total is 40.
+103.3d In a two-player Brawl game, each player’s starting life total is 25. In a multiplayer Brawl game, each player’s starting life total is 30.
-103.4. Each player draws a number of cards equal to his or her starting hand size, which is normally seven. (Some effects can modify a playerâ€™s starting hand size.) A player who is dissatisfied with his or her initial hand may take a mulligan. First, the starting player declares whether or not he or she will take a mulligan. Then each other player in turn order does the same. Once each player has made a declaration, all players who decided to take mulligans do so at the same time. To take a mulligan, a player shuffles his or her hand back into his or her library, then draws a new hand of one fewer cards than he or she had before. If a player kept his or her hand of cards, those cards become the playerâ€™s opening hand, and that player may not take any further mulligans. This process is then repeated until no player takes a mulligan. (Note that if a playerâ€™s hand size reaches zero cards, that player must keep that hand.) After all players have kept an opening hand, each player in turn order whose hand contains fewer cards than that playerâ€™s starting hand size may look at the top card of his or her library. If a player does, that player may put that card on the bottom of his or her library.
+103.3e In an Archenemy game, the archenemy’s starting life total is 40.
-103.4a In a Vanguard game, each playerâ€™s starting hand size is seven plus or minus the hand modifier of his or her vanguard card.
+103.4. Each player draws a number of cards equal to their starting hand size, which is normally seven. (Some effects can modify a player’s starting hand size.) A player who is dissatisfied with their initial hand may take a mulligan. First, the starting player declares whether they will take a mulligan. Then each other player in turn order does the same. Once each player has made a declaration, all players who decided to take mulligans do so at the same time. To take a mulligan, a player shuffles their hand back into their library, then draws a new hand of one fewer cards than they had before. If a player kept their hand of cards, those cards become the player’s opening hand, and that player may not take any further mulligans. This process is then repeated until no player takes a mulligan. (Note that if a player’s hand size reaches zero cards, that player must keep that hand.) After all players have kept an opening hand, each player in turn order whose hand contains fewer cards than that player’s starting hand size may look at the top card of their library. If a player does, that player may put that card on the bottom of their library.
-103.4b If an effect allows a player to perform an action â€œany time [that player] could mulligan,â€ the player may perform that action at a time he or she would declare whether or not he or she will take a mulligan. This need not be in the first round of mulligans. Other players may have already made their mulligan declarations by the time the player has the option to perform this action. If the player performs the action, he or she then declares whether or not he or she will take a mulligan.
+103.4a In a Vanguard game, each player’s starting hand size is seven plus or minus the hand modifier of their vanguard card.
-103.4c In a multiplayer game, the first time a player takes a mulligan, he or she draws a new hand of as many cards as he or she had before. Subsequent hands decrease by one card as normal.
+103.4b If an effect allows a player to perform an action “any time [that player] could mulligan,” the player may perform that action at a time they would declare whether they will take a mulligan. This need not be in the first round of mulligans. Other players may have already made their mulligan declarations by the time the player has the option to perform this action. If the player performs the action, they then declare whether they will take a mulligan.
-103.4d In a multiplayer game using the shared team turns option, first each player on the starting team declares whether or not he or she will take a mulligan, then the players on each other team in turn order do the same. Teammates may consult while making their decisions. Then all mulligans are taken at the same time. A player may take a mulligan even after his or her teammate has decided to keep his or her opening hand.
+103.4c In a multiplayer game and in any Brawl game, the first time a player takes a mulligan, they draw a new hand of as many cards as they had before. Subsequent hands decrease by one card as normal.
-103.5. Some cards allow a player to take actions with them from his or her opening hand. Once the mulligan process (see rule 103.4) is complete, the starting player may take any such actions in any order. Then each other player in turn order may do the same.
+103.4d In a multiplayer game using the shared team turns option, first each player on the starting team declares whether that player will take a mulligan, then the players on each other team in turn order do the same. Teammates may consult while making their decisions. Then all mulligans are taken at the same time. A player may take a mulligan even after a teammate has decided to keep their opening hand.
+103.5. Some cards allow a player to take actions with them from their opening hand. Once the mulligan process (see rule 103.4) is complete, the starting player may take any such actions in any order. Then each other player in turn order may do the same.
 103.5a If a card allows a player to begin the game with that card on the battlefield, the player taking this action puts that card onto the battlefield.
-103.5b If a card allows a player to reveal it from his or her opening hand, the player taking this action does so. The card remains revealed until the first turn begins. Each card may be revealed this way only once.
+103.5b If a card allows a player to reveal it from their opening hand, the player taking this action does so. The card remains revealed until the first turn begins. Each card may be revealed this way only once.
 103.5c In a multiplayer game using the shared team turns option, first each player on the starting team, in whatever order that team likes, may take such actions. Teammates may consult while making their decisions. Then each player on each other team in turn order does the same.
-103.6. In a Planechase game, the starting player moves the top card of his or her planar deck off that planar deck and turns it face up. If itâ€™s a plane card, that card is the starting plane. If itâ€™s a phenomenon card, the player puts that card on the bottom of his or her planar deck and repeats this process until a plane card is turned face up. (See rule 901, â€œPlanechase.â€)
+103.6. In a Planechase game, the starting player moves the top card of their planar deck off that planar deck and turns it face up. If it’s a phenomenon card, the player puts that card on the bottom of their planar deck and repeats this process until a plane card is turned face up. The face-up plane card becomes the starting plane. (See rule 901, “Planechase.”)
-103.7. The starting player takes his or her first turn.
+103.7. The starting player takes their first turn.
-103.7a In a two-player game, the player who plays first skips the draw step (see rule 504, â€œDraw Stepâ€) of his or her first turn.
+103.7a In a two-player game, the player who plays first skips the draw step (see rule 504, “Draw Step”) of their first turn.
 103.7b In a Two-Headed Giant game, the team who plays first skips the draw step of their first turn.
-103.7c In all other multiplayer games, no player skips the draw step of his or her first turn.
+103.7c In all other multiplayer games, no player skips the draw step of their first turn.
 104. Ending the Game
 104.1. A game ends immediately when a player wins, when the game is a draw, or when the game is restarted.
 104.2. There are several ways to win the game.
-104.2a A player still in the game wins the game if that playerâ€™s opponents have all left the game. This happens immediately and overrides all effects that would preclude that player from winning the game.
+104.2a A player still in the game wins the game if that player’s opponents have all left the game. This happens immediately and overrides all effects that would preclude that player from winning the game.
 104.2b An effect may state that a player wins the game.
 104.2c In a multiplayer game between teams, a team with at least one player still in the game wins the game if all other teams have left the game. Each player on the winning team wins the game, even if one or more of those players had previously lost that game.
 104.2d In an Emperor game, a team wins the game if its emperor wins the game. (See rule 809.5.)
 104.3. There are several ways to lose the game.
-104.3a A player can concede the game at any time. A player who concedes leaves the game immediately. He or she loses the game.
+104.3a A player can concede the game at any time. A player who concedes leaves the game immediately. That player loses the game.
-104.3b If a playerâ€™s life total is 0 or less, he or she loses the game the next time a player would receive priority. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
+104.3b If a player’s life total is 0 or less, that player loses the game the next time a player would receive priority. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
-104.3c If a player is required to draw more cards than are left in his or her library, he or she draws the remaining cards, and then loses the game the next time a player would receive priority. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
+104.3c If a player is required to draw more cards than are left in their library, they draw the remaining cards and then lose the game the next time a player would receive priority. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
-104.3d If a player has ten or more poison counters, he or she loses the game the next time a player would receive priority. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
+104.3d If a player has ten or more poison counters, that player loses the game the next time a player would receive priority. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
 104.3e An effect may state that a player loses the game.
-104.3f If a player would both win and lose the game simultaneously, he or she loses the game.
+104.3f If a player would both win and lose the game simultaneously, that player loses the game.
 104.3g In a multiplayer game between teams, a team loses the game if all players on that team have lost the game.
-104.3h In a multiplayer game using the limited range of influence option (see rule 801), an effect that states that a player wins the game instead causes all of that playerâ€™s opponents within the playerâ€™s range of influence to lose the game. This may not cause the game to end.
+104.3h In a multiplayer game using the limited range of influence option (see rule 801), an effect that states that a player wins the game instead causes all of that player’s opponents within the player’s range of influence to lose the game. This may not cause the game to end.
 104.3i In an Emperor game, a team loses the game if its emperor loses the game. (See rule 809.5.)
-104.3j In a Commander game, a player thatâ€™s been dealt 21 or more combat damage by the same commander over the course of the game loses the game. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704. See also rule 903.10.)
+104.3j In a Commander game, a player that’s been dealt 21 or more combat damage by the same commander over the course of the game loses the game. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704. See also rule 903.10.)
 104.3k In a tournament, a player may lose the game as a result of a penalty given by a judge. See rule 100.6.
 104.4. There are several ways for the game to be a draw.
 104.4a If all the players remaining in a game lose simultaneously, the game is a draw.
-104.4b If a game thatâ€™s not using the limited range of influence option (including a two-player game) somehow enters a â€œloopâ€ of mandatory actions, repeating a sequence of events with no way to stop, the game is a draw. Loops that contain an optional action donâ€™t result in a draw.
+104.4b If a game that’s not using the limited range of influence option (including a two-player game) somehow enters a “loop” of mandatory actions, repeating a sequence of events with no way to stop, the game is a draw. Loops that contain an optional action don’t result in a draw.
 104.4c An effect may state that the game is a draw.
 104.4d In a multiplayer game between teams, the game is a draw if all remaining teams lose simultaneously.
-104.4e In a multiplayer game using the limited range of influence option, the effect of a spell or ability that states that the game is a draw causes the game to be a draw for that spell or abilityâ€™s controller and all players within his or her range of influence. Only those players leave the game; the game continues for all other players.
+104.4e In a multiplayer game using the limited range of influence option, the effect of a spell or ability that states that the game is a draw causes the game to be a draw for that spell or ability’s controller and all players within their range of influence. Only those players leave the game; the game continues for all other players.
-104.4f In a multiplayer game using the limited range of influence option, if the game somehow enters a â€œloopâ€ of mandatory actions, repeating a sequence of events with no way to stop, the game is a draw for each player who controls an object thatâ€™s involved in that loop, as well as for each player within the range of influence of any of those players. Only those players leave the game; the game continues for all other players.
+104.4f In a multiplayer game using the limited range of influence option, if the game somehow enters a “loop” of mandatory actions, repeating a sequence of events with no way to stop, the game is a draw for each player who controls an object that’s involved in that loop, as well as for each player within the range of influence of any of those players. Only those players leave the game; the game continues for all other players.
 104.4g In a multiplayer game between teams, the game is a draw for a team if the game is a draw for all remaining players on that team.
 104.4h In the Emperor variant, the game is a draw for a team if the game is a draw for its emperor. (See rule 809.5.)
 104.4i In a tournament, all players in the game may agree to an intentional draw. See rule 100.6.
-104.5. If a player loses the game, he or she leaves the game. If the game is a draw for a player, he or she leaves the game. The multiplayer rules handle what happens when a player leaves the game; see rule 800.4.
+104.5. If a player loses the game, that player leaves the game. If the game is a draw for a player, that player leaves the game. The multiplayer rules handle what happens when a player leaves the game; see rule 800.4.
-104.6. One card (Karn Liberated) restarts the game. All players still in the game when it restarts then immediately begin a new game. See rule 717, â€œRestarting the Game.â€
+104.6. One card (Karn Liberated) restarts the game. All players still in the game when it restarts then immediately begin a new game. See rule 718, “Restarting the Game.”
 105. Colors
 105.1. There are five colors in the Magic game: white, blue, black, red, and green.
-105.2. An object can be one or more of the five colors, or it can be no color at all. An object is the color or colors of the mana symbols in its mana cost, regardless of the color of its frame. An objectâ€™s color or colors may also be defined by a color indicator or a characteristic-defining ability. See rule 202.2.
+105.2. An object can be one or more of the five colors, or it can be no color at all. An object is the color or colors of the mana symbols in its mana cost, regardless of the color of its frame. An object’s color or colors may also be defined by a color indicator or a characteristic-defining ability. See rule 202.2.
 105.2a A monocolored object is exactly one of the five colors.
 105.2b A multicolored object is two or more of the five colors.
 105.2c A colorless object has no color.
-105.3. Effects may change an objectâ€™s color or give a color to a colorless object. If an effect gives an object a new color, the new color replaces all previous colors the object had (unless the effect said the object became that color â€œin additionâ€ to its other colors). Effects may also make a colored object become colorless.
+105.3. Effects may change an object’s color or give a color to a colorless object. If an effect gives an object a new color, the new color replaces all previous colors the object had (unless the effect said the object became that color “in addition” to its other colors). Effects may also make a colored object become colorless.
-105.4. If a player is asked to choose a color, he or she must choose one of the five colors. â€œMulticoloredâ€ is not a color. Neither is â€œcolorless.â€
+105.4. If a player is asked to choose a color, they must choose one of the five colors. “Multicolored” is not a color. Neither is “colorless.”
 106. Mana
 106.1. Mana is the primary resource in the game. Players spend mana to pay costs, usually when casting spells and activating abilities.
 106.1b There are six types of mana: white, blue, black, red, green, and colorless.
 106.2. Mana is represented by mana symbols (see rule 107.4). Mana symbols also represent mana costs (see rule 202).
-106.3. Mana is produced by the effects of mana abilities (see rule 605). It may also be produced by the effects of spells, as well as by the effects of abilities that arenâ€™t mana abilities.
+106.3. Mana is produced by the effects of mana abilities (see rule 605). It may also be produced by the effects of spells, as well as by the effects of abilities that aren’t mana abilities. A spell or ability that produces mana instructs a player to add that mana.
-106.4. When an effect produces mana, that mana goes into a playerâ€™s mana pool. From there, it can be used to pay costs immediately, or it can stay in the playerâ€™s mana pool. Each playerâ€™s mana pool empties at the end of each step and phase.
+106.4. When an effect instructs a player to add mana, that mana goes into a player’s mana pool. From there, it can be used to pay costs immediately, or it can stay in the player’s mana pool as unspent mana. Each player’s mana pool empties at the end of each step and phase, and the player is said to lose this mana. Cards with abilities that produce mana or refer to unspent mana have received errata in the Oracle™ card reference to no longer explicitly refer to the mana pool.
-106.4a If a player passes priority (see rule 116) while there is mana in his or her mana pool, that player announces what mana is there. If any mana remains in a playerâ€™s mana pool after he or she spends mana to pay a cost, that player announces what mana is still there.
+106.4a If any mana remains in a player’s mana pool after mana is spent to pay a cost, that player announces what mana is still there.
+106.4b If a player passes priority (see rule 116) while there is mana in their mana pool, that player announces what mana is there.
 106.5. If an ability would produce one or more mana of an undefined type, it produces no mana instead.
-Example: Meteor Crater has the ability â€œ{T}: Choose a color of a permanent you control. Add one mana of that color to your mana pool.â€ If you control no colored permanents, activating Meteor Craterâ€™s mana ability produces no mana.
+Example: Meteor Crater has the ability “{T}: Choose a color of a permanent you control. Add one mana of that color.” If you control no colored permanents, activating Meteor Crater’s mana ability produces no mana.
-106.6. Some spells or abilities that produce mana restrict how that mana can be spent, have an additional effect that affects the spell or ability that mana is spent on, or create a delayed triggered ability (see rule 603.7a) that triggers when that mana is spent. This doesnâ€™t affect the manaâ€™s type.
+106.6. Some spells or abilities that produce mana restrict how that mana can be spent, have an additional effect that affects the spell or ability that mana is spent on, or create a delayed triggered ability (see rule 603.7a) that triggers when that mana is spent. This doesn’t affect the mana’s type.
-Example: A playerâ€™s mana pool contains {R}{G} which can be spent only to cast creature spells. That player activates Doubling Cubeâ€™s ability, which reads â€œ{3}, {T}: Double the amount of each type of mana in your mana pool.â€ The playerâ€™s mana pool now has {R}{R}{G}{G} in it, {R}{G} of which can be spent on anything.
+Example: A player’s mana pool contains {R}{G} which can be spent only to cast creature spells. That player activates Doubling Cube’s ability, which reads “{3}, {T}: Double the amount of each type of unspent mana you have.” The player’s mana pool now has {R}{R}{G}{G} in it, {R}{G} of which can be spent on anything.
-106.6a Some replacement effects increase the amount of mana produced by a spell or ability. In these cases, any restrictions or additional effects created by the spell or ability will apply to all mana produced. If the spell or ability creates a delayed triggered ability that triggers when the mana is spent, a separate delayed triggered ability is created for each mana produced.
+106.6a Some replacement effects increase the amount of mana produced by a spell or ability. In these cases, any restrictions or additional effects created by the spell or ability will apply to all mana produced. If the spell or ability creates a delayed triggered ability that triggers when the mana is spent, a separate delayed triggered ability is created for each mana produced. If the spell or ability creates a continuous effect or replacement effect if the mana is spent, a separate effect is created once for each mana produced.
-106.7. Some abilities produce mana based on the type of mana another permanent or permanents â€œcould produce.â€ The type of mana a permanent could produce at any time includes any type of mana that an ability of that permanent would produce if the ability were to resolve at that time, taking into account any applicable replacement effects in any possible order. Ignore whether any costs of the ability could or could not be paid. If that permanent wouldnâ€™t produce any mana under these conditions, or no type of mana can be defined this way, thereâ€™s no type of mana it could produce.
+106.7. Some abilities produce mana based on the type of mana another permanent or permanents “could produce.” The type of mana a permanent could produce at any time includes any type of mana that an ability of that permanent would produce if the ability were to resolve at that time, taking into account any applicable replacement effects in any possible order. Ignore whether any costs of the ability could or could not be paid. If that permanent wouldn’t produce any mana under these conditions, or no type of mana can be defined this way, there’s no type of mana it could produce.
-Example: Exotic Orchard has the ability â€œ{T}: Add to your mana pool one mana of any color that a land an opponent controls could produce.â€ If your opponent controls no lands, activating Exotic Orchardâ€™s mana ability will produce no mana. The same is true if you and your opponent each control no lands other than Exotic Orchards. However, if you control a Forest and an Exotic Orchard, and your opponent controls an Exotic Orchard, then each Exotic Orchard could produce {G}.
+Example: Exotic Orchard has the ability “{T}: Add one mana of any color that a land an opponent controls could produce.” If your opponent controls no lands, activating Exotic Orchard’s mana ability will produce no mana. The same is true if you and your opponent each control no lands other than Exotic Orchards. However, if you control a Forest and an Exotic Orchard, and your opponent controls an Exotic Orchard, then each Exotic Orchard could produce {G}.
-106.8. If an effect would add mana represented by a hybrid mana symbol to a playerâ€™s mana pool, that player chooses one half of that symbol. If a colored half is chosen, one mana of that color is added to that playerâ€™s mana pool. If a colorless half is chosen, an amount of colorless mana represented by that halfâ€™s number is added to that playerâ€™s mana pool.
+106.8. If an effect would add mana represented by a hybrid mana symbol to a player’s mana pool, that player chooses one half of that symbol. If a colored half is chosen, one mana of that color is added to that player’s mana pool. If a colorless half is chosen, an amount of colorless mana represented by that half’s number is added to that player’s mana pool.
-106.9. If an effect would add mana represented by a Phyrexian mana symbol to a playerâ€™s mana pool, one mana of the color of that symbol is added to that playerâ€™s mana pool.
+106.9. If an effect would add mana represented by a Phyrexian mana symbol to a player’s mana pool, one mana of the color of that symbol is added to that player’s mana pool.
-106.10. If an effect would add mana represented by a generic mana symbol to a playerâ€™s mana pool, that much colorless mana is added to that playerâ€™s mana pool.
+106.10. If an effect would add mana represented by a generic mana symbol to a player’s mana pool, that much colorless mana is added to that player’s mana pool.
-106.11. To â€œtap a permanent for manaâ€ is to activate a mana ability of that permanent that includes the {T} symbol in its activation cost. See rule 605, â€œMana Abilities.â€
+106.11. To “tap [a permanent] for mana” is to activate a mana ability of that permanent that includes the {T} symbol in its activation cost. See rule 605, “Mana Abilities.”
-106.11a An ability that triggers whenever a permanent â€œis tapped for manaâ€ or â€œis tapped for mana [of a specified type]â€ triggers whenever such a mana ability resolves and produces mana or the specified type of mana.
+106.11a An ability that triggers whenever a permanent “is tapped for mana” or is tapped for mana of a specified type triggers whenever such a mana ability resolves and produces mana or the specified type of mana.
-106.12. One card (Drain Power) puts all mana from one playerâ€™s mana pool into another playerâ€™s mana pool. (Note that these may be the same player.) This empties the former playerâ€™s mana pool and causes the mana emptied this way to be put into the latter playerâ€™s mana pool. Which permanents, spells, and/or abilities produced that mana are unchanged, as are any restrictions or additional effects associated with any of that mana.
+106.11b A replacement effect that applies if a permanent “is tapped for mana” or tapped for mana of a specific type and/or amount modifies the mana production event while such an ability is resolving and producing mana or the specified type and/or amount of mana.
+106.12. One card (Drain Power) causes one player to lose unspent mana and another to add “the mana lost this way.” (Note that these may be the same player.) This empties the former player’s mana pool and causes the mana emptied this way to be put into the latter player’s mana pool. Which permanents, spells, and/or abilities produced that mana are unchanged, as are any restrictions or additional effects associated with any of that mana.
 107. Numbers and Symbols
 107.1. The only numbers the Magic game uses are integers.
-107.1a You canâ€™t choose a fractional number, deal fractional damage, gain fractional life, and so on. If a spell or ability could generate a fractional number, the spell or ability will tell you whether to round up or down.
+107.1a You can’t choose a fractional number, deal fractional damage, gain fractional life, and so on. If a spell or ability could generate a fractional number, the spell or ability will tell you whether to round up or down.
-107.1b Most of the time, the Magic game uses only positive numbers and zero. You canâ€™t choose a negative number, deal negative damage, gain negative life, and so on. However, itâ€™s possible for a game value, such as a creatureâ€™s power, to be less than zero. If a calculation or comparison needs to use a negative value, it does so. If a calculation that would determine the result of an effect yields a negative number, zero is used instead, unless that effect sets a playerâ€™s life total to a specific value, doubles a playerâ€™s life total, or sets a creatureâ€™s power or toughness to a specific value.
+107.1b Most of the time, the Magic game uses only positive numbers and zero. You can’t choose a negative number, deal negative damage, gain negative life, and so on. However, it’s possible for a game value, such as a creature’s power, to be less than zero. If a calculation or comparison needs to use a negative value, it does so. If a calculation that would determine the result of an effect yields a negative number, zero is used instead, unless that effect doubles or sets to a specific value a player’s life total or a creature’s power and/or toughness.
-Example: If a 3/4 creature gets -5/-0, itâ€™s a -2/4 creature. It doesnâ€™t assign damage in combat. Its total power and toughness is 2. Youâ€™d have to give it +3/+0 to raise its power to 1.
+Example: If a 3/4 creature gets -5/-0, it’s a -2/4 creature. It doesn’t assign damage in combat. Its total power and toughness is 2. Giving it +3/+0 would raise its power to 1.
-Example: Viridian Joiner is a 1/2 creature with the ability â€œ{T}: Add to your mana pool an amount of {G} equal to Viridian Joinerâ€™s power.â€ An effect gives it -2/-0, then its ability is activated. The ability adds no mana to your mana pool.
+Example: Viridian Joiner is a 1/2 creature with the ability “{T}: Add an amount of {G} equal to Viridian Joiner’s power.” An effect gives it -2/-0, then its ability is activated. The ability adds no mana to your mana pool.
-Example: Chameleon Colossus is a 4/4 creature with the ability â€œ{2}{G}{G}: Chameleon Colossus gets +X/+X until end of turn, where X is its power.â€ An effect gives it -6/-0, then its ability is activated. It remains a -2/4 creature. It doesnâ€™t become -4/2.
+Example: Chameleon Colossus is a 4/4 creature with the ability “{2}{G}{G}: Chameleon Colossus gets +X/+X until end of turn, where X is its power.” An effect gives it -6/-0, then its ability is activated. It remains a -2/4 creature. It doesn’t become -4/2.
-107.1c If a rule or ability instructs a player to choose â€œany number,â€ that player may choose any positive number or zero, unless something (such as damage or counters) is being divided or distributed among â€œany numberâ€ of players and/or objects. In that case, a nonzero number of players and/or objects must be chosen if possible.
+107.1c If a rule or ability instructs a player to choose “any number,” that player may choose any positive number or zero, unless something (such as damage or counters) is being divided or distributed among “any number” of players and/or objects. In that case, a nonzero number of players and/or objects must be chosen if possible.
-107.2. If anything needs to use a number that canâ€™t be determined, either as a result or in a calculation, it uses 0 instead.
+107.2. If anything needs to use a number that can’t be determined, either as a result or in a calculation, it uses 0 instead.
 107.3. Many objects use the letter X as a placeholder for a number that needs to be determined. Some objects have abilities that define the value of X; the rest let their controller choose the value of X.
-107.3a If a spell or activated ability has a mana cost, alternative cost, additional cost, and/or activation cost with an {X}, [-X], or X in it, and the value of X isnâ€™t defined by the text of that spell or ability, the controller of that spell or ability chooses and announces the value of X as part of casting the spell or activating the ability. (See rule 601, â€œCasting Spells.â€) While a spell is on the stack, any X in its mana cost or in any alternative cost or additional cost it has equals the announced value. While an activated ability is on the stack, any X in its activation cost equals the announced value.
+107.3a If a spell or activated ability has a mana cost, alternative cost, additional cost, and/or activation cost with an {X}, [-X], or X in it, and the value of X isn’t defined by the text of that spell or ability, the controller of that spell or ability chooses and announces the value of X as part of casting the spell or activating the ability. (See rule 601, “Casting Spells.”) While a spell is on the stack, any X in its mana cost or in any alternative cost or additional cost it has equals the announced value. While an activated ability is on the stack, any X in its activation cost equals the announced value.
-107.3b If a player is casting a spell that has an {X} in its mana cost, the value of X isnâ€™t defined by the text of that spell, and an effect lets that player cast that spell while paying neither its mana cost nor an alternative cost that includes X, then the only legal choice for X is 0. This doesnâ€™t apply to effects that only reduce a cost, even if they reduce it to zero. See rule 601, â€œCasting Spells.â€
+107.3b If a player is casting a spell that has an {X} in its mana cost, the value of X isn’t defined by the text of that spell, and an effect lets that player cast that spell while paying neither its mana cost nor an alternative cost that includes X, then the only legal choice for X is 0. This doesn’t apply to effects that only reduce a cost, even if they reduce it to zero. See rule 601, “Casting Spells.”
-107.3c If a spell or activated ability has an {X}, [-X], or X in its cost and/or its text, and the value of X is defined by the text of that spell or ability, then thatâ€™s the value of X while that spell or ability is on the stack. The controller of that spell or ability doesnâ€™t get to choose the value. Note that the value of X may change while that spell or ability is on the stack.
+107.3c If a spell or activated ability has an {X}, [-X], or X in its cost and/or its text, and the value of X is defined by the text of that spell or ability, then that’s the value of X while that spell or ability is on the stack. The controller of that spell or ability doesn’t get to choose the value. Note that the value of X may change while that spell or ability is on the stack.
-107.3d If a cost associated with a special action, such as a suspend cost or a morph cost, has an {X} or an X in it, the value of X is chosen by the player taking the special action as he or she pays that cost.
+107.3d If a cost associated with a special action, such as a suspend cost or a morph cost, has an {X} or an X in it, the value of X is chosen by the player taking the special action as they pay that cost.
-107.3e Sometimes X appears in the text of a spell or ability but not in a mana cost, alternative cost, additional cost, or activation cost. If the value of X isnâ€™t defined, the controller of the spell or ability chooses the value of X at the appropriate time (either as itâ€™s put on the stack or as it resolves).
+107.3e Sometimes X appears in the text of a spell or ability but not in a mana cost, alternative cost, additional cost, or activation cost. If the value of X isn’t defined, the controller of the spell or ability chooses the value of X at the appropriate time (either as it’s put on the stack or as it resolves).
 107.3f If a card in any zone other than the stack has an {X} in its mana cost, the value of {X} is treated as 0, even if the value of X is defined somewhere within its text.
-107.3g If an effect instructs a player to pay an objectâ€™s mana cost that includes {X}, the value of X is treated as 0 unless the object is a spell on the stack. In that case, the value of X is the value chosen or determined for it as the spell was cast.
+107.3g If an effect instructs a player to pay an object’s mana cost that includes {X}, the value of X is treated as 0 unless the object is a spell on the stack. In that case, the value of X is the value chosen or determined for it as the spell was cast.
-107.3h Normally, all instances of X on an object have the same value at any given time. If an object gains an ability, the value of X within that ability is the value defined by that ability, or 0 if that ability doesnâ€™t define a value of X.
+107.3h Normally, all instances of X on an object have the same value at any given time.
-107.3i Some objects use the letter Y in addition to the letter X. Y follows the same rules as X.
+107.3i If an object gains an ability, the value of X within that ability is the value defined by that ability, or 0 if that ability doesn’t define a value of X. This is an exception to rule 107.3h.
+107.3j If an object’s activated ability has an {X}, [-X], or X in its activation cost, the value of X for that ability is independent of any other values of X chosen for that object or for other instances of abilities of that object. This is an exception to rule 107.3h.
+107.3k Some objects use the letter Y in addition to the letter X. Y follows the same rules as X.
 107.4. The mana symbols are {W}, {U}, {B}, {R}, {G}, and {C}; the numerical symbols {0}, {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, and so on; the variable symbol {X}; the hybrid symbols {W/U}, {W/B}, {U/B}, {U/R}, {B/R}, {B/G}, {R/G}, {R/W}, {G/W}, and {G/U}; the monocolored hybrid symbols {2/W}, {2/U}, {2/B}, {2/R}, and {2/G}; the Phyrexian mana symbols {W/P}, {U/P}, {B/P}, {R/P}, and {G/P}; and the snow symbol {S}.
-107.4a There are five primary colored mana symbols: {W} is white, {U} blue, {B} black, {R} red, and {G} green. These symbols are used to represent colored mana, and also to represent colored mana in costs. Colored mana in costs can be paid only with the appropriate color of mana. See rule 202, â€œMana Cost and Color.â€
+107.4a There are five primary colored mana symbols: {W} is white, {U} blue, {B} black, {R} red, and {G} green. These symbols are used to represent colored mana, and also to represent colored mana in costs. Colored mana in costs can be paid only with the appropriate color of mana. See rule 202, “Mana Cost and Color.”
 107.4b Numerical symbols (such as {1}) and variable symbols (such as {X}) represent generic mana in costs. Generic mana in costs can be paid with any type of mana. For more information about {X}, see rule 107.3.
 107.4c The colorless mana symbol {C} is used to represent one colorless mana, and also to represent a cost that can be paid only with one colorless mana.
 107.4f Phyrexian mana symbols are colored mana symbols: {W/P} is white, {U/P} is blue, {B/P} is black, {R/P} is red, and {G/P} is green. A Phyrexian mana symbol represents a cost that can be paid either with one mana of its color or by paying 2 life.
 Example: {W/P}{W/P} can be paid by spending {W}{W}, by spending {W} and paying 2 life, or by paying 4 life.
 107.4g In rules text, the Phyrexian symbol {P} with no colored background means any of the five Phyrexian mana symbols.
-107.4h The snow mana symbol {S} represents one generic mana in a cost. This generic mana can be paid with one mana of any type produced by a snow permanent (see rule 205.4f). Effects that reduce the amount of generic mana you pay donâ€™t affect {S} costs. (There is no such thing as â€œsnow manaâ€; â€œsnowâ€ is not a type of mana.)
+107.4h The snow mana symbol {S} represents one generic mana in a cost. This generic mana can be paid with one mana of any type produced by a snow permanent (see rule 205.4g). Effects that reduce the amount of generic mana you pay don’t affect {S} costs. (There is no such thing as “snow mana”; “snow” is not a type of mana.)
-107.5. The tap symbol is {T}. The tap symbol in an activation cost means â€œTap this permanent.â€ A permanent thatâ€™s already tapped canâ€™t be tapped again to pay the cost. A creatureâ€™s activated ability with the tap symbol in its activation cost canâ€™t be activated unless the creature has been under its controllerâ€™s control continuously since his or her most recent turn began. See rule 302.6.
+107.5. The tap symbol is {T}. The tap symbol in an activation cost means “Tap this permanent.” A permanent that’s already tapped can’t be tapped again to pay the cost. A creature’s activated ability with the tap symbol in its activation cost can’t be activated unless the creature has been under its controller’s control continuously since their most recent turn began. See rule 302.6.
-107.6. The untap symbol is {Q}. The untap symbol in an activation cost means â€œUntap this permanent.â€ A permanent thatâ€™s already untapped canâ€™t be untapped again to pay the cost. A creatureâ€™s activated ability with the untap symbol in its activation cost canâ€™t be activated unless the creature has been under its controllerâ€™s control continuously since his or her most recent turn began. See rule 302.6.
+107.6. The untap symbol is {Q}. The untap symbol in an activation cost means “Untap this permanent.” A permanent that’s already untapped can’t be untapped again to pay the cost. A creature’s activated ability with the untap symbol in its activation cost can’t be activated unless the creature has been under its controller’s control continuously since their most recent turn began. See rule 302.6.
-107.7. Each activated ability of a planeswalker has a loyalty symbol in its cost. Positive loyalty symbols point upward and feature a plus sign followed by a number. Negative loyalty symbols point downward and feature a minus sign followed by a number or an X. Neutral loyalty symbols donâ€™t point in either direction and feature a 0. [+N] means â€œPut N loyalty counters on this permanent,â€ [-N] means â€œRemove N loyalty counters from this permanent,â€ and [0] means â€œPut zero loyalty counters on this permanent.â€
+107.7. Each activated ability of a planeswalker has a loyalty symbol in its cost. Positive loyalty symbols point upward and feature a plus sign followed by a number. Negative loyalty symbols point downward and feature a minus sign followed by a number or an X. Neutral loyalty symbols don’t point in either direction and feature a 0. [+N] means “Put N loyalty counters on this permanent,” [-N] means “Remove N loyalty counters from this permanent,” and [0] means “Put zero loyalty counters on this permanent.”
-107.8. The text box of a leveler card contains two level symbols, each of which is a keyword ability that represents a static ability. The level symbol includes either a range of numbers, indicated here as â€œN1-N2,â€ or a single number followed by a plus sign, indicated here as â€œN3+.â€ Any abilities printed within the same text box striation as a level symbol are part of its static ability. The same is true of the power/toughness box printed within that striation, indicated here as â€œ[P/T].â€ See rule 710, â€œLeveler Cards.â€
+107.8. The text box of a leveler card contains two level symbols, each of which is a keyword ability that represents a static ability. The level symbol includes either a range of numbers, indicated here as “N1-N2,” or a single number followed by a plus sign, indicated here as “N3+.” Any abilities printed within the same text box striation as a level symbol are part of its static ability. The same is true of the power/toughness box printed within that striation, indicated here as “[P/T].” See rule 710, “Leveler Cards.”
-107.8a â€œ{LEVEL N1-N2} [Abilities] [P/T]â€ means â€œAs long as this creature has at least N1 level counters on it, but no more than N2 level counters on it, it has base power and toughness [P/T] and has [abilities].â€
+107.8a “{LEVEL N1-N2} [Abilities] [P/T]” means “As long as this creature has at least N1 level counters on it, but no more than N2 level counters on it, it has base power and toughness [P/T] and has [abilities].”
-107.8b â€œ{LEVEL N3+} [Abilities] [P/T]â€ means â€œAs long as this creature has N3 or more level counters on it, it has base power and toughness [P/T] and has [abilities].â€
+107.8b “{LEVEL N3+} [Abilities] [P/T]” means “As long as this creature has N3 or more level counters on it, it has base power and toughness [P/T] and has [abilities].”
-107.9. A tombstone icon appears to the left of the name of many Odysseyâ„¢ block cards with abilities that are relevant in a playerâ€™s graveyard. The purpose of the icon is to make those cards stand out when theyâ€™re in a graveyard. This icon has no effect on game play.
+107.9. A tombstone icon appears to the left of the name of many Odyssey™ block cards with abilities that are relevant in a player’s graveyard. The purpose of the icon is to make those cards stand out when they’re in a graveyard. This icon has no effect on game play.
-107.10. A type icon appears in the upper left corner of each card from the Future SightÂ® set printed with an alternate â€œtimeshiftedâ€ frame. If the card has a single card type, this icon indicates what it is: claw marks for creature, a flame for sorcery, a lightning bolt for instant, a sunrise for enchantment, a chalice for artifact, and a pair of mountain peaks for land. If the card has multiple card types, thatâ€™s indicated by a black and white cross. This icon has no effect on game play.
+107.10. A type icon appears in the upper left corner of each card from the Future Sight® set printed with an alternate “timeshifted” frame. If the card has a single card type, this icon indicates what it is: claw marks for creature, a flame for sorcery, a lightning bolt for instant, a sunrise for enchantment, a chalice for artifact, and a pair of mountain peaks for land. If the card has multiple card types, that’s indicated by a black and white cross. This icon has no effect on game play.
-107.11. The Planeswalker symbol is {PW}. It appears on one face of the planar die used in the Planechase casual variant. See rule 901, â€œPlanechase.â€
+107.11. The Planeswalker symbol is {PW}. It appears on one face of the planar die used in the Planechase casual variant. See rule 901, “Planechase.”
-107.12. The chaos symbol is {CHAOS}. It appears on one face of the planar die used in the Planechase casual variant, as well as in abilities that refer to the results of rolling the planar die. See rule 901, â€œPlanechase.â€
+107.12. The chaos symbol is {CHAOS}. It appears on one face of the planar die used in the Planechase casual variant, as well as in abilities that refer to the results of rolling the planar die. See rule 901, “Planechase.”
-107.13. A color indicator is a circular symbol that appears to the left of the type line on some cards. The color of the symbol defines the cardâ€™s color or colors. See rule 202, â€œMana Cost and Color.â€
+107.13. A color indicator is a circular symbol that appears to the left of the type line on some cards. The color of the symbol defines the card’s color or colors. See rule 202, “Mana Cost and Color.”
-107.14. The energy symbol is {E}. It represents one energy counter. To pay {E}, a player removes one energy counter from himself or herself.
+107.14. The energy symbol is {E}. It represents one energy counter. To pay {E}, a player removes one energy counter from themselves.
+107.15. The text box of a Saga card contains chapter symbols, each of which is a keyword ability that represents a triggered ability. A chapter symbol includes a Roman numeral, indicated here as “rN”. The text printed in the text box striation to the right of a chapter symbol is the effect of the triggered ability it represents. See rule 714, “Saga Cards.”
+107.15a “{rN}—[Effect]” means “When one or more lore counters are put onto this Saga, if the number of lore counters on it was less than N and became at least N, [effect].”
+107.15b “{rN1}, {rN2}—[Effect]” is the same as “{rN1}—[Effect]” and “{rN2}—[Effect].”
 108. Cards
-108.1. Use the Oracleâ„¢ card reference when determining a cardâ€™s wording. A cardâ€™s Oracle text can be found using the Gatherer card database at Gatherer.Wizards.com.
+108.1. Use the Oracle card reference when determining a card’s wording. A card’s Oracle text can be found using the Gatherer card database at Gatherer.Wizards.com.
-108.2. When a rule or text on a card refers to a â€œcard,â€ it means only a Magic card or an object represented by a Magic card.
+108.2. When a rule or text on a card refers to a “card,” it means only a Magic card or an object represented by a Magic card.
 108.2a Most Magic games use only traditional Magic cards, which measure approximately 2.5 inches (6.3 cm) by 3.5 inches (8.8 cm). Certain formats also use nontraditional Magic cards, oversized cards that may have different backs.
-108.2b Tokens arenâ€™t considered cardsâ€”even a card-sized game supplement that represents a token isnâ€™t considered a card for rules purposes.
+108.2b Tokens aren’t considered cards—even a card-sized game supplement that represents a token isn’t considered a card for rules purposes.
-108.3. The owner of a card in the game is the player who started the game with it in his or her deck. If a card is brought into the game from outside the game rather than starting in a playerâ€™s deck, its owner is the player who brought it into the game. If a card starts the game in the command zone, its owner is the player who put it into the command zone to start the game. Legal ownership of a card in the game is irrelevant to the game rules except for the rules for ante. (See rule 407.)
+108.3. The owner of a card in the game is the player who started the game with it in their deck. If a card is brought into the game from outside the game rather than starting in a player’s deck, its owner is the player who brought it into the game. If a card starts the game in the command zone, its owner is the player who put it into the command zone to start the game. Legal ownership of a card in the game is irrelevant to the game rules except for the rules for ante. (See rule 407.)
 108.3a In a Planechase game using the single planar deck option, the planar controller is considered to be the owner of all cards in the planar deck. See rule 901.6.
-108.3b Some spells and abilities allow a player to take cards he or she owns from outside the game and bring them into the game. (See rule 400.10b.) If a card outside that game is involved in a Magic game, its owner is determined as described in rule 108.3. If a card outside that game is in the sideboard of a Magic game (see rule 100.4), its owner is considered to be the player who started the game with it in his or her sideboard. In all other cases, the owner of a card outside the game is its legal owner.
+108.3b Some spells and abilities allow a player to take cards they own from outside the game and bring them into the game. (See rule 400.10b.) If a card outside that game is involved in a Magic game, its owner is determined as described in rule 108.3. If a card outside that game is in the sideboard of a Magic game (see rule 100.4), its owner is considered to be the player who started the game with it in their sideboard. In all other cases, the owner of a card outside the game is its legal owner.
-108.4. A card doesnâ€™t have a controller unless that card represents a permanent or spell; in those cases, its controller is determined by the rules for permanents or spells. See rules 110.2 and 111.2.
+108.4. A card doesn’t have a controller unless that card represents a permanent or spell; in those cases, its controller is determined by the rules for permanents or spells. See rules 110.2 and 111.2.
-108.4a If anything asks for the controller of a card that doesnâ€™t have one (because itâ€™s not a permanent or spell), use its owner instead.
+108.4a If anything asks for the controller of a card that doesn’t have one (because it’s not a permanent or spell), use its owner instead.
-108.5. Nontraditional Magic cards canâ€™t start the game in any zone other than the command zone (see rule 408). If an effect would bring a nontraditional Magic card into the game from outside the game, it doesnâ€™t; that card remains outside the game.
+108.5. Nontraditional Magic cards can’t start the game in any zone other than the command zone (see rule 408). If an effect would bring a nontraditional Magic card into the game from outside the game, it doesn’t; that card remains outside the game.
-108.6. For more information about cards, see section 2, â€œParts of a Card.â€
+108.6. For more information about cards, see section 2, “Parts of a Card.”
 109. Objects
 109.1. An object is an ability on the stack, a card, a copy of a card, a token, a spell, a permanent, or an emblem.
-109.2. If a spell or ability uses a description of an object that includes a card type or subtype, but doesnâ€™t include the word â€œcard,â€ â€œspell,â€ â€œsource,â€ or â€œscheme,â€ it means a permanent of that card type or subtype on the battlefield.
+109.2. If a spell or ability uses a description of an object that includes a card type or subtype, but doesn’t include the word “card,” “spell,” “source,” or “scheme,” it means a permanent of that card type or subtype on the battlefield.
-109.2a If a spell or ability uses a description of an object that includes the word â€œcardâ€ and the name of a zone, it means a card matching that description in the stated zone.
+109.2a If a spell or ability uses a description of an object that includes the word “card” and the name of a zone, it means a card matching that description in the stated zone.
-109.2b If a spell or ability uses a description of an object that includes the word â€œspell,â€ it means a spell matching that description on the stack.
+109.2b If a spell or ability uses a description of an object that includes the word “spell,” it means a spell matching that description on the stack.
-109.2c If a spell or ability uses a description of an object that includes the word â€œsource,â€ it means a source matching that descriptionâ€”either a source of an ability or a source of damageâ€”in any zone. See rule 609.7.
+109.2c If a spell or ability uses a description of an object that includes the word “source,” it means a source matching that description—either a source of an ability or a source of damage—in any zone. See rule 609.7.
-109.2d If an ability of a scheme card includes the text â€œthis scheme,â€ it means the scheme card in the command zone on which that ability is printed.
+109.2d If an ability of a scheme card includes the text “this scheme,” it means the scheme card in the command zone on which that ability is printed.
-109.3. An objectâ€™s characteristics are name, mana cost, color, color indicator, card type, subtype, supertype, rules text, abilities, power, toughness, loyalty, hand modifier, and life modifier. Objects can have some or all of these characteristics. Any other information about an object isnâ€™t a characteristic. For example, characteristics donâ€™t include whether a permanent is tapped, a spellâ€™s target, an objectâ€™s owner or controller, what an Aura enchants, and so on.
+109.3. An object’s characteristics are name, mana cost, color, color indicator, card type, subtype, supertype, rules text, abilities, power, toughness, loyalty, hand modifier, and life modifier. Objects can have some or all of these characteristics. Any other information about an object isn’t a characteristic. For example, characteristics don’t include whether a permanent is tapped, a spell’s target, an object’s owner or controller, what an Aura enchants, and so on.
-109.4. Only objects on the stack or on the battlefield have a controller. Objects that are neither on the stack nor on the battlefield arenâ€™t controlled by any player. See rule 108.4. There are five exceptions to this rule:
+109.4. Only objects on the stack or on the battlefield have a controller. Objects that are neither on the stack nor on the battlefield aren’t controlled by any player. See rule 108.4. There are five exceptions to this rule:
-109.4a An emblem is controlled by the player that puts it into the command zone. See rule 113, â€œEmblems.â€
+109.4a An emblem is controlled by the player that puts it into the command zone. See rule 113, “Emblems.”
 109.4b In a Planechase game, a face-up plane or phenomenon card is controlled by the player designated as the planar controller. This is usually the active player. See rule 901.6.
 109.4c In a Vanguard game, each vanguard card is controlled by its owner. See rule 902.6.
 109.4d In an Archenemy game, each scheme card is controlled by its owner. See rule 904.7.
 109.4e In a Conspiracy Draft game, each conspiracy card is controlled by its owner. See rule 905.5.
-109.5. The words â€œyouâ€ and â€œyourâ€ on an object refer to the objectâ€™s controller, its would-be controller (if a player is attempting to play, cast, or activate it), or its owner (if it has no controller). For a static ability, this is the current controller of the object itâ€™s on. For an activated ability, this is the player who activated the ability. For a triggered ability, this is the controller of the object when the ability triggered, unless itâ€™s a delayed triggered ability. To determine the controller of a delayed triggered ability, see rules 603.7dâ€“f.
+109.5. The words “you” and “your” on an object refer to the object’s controller, its would-be controller (if a player is attempting to play, cast, or activate it), or its owner (if it has no controller). For a static ability, this is the current controller of the object it’s on. For an activated ability, this is the player who activated the ability. For a triggered ability, this is the controller of the object when the ability triggered, unless it’s a delayed triggered ability. To determine the controller of a delayed triggered ability, see rules 603.7d–f.
 110. Permanents
-110.1. A permanent is a card or token on the battlefield. A permanent remains on the battlefield indefinitely. A card or token becomes a permanent as it enters the battlefield and it stops being a permanent as itâ€™s moved to another zone by an effect or rule.
+110.1. A permanent is a card or token on the battlefield. A permanent remains on the battlefield indefinitely. A card or token becomes a permanent as it enters the battlefield and it stops being a permanent as it’s moved to another zone by an effect or rule.
-110.2. A permanentâ€™s owner is the same as the owner of the card that represents it (unless itâ€™s a token; see rule 110.5a). A permanentâ€™s controller is, by default, the player under whose control it entered the battlefield. Every permanent has a controller.
+110.2. A permanent’s owner is the same as the owner of the card that represents it (unless it’s a token; see rule 110.5a). A permanent’s controller is, by default, the player under whose control it entered the battlefield. Every permanent has a controller.
-110.2a If an effect instructs a player to put an object onto the battlefield, that object enters the battlefield under that playerâ€™s control unless the effect states otherwise.
+110.2a If an effect instructs a player to put an object onto the battlefield, that object enters the battlefield under that player’s control unless the effect states otherwise.
-110.3. A nontoken permanentâ€™s characteristics are the same as those printed on its card, as modified by any continuous effects. See rule 613, â€œInteraction of Continuous Effects.â€
+110.3. A nontoken permanent’s characteristics are the same as those printed on its card, as modified by any continuous effects. See rule 613, “Interaction of Continuous Effects.”
-110.4. There are five permanent types: artifact, creature, enchantment, land, and planeswalker. Instant and sorcery cards canâ€™t enter the battlefield and thus canâ€™t be permanents. Some tribal cards can enter the battlefield and some canâ€™t, depending on their other card types. See section 3, â€œCard Types.â€
+110.4. There are five permanent types: artifact, creature, enchantment, land, and planeswalker. Instant and sorcery cards can’t enter the battlefield and thus can’t be permanents. Some tribal cards can enter the battlefield and some can’t, depending on their other card types. See section 3, “Card Types.”
-110.4a The term â€œpermanent cardâ€ is used to refer to a card that could be put onto the battlefield. Specifically, it means an artifact, creature, enchantment, land, or planeswalker card.
+110.4a The term “permanent card” is used to refer to a card that could be put onto the battlefield. Specifically, it means an artifact, creature, enchantment, land, or planeswalker card.
-110.4b The term â€œpermanent spellâ€ is used to refer to a spell that will enter the battlefield as a permanent as part of its resolution. Specifically, it means an artifact, creature, enchantment, or planeswalker spell.
+110.4b The term “permanent spell” is used to refer to a spell that will enter the battlefield as a permanent as part of its resolution. Specifically, it means an artifact, creature, enchantment, or planeswalker spell.
-110.4c If a permanent somehow loses all its permanent types, it remains on the battlefield. Itâ€™s still a permanent.
+110.4c If a permanent somehow loses all its permanent types, it remains on the battlefield. It’s still a permanent.
-110.5. Some effects put tokens onto the battlefield. A token is a marker used to represent any permanent that isnâ€™t represented by a card.
+110.5. Some effects put tokens onto the battlefield. A token is a marker used to represent any permanent that isn’t represented by a card.
-110.5a A token is both owned and controlled by the player under whose control it entered the battlefield.
+110.5a The player who creates a token is its owner. The token enters the battlefield under that player’s control.
-110.5b The spell or ability that creates a token may define the values of any number of characteristics for the token. This becomes the tokenâ€™s â€œtext.â€ The characteristic values defined this way are functionally equivalent to the characteristic values that are printed on a card; for example, they define the tokenâ€™s copiable values. A token doesnâ€™t have any characteristics not defined by the spell or ability that created it.
+110.5b The spell or ability that creates a token may define the values of any number of characteristics for the token. This becomes the token’s “text.” The characteristic values defined this way are functionally equivalent to the characteristic values that are printed on a card; for example, they define the token’s copiable values. A token doesn’t have any characteristics not defined by the spell or ability that created it.
-Example: Jade Mage has the ability â€œ{2}{G}: Create a 1/1 green Saproling creature token.â€ The resulting token has no mana cost, supertype, rules text, or abilities.
+Example: Jade Mage has the ability “{2}{G}: Create a 1/1 green Saproling creature token.” The resulting token has no mana cost, supertypes, rules text, or abilities.
-110.5c A spell or ability that creates a token sets both its name and its subtype. If the spell or ability doesnâ€™t specify the name of the token, its name is the same as its subtype(s). A â€œGoblin Scout creature token,â€ for example, is named â€œGoblin Scoutâ€ and has the creature subtypes Goblin and Scout. Once a token is on the battlefield, changing its name doesnâ€™t change its subtype, and vice versa.
+110.5c A spell or ability that creates a token sets both its name and its subtype. If the spell or ability doesn’t specify the name of the token, its name is the same as its subtype(s). A “Goblin Scout creature token,” for example, is named “Goblin Scout” and has the creature subtypes Goblin and Scout. Once a token is on the battlefield, changing its name doesn’t change its subtype, and vice versa.
-110.5d If a spell or ability would create a token, but an effect states that a permanent with one or more of that tokenâ€™s characteristics canâ€™t enter the battlefield, the token is not created.
+110.5d If a spell or ability would create a token, but a rule or effect states that a permanent with one or more of that token’s characteristics can’t enter the battlefield, the token is not created.
-110.5e A token is subject to anything that affects permanents in general or that affects the tokenâ€™s card type or subtype. A token isnâ€™t a card (even if represented by a card that has a Magic back or that came from a Magic booster pack).
+110.5e A token is subject to anything that affects permanents in general or that affects the token’s card type or subtype. A token isn’t a card (even if represented by a card that has a Magic back or that came from a Magic booster pack).
-110.5f A token thatâ€™s in a zone other than the battlefield ceases to exist. This is a state-based action; see rule 704. (Note that if a token changes zones, applicable triggered abilities will trigger before the token ceases to exist.)
+110.5f A token that’s in a zone other than the battlefield ceases to exist. This is a state-based action; see rule 704. (Note that if a token changes zones, applicable triggered abilities will trigger before the token ceases to exist.)
-110.5g A token that has left the battlefield canâ€™t move to another zone or come back onto the battlefield. If such a token would change zones, it remains in its current zone instead. It ceases to exist the next time state-based actions are checked; see rule 704.
+110.5g A token that has left the battlefield can’t move to another zone or come back onto the battlefield. If such a token would change zones, it remains in its current zone instead. It ceases to exist the next time state-based actions are checked; see rule 704.
-110.6. A permanentâ€™s status is its physical state. There are four status categories, each of which has two possible values: tapped/untapped, flipped/unflipped, face up/face down, and phased in/phased out. Each permanent always has one of these values for each of these categories.
+110.6. A permanent’s status is its physical state. There are four status categories, each of which has two possible values: tapped/untapped, flipped/unflipped, face up/face down, and phased in/phased out. Each permanent always has one of these values for each of these categories.
-110.6a Status is not a characteristic, though it may affect a permanentâ€™s characteristics.
+110.6a Status is not a characteristic, though it may affect a permanent’s characteristics.
 110.6b Permanents enter the battlefield untapped, unflipped, face up, and phased in unless a spell or ability says otherwise.
 110.6c A permanent retains its status until a spell, ability, or turn-based action changes it, even if that status is not relevant to it.
-Example: Dimir Doppelganger says â€œ{1}{U}{B}: Exile target creature card from a graveyard. Dimir Doppelganger becomes a copy of that card and gains this ability.â€ It becomes a copy of Jushi Apprentice, a flip card. Through use of Jushi Apprenticeâ€™s ability, this creature flips, making it a copy of Tomoya the Revealer with the Dimir Doppelganger ability. If this permanent then becomes a copy of Runeclaw Bear, it will retain its flipped status even though that has no relevance to Runeclaw Bear. If its copy ability is activated again, this time targeting a Nezumi Shortfang card (another flip card), this permanentâ€™s flipped status means it will have the characteristics of Stabwhisker the Odious (the flipped version of Nezumi Shortfang) with the Dimir Doppelganger ability.
+Example: Dimir Doppelganger says “{1}{U}{B}: Exile target creature card from a graveyard. Dimir Doppelganger becomes a copy of that card and gains this ability.” It becomes a copy of Jushi Apprentice, a flip card. Through use of Jushi Apprentice’s ability, this creature flips, making it a copy of Tomoya the Revealer with the Dimir Doppelganger ability. If this permanent then becomes a copy of Runeclaw Bear, it will retain its flipped status even though that has no relevance to Runeclaw Bear. If its copy ability is activated again, this time targeting a Nezumi Shortfang card (another flip card), this permanent’s flipped status means it will have the characteristics of Stabwhisker the Odious (the flipped version of Nezumi Shortfang) with the Dimir Doppelganger ability.
 110.6d Only permanents have status. Cards not on the battlefield do not. Although an exiled card may be face down, this has no correlation to the face-down status of a permanent. Similarly, cards not on the battlefield are neither tapped nor untapped, regardless of their physical state.
 111. Spells
-111.1. A spell is a card on the stack. As the first step of being cast (see rule 601, â€œCasting Spellsâ€), the card becomes a spell and is moved to the top of the stack from the zone it was in, which is usually its ownerâ€™s hand. (See rule 405, â€œStack.â€) A spell remains on the stack as a spell until it resolves (see rule 608, â€œResolving Spells and Abilitiesâ€), is countered (see rule 701.5), or otherwise leaves the stack. For more information, see section 6, â€œSpells, Abilities, and Effects.â€
+111.1. A spell is a card on the stack. As the first step of being cast (see rule 601, “Casting Spells”), the card becomes a spell and is moved to the top of the stack from the zone it was in, which is usually its owner’s hand. (See rule 405, “Stack.”) A spell remains on the stack as a spell until it resolves (see rule 608, “Resolving Spells and Abilities”), is countered (see rule 701.5), or otherwise leaves the stack. For more information, see section 6, “Spells, Abilities, and Effects.”
 111.1a A copy of a spell is also a spell, even if it has no card associated with it. See rule 706.10.
 111.1b Some effects allow a player to cast a copy of a card; if the player does, that copy is a spell as well. See rule 706.12.
-111.2. A spellâ€™s owner is the same as the owner of the card that represents it, unless itâ€™s a copy. In that case, the owner of the spell is the player under whose control it was put on the stack. A spellâ€™s controller is, by default, the player who put it on the stack. Every spell has a controller.
+111.2. A spell’s owner is the same as the owner of the card that represents it, unless it’s a copy. In that case, the owner of the spell is the player under whose control it was put on the stack. A spell’s controller is, by default, the player who put it on the stack. Every spell has a controller.
-111.3. A noncopy spellâ€™s characteristics are the same as those printed on its card, as modified by any continuous effects. See rule 613, â€œInteraction of Continuous Effects.â€
+111.3. A noncopy spell’s characteristics are the same as those printed on its card, as modified by any continuous effects. See rule 613, “Interaction of Continuous Effects.”
 111.4. If an effect changes any characteristics of a permanent spell, the effect continues to apply to the permanent when the spell resolves. See rule 400.7.
 Example: If an effect changes a black creature spell to white, the creature is white when it enters the battlefield and remains white for the duration of the effect changing its color.
 112. Abilities
-112.1. An ability can be one of two things:
+112.1. An ability can be one of three things:
-112.1a An ability is a characteristic an object has that lets it affect the game. An objectâ€™s abilities are defined by its rules text or by the effect that created it. Abilities can also be granted to objects by rules or effects. (Effects that do so use the words â€œhas,â€ â€œhave,â€ â€œgains,â€ or â€œgain.â€) Abilities generate effects. (See rule 609, â€œEffects.â€)
+112.1a An ability can be a characteristic an object has that lets it affect the game. An object’s abilities are defined by its rules text or by the effect that created it. Abilities can also be granted to objects by rules or effects. (Effects that grant abilities usually use the words “has,” “have,” “gains,” or “gain.”) Abilities generate effects. (See rule 609, “Effects.”)
-112.1b An ability can be an activated or triggered ability on the stack. This kind of ability is an object. (See section 6, â€œSpells, Abilities, and Effects.â€)
+112.1b An ability can be something that a player has that changes how the game affects the player. A player normally has no abilities unless granted to that player by effects.
-112.2. Abilities can affect the objects theyâ€™re on. They can also affect other objects and/or players.
+112.1c An ability can be an activated or triggered ability on the stack. This kind of ability is an object. (See section 6, “Spells, Abilities, and Effects.”)
+112.2. Abilities can affect the objects they’re on. They can also affect other objects and/or players.
 112.2a Abilities can be beneficial or detrimental.
-Example: â€œ[This creature] canâ€™t blockâ€ is an ability.
+Example: “[This creature] can’t block” is an ability.
 112.2b An additional cost or alternative cost to cast a card is an ability of the card.
-112.2c An object may have multiple abilities. If the object is represented by a card, then aside from certain defined abilities that may be strung together on a single line (see rule 702, â€œKeyword Abilitiesâ€), each paragraph break in a cardâ€™s text marks a separate ability. If the object is not represented by a card, the effect that created it may have given it multiple abilities. An object may also be granted additional abilities by a spell or ability. If an object has multiple instances of the same ability, each instance functions independently. This may or may not produce more effects than a single instance; refer to the specific ability for more information.
+112.2c An object may have multiple abilities. If the object is represented by a card, then aside from certain defined abilities that may be strung together on a single line (see rule 702, “Keyword Abilities”), each paragraph break in a card’s text marks a separate ability. If the object is not represented by a card, the effect that created it may have given it multiple abilities. An object may also be granted additional abilities by a spell or ability. If an object has multiple instances of the same ability, each instance functions independently. This may or may not produce more effects than a single instance; refer to the specific ability for more information.
-112.2d Abilities can generate one-shot effects or continuous effects. Some continuous effects are replacement effects or prevention effects. See rule 609, â€œEffects.â€
+112.2d Abilities can generate one-shot effects or continuous effects. Some continuous effects are replacement effects or prevention effects. See rule 609, “Effects.”
 112.3. There are four general categories of abilities:
-112.3a Spell abilities are abilities that are followed as instructions while an instant or sorcery spell is resolving. Any text on an instant or sorcery spell is a spell ability unless itâ€™s an activated ability, a triggered ability, or a static ability that fits the criteria described in rule 112.6.
+112.3a Spell abilities are abilities that are followed as instructions while an instant or sorcery spell is resolving. Any text on an instant or sorcery spell is a spell ability unless it’s an activated ability, a triggered ability, or a static ability that fits the criteria described in rule 112.6.
-112.3b Activated abilities have a cost and an effect. They are written as â€œ[Cost]: [Effect.] [Activation instructions (if any).]â€ A player may activate such an ability whenever he or she has priority. Doing so puts it on the stack, where it remains until itâ€™s countered, it resolves, or it otherwise leaves the stack. See rule 602, â€œActivating Activated Abilities.â€
+112.3b Activated abilities have a cost and an effect. They are written as “[Cost]: [Effect.] [Activation instructions (if any).]” A player may activate such an ability whenever they have priority. Doing so puts it on the stack, where it remains until it’s countered, it resolves, or it otherwise leaves the stack. See rule 602, “Activating Activated Abilities.”
-112.3c Triggered abilities have a trigger condition and an effect. They are written as â€œ[Trigger condition], [effect],â€ and include (and usually begin with) the word â€œwhen,â€ â€œwhenever,â€ or â€œat.â€ Whenever the trigger event occurs, the ability is put on the stack the next time a player would receive priority and stays there until itâ€™s countered, it resolves, or it otherwise leaves the stack. See rule 603, â€œHandling Triggered Abilities.â€
+112.3c Triggered abilities have a trigger condition and an effect. They are written as “[Trigger condition], [effect],” and include (and usually begin with) the word “when,” “whenever,” or “at.” Whenever the trigger event occurs, the ability is put on the stack the next time a player would receive priority and stays there until it’s countered, it resolves, or it otherwise leaves the stack. See rule 603, “Handling Triggered Abilities.”
-112.3d Static abilities are written as statements. Theyâ€™re simply true. Static abilities create continuous effects which are active while the permanent with the ability is on the battlefield and has the ability, or while the object with the ability is in the appropriate zone. See rule 604, â€œHandling Static Abilities.â€
+112.3d Static abilities are written as statements. They’re simply true. Static abilities create continuous effects which are active while the permanent with the ability is on the battlefield and has the ability, or while the object with the ability is in the appropriate zone. See rule 604, “Handling Static Abilities.”
-112.4. Some activated abilities and some triggered abilities are mana abilities. Mana abilities follow special rules: They donâ€™t use the stack, and, under certain circumstances, a player can activate mana abilities even if he or she doesnâ€™t have priority. See rule 605, â€œMana Abilities.â€
+112.4. Some activated abilities and some triggered abilities are mana abilities. Mana abilities follow special rules: They don’t use the stack, and, under certain circumstances, a player can activate mana abilities even if they don’t have priority. See rule 605, “Mana Abilities.”
-112.5. Some activated abilities are loyalty abilities. Loyalty abilities follow special rules: A player may activate a loyalty ability of a permanent he or she controls any time he or she has priority and the stack is empty during a main phase of his or her turn, but only if no player has previously activated a loyalty ability of that permanent that turn. See rule 606, â€œLoyalty Abilities.â€
+112.5. Some activated abilities are loyalty abilities. Loyalty abilities follow special rules: A player may activate a loyalty ability of a permanent they control any time they have priority and the stack is empty during a main phase of their turn, but only if no player has previously activated a loyalty ability of that permanent that turn. See rule 606, “Loyalty Abilities.”
 112.6. Abilities of an instant or sorcery spell usually function only while that object is on the stack. Abilities of all other objects usually function only while that object is on the battlefield. The exceptions are as follows:
 112.6a Characteristic-defining abilities function everywhere, even outside the game. (See rule 604.3.)
 112.6b An ability that states which zones it functions in functions only from those zones.
-112.6c An objectâ€™s ability that allows a player to pay an alternative cost rather than its mana cost functions in any zone in which its mana cost can be paid (which, in general, means it functions on the stack). An objectâ€™s ability that otherwise modifies what that particular object costs to cast functions on the stack.
+112.6c An object’s ability that allows a player to pay an alternative cost rather than its mana cost or otherwise modifies what that particular object costs to cast functions on the stack.
-112.6d An objectâ€™s ability that restricts or modifies how that particular object can be played or cast functions in any zone from which it could be played or cast.
+112.6d An object’s ability that restricts or modifies how that particular object can be played or cast functions in any zone from which it could be played or cast and also on the stack. An object’s ability that grants it another ability that restricts or modifies how that particular object can be played or cast functions only on the stack.
-112.6e An objectâ€™s ability that restricts or modifies what zones that particular object can be played or cast from functions everywhere, even outside the game.
+112.6e An object’s ability that restricts or modifies what zones that particular object can be played or cast from functions everywhere, even outside the game.
-112.6f An objectâ€™s ability that states it canâ€™t be countered or canâ€™t be countered by spells and abilities functions on the stack.
+112.6f An object’s ability that states it can’t be countered functions on the stack.
-112.6g An objectâ€™s ability that modifies how that particular object enters the battlefield functions as that object is entering the battlefield. See rule 614.12.
+112.6g An object’s ability that modifies how that particular object enters the battlefield functions as that object is entering the battlefield. See rule 614.12.
-112.6h An objectâ€™s ability that states counters canâ€™t be put on that object functions as that object is entering the battlefield in addition to functioning while that object is on the battlefield.
+112.6h An object’s ability that states counters can’t be put on that object functions as that object is entering the battlefield in addition to functioning while that object is on the battlefield.
-112.6i An objectâ€™s activated ability that has a cost that canâ€™t be paid while the object is on the battlefield functions from any zone in which its cost can be paid.
+112.6i An object’s activated ability that has a cost that can’t be paid while the object is on the battlefield functions from any zone in which its cost can be paid.
-112.6j A trigger condition that canâ€™t trigger from the battlefield functions in all zones it can trigger from. Other trigger conditions of the same triggered ability may function in different zones.
+112.6j A trigger condition that can’t trigger from the battlefield functions in all zones it can trigger from. Other trigger conditions of the same triggered ability may function in different zones.
-Example: Absolver Thrull has the ability â€œWhen Absolver Thrull enters the battlefield or the creature it haunts dies, destroy target enchantment.â€ The first trigger condition functions from the battlefield and the second trigger condition functions from the exile zone. (See rule 702.54, â€œHaunt.â€)
+Example: Absolver Thrull has the ability “When Absolver Thrull enters the battlefield or the creature it haunts dies, destroy target enchantment.” The first trigger condition functions from the battlefield and the second trigger condition functions from the exile zone. (See rule 702.54, “Haunt.”)
-112.6k An ability whose cost or effect specifies that it moves the object itâ€™s on out of a particular zone functions only in that zone, unless that abilityâ€™s trigger condition, or a previous part of that abilityâ€™s cost or effect, specifies that the object is put into that zone. The same is true if the effect of that ability creates a delayed triggered ability whose effect moves the object out of a particular zone.
+112.6k An ability whose cost or effect specifies that it moves the object it’s on out of a particular zone functions only in that zone, unless its trigger condition or a previous part of its cost or effect specifies that the object is put into that zone or, if the object is an Aura, that the object it enchants leaves the battlefield. The same is true if the effect of that ability creates a delayed triggered ability whose effect moves the object out of a particular zone.
-Example: Reassembling Skeleton says â€œ{1}{B}: Return Reassembling Skeleton from your graveyard to the battlefield tapped.â€ A player may activate this ability only if Reassembling Skeleton is in his or her graveyard.
+Example: Reassembling Skeleton says “{1}{B}: Return Reassembling Skeleton from your graveyard to the battlefield tapped.” A player may activate this ability only if Reassembling Skeleton is in their graveyard.
-112.6m An ability that modifies the rules for deck construction functions before the game begins. Such an ability modifies not just the Comprehensive Rules, but also the Magic: The Gathering Tournament Rules and any other documents that set the deck construction rules for a specific format. However, such an ability canâ€™t affect the format legality of a card, including whether itâ€™s banned or restricted. The current Magic: The Gathering Tournament Rules can be found at WPN.Wizards.com/en/resources/rules-documents.
+112.6m An ability that modifies the rules for deck construction functions before the game begins. Such an ability modifies not just the Comprehensive Rules, but also the Magic: The Gathering Tournament Rules and any other documents that set the deck construction rules for a specific format. However, such an ability can’t affect the format legality of a card, including whether it’s banned or restricted. The current Magic: The Gathering Tournament Rules can be found at WPN.Wizards.com/en/resources/rules-documents.
-112.6n Abilities of emblems, plane cards, vanguard cards, scheme cards, and conspiracy cards function in the command zone. See rule 113, â€œEmblemsâ€; rule 901, â€œPlanechaseâ€; rule 902, â€œVanguardâ€; rule 904, â€œArchenemyâ€; and rule 905, â€œConspiracy Draft.â€
+112.6n Abilities of emblems, plane cards, vanguard cards, scheme cards, and conspiracy cards function in the command zone. See rule 113, “Emblems”; rule 901, “Planechase”; rule 902, “Vanguard”; rule 904, “Archenemy”; and rule 905, “Conspiracy Draft.”
-112.7. The source of an ability is the object that generated it. The source of an activated ability on the stack is the object whose ability was activated. The source of a triggered ability (other than a delayed triggered ability) on the stack, or one that has triggered and is waiting to be put on the stack, is the object whose ability triggered. To determine the source of a delayed triggered ability, see rules 603.7dâ€“f.
+112.7. The source of an ability is the object that generated it. The source of an activated ability on the stack is the object whose ability was activated. The source of a triggered ability (other than a delayed triggered ability) on the stack, or one that has triggered and is waiting to be put on the stack, is the object whose ability triggered. To determine the source of a delayed triggered ability, see rules 603.7d–f.
-112.7a Once activated or triggered, an ability exists on the stack independently of its source. Destruction or removal of the source after that time wonâ€™t affect the ability. Note that some abilities cause a source to do something (for example, â€œProdigal Pyromancer deals 1 damage to target creature or playerâ€) rather than the ability doing anything directly. In these cases, any activated or triggered ability that references information about the source because the effect needs to be divided checks that information when the ability is put onto the stack. Otherwise, it will check that information when it resolves. In both instances, if the source is no longer in the zone itâ€™s expected to be in at that time, its last known information is used. The source can still perform the action even though it no longer exists.
+112.7a Once activated or triggered, an ability exists on the stack independently of its source. Destruction or removal of the source after that time won’t affect the ability. Note that some abilities cause a source to do something (for example, “Prodigal Pyromancer deals 1 damage to target creature or player”) rather than the ability doing anything directly. In these cases, any activated or triggered ability that references information about the source because the effect needs to be divided checks that information when the ability is put onto the stack. Otherwise, it will check that information when it resolves. In both instances, if the source is no longer in the zone it’s expected to be in at that time, its last known information is used. The source can still perform the action even though it no longer exists.
-112.8. The controller of an activated ability on the stack is the player who activated it. The controller of a triggered ability on the stack (other than a delayed triggered ability) is the player who controlled the abilityâ€™s source when it triggered, or, if it had no controller, the player who owned the abilityâ€™s source when it triggered. To determine the controller of a delayed triggered ability, see rules 603.7dâ€“f.
+112.8. The controller of an activated ability on the stack is the player who activated it. The controller of a triggered ability on the stack (other than a delayed triggered ability) is the player who controlled the ability’s source when it triggered, or, if it had no controller, the player who owned the ability’s source when it triggered. To determine the controller of a delayed triggered ability, see rules 603.7d–f.
-112.9. Activated and triggered abilities on the stack arenâ€™t spells, and therefore canâ€™t be countered by anything that counters only spells. Activated and triggered abilities on the stack can be countered by effects that specifically counter abilities, as well as by the rules (for example, an ability with one or more targets is countered if all its targets become illegal). Static abilities donâ€™t use the stack and thus canâ€™t be countered at all.
+112.9. Activated and triggered abilities on the stack aren’t spells, and therefore can’t be countered by anything that counters only spells. Activated and triggered abilities on the stack can be countered by effects that specifically counter abilities. Static abilities don’t use the stack and thus can’t be countered at all.
-112.10. Effects can add or remove abilities of objects. An effect that adds an ability will state that the object â€œgainsâ€ or â€œhasâ€ that ability. An effect that removes an ability will state that the object â€œlosesâ€ that ability.
+112.10. Effects can add or remove abilities of objects. An effect that adds an ability will state that the object “gains” or “has” that ability, or similar. An effect that removes an ability will state that the object “loses” that ability.
-112.10a An effect that adds an activated ability may include activation instructions for that ability. These instructions become part of the ability thatâ€™s added to the object.
+112.10a An effect that adds an activated ability may include activation instructions for that ability. These instructions become part of the ability that’s added to the object.
 112.10b Effects that remove an ability remove all instances of it.
 112.10c If two or more effects add and remove the same ability, in general the most recent one prevails. See rule 613 for more information about the interaction of continuous effects.
-112.11. Effects can stop an object from having a specified ability. These effects say that the object â€œcanâ€™t haveâ€ that ability. If the object has that ability, it loses it. Itâ€™s also impossible for an effect to add that ability to the object. If a resolving spell or ability creates a continuous effect that would add the specified ability to such an object, that part of that continuous effect does not apply; however, other parts of that continuous effect will still apply, and that resolving spell or ability can still create other continuous effects. Continuous effects created by static abilities that would add the specified ability wonâ€™t apply to that object.
+112.11. Effects can stop an object from having a specified ability. These effects say that the object “can’t have” that ability. If the object has that ability, it loses it. It’s also impossible for an effect to add that ability to the object. If a resolving spell or ability creates a continuous effect that would add the specified ability to such an object, that part of that continuous effect does not apply; however, other parts of that continuous effect will still apply, and that resolving spell or ability can still create other continuous effects. Continuous effects created by static abilities that would add the specified ability won’t apply to that object.
-112.12. An effect that sets an objectâ€™s characteristic, or simply states a quality of that object, is different from an ability granted by an effect. When an object â€œgainsâ€ or â€œhasâ€ an ability, that ability can be removed by another effect. If an effect defines a characteristic of the object (â€œ[permanent] is [characteristic value]â€), itâ€™s not granting an ability. (See rule 604.3.) Similarly, if an effect states a quality of that object (â€œ[creature] canâ€™t be blocked,â€ for example), itâ€™s neither granting an ability nor setting a characteristic.
+112.12. An effect that sets an object’s characteristic, or simply states a quality of that object, is different from an ability granted by an effect. When an object “gains” or “has” an ability, that ability can be removed by another effect. If an effect defines a characteristic of the object (“[permanent] is [characteristic value]”), it’s not granting an ability. (See rule 604.3.) Similarly, if an effect states a quality of that object (“[creature] can’t be blocked,” for example), it’s neither granting an ability nor setting a characteristic.
-Example: Muraganda Petroglyphs reads, â€œCreatures with no abilities get +2/+2.â€ A Runeclaw Bear (a creature with no abilities) enchanted by an Aura that says â€œEnchanted creature has flyingâ€ would not get +2/+2. A Runeclaw Bear enchanted by an Aura that says â€œEnchanted creature is redâ€ or â€œEnchanted creature canâ€™t be blockedâ€ would get +2/+2.
+Example: Muraganda Petroglyphs reads, “Creatures with no abilities get +2/+2.” A Runeclaw Bear (a creature with no abilities) enchanted by an Aura that says “Enchanted creature has flying” would not get +2/+2. A Runeclaw Bear enchanted by an Aura that says “Enchanted creature is red” or “Enchanted creature can’t be blocked” would get +2/+2.
 113. Emblems
 113.1. Some effects put emblems into the command zone. An emblem is a marker used to represent an object that has one or more abilities, but no other characteristics.
-113.2. An effect that creates an emblem is written â€œ[Player] gets an emblem with [ability].â€ This means that [player] puts an emblem with [ability] into the command zone. The emblem is both owned and controlled by that player.
+113.2. An effect that creates an emblem is written “[Player] gets an emblem with [ability].” This means that [player] puts an emblem with [ability] into the command zone. The emblem is both owned and controlled by that player.
 113.3. An emblem has no characteristics other than the abilities defined by the effect that created it. In particular, an emblem has no name, no types, no mana cost, and no color.
 113.4. Abilities of emblems function in the command zone.
-113.5. An emblem is neither a card nor a permanent. Emblem isnâ€™t a card type.
+113.5. An emblem is neither a card nor a permanent. Emblem isn’t a card type.
 114. Targets
-114.1. Some spells and abilities require their controller to choose one or more targets for them. The targets are object(s), player(s), and/or zone(s) the spell or ability will affect. These targets are declared as part of the process of putting the spell or ability on the stack. The targets canâ€™t be changed except by another spell or ability that explicitly says it can do so.
+114.1. Some spells and abilities require their controller to choose one or more targets for them. The targets are object(s) and/or player(s) the spell or ability will affect. These targets are declared as part of the process of putting the spell or ability on the stack. The targets can’t be changed except by another spell or ability that explicitly says it can do so.
-114.1a An instant or sorcery spell is targeted if its spell ability identifies something it will affect by using the phrase â€œtarget [something],â€ where the â€œsomethingâ€ is a phrase that describes an object, player, or zone. The target(s) are chosen as the spell is cast; see rule 601.2c. (If an activated or triggered ability of an instant or sorcery uses the word target, that ability is targeted, but the spell is not.)
+114.1a An instant or sorcery spell is targeted if its spell ability identifies something it will affect by using the phrase “target [something],” where the “something” is a phrase that describes an object and/or player. The target(s) are chosen as the spell is cast; see rule 601.2c. (If an activated or triggered ability of an instant or sorcery uses the word target, that ability is targeted, but the spell is not.)
-Example: A sorcery card has the ability â€œWhen you cycle this card, target creature gets -1/-1 until end of turn.â€ This triggered ability is targeted, but that doesnâ€™t make the card itâ€™s on targeted.
+Example: A sorcery card has the ability “When you cycle this card, target creature gets -1/-1 until end of turn.” This triggered ability is targeted, but that doesn’t make the card it’s on targeted.
-114.1b Aura spells are always targeted. These are the only permanent spells with targets. An Auraâ€™s target is specified by its enchant keyword ability (see rule 702.5, â€œEnchantâ€). The target(s) are chosen as the spell is cast; see rule 601.2c. An Aura permanent doesnâ€™t target anything; only the spell is targeted. (An activated or triggered ability of an Aura permanent can also be targeted.)
+114.1b Aura spells are always targeted. These are the only permanent spells with targets. An Aura’s target is specified by its enchant keyword ability (see rule 702.5, “Enchant”). The target(s) are chosen as the spell is cast; see rule 601.2c. An Aura permanent doesn’t target anything; only the spell is targeted. (An activated or triggered ability of an Aura permanent can also be targeted.)
-114.1c An activated ability is targeted if it identifies something it will affect by using the phrase â€œtarget [something],â€ where the â€œsomethingâ€ is a phrase that describes an object, player, or zone. The target(s) are chosen as the ability is activated; see rule 602.2b.
+114.1c An activated ability is targeted if it identifies something it will affect by using the phrase “target [something],” where the “something” is a phrase that describes an object and/or player. The target(s) are chosen as the ability is activated; see rule 602.2b.
-114.1d A triggered ability is targeted if it identifies something it will affect by using the phrase â€œtarget [something],â€ where the â€œsomethingâ€ is a phrase that describes an object, player, or zone. The target(s) are chosen as the ability is put on the stack; see rule 603.3d.
+114.1d A triggered ability is targeted if it identifies something it will affect by using the phrase “target [something],” where the “something” is a phrase that describes an object and/or player. The target(s) are chosen as the ability is put on the stack; see rule 603.3d.
-114.1e Some keyword abilities, such as equip and provoke, represent targeted activated or triggered abilities. In those cases, the phrase â€œtarget [something]â€ appears in the rule for that keyword ability rather than in the ability itself. (The keywordâ€™s reminder text will often contain the word â€œtarget.â€) See rule 702, â€œKeyword Abilities.â€
+114.1e Some keyword abilities, such as equip and provoke, represent targeted activated or triggered abilities. In those cases, the phrase “target [something]” appears in the rule for that keyword ability rather than in the ability itself. (The keyword’s reminder text will often contain the word “target.”) See rule 702, “Keyword Abilities.”
-114.2. Only permanents are legal targets for spells and abilities, unless a spell or ability (a) specifies that it can target an object in another zone or a player, (b) targets an object that canâ€™t exist on the battlefield, such as a spell or ability, or (c) targets a zone.
+114.2. Only permanents are legal targets for spells and abilities, unless a spell or ability (a) specifies that it can target an object in another zone or a player, or (b) targets an object that can’t exist on the battlefield, such as a spell or ability. See also rule 114.4.
-114.3. The same target canâ€™t be chosen multiple times for any one instance of the word â€œtargetâ€ on a spell or ability. If the spell or ability uses the word â€œtargetâ€ in multiple places, the same object, player, or zone can be chosen once for each instance of the word â€œtargetâ€ (as long as it fits the targeting criteria). This rule applies both when choosing targets for a spell or ability and when changing targets or choosing new targets for a spell or ability (see rule 114.6).
+114.3. The same target can’t be chosen multiple times for any one instance of the word “target” on a spell or ability. If the spell or ability uses the word “target” in multiple places, the same object or player can be chosen once for each instance of the word “target” (as long as it fits the targeting criteria). This rule applies both when choosing targets for a spell or ability and when changing targets or choosing new targets for a spell or ability (see rule 114.7).
-114.4. A spell or ability on the stack is an illegal target for itself.
+114.4. Some spells and abilities that refer to damage require “any target,” “another target,” “two targets,” or similar rather than “target [something].” These targets may be creatures, players, or planeswalkers. Other game objects, such as noncreature artifacts or spells, can’t be chosen.
-114.5. Spells and abilities that can have zero or more targets are targeted only if one or more targets have been chosen for them.
+114.5. A spell or ability on the stack is an illegal target for itself.
-114.6. Some effects allow a player to change the target(s) of a spell or ability, and other effects allow a player to choose new targets for a spell or ability.
+114.6. Spells and abilities that can have zero or more targets are targeted only if one or more targets have been chosen for them.
-114.6a If an effect allows a player to â€œchange the target(s)â€ of a spell or ability, each target can be changed only to another legal target. If a target canâ€™t be changed to another legal target, the original target is unchanged, even if the original target is itself illegal by then. If all the targets arenâ€™t changed to other legal targets, none of them are changed.
+114.7. Some effects allow a player to change the target(s) of a spell or ability, and other effects allow a player to choose new targets for a spell or ability.
-114.6b If an effect allows a player to â€œchange a targetâ€ of a spell or ability, the process described in rule 114.6a is followed, except that only one of those targets may be changed (rather than all of them or none of them).
+114.7a If an effect allows a player to “change the target(s)” of a spell or ability, each target can be changed only to another legal target. If a target can’t be changed to another legal target, the original target is unchanged, even if the original target is itself illegal by then. If all the targets aren’t changed to other legal targets, none of them are changed.
-114.6c If an effect allows a player to â€œchange any targetsâ€ of a spell or ability, the process described in rule 114.6a is followed, except that any number of those targets may be changed (rather than all of them or none of them).
+114.7b If an effect allows a player to “change a target” of a spell or ability, the process described in rule 114.7a is followed, except that only one of those targets may be changed (rather than all of them or none of them).
-114.6d If an effect allows a player to â€œchoose new targetsâ€ for a spell or ability, the player may leave any number of the targets unchanged, even if those targets would be illegal. If the player chooses to change some or all of the targets, the new targets must be legal and must not cause any unchanged targets to become illegal.
+114.7c If an effect allows a player to “change any targets” of a spell or ability, the process described in rule 114.7a is followed, except that any number of those targets may be changed (rather than all of them or none of them).
-114.6e When changing targets or choosing new targets for a spell or ability, only the final set of targets is evaluated to determine whether the change is legal.
+114.7d If an effect allows a player to “choose new targets” for a spell or ability, the player may leave any number of the targets unchanged, even if those targets would be illegal. If the player chooses to change some or all of the targets, the new targets must be legal and must not cause any unchanged targets to become illegal.
-Example: Arc Trail is a sorcery that reads â€œArc Trail deals 2 damage to target creature or player and 1 damage to another target creature or player.â€ The current targets of Arc Trail are Runeclaw Bear and Llanowar Elves, in that order. You cast Redirect, an instant that reads â€œYou may choose new targets for target spell,â€ targeting Arc Trail. You can change the first target to Llanowar Elves and change the second target to Runeclaw Bear.
+114.7e When changing targets or choosing new targets for a spell or ability, only the final set of targets is evaluated to determine whether the change is legal.
-114.7. Modal spells and abilities may have different targeting requirements for each mode. An effect that allows a player to change the target(s) of a modal spell or ability, or to choose new targets for a modal spell or ability, doesnâ€™t allow that player to change its mode. (See rule 700.2.)
+Example: Arc Trail is a sorcery that reads “Arc Trail deals 2 damage to any target and 1 damage to another target.” The current targets of Arc Trail are Runeclaw Bear and Llanowar Elves, in that order. You cast Redirect, an instant that reads “You may choose new targets for target spell,” targeting Arc Trail. You can change the first target to Llanowar Elves and change the second target to Runeclaw Bear.
-114.8. Some objects check what another spell or ability is targeting. Depending on the wording, these may check the current state of the targets, the state of the targets at the time they were selected, or both.
+114.8. Modal spells and abilities may have different targeting requirements for each mode. An effect that allows a player to change the target(s) of a modal spell or ability, or to choose new targets for a modal spell or ability, doesn’t allow that player to change its mode. (See rule 700.2.)
-114.8a An object that looks for a â€œ[spell or ability] with a single targetâ€ checks the number of times any objects, players, or zones became the target of that spell or ability when it was put on the stack, not the number of its targets that are currently legal. If the same object, player, or zone became a target more than once, each of those instances is counted separately.
+114.9. Some objects check what another spell or ability is targeting. Depending on the wording, these may check the current state of the targets, the state of the targets at the time they were selected, or both.
-114.8b An object that looks for a â€œ[spell or ability] that targets [something]â€ checks the current state of that spell or abilityâ€™s targets. If an object it targets is still in the zone itâ€™s expected to be in or a player it targets is still in the game, that targetâ€™s current information is used, even if itâ€™s not currently legal for that spell or ability. If an object it targets is no longer in the zone itâ€™s expected to be in or a player it targets is no longer in the game, that target is ignored; its last known information is not used.
+114.9a An object that looks for a “[spell or ability] with a single target” checks the number of times any objects or players became the target of that spell or ability when it was put on the stack, not the number of its targets that are currently legal. If the same object or player became a target more than once, each of those instances is counted separately.
-114.8c An object that looks for a â€œ[spell or ability] that targets only [something]â€ checks the number of different objects or players that became the target of that spell or ability when it was put on the stack (as modified by effects that changed those targets), not the number of those objects or players that are currently legal targets. If that number is one (even if the spell or ability targets that object or player multiple times), the current state of that spell or abilityâ€™s target is checked as described in rule 114.8b.
+114.9b An object that looks for a “[spell or ability] that targets [something]” checks the current state of that spell or ability’s targets. If an object it targets is still in the zone it’s expected to be in or a player it targets is still in the game, that target’s current information is used, even if it’s not currently legal for that spell or ability. If an object it targets is no longer in the zone it’s expected to be in or a player it targets is no longer in the game, that target is ignored; its last known information is not used.
-114.9. Spells and abilities can affect objects and players they donâ€™t target. In general, those objects and players arenâ€™t chosen until the spell or ability resolves. See rule 608, â€œResolving Spells and Abilities.â€
+114.9c An object that looks for a “[spell or ability] that targets only [something]” checks the number of different objects or players that became the target of that spell or ability when it was put on the stack (as modified by effects that changed those targets), not the number of those objects or players that are currently legal targets. If that number is one (even if the spell or ability targets that object or player multiple times), the current state of that spell or ability’s target is checked as described in rule 114.9b.
-114.9a Just because an object or player is being affected by a spell or ability doesnâ€™t make that object or player a target of that spell or ability. Unless that object or player is identified by the word â€œtargetâ€ in the text of that spell or ability, or the rule for that keyword ability, itâ€™s not a target.
+114.10. Spells and abilities can affect objects and players they don’t target. In general, those objects and players aren’t chosen until the spell or ability resolves. See rule 608, “Resolving Spells and Abilities.”
-114.9b In particular, the word â€œyouâ€ in an objectâ€™s text doesnâ€™t indicate a target.
+114.10a Just because an object or player is being affected by a spell or ability doesn’t make that object or player a target of that spell or ability. Unless that object or player is identified by the word “target” in the text of that spell or ability, or the rule for that keyword ability, it’s not a target.
+114.10b In particular, the word “you” in an object’s text doesn’t indicate a target.
 115. Special Actions
-115.1. Special actions are actions a player may take when he or she has priority that donâ€™t use the stack. These are not to be confused with turn-based actions and state-based actions, which the game generates automatically. (See rule 703, â€œTurn-Based Actions,â€ and rule 704, â€œState-Based Actions.â€)
+115.1. Special actions are actions a player may take when they have priority that don’t use the stack. These are not to be confused with turn-based actions and state-based actions, which the game generates automatically. (See rule 703, “Turn-Based Actions,” and rule 704, “State-Based Actions.”)
 115.2. There are eight special actions:
-115.2a Playing a land is a special action. To play a land, a player puts that land onto the battlefield from the zone it was in (usually that playerâ€™s hand). By default, a player can take this action only once during each of his or her turns. A player can take this action any time he or she has priority and the stack is empty during a main phase of his or her turn. See rule 305, â€œLands.â€
+115.2a Playing a land is a special action. To play a land, a player puts that land onto the battlefield from the zone it was in (usually that player’s hand). By default, a player can take this action only once during each of their turns. A player can take this action any time they have priority and the stack is empty during a main phase of their turn. See rule 305, “Lands.”
-115.2b Turning a face-down creature face up is a special action. A player can take this action any time he or she has priority. See rule 707, â€œFace-Down Spells and Permanents.â€
+115.2b Turning a face-down creature face up is a special action. A player can take this action any time they have priority. See rule 707, “Face-Down Spells and Permanents.”
-115.2c Some effects allow a player to take an action at a later time, usually to end a continuous effect or to stop a delayed triggered ability from triggering. Doing so is a special action. A player can take such an action any time he or she has priority, unless that effect specifies another timing restriction, for as long as the effect allows it.
+115.2c Some effects allow a player to take an action at a later time, usually to end a continuous effect or to stop a delayed triggered ability from triggering. Doing so is a special action. A player can take such an action any time they have priority, unless that effect specifies another timing restriction, for as long as the effect allows it.
-115.2d Some effects from static abilities allow a player to take an action to ignore the effect from that ability for a duration. Doing so is a special action. A player can take such an action any time he or she has priority.
+115.2d Some effects from static abilities allow a player to take an action to ignore the effect from that ability for a duration. Doing so is a special action. A player can take such an action any time they have priority.
-115.2e One card (Circling Vultures) has the ability â€œYou may discard Circling Vultures any time you could cast an instant.â€ Doing so is a special action. A player can take such an action any time he or she has priority.
+115.2e One card (Circling Vultures) has the ability “You may discard Circling Vultures any time you could cast an instant.” Doing so is a special action. A player can take such an action any time they have priority.
-115.2f A player who has a card with suspend in his or her hand may exile that card. This is a special action. A player can take this action any time he or she has priority, but only if he or she could begin to cast that card by putting it onto the stack. See rule 702.61, â€œSuspend.â€
+115.2f A player who has a card with suspend in their hand may exile that card. This is a special action. A player can take this action any time they have priority, but only if they could begin to cast that card by putting it onto the stack. See rule 702.61, “Suspend.”
-115.2g In a Planechase game, rolling the planar die is a special action. A player can take this action any time he or she has priority and the stack is empty during a main phase of his or her turn. Taking this action costs a player an amount of mana equal to the number of times he or she has previously taken this action on that turn. Note that this number wonâ€™t be equal to the number of times the player has rolled the planar die that turn if an effect has caused the player to roll the planar die that turn. See rule 901, â€œPlanechase.â€
+115.2g In a Planechase game, rolling the planar die is a special action. A player can take this action any time they have priority and the stack is empty during a main phase of their turn. Taking this action costs a player an amount of mana equal to the number of times they have previously taken this action on that turn. Note that this number won’t be equal to the number of times the player has rolled the planar die that turn if an effect has caused the player to roll the planar die that turn. See rule 901, “Planechase.”
-115.2h In a Conspiracy Draft game, turning a face-down conspiracy card in the command zone face up is a special action. A player can take this action any time he or she has priority. See rule 905.4a.
+115.2h In a Conspiracy Draft game, turning a face-down conspiracy card in the command zone face up is a special action. A player can take this action any time they have priority. See rule 905.4a.
 115.3. If a player takes a special action, that player receives priority afterward.
 116. Timing and Priority
 116.1. Unless a spell or ability is instructing a player to take an action, which player can take actions at any given time is determined by a system of priority. The player with priority may cast spells, activate abilities, and take special actions.
-116.1a A player may cast an instant spell any time he or she has priority. A player may cast a noninstant spell during his or her main phase any time he or she has priority and the stack is empty.
+116.1a A player may cast an instant spell any time they have priority. A player may cast a noninstant spell during their main phase any time they have priority and the stack is empty.
-116.1b A player may activate an activated ability any time he or she has priority.
+116.1b A player may activate an activated ability any time they have priority.
-116.1c A player may take some special actions any time he or she has priority. A player may take other special actions during his or her main phase any time he or she has priority and the stack is empty. See rule 115, â€œSpecial Actions.â€
+116.1c A player may take some special actions any time they have priority. A player may take other special actions during their main phase any time they have priority and the stack is empty. See rule 115, “Special Actions.”
-116.1d A player may activate a mana ability whenever he or she has priority, whenever he or she is casting a spell or activating an ability that requires a mana payment, or whenever a rule or effect asks for a mana payment (even in the middle of casting or resolving a spell or activating or resolving an ability).
+116.1d A player may activate a mana ability whenever they have priority, whenever they are casting a spell or activating an ability that requires a mana payment, or whenever a rule or effect asks for a mana payment (even in the middle of casting or resolving a spell or activating or resolving an ability).
 116.2. Other kinds of abilities and actions are automatically generated or performed by the game rules, or are performed by players without receiving priority.
-116.2a Triggered abilities can trigger at any time, including while a spell is being cast, an ability is being activated, or a spell or ability is resolving. (See rule 603, â€œHandling Triggered Abilities.â€) However, nothing actually happens at the time an ability triggers. Each time a player would receive priority, each ability that has triggered but hasnâ€™t yet been put on the stack is put on the stack. See rule 116.5.
+116.2a Triggered abilities can trigger at any time, including while a spell is being cast, an ability is being activated, or a spell or ability is resolving. (See rule 603, “Handling Triggered Abilities.”) However, nothing actually happens at the time an ability triggers. Each time a player would receive priority, each ability that has triggered but hasn’t yet been put on the stack is put on the stack. See rule 116.5.
-116.2b Static abilities continuously affect the game. Priority doesnâ€™t apply to them. (See rule 604, â€œHandling Static Abilities,â€ and rule 611, â€œContinuous Effects.â€)
+116.2b Static abilities continuously affect the game. Priority doesn’t apply to them. (See rule 604, “Handling Static Abilities,” and rule 611, “Continuous Effects.”)
-116.2c Turn-based actions happen automatically when certain steps or phases begin. Theyâ€™re dealt with before a player would receive priority. See rule 116.3a. Turn-based actions also happen automatically when each step and phase ends; no player receives priority afterward. See rule 703, â€œTurn-Based Actions.â€
+116.2c Turn-based actions happen automatically when certain steps or phases begin. They’re dealt with before a player would receive priority. See rule 116.3a. Turn-based actions also happen automatically when each step and phase ends; no player receives priority afterward. See rule 703, “Turn-Based Actions.”
-116.2d State-based actions happen automatically when certain conditions are met. See rule 704. Theyâ€™re dealt with before a player would receive priority. See rule 116.5.
+116.2d State-based actions happen automatically when certain conditions are met. See rule 704. They’re dealt with before a player would receive priority. See rule 116.5.
-116.2e Resolving spells and abilities may instruct players to make choices or take actions, or may allow players to activate mana abilities. Even if a player is doing so, no player has priority while a spell or ability is resolving. See rule 608, â€œResolving Spells and Abilities.â€
+116.2e Resolving spells and abilities may instruct players to make choices or take actions, or may allow players to activate mana abilities. Even if a player is doing so, no player has priority while a spell or ability is resolving. See rule 608, “Resolving Spells and Abilities.”
 116.3. Which player has priority is determined by the following rules:
-116.3a The active player receives priority at the beginning of most steps and phases, after any turn-based actions (such as drawing a card during the draw step; see rule 703) have been dealt with and abilities that trigger at the beginning of that phase or step have been put on the stack. No player receives priority during the untap step. Players usually donâ€™t get priority during the cleanup step (see rule 514.3).
+116.3a The active player receives priority at the beginning of most steps and phases, after any turn-based actions (such as drawing a card during the draw step; see rule 703) have been dealt with and abilities that trigger at the beginning of that phase or step have been put on the stack. No player receives priority during the untap step. Players usually don’t get priority during the cleanup step (see rule 514.3).
 116.3b The active player receives priority after a spell or ability (other than a mana ability) resolves.
-116.3c If a player has priority when he or she casts a spell, activates an ability, or takes a special action, that player receives priority afterward.
+116.3c If a player has priority when they cast a spell, activate an ability, or take a special action, that player receives priority afterward.
-116.3d If a player has priority and chooses not to take any actions, that player passes. If any mana is in that playerâ€™s mana pool, he or she announces what mana is there. Then the next player in turn order receives priority.
+116.3d If a player has priority and chooses not to take any actions, that player passes. If any mana is in that player’s mana pool, they announce what mana is there. Then the next player in turn order receives priority.
 116.4. If all players pass in succession (that is, if all players pass without taking any actions in between passing), the spell or ability on top of the stack resolves or, if the stack is empty, the phase or step ends.
-116.5. Each time a player would get priority, the game first performs all applicable state-based actions as a single event (see rule 704, â€œState-Based Actionsâ€), then repeats this process until no state-based actions are performed. Then triggered abilities are put on the stack (see rule 603, â€œHandling Triggered Abilitiesâ€). These steps repeat in order until no further state-based actions are performed and no abilities trigger. Then the player who would have received priority does so.
+116.5. Each time a player would get priority, the game first performs all applicable state-based actions as a single event (see rule 704, “State-Based Actions”), then repeats this process until no state-based actions are performed. Then triggered abilities are put on the stack (see rule 603, “Handling Triggered Abilities”). These steps repeat in order until no further state-based actions are performed and no abilities trigger. Then the player who would have received priority does so.
-116.6. In a multiplayer game using the shared team turns option, teams rather than individual players have priority. See rule 805, â€œShared Team Turns Option.â€
+116.6. In a multiplayer game using the shared team turns option, teams rather than individual players have priority. See rule 805, “Shared Team Turns Option.”
-116.7. If a player with priority casts a spell or activates an activated ability while another spell or ability is already on the stack, the new spell or ability has been cast or activated â€œin response toâ€ the earlier spell or ability. The new spell or ability will resolve first. See rule 608, â€œResolving Spells and Abilities.â€
+116.7. If a player with priority casts a spell or activates an activated ability while another spell or ability is already on the stack, the new spell or ability has been cast or activated “in response to” the earlier spell or ability. The new spell or ability will resolve first. See rule 608, “Resolving Spells and Abilities.”
 117. Costs
 117.1. A cost is an action or payment necessary to take another action or to stop another action from taking place. To pay a cost, a player carries out the instructions specified by the spell, ability, or effect that contains that cost.
-117.2. If a cost includes a mana payment, the player paying the cost has a chance to activate mana abilities. Paying the cost to cast a spell or activate an activated ability follows the steps in rules 601.2fâ€“h.
+117.2. If a cost includes a mana payment, the player paying the cost has a chance to activate mana abilities. Paying the cost to cast a spell or activate an activated ability follows the steps in rules 601.2f–h.
-117.3. A player canâ€™t pay a cost unless he or she has the necessary resources to pay it fully. For example, a player with only 1 life canâ€™t pay a cost of 2 life, and a permanent thatâ€™s already tapped canâ€™t be tapped to pay a cost. See rule 202, â€œMana Cost and Color,â€ and rule 602, â€œActivating Activated Abilities.â€
+117.3. A player can’t pay a cost without having the necessary resources to pay it fully. For example, a player with only 1 life can’t pay a cost of 2 life, and a permanent that’s already tapped can’t be tapped to pay a cost. See rule 202, “Mana Cost and Color,” and rule 602, “Activating Activated Abilities.”
-117.3a Paying mana is done by removing the indicated mana from a playerâ€™s mana pool. (Players can always pay 0 mana.) If excess mana remains in that playerâ€™s mana pool after making that payment, the player announces what mana is still there.
+117.3a Paying mana is done by removing the indicated mana from a player’s mana pool. (Players can always pay 0 mana.) If excess mana remains in that player’s mana pool after making that payment, the player announces what mana is still there.
-117.3b Paying life is done by subtracting the indicated amount of life from a playerâ€™s life total. (Players can always pay 0 life.)
+117.3b Paying life is done by subtracting the indicated amount of life from a player’s life total. (Players can always pay 0 life.)
 117.3c Activating mana abilities is not mandatory, even if paying a cost is.
-Example: A player controls Lodestone Golem, which says â€œNonartifact spells cost {1} more to cast.â€ Another player removes the last time counter from a suspended sorcery card. That player must cast that spell if able, but doing so costs {1}. The player is forced to pay that cost if enough mana is in his or her mana pool, but the player isnâ€™t forced to activate a mana ability to produce that mana. If he or she doesnâ€™t, the card simply remains exiled.
+Example: A player controls Lodestone Golem, which says “Nonartifact spells cost {1} more to cast.” Another player removes the last time counter from a suspended sorcery card. That player must cast that spell if able, but doing so costs {1}. The player is forced to pay that cost if enough mana is in their mana pool, but the player isn’t forced to activate a mana ability to produce that mana. If they don’t, the card simply remains exiled.
 117.4. Some costs include an {X} or an X. See rule 107.3.
-117.5. Some costs are represented by {0}, or are reduced to {0}. The action necessary for a player to pay such a cost is the playerâ€™s acknowledgment that he or she is paying it. Even though such a cost requires no resources, itâ€™s not automatically paid.
+117.5. Some costs are represented by {0}, or are reduced to {0}. The action necessary for a player to pay such a cost is the player’s acknowledgment that they are paying it. Even though such a cost requires no resources, it’s not automatically paid.
-117.5a A spell whose mana cost is {0} must still be cast the same way as one with a cost greater than zero; it wonâ€™t cast itself automatically. The same is true for an activated ability whose cost is {0}.
+117.5a A spell whose mana cost is {0} must still be cast the same way as one with a cost greater than zero; it won’t cast itself automatically. The same is true for an activated ability whose cost is {0}.
-117.6. Some mana costs contain no mana symbols. This represents an unpayable cost. An ability can also have an unpayable cost if its cost is based on the mana cost of an object with no mana cost. Attempting to cast a spell or activate an ability that has an unpayable cost is a legal action. However, attempting to pay an unpayable cost is an illegal action.
+117.6. Some objects have no mana cost. This represents an unpayable cost. An ability can also have an unpayable cost if its cost is based on the mana cost of an object with no mana cost. Attempting to cast a spell or activate an ability that has an unpayable cost is a legal action. However, attempting to pay an unpayable cost is an illegal action.
 117.6a If an unpayable cost is increased by an effect or an additional cost is imposed, the cost is still unpayable. If an alternative cost is applied to an unpayable cost, including an effect that allows a player to cast a spell without paying its mana cost, the alternative cost may be paid.
-117.7. What a player actually needs to do to pay a cost may be changed or reduced by effects. If the mana component of a cost is reduced to nothing by cost reduction effects, itâ€™s considered to be {0}. Paying a cost changed or reduced by an effect counts as paying the original cost.
+117.7. What a player actually needs to do to pay a cost may be changed or reduced by effects. If the mana component of a cost is reduced to nothing by cost reduction effects, it’s considered to be {0}. Paying a cost changed or reduced by an effect counts as paying the original cost.
-117.7a Effects that reduce a cost by an amount of generic mana affect only the generic mana component of that cost. They canâ€™t affect the colored or colorless mana components of that cost.
+117.7a Effects that reduce a cost by an amount of generic mana affect only the generic mana component of that cost. They can’t affect the colored or colorless mana components of that cost.
-117.7b If a cost is reduced by an amount of colored or colorless mana, but the cost doesnâ€™t require mana of that type, the cost is reduced by that amount of generic mana.
+117.7b If a cost is reduced by an amount of colored or colorless mana, but the cost doesn’t require mana of that type, the cost is reduced by that amount of generic mana.
-117.7c If a cost is reduced by an amount of colored mana that exceeds its mana component of that color, the costâ€™s mana component of that color is reduced to nothing and the costâ€™s generic mana component is reduced by the difference.
+117.7c If a cost is reduced by an amount of colored mana that exceeds its mana component of that color, the cost’s mana component of that color is reduced to nothing and the cost’s generic mana component is reduced by the difference.
-117.7d If a cost is reduced by an amount of colorless mana that exceeds its colorless mana component, the costâ€™s colorless mana component is reduced to nothing and the costâ€™s generic mana component is reduced by the difference.
+117.7d If a cost is reduced by an amount of colorless mana that exceeds its colorless mana component, the cost’s colorless mana component is reduced to nothing and the cost’s generic mana component is reduced by the difference.
-117.7e If a cost is reduced by an amount of mana represented by a hybrid mana symbol, the player paying that cost chooses one half of that symbol at the time the cost reduction is applied (see rule 601.2f). If a colored half is chosen, the cost is reduced by one mana of that color. If a colorless half is chosen, the cost is reduced by an amount of generic mana equal to that halfâ€™s number.
+117.7e If a cost is reduced by an amount of mana represented by a hybrid mana symbol, the player paying that cost chooses one half of that symbol at the time the cost reduction is applied (see rule 601.2f). If a colored half is chosen, the cost is reduced by one mana of that color. If a colorless half is chosen, the cost is reduced by an amount of generic mana equal to that half’s number.
-117.7f If a cost is reduced by an amount of mana represented by a Phyrexian mana symbol, the cost is reduced by one mana of that symbolâ€™s color.
+117.7f If a cost is reduced by an amount of mana represented by a Phyrexian mana symbol, the cost is reduced by one mana of that symbol’s color.
-117.8. Some spells and abilities have additional costs. An additional cost is a cost listed in a spellâ€™s rules text, or applied to a spell or ability from another effect, that its controller must pay at the same time that player pays the spellâ€™s mana cost or the abilityâ€™s activation cost. A cost is an additional cost only if itâ€™s phrased using the word â€œadditional.â€ Note that some additional costs are listed in keywords; see rule 702.
+117.8. Some spells and abilities have additional costs. An additional cost is a cost listed in a spell’s rules text, or applied to a spell or ability from another effect, that its controller must pay at the same time they pay the spell’s mana cost or the ability’s activation cost. Note that some additional costs are listed in keywords; see rule 702.
-117.8a Any number of additional costs may be applied to a spell as itâ€™s being cast or to an ability as itâ€™s being activated. The controller of the spell or ability announces his or her intentions to pay any or all of those costs as described in rule 601.2b.
+117.8a Any number of additional costs may be applied to a spell as it’s being cast or to an ability as it’s being activated. The controller of the spell or ability announces their intentions to pay any or all of those costs as described in rule 601.2b.
 117.8b Some additional costs are optional.
-117.8c If an effect instructs a player to cast a spell â€œif able,â€ and that spell has a mandatory additional cost that includes actions involving cards with a stated quality in a hidden zone, the player isnâ€™t required to cast that spell, even if those cards are present in that zone.
+117.8c If an effect instructs a player to cast a spell “if able,” and that spell has a mandatory additional cost that includes actions involving cards with a stated quality in a hidden zone, the player isn’t required to cast that spell, even if those cards are present in that zone.
-117.8d Additional costs donâ€™t change a spellâ€™s mana cost, only what its controller has to pay to cast it. Spells and abilities that ask for that spellâ€™s mana cost still see the original value.
+117.8d Additional costs don’t change a spell’s mana cost, only what its controller has to pay to cast it. Spells and abilities that ask for that spell’s mana cost still see the original value.
-117.8e Some effects increase the cost to cast a spell or activate an ability without using the word â€œadditional.â€ Those are not additional costs, and are not considered until determining the total cost of a spell or ability as described in rule 601.2f.
+117.9. Some spells have alternative costs. An alternative cost is a cost listed in a spell’s text, or applied to it from another effect, that its controller may pay rather than paying the spell’s mana cost. Alternative costs are usually phrased, “You may [action] rather than pay [this object’s] mana cost,” or “You may cast [this object] without paying its mana cost.” Note that some alternative costs are listed in keywords; see rule 702.
-117.9. Some spells have alternative costs. An alternative cost is a cost listed in a spellâ€™s text, or applied to it from another effect, that its controller may pay rather than paying the spellâ€™s mana cost. Alternative costs are usually phrased, â€œYou may [action] rather than pay [this objectâ€™s] mana cost,â€ or â€œYou may cast [this object] without paying its mana cost.â€ Note that some alternative costs are listed in keywords; see rule 702.
+117.9a Only one alternative cost can be applied to any one spell as it’s being cast. The controller of the spell announces their intentions to pay that cost as described in rule 601.2b.
-117.9a Only one alternative cost can be applied to any one spell as itâ€™s being cast. The controller of the spell announces his or her intentions to pay that cost as described in rule 601.2b.
 117.9b Alternative costs are always optional.
-117.9c An alternative cost doesnâ€™t change a spellâ€™s mana cost, only what its controller has to pay to cast it. Spells and abilities that ask for that spellâ€™s mana cost still see the original value.
+117.9c An alternative cost doesn’t change a spell’s mana cost, only what its controller has to pay to cast it. Spells and abilities that ask for that spell’s mana cost still see the original value.
 117.9d If an alternative cost is being paid to cast a spell, any additional costs, cost increases, and cost reductions that affect that spell are applied to that alternative cost. (See rule 601.2f.)
-117.10. Each payment of a cost applies to only one spell, ability, or effect. For example, a player canâ€™t sacrifice just one creature to activate the activated abilities of two permanents that each require sacrificing a creature as a cost. Also, the resolution of a spell or ability doesnâ€™t pay another spell or abilityâ€™s cost, even if part of its effect is doing the same thing the other cost asks for.
+117.10. Each payment of a cost applies to only one spell, ability, or effect. For example, a player can’t sacrifice just one creature to activate the activated abilities of two permanents that each require sacrificing a creature as a cost. Also, the resolution of a spell or ability doesn’t pay another spell or ability’s cost, even if part of its effect is doing the same thing the other cost asks for.
-117.11. The actions performed when paying a cost may be modified by effects. Even if they are, meaning the actions that are performed donâ€™t match the actions that are called for, the cost has still been paid.
+117.11. The actions performed when paying a cost may be modified by effects. Even if they are, meaning the actions that are performed don’t match the actions that are called for, the cost has still been paid.
-Example: A player controls Psychic Vortex, an enchantment with a cumulative upkeep cost of â€œDraw a card,â€ and Obstinate Familiar, a creature that says â€œIf you would draw a card, you may skip that draw instead.â€ The player may decide to pay Psychic Vortexâ€™s cumulative upkeep cost and then draw no cards instead of drawing the appropriate amount. The cumulative upkeep cost has still been paid.
+Example: A player controls Psychic Vortex, an enchantment with a cumulative upkeep cost of “Draw a card,” and Obstinate Familiar, a creature that says “If you would draw a card, you may skip that draw instead.” The player may decide to pay Psychic Vortex’s cumulative upkeep cost and then draw no cards instead of drawing the appropriate amount. The cumulative upkeep cost has still been paid.
-117.12. Some spells, activated abilities, and triggered abilities read, â€œ[Do something]. If [a player] [does, doesnâ€™t, or canâ€™t], [effect].â€ or â€œ[A player] may [do something]. If [that player] [does, doesnâ€™t, or canâ€™t], [effect].â€ The action [do something] is a cost, paid when the spell or ability resolves. The â€œIf [a player] [does, doesnâ€™t, or canâ€™t]â€ clause checks whether the player chose to pay an optional cost or started to pay a mandatory cost, regardless of what events actually occurred.
+117.12. Some spells, activated abilities, and triggered abilities read, “[Do something]. If [a player] [does, doesn’t, or can’t], [effect].” or “[A player] may [do something]. If [that player] [does, doesn’t, or can’t], [effect].” The action [do something] is a cost, paid when the spell or ability resolves. The “If [a player] [does, doesn’t, or can’t]” clause checks whether the player chose to pay an optional cost or started to pay a mandatory cost, regardless of what events actually occurred.
-Example: You control Standstill, an enchantment that says â€œWhen a player casts a spell, sacrifice Standstill. If you do, each of that playerâ€™s opponents draws three cards.â€ A spell is cast, causing Standstillâ€™s ability to trigger. Then an ability is activated that exiles Standstill. When Standstillâ€™s ability resolves, youâ€™re unable to pay the â€œsacrifice Standstillâ€ cost. No player will draw cards.
+Example: You control Standstill, an enchantment that says “When a player casts a spell, sacrifice Standstill. If you do, each of that player’s opponents draws three cards.” A spell is cast, causing Standstill’s ability to trigger. Then an ability is activated that exiles Standstill. When Standstill’s ability resolves, you’re unable to pay the “sacrifice Standstill” cost. No player will draw cards.
-Example: Your opponent has cast Gather Specimens, a spell that says â€œIf a creature would enter the battlefield under an opponentâ€™s control this turn, it enters the battlefield under your control instead.â€ You control a face-down Dermoplasm, a creature with morph that says â€œWhen Dermoplasm is turned face up, you may put a creature card with morph from your hand onto the battlefield face up. If you do, return Dermoplasm to its ownerâ€™s hand.â€ You turn Dermoplasm face up, and you choose to put a creature card with morph from your hand onto the battlefield. Due to Gather Specimens, it enters the battlefield under your opponentâ€™s control instead of yours. However, since you chose to pay the cost, Dermoplasm is still returned to its ownerâ€™s hand.
+Example: Your opponent has cast Gather Specimens, a spell that says “If a creature would enter the battlefield under an opponent’s control this turn, it enters the battlefield under your control instead.” You control a face-down Dermoplasm, a creature with morph that says “When Dermoplasm is turned face up, you may put a creature card with morph from your hand onto the battlefield face up. If you do, return Dermoplasm to its owner’s hand.” You turn Dermoplasm face up, and you choose to put a creature card with morph from your hand onto the battlefield. Due to Gather Specimens, it enters the battlefield under your opponent’s control instead of yours. However, since you chose to pay the cost, Dermoplasm is still returned to its owner’s hand.
-117.12a Some spells, activated abilities, and triggered abilities read, â€œ[Do something] unless [a player does something else].â€ This means the same thing as â€œ[A player may do something else]. If [that player doesnâ€™t], [do something].â€
+117.12a Some spells, activated abilities, and triggered abilities read, “[Do something] unless [a player does something else].” This means the same thing as “[A player may do something else]. If [that player doesn’t], [do something].”
+117.12b Some effects offer a player a choice to search a zone and take additional actions with the cards found in that zone, followed by an “If [a player] does” clause. This clause checks whether the player chose to search, not whether the player took any of the additional actions.
 118. Life
 118.1. Each player begins the game with a starting life total of 20. Some variant games have different starting life totals.
-118.1a In a Two-Headed Giant game, each teamâ€™s starting life total is 30. See rule 810, â€œTwo-Headed Giant Variant.â€
+118.1a In a Two-Headed Giant game, each team’s starting life total is 30. See rule 810, “Two-Headed Giant Variant.”
-118.1b In a Vanguard game, each playerâ€™s starting life total is 20 plus or minus the life modifier of his or her vanguard card. See rule 902, â€œVanguard.â€
+118.1b In a Vanguard game, each player’s starting life total is 20 plus or minus the life modifier of their vanguard card. See rule 902, “Vanguard.”
-118.1c In a Commander game, each playerâ€™s starting life total is 40. See rule 903, â€œCommander.â€
+118.1c In a Commander game, each player’s starting life total is 40. See rule 903, “Commander.”
-118.1d In an Archenemy game, the archenemyâ€™s starting life total is 40. See rule 904, â€œArchenemy.â€
+118.1d. In a two-player Brawl game, each player’s starting life total is 25. In a multiplayer Brawl game, each player’s starting life total is 30. See rule 903.11, “Brawl Option.”
+118.1e In an Archenemy game, the archenemy’s starting life total is 40. See rule 904, “Archenemy.”
 118.2. Damage dealt to a player normally causes that player to lose that much life. See rule 119.3.
-118.3. If an effect causes a player to gain life or lose life, that playerâ€™s life total is adjusted accordingly.
+118.3. If an effect causes a player to gain life or lose life, that player’s life total is adjusted accordingly.
-118.4. If a cost or effect allows a player to pay an amount of life greater than 0, the player may do so only if his or her life total is greater than or equal to the amount of the payment. If a player pays life, the payment is subtracted from his or her life total; in other words, the player loses that much life. (Players can always pay 0 life.)
+118.4. If a cost or effect allows a player to pay an amount of life greater than 0, the player may do so only if their life total is greater than or equal to the amount of the payment. If a player pays life, the payment is subtracted from their life total; in other words, the player loses that much life. (Players can always pay 0 life.)
-118.4a If a cost or effect allows a player to pay an amount of life greater than 0 in a Two-Headed Giant game, the player may do so only if his or her teamâ€™s life total is greater than or equal to the total amount of life both team members are paying for that cost or effect. If a player pays life, the payment is subtracted from his or her teamâ€™s life total. (Players can always pay 0 life.)
+118.4a If a cost or effect allows a player to pay an amount of life greater than 0 in a Two-Headed Giant game, the player may do so only if their team’s life total is greater than or equal to the total amount of life both team members are paying for that cost or effect. If a player pays life, the payment is subtracted from their team’s life total. (Players can always pay 0 life.)
-118.5. If an effect sets a playerâ€™s life total to a specific number, the player gains or loses the necessary amount of life to end up with the new total.
+118.5. If an effect sets a player’s life total to a specific number, the player gains or loses the necessary amount of life to end up with the new total.
 118.6. If a player has 0 or less life, that player loses the game as a state-based action. See rule 704.
-118.7. If an effect says that a player canâ€™t gain life, that player canâ€™t make an exchange such that the playerâ€™s life total would become higher; in that case, the exchange wonâ€™t happen. Similarly, if an effect redistributes life totals, a player canâ€™t receive a new life total such that the playerâ€™s life total would become higher. In addition, a cost that involves having that player gain life canâ€™t be paid, and a replacement effect that would replace a life gain event affecting that player wonâ€™t do anything.
+118.7. If an effect says that a player can’t gain life, that player can’t make an exchange such that the player’s life total would become higher; in that case, the exchange won’t happen. Similarly, if an effect redistributes life totals, a player can’t receive a new life total such that the player’s life total would become higher. In addition, a cost that involves having that player gain life can’t be paid, and a replacement effect that would replace a life gain event affecting that player won’t do anything.
-118.8. If an effect says that a player canâ€™t lose life, that player canâ€™t make an exchange such that the playerâ€™s life total would become lower; in that case, the exchange wonâ€™t happen. Similarly, if an effect redistributes life totals, a player canâ€™t receive a new life total such that the playerâ€™s life total would become lower. In addition, a cost that involves having that player pay life canâ€™t be paid.
+118.8. If an effect says that a player can’t lose life, that player can’t make an exchange such that the player’s life total would become lower; in that case, the exchange won’t happen. Similarly, if an effect redistributes life totals, a player can’t receive a new life total such that the player’s life total would become lower. In addition, a cost that involves having that player pay life can’t be paid.
-118.9. Some triggered abilities are written, â€œWhenever [a player] gains life, . . . .â€ Such abilities are treated as though they are written, â€œWhenever a source causes [a player] to gain life, . . . .â€ If a player gains 0 life, no life gain event has occurred, and these abilities wonâ€™t trigger.
+118.9. Some triggered abilities are written, “Whenever [a player] gains life, . . . .” Such abilities are treated as though they are written, “Whenever a source causes [a player] to gain life, . . . .” If a player gains 0 life, no life gain event has occurred, and these abilities won’t trigger.
 119. Damage
 119.1. Objects can deal damage to creatures, planeswalkers, and players. This is generally detrimental to the object or player that receives that damage. An object that deals damage is the source of that damage.
-119.1a Damage canâ€™t be dealt to an object thatâ€™s neither a creature nor a planeswalker.
+119.1a Damage can’t be dealt to an object that’s neither a creature nor a planeswalker.
 119.2. Any object can deal damage.
 119.2a Damage may be dealt as a result of combat. Each attacking and blocking creature deals combat damage equal to its power during the combat damage step.
 119.2b Damage may be dealt as an effect of a spell or ability. The spell or ability will specify which object deals that damage.
-119.3. Damage may have one or more of the following results, depending on whether the recipient of the damage is a player or permanent, the characteristics of the damageâ€™s source, and the characteristics of the damageâ€™s recipient (if itâ€™s a permanent).
+119.3. Damage may have one or more of the following results, depending on whether the recipient of the damage is a player or permanent, the characteristics of the damage’s source, and the characteristics of the damage’s recipient (if it’s a permanent).
 119.3a Damage dealt to a player by a source without infect causes that player to lose that much life.
-119.3b Damage dealt to a player by a source with infect causes that sourceâ€™s controller to give the player that many poison counters.
+119.3b Damage dealt to a player by a source with infect causes that source’s controller to give the player that many poison counters.
 119.3c Damage dealt to a planeswalker causes that many loyalty counters to be removed from that planeswalker.
-119.3d Damage dealt to a creature by a source with wither and/or infect causes that sourceâ€™s controller to put that many -1/-1 counters on that creature.
+119.3d Damage dealt to a creature by a source with wither and/or infect causes that source’s controller to put that many -1/-1 counters on that creature.
 119.3e Damage dealt to a creature by a source with neither wither nor infect causes that much damage to be marked on that creature.
-119.3f Damage dealt by a source with lifelink causes that sourceâ€™s controller to gain that much life, in addition to the damageâ€™s other results.
+119.3f Damage dealt by a source with lifelink causes that source’s controller to gain that much life, in addition to the damage’s other results.
 119.4. Damage is processed in a three-part sequence.
-119.4a First, damage is dealt, as modified by replacement and prevention effects that interact with damage. (See rule 614, â€œReplacement Effects,â€ and rule 615, â€œPrevention Effects.â€) Abilities that trigger when damage is dealt trigger now and wait to be put on the stack.
+119.4a First, damage is dealt, as modified by replacement and prevention effects that interact with damage. (See rule 614, “Replacement Effects,” and rule 615, “Prevention Effects.”) Abilities that trigger when damage is dealt trigger now and wait to be put on the stack.
-119.4b Next, damage thatâ€™s been dealt is processed into its results, as modified by replacement effects that interact with those results (such as life loss or counters).
+119.4b Next, damage that’s been dealt is processed into its results, as modified by replacement effects that interact with those results (such as life loss or counters).
 119.4c Finally, the damage event occurs.
-Example: A player who controls Boon Reflection, an enchantment that says â€œIf you would gain life, you gain twice that much life instead,â€ attacks with a 3/3 creature with wither and lifelink. Itâ€™s blocked by a 2/2 creature, and the defending player casts a spell that prevents the next 2 damage that would be dealt to the blocking creature. The damage event starts out as [3 damage is dealt to the 2/2 creature, 2 damage is dealt to the 3/3 creature]. The prevention effect is applied, so the damage event becomes [1 damage is dealt to the 2/2 creature, 2 damage is dealt to the 3/3 creature]. Thatâ€™s processed into its results, so the damage event is now [one -1/-1 counter is put on the 2/2 creature, the active player gains 1 life, 2 damage is marked on the 3/3 creature]. Boon Reflectionâ€™s effect is applied, so the damage event becomes [one -1/-1 counter is put on the 2/2 creature, the active player gains 2 life, 2 damage is marked on the 3/3 creature]. Then the damage event occurs.
+Example: A player who controls Boon Reflection, an enchantment that says “If you would gain life, you gain twice that much life instead,” attacks with a 3/3 creature with wither and lifelink. It’s blocked by a 2/2 creature, and the defending player casts a spell that prevents the next 2 damage that would be dealt to the blocking creature. The damage event starts out as [3 damage is dealt to the 2/2 creature, 2 damage is dealt to the 3/3 creature]. The prevention effect is applied, so the damage event becomes [1 damage is dealt to the 2/2 creature, 2 damage is dealt to the 3/3 creature]. That’s processed into its results, so the damage event is now [one -1/-1 counter is put on the 2/2 creature, the active player gains 1 life, 2 damage is marked on the 3/3 creature]. Boon Reflection’s effect is applied, so the damage event becomes [one -1/-1 counter is put on the 2/2 creature, the active player gains 2 life, 2 damage is marked on the 3/3 creature]. Then the damage event occurs.
-Example: The defending player controls a creature and Worship, an enchantment that says â€œIf you control a creature, damage that would reduce your life total to less than 1 reduces it to 1 instead.â€ That player is at 2 life, and is being attacked by two unblocked 5/5 creatures. The player casts Awe Strike, which says â€œThe next time target creature would deal damage this turn, prevent that damage. You gain life equal to the damage prevented this way,â€ targeting one of the attackers. The damage event starts out as [10 damage is dealt to the defending player]. Awe Strikeâ€™s effect is applied, so the damage event becomes [5 damage is dealt to the defending player, the defending player gains 5 life]. Thatâ€™s processed into its results, so the damage event is now [the defending player loses 5 life, the defending player gains 5 life]. Worshipâ€™s effect sees that the damage event would not reduce the playerâ€™s life total to less than 1, so Worshipâ€™s effect is not applied. Then the damage event occurs.
+Example: The defending player controls a creature and Worship, an enchantment that says “If you control a creature, damage that would reduce your life total to less than 1 reduces it to 1 instead.” That player is at 2 life, and is being attacked by two unblocked 5/5 creatures. The player casts Awe Strike, which says “The next time target creature would deal damage this turn, prevent that damage. You gain life equal to the damage prevented this way,” targeting one of the attackers. The damage event starts out as [10 damage is dealt to the defending player]. Awe Strike’s effect is applied, so the damage event becomes [5 damage is dealt to the defending player, the defending player gains 5 life]. That’s processed into its results, so the damage event is now [the defending player loses 5 life, the defending player gains 5 life]. Worship’s effect sees that the damage event would not reduce the player’s life total to less than 1, so Worship’s effect is not applied. Then the damage event occurs.
-119.5. Damage dealt to a creature or planeswalker doesnâ€™t destroy it. Likewise, the source of that damage doesnâ€™t destroy it. Rather, state-based actions may destroy a creature or planeswalker, or otherwise put it into its ownerâ€™s graveyard, due to the results of the damage dealt to that permanent. See rule 704.
+119.5. Damage dealt to a creature or planeswalker doesn’t destroy it. Likewise, the source of that damage doesn’t destroy it. Rather, state-based actions may destroy a creature or planeswalker, or otherwise put it into its owner’s graveyard, due to the results of the damage dealt to that permanent. See rule 704.
-Example: A player casts Lightning Bolt, an instant that says â€œLightning Bolt deals 3 damage to target creature or player,â€ targeting a 2/2 creature. After Lightning Bolt deals 3 damage to that creature, the creature is destroyed as a state-based action. Neither Lightning Bolt nor the damage dealt by Lightning Bolt destroyed that creature.
+Example: A player casts Lightning Bolt, an instant that says “Lightning Bolt deals 3 damage to any target,” targeting a 2/2 creature. After Lightning Bolt deals 3 damage to that creature, the creature is destroyed as a state-based action. Neither Lightning Bolt nor the damage dealt by Lightning Bolt destroyed that creature.
-119.6. Damage marked on a creature remains until the cleanup step, even if that permanent stops being a creature. If the total damage marked on a creature is greater than or equal to its toughness, that creature has been dealt lethal damage and is destroyed as a state-based action (see rule 704). All damage marked on a permanent is removed when it regenerates (see rule 701.13, â€œRegenerateâ€) and during the cleanup step (see rule 514.2).
+119.6. Damage marked on a creature remains until the cleanup step, even if that permanent stops being a creature. If the total damage marked on a creature is greater than or equal to its toughness, that creature has been dealt lethal damage and is destroyed as a state-based action (see rule 704). All damage marked on a permanent is removed when it regenerates (see rule 701.14, “Regenerate”) and during the cleanup step (see rule 514.2).
-119.7. The source of damage is the object that dealt it. If an effect requires a player to choose a source of damage, he or she may choose a permanent; a spell on the stack (including a permanent spell); any object referred to by an object on the stack, by a prevention or replacement effect thatâ€™s waiting to apply, or by a delayed triggered ability thatâ€™s waiting to trigger (even if that object is no longer in the zone it used to be in); or a face-up object in the command zone. A source doesnâ€™t need to be capable of dealing damage to be a legal choice. See rule 609.7, â€œSources of Damage.â€
+119.7. The source of damage is the object that dealt it. If an effect requires a player to choose a source of damage, they may choose a permanent; a spell on the stack (including a permanent spell); any object referred to by an object on the stack, by a prevention or replacement effect that’s waiting to apply, or by a delayed triggered ability that’s waiting to trigger (even if that object is no longer in the zone it used to be in); or a face-up object in the command zone. A source doesn’t need to be capable of dealing damage to be a legal choice. See rule 609.7, “Sources of Damage.”
-119.8. If a source would deal 0 damage, it does not deal damage at all. That means abilities that trigger on damage being dealt wonâ€™t trigger. It also means that replacement effects that would increase the damage dealt by that source, or would have that source deal that damage to a different object or player, have no event to replace, so they have no effect.
+119.8. If a source would deal 0 damage, it does not deal damage at all. That means abilities that trigger on damage being dealt won’t trigger. It also means that replacement effects that would increase the damage dealt by that source, or would have that source deal that damage to a different object or player, have no event to replace, so they have no effect.
 120. Drawing a Card
-120.1. A player draws a card by putting the top card of his or her library into his or her hand. This is done as a turn-based action during each playerâ€™s draw step. It may also be done as part of a cost or effect of a spell or ability.
+120.1. A player draws a card by putting the top card of their library into their hand. This is done as a turn-based action during each player’s draw step. It may also be done as part of a cost or effect of a spell or ability.
 120.2. Cards may only be drawn one at a time. If a player is instructed to draw multiple cards, that player performs that many individual card draws.
 120.2a An instruction to draw multiple cards can be modified by replacement effects that refer to the number of cards drawn. This modification occurs before considering any of the individual card draws. See rule 616.1f.
-120.2b Some effects say that a player canâ€™t draw more than one card each turn. Such an effect applies to individual card draws. Instructions to draw multiple cards may still be partially carried out. However, if an effect offers the player a choice to draw multiple cards, the affected player canâ€™t choose to do so. Similarly, the player canâ€™t pay a cost that includes drawing multiple cards.
+120.2b Some effects say that a player can’t draw more than one card each turn. Such an effect applies to individual card draws. Instructions to draw multiple cards may still be partially carried out. However, if an effect offers the player a choice to draw multiple cards, the affected player can’t choose to do so. Similarly, the player can’t pay a cost that includes drawing multiple cards.
-120.2c If an effect instructs more than one player to draw cards, the active player performs all of his or her draws first, then each other player in turn order does the same.
+120.2c If an effect instructs more than one player to draw cards, the active player performs all of their draws first, then each other player in turn order does the same.
-120.2d If an effect instructs more than one player to draw cards in a game thatâ€™s using the shared team turns option (such as a Two-Headed Giant game), first each player on the active team, in whatever order that team likes, performs his or her draws, then each player on each nonactive team in turn order does the same.
+120.2d If an effect instructs more than one player to draw cards in a game that’s using the shared team turns option (such as a Two-Headed Giant game), first each player on the active team, in whatever order that team likes, performs their draws, then each player on each nonactive team in turn order does the same.
-120.3. If there are no cards in a playerâ€™s library and an effect offers that player the choice to draw a card, that player can choose to do so. However, if an effect says that a player canâ€™t draw cards and another effect offers that player the choice to draw a card, that player canâ€™t choose to do so.
+120.3. If there are no cards in a player’s library and an effect offers that player the choice to draw a card, that player can choose to do so. However, if an effect says that a player can’t draw cards and another effect offers that player the choice to draw a card, that player can’t choose to do so.
-120.3a The same principles apply if the player whoâ€™s making the choice is not the player who would draw the card. If the latter player has no cards in his or her library, the choice can be taken. If an effect says that the latter player canâ€™t draw a card, the choice canâ€™t be taken.
+120.3a The same principles apply if the player who’s making the choice is not the player who would draw the card. If the latter player has no cards in their library, the choice can be taken. If an effect says that the latter player can’t draw a card, the choice can’t be taken.
 120.4. A player who attempts to draw a card from a library with no cards in it loses the game the next time a player would receive priority. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
-120.5. If an effect moves cards from a playerâ€™s library to that playerâ€™s hand without using the word â€œdraw,â€ the player has not drawn those cards. This makes a difference for abilities that trigger on drawing cards and effects that replace card draws, as well as if the playerâ€™s library is empty.
+120.5. If an effect moves cards from a player’s library to that player’s hand without using the word “draw,” the player has not drawn those cards. This makes a difference for abilities that trigger on drawing cards and effects that replace card draws, as well as if the player’s library is empty.
 120.6. Some effects replace card draws.
-120.6a An effect that replaces a card draw is applied even if no cards could be drawn because there are no cards in the affected playerâ€™s library.
+120.6a An effect that replaces a card draw is applied even if no cards could be drawn because there are no cards in the affected player’s library.
 120.6b If an effect replaces a draw within a sequence of card draws, the replacement effect is completed before resuming the sequence.
-120.6c Some effects perform additional actions on a card after itâ€™s drawn. If the draw is replaced, the additional action is not performed on any cards that are drawn as a result of that replacement effect or any subsequent replacement effects.
+120.6c Some effects perform additional actions on a card after it’s drawn. If the draw is replaced, the additional action is not performed on any cards that are drawn as a result of that replacement effect or any subsequent replacement effects.
-120.7. Some replacement effects and prevention effects result in one or more card draws. In such a case, if there are any parts of the original event that havenâ€™t been replaced, those parts occur first, then the card draws happen one at a time.
+120.7. Some replacement effects and prevention effects result in one or more card draws. In such a case, if there are any parts of the original event that haven’t been replaced, those parts occur first, then the card draws happen one at a time.
-120.8. If a spell or ability causes a card to be drawn while another spell is being cast, the drawn card is kept face down until that spell becomes cast (see rule 601.2i). While face down, itâ€™s considered to have no characteristics. The same is true with relation to another ability being activated. If an effect allows or instructs a player to reveal the card as itâ€™s being drawn, itâ€™s revealed after the spell becomes cast or the ability becomes activated.
+120.8. If a spell or ability causes a card to be drawn while another spell is being cast, the drawn card is kept face down until that spell becomes cast (see rule 601.2i). While face down, it’s considered to have no characteristics. The same is true with relation to another ability being activated. If an effect allows or instructs a player to reveal the card as it’s being drawn, it’s revealed after the spell becomes cast or the ability becomes activated.
 121. Counters
 121.1. A counter is a marker placed on an object or player that modifies its characteristics and/or interacts with a rule, ability, or effect. Counters are not objects and have no characteristics. Notably, a counter is not a token, and a token is not a counter. Counters with the same name or description are interchangeable.
-121.1a A +X/+Y counter on a creature or on a creature card in a zone other than the battlefield, where X and Y are numbers, adds X to that objectâ€™s power and Y to that objectâ€™s toughness. Similarly, -X/-Y counters subtract from power and toughness. See rule 613.3.
+121.1a A +X/+Y counter on a creature or on a creature card in a zone other than the battlefield, where X and Y are numbers, adds X to that object’s power and Y to that object’s toughness. Similarly, -X/-Y counters subtract from power and toughness. See rule 613.3.
-121.1b The number of loyalty counters on a planeswalker on the battlefield indicates how much loyalty it has. A planeswalker with 0 loyalty is put into its ownerâ€™s graveyard as a state-based action. See rule 704.
+121.1b The number of loyalty counters on a planeswalker on the battlefield indicates how much loyalty it has. A planeswalker with 0 loyalty is put into its owner’s graveyard as a state-based action. See rule 704.
-121.1c If a player has ten or more poison counters, he or she loses the game as a state-based action. See rule 704. A player is â€œpoisonedâ€ if he or she has one or more poison counters. (See rule 810 for additional rules for Two-Headed Giant games.)
+121.1c If a player has ten or more poison counters, that player loses the game as a state-based action. See rule 704. A player is “poisoned” if they have one or more poison counters. (See rule 810 for additional rules for Two-Headed Giant games.)
-121.2. Counters on an object are not retained if that object moves from one zone to another. The counters are not â€œremovedâ€; they simply cease to exist. See rule 400.7.
+121.2. Counters on an object are not retained if that object moves from one zone to another. The counters are not “removed”; they simply cease to exist. See rule 400.7.
 121.3. If a permanent has both a +1/+1 counter and a -1/-1 counter on it, N +1/+1 and N -1/-1 counters are removed from it as a state-based action, where N is the smaller of the number of +1/+1 and -1/-1 counters on it. See rule 704.
-121.4. If a permanent with an ability that says it canâ€™t have more than N counters of a certain kind on it has more than N counters of that kind on it, all but N of those counters are removed from it as a state-based action. See rule 704.
+121.4. If a permanent with an ability that says it can’t have more than N counters of a certain kind on it has more than N counters of that kind on it, all but N of those counters are removed from it as a state-based action. See rule 704.
-121.5. If an effect says to â€œmoveâ€ a counter, it means to take that counter from the object itâ€™s currently on and put it onto a second object. If the first and second objects are the same object, nothing happens. If the first object has no counters, nothing happens; the second object doesnâ€™t get a counter put on it. If the second object (or any possible second objects) is no longer in the correct zone when the effect would move the counter, nothing happens; a counter isnâ€™t removed from the first object.
+121.5. If an effect says to “move” a counter, it means to take that counter from the object it’s currently on and put it onto a second object. If the first and second objects are the same object, nothing happens. If the first object has no counters, nothing happens; the second object doesn’t get a counter put on it. If the second object (or any possible second objects) is no longer in the correct zone when the effect would move the counter, nothing happens; a counter isn’t removed from the first object.
-121.6. Some spells and abilities refer to counters being put on an object. This refers to putting counters on that object while itâ€™s on the battlefield and also to an object thatâ€™s given counters as it enters the battlefield.
+121.6. Some spells and abilities refer to counters being put on an object. This refers to putting counters on that object while it’s on the battlefield and also to an object that’s given counters as it enters the battlefield.
-121.6a If an object enters the battlefield with counters on it, the effect causing the object to be given counters may specify which player puts those counters on it. If the effect doesnâ€™t specify a player, the objectâ€™s controller puts those counters on it.
+121.6a If an object enters the battlefield with counters on it, the effect causing the object to be given counters may specify which player puts those counters on it. If the effect doesn’t specify a player, the object’s controller puts those counters on it.
 2. Parts of a Card
 200. General
 200.1. The parts of a card are name, mana cost, illustration, color indicator, type line, expansion symbol, text box, power and toughness, loyalty, hand modifier, life modifier, illustration credit, legal text, and collector number. Some cards may have more than one of any or all of these parts.
 200.2. Some parts of a card are also characteristics of the object that has them. See rule 109.3.
-200.3. Some objects that arenâ€™t cards (tokens, copies of cards, and copies of spells) have some of the parts of a card, but only the ones that are also characteristics. See rule 110.5 and rule 706.
+200.3. Some objects that aren’t cards (tokens, copies of cards, and copies of spells) have some of the parts of a card, but only the ones that are also characteristics. See rule 110.5 and rule 706.
 201. Name
 201.1. The name of a card is printed on its upper left corner.
-201.2. A cardâ€™s name is always considered to be the English version of its name, regardless of printed language.
+201.2. A card’s name is always considered to be the English version of its name, regardless of printed language.
 201.2a Two objects have the same name if their names are identical.
 201.2b If an object has more than one name, it has the same name as another object if there are one or more names that both objects have in common.
 201.2c Two or more objects have different names if there are no names that both objects have in common.
-201.3. If an effect instructs a player to choose a card name, the player must choose the name of a card that is legal in the format of the game the player is playing. (See rule 100.6.) A player may not choose the name of a token unless itâ€™s also the name of a card.
+201.3. If an effect instructs a player to choose a card name, the player must choose the name of a card in the Oracle card reference. (See rule 108.1.) A player may not choose the name of a token unless it’s also the name of a card.
 201.3a If a player is instructed to choose a card name with certain characteristics, the player must choose the name of a card whose Oracle text matches those characteristics. (See rule 108.1.)
-Example: Dispossess reads, in part, â€œChoose an artifact card name.â€ The player can choose the name of any artifact card thatâ€™s legal in the format of the current game. The player canâ€™t choose Island, even if an Island on the battlefield has been turned into artifact by some effect.
+Example: Dispossess reads, in part, “Choose an artifact card name.” The player can choose the name of any artifact card, even one that’s not legal in the format of the current game. The player can’t choose Island, even if an Island on the battlefield has been turned into artifact by some effect.
-201.3b If a player wants to choose the name of a split card, the player must choose the name of one of its halves, but not both. (See rule 708.) If a player is instructed to choose a card name with certain characteristics, use the only that halfâ€™s characteristics to determine if this name can be chosen.
+201.3b If a player wants to choose the name of a split card, the player must choose the name of one of its halves, but not both. (See rule 708.) If a player is instructed to choose a card name with certain characteristics, use only that half’s characteristics to determine if this name can be chosen.
-201.3c If a player wants to choose a flip cardâ€™s alternative name, the player may do so. (See rule 709.) If a player is instructed to choose a card name with certain characteristics, use the cardâ€™s characteristics as modified by its alternative characteristics to determine if this name can be chosen.
+201.3c If a player wants to choose a flip card’s alternative name, the player may do so. (See rule 709.) If a player is instructed to choose a card name with certain characteristics, use the card’s characteristics as modified by its alternative characteristics to determine if this name can be chosen.
 201.3d If a player wants to choose the name of the back face of a double-faced card, the player may do so. (See rule 711.) If a player is instructed to choose a card name with certain characteristics, use only the characteristics of the back face to determine if this name can be chosen.
 201.3e If a player wants to choose the name of the combined back face of a meld pair, the player may do so. (See rule 712.) If a player is instructed to choose a card name with certain characteristics, use only the characteristics of the combined back face to determine if this name can be chosen.
-201.4. Text that refers to the object itâ€™s on by name means just that particular object and not any other objects with that name, regardless of any name changes caused by game effects.
+201.4. Text that refers to the object it’s on by name means just that particular object and not any other objects with that name, regardless of any name changes caused by game effects.
-201.4a If an abilityâ€™s effect grants another ability to an object, and that second ability refers to that first abilityâ€™s source by name, the name refers only to the specific object that is that first abilityâ€™s source, not to any other object with the same name. This is also true if the second ability is copied onto a new object.
+201.4a If an ability’s effect grants another ability to an object, and that second ability refers to that first ability’s source by name, the name refers only to the specific object that is that first ability’s source, not to any other object with the same name. This is also true if the second ability is copied onto a new object.
-Example: Gutter Grime has an ability that reads â€œWhenever a nontoken creature you control dies, put a slime counter on Gutter Grime, then create a green Ooze creature token with â€˜This creatureâ€™s power and toughness are each equal to the number of slime counters on Gutter Grime.â€™â€ The ability granted to the token only looks at the Gutter Grime that created the token, not at any other Gutter Grime on the battlefield. A copy of that token would also have an ability that referred only to the Gutter Grime that created the original token.
+Example: Gutter Grime has an ability that reads “Whenever a nontoken creature you control dies, put a slime counter on Gutter Grime, then create a green Ooze creature token with ‘This creature’s power and toughness are each equal to the number of slime counters on Gutter Grime.’” The ability granted to the token only looks at the Gutter Grime that created the token, not at any other Gutter Grime on the battlefield. A copy of that token would also have an ability that referred only to the Gutter Grime that created the original token.
 201.4b If an ability of an object refers to that object by name, and an object with a different name gains that ability, each instance of the first name in the gained ability that refers to the first object by name should be treated as the second name.
-Example: Quicksilver Elemental says, in part, â€œ{U}: Quicksilver Elemental gains all activated abilities of target creature until end of turn.â€ If it gains an ability that says â€œ{G}: Regenerate Cudgel Troll,â€ activating that ability will regenerate Quicksilver Elemental, not the Cudgel Troll it gained the ability from.
+Example: Quicksilver Elemental says, in part, “{U}: Quicksilver Elemental gains all activated abilities of target creature until end of turn.” If it gains an ability that says “{G}: Regenerate Cudgel Troll,” activating that ability will regenerate Quicksilver Elemental, not the Cudgel Troll it gained the ability from.
-Example: Glacial Ray is an instant with â€œsplice onto Arcaneâ€ that says â€œGlacial Ray deals 2 damage to target creature or player.â€ If itâ€™s spliced onto a Kodamaâ€™s Reach, that Kodamaâ€™s Reach deals 2 damage to the target creature or player.
+Example: Glacial Ray is an instant with splice onto Arcane that says “Glacial Ray deals 2 damage to any target.” If it’s spliced onto a Kodama’s Reach, that Kodama’s Reach deals 2 damage to the target.
-Example: Dimir Doppelganger says â€œ{1}{U}{B}: Exile target creature card from a graveyard. Dimir Doppelganger becomes a copy of that card and gains this ability.â€ Dimir Doppelgangerâ€™s ability is activated targeting a Runeclaw Bear card. The Doppelganger becomes a copy of Runeclaw Bear and gains an ability that should be treated as saying â€œ{1}{U}{B}: Exile target creature card from a graveyard. Runeclaw Bear becomes a copy of that card and gains this ability.â€
+Example: Dimir Doppelganger says “{1}{U}{B}: Exile target creature card from a graveyard. Dimir Doppelganger becomes a copy of that card and gains this ability.” Dimir Doppelganger’s ability is activated targeting a Runeclaw Bear card. The Doppelganger becomes a copy of Runeclaw Bear and gains an ability that should be treated as saying “{1}{U}{B}: Exile target creature card from a graveyard. Runeclaw Bear becomes a copy of that card and gains this ability.”
-201.4c Text printed on some legendary cards refers to that card by a shortened version of its name. Instances of a cardâ€™s shortened name used in this manner are treated as though they used the cardâ€™s full name.
+201.4c Text printed on some legendary cards refers to that card by a shortened version of its name. Instances of a card’s shortened name used in this manner are treated as though they used the card’s full name.
-201.5. If an ability of an object uses a phrase such as â€œthis [something]â€ to identify an object, where [something] is a characteristic, it is referring to that particular object, even if it isnâ€™t the appropriate characteristic at the time.
-Example: An ability reads â€œTarget creature gets +2/+2 until end of turn. Destroy that creature at the beginning of the next end step.â€ The ability will destroy the object it gave +2/+2 to even if that object isnâ€™t a creature at the beginning of the next end step.
 202. Mana Cost and Color
-202.1. A cardâ€™s mana cost is indicated by mana symbols near the top of the card. (See rule 107.4.) On most cards, these symbols are printed in the upper right corner. Some cards from the Future Sight set have alternate frames in which the mana symbols appear to the left of the illustration.
+202.1. A card’s mana cost is indicated by mana symbols near the top of the card. (See rule 107.4.) On most cards, these symbols are printed in the upper right corner. Some cards from the Future Sight set have alternate frames in which the mana symbols appear to the left of the illustration.
-202.1a The mana cost of an object represents what a player must spend from his or her mana pool to cast that card. Unless an objectâ€™s mana cost includes Phyrexian mana symbols (see rule 107.4f), paying that mana cost requires matching the type of any colored or colorless mana symbols as well as paying the generic mana indicated in the cost.
+202.1a The mana cost of an object represents what a player must spend from their mana pool to cast that card. Unless an object’s mana cost includes Phyrexian mana symbols (see rule 107.4f), paying that mana cost requires matching the type of any colored or colorless mana symbols as well as paying the generic mana indicated in the cost.
-202.1b Some objects have no mana cost. This normally includes all land cards, any other cards that have no mana symbols where their mana cost would appear, tokens (unless the effect that creates them specifies otherwise), and nontraditional Magic cards. Having no mana cost represents an unpayable cost (see rule 117.6). Note that lands are played without paying any costs (see rule 305, â€œLandsâ€).
+202.1b Some objects have no mana cost. This normally includes all land cards, any other cards that have no mana symbols where their mana cost would appear, tokens (unless the effect that creates them specifies otherwise), and nontraditional Magic cards. Having no mana cost represents an unpayable cost (see rule 117.6). Note that lands are played without paying any costs (see rule 305, “Lands”).
 202.2. An object is the color or colors of the mana symbols in its mana cost, regardless of the color of its frame.
 202.2a The five colors are white, blue, black, red, and green. The white mana symbol is represented by {W}, blue by {U}, black by {B}, red by {R}, and green by {G}.
 Example: An object with a mana cost of {2}{W} is white, an object with a mana cost of {2} is colorless, and one with a mana cost of {2}{W}{B} is both white and black.
 202.2d An object with one or more hybrid mana symbols and/or Phyrexian mana symbols in its mana cost is all of the colors of those mana symbols, in addition to any other colors the object might be. (Most cards with hybrid mana symbols in their mana costs are printed in a two-tone frame. See rule 107.4e.)
 202.2e An object may have a color indicator printed to the left of the type line. That object is each color denoted by that color indicator. (See rule 204.)
-202.2f Effects may change an objectâ€™s color, give a color to a colorless object, or make a colored object become colorless; see rule 105.3.
+202.2f Effects may change an object’s color, give a color to a colorless object, or make a colored object become colorless; see rule 105.3.
 202.3. The converted mana cost of an object is a number equal to the total amount of mana in its mana cost, regardless of color.
 Example: A mana cost of {3}{U}{U} translates to a converted mana cost of 5.
 202.3a The converted mana cost of an object with no mana cost is 0, unless that object is the back face of a double-faced permanent or is a melded permanent.
-202.3b The converted mana cost of a double-faced permanentâ€™s back face is calculated as though it had the mana cost of its front face. If a permanent is a copy of the back face of a double-faced card (even if the card representing that copy is itself a double-faced card), the converted mana cost of that permanent is 0.
+202.3b The converted mana cost of a double-faced permanent’s back face is calculated as though it had the mana cost of its front face. If a permanent is a copy of the back face of a double-faced card (even if the card representing that copy is itself a double-faced card), the converted mana cost of that permanent is 0.
 Example: Huntmaster of the Fells is a double-faced card with mana cost {2}{R}{G}. Its converted mana cost is 4. After it transforms to its other face (Ravager of the Fells), its converted mana cost remains 4.
 Example: A Clone enters the battlefield as a copy of Ravager of the Fells. Its converted mana cost is 0.
 Example: Insectile Aberration is the back face of a double-faced card whose front face has mana cost {U}. It becomes a copy of Ravager of the Fells. Its converted mana cost becomes 0.
 202.3c The converted mana cost of a melded permanent is calculated as though it had the combined mana cost of the front faces of each card that represents it. If a permanent is a copy of a melded permanent (even if that copy is represented by two other meld cards), the converted mana cost of the copy is 0.
-202.3d When calculating the converted mana cost of an object with an {X} in its mana cost, X is treated as 0 while the object is not on the stack, and X is treated as the number chosen for it while the object is on the stack.
+202.3d The converted mana cost of a split card not on the stack or of a fused split spell on the stack is determined from the combined mana costs of its halves. Otherwise, while a split card is on the stack, the converted mana cost of the spell is determined by the mana cost of the half that was chosen to be cast. See rule 708, “Split Cards.”
-202.3e When calculating the converted mana cost of an object with a hybrid mana symbol in its mana cost, use the largest component of each hybrid symbol.
+202.3e When calculating the converted mana cost of an object with an {X} in its mana cost, X is treated as 0 while the object is not on the stack, and X is treated as the number chosen for it while the object is on the stack.
+202.3f When calculating the converted mana cost of an object with a hybrid mana symbol in its mana cost, use the largest component of each hybrid symbol.
 Example: The converted mana cost of a card with mana cost {1}{W/U}{W/U} is 3.
 Example: The converted mana cost of a card with mana cost {2/B}{2/B}{2/B} is 6.
-202.3f Each Phyrexian mana symbol in a cardâ€™s mana cost contributes 1 to its converted mana cost.
+202.3g Each Phyrexian mana symbol in a card’s mana cost contributes 1 to its converted mana cost.
 Example: The converted mana cost of a card with mana cost {1}{W/P}{W/P} is 3.
-202.4. Any additional cost listed in an objectâ€™s rules text or imposed by an effect isnâ€™t part of the mana cost. (See rule 601, â€œCasting Spells.â€) Such costs are paid at the same time as the spellâ€™s other costs.
+202.4. Any additional cost listed in an object’s rules text or imposed by an effect isn’t part of the mana cost. (See rule 601, “Casting Spells.”) Such costs are paid at the same time as the spell’s other costs.
 203. Illustration
-203.1. The illustration is printed on the upper half of a card and has no effect on game play. For example, a creature doesnâ€™t have the flying ability unless stated in its rules text, even if itâ€™s depicted as flying.
+203.1. The illustration is printed on the upper half of a card and has no effect on game play. For example, a creature doesn’t have the flying ability unless stated in its rules text, even if it’s depicted as flying.
 204. Color Indicator
 204.1. The color indicator is printed to the left of the type line directly below the illustration. It consists of a circular symbol filled in with one or more colors. A color indicator is usually found on nonland cards without a mana cost.
 204.2. An object with a color indicator is each color denoted by that color indicator.
 205. Type Line
-205.1. The type line is printed directly below the illustration. It contains the cardâ€™s card type(s). It also contains the cardâ€™s subtype(s) and supertype(s), if applicable.
+205.1. The type line is printed directly below the illustration. It contains the card’s card type(s). It also contains the card’s subtype(s) and supertype(s), if applicable.
-205.1a Some effects set an objectâ€™s card type. In such cases, the new card type(s) replaces any existing card types. Counters, effects, and damage marked on the object remain with it, even if they are meaningless to the new card type. Similarly, when an effect sets one or more of an objectâ€™s subtypes, the new subtype(s) replaces any existing subtypes from the appropriate set (creature types, land types, artifact types, enchantment types, planeswalker types, or spell types). If an objectâ€™s card type is removed, the subtypes correlated with that card type will remain if they are also the subtypes of a card type the object currently has; otherwise, they are also removed for the entire time the objectâ€™s card type is removed. Removing an objectâ€™s subtype doesnâ€™t affect its card types at all.
+205.1a Some effects set an object’s card type. In such cases, the new card type(s) replaces any existing card types. Counters, effects, and damage marked on the object remain with it, even if they are meaningless to the new card type. Similarly, when an effect sets one or more of an object’s subtypes, the new subtype(s) replaces any existing subtypes from the appropriate set (creature types, land types, artifact types, enchantment types, planeswalker types, or spell types). If an object’s card type is removed, the subtypes correlated with that card type will remain if they are also the subtypes of a card type the object currently has; otherwise, they are also removed for the entire time the object’s card type is removed. Removing an object’s subtype doesn’t affect its card types at all.
-205.1b Some effects change an objectâ€™s card type, supertype, or subtype but specify that the object retains a prior card type, supertype, or subtype. In such cases, all the objectâ€™s prior card types, supertypes, and subtypes are retained. This rule applies to effects that use the phrase â€œin addition to its typesâ€ or that state that something is â€œstill a [type, supertype, or subtype].â€ Some effects state that an object becomes an â€œartifact creatureâ€; these effects also allow the object to retain all of its prior card types and subtypes.
+205.1b Some effects change an object’s card type, supertype, or subtype but specify that the object retains a prior card type, supertype, or subtype. In such cases, all the object’s prior card types, supertypes, and subtypes are retained. This rule applies to effects that use the phrase “in addition to its types” or that state that something is “still a [type, supertype, or subtype].” Some effects state that an object becomes an “artifact creature”; these effects also allow the object to retain all of its prior card types and subtypes.
-Example: An ability reads, â€œAll lands are 1/1 creatures that are still lands.â€ The affected lands now have two card types: creature and land. If there were any lands that were also artifacts before the abilityâ€™s effect applied to them, those lands would become â€œartifact land creatures,â€ not just â€œcreatures,â€ or â€œland creatures.â€ The effect allows them to retain both the card type â€œartifactâ€ and the card type â€œland.â€ In addition, each land affected by the ability retains any land types and supertypes it had before the ability took effect.
+Example: An ability reads, “All lands are 1/1 creatures that are still lands.” The affected lands now have two card types: creature and land. If there were any lands that were also artifacts before the ability’s effect applied to them, those lands would become “artifact land creatures,” not just “creatures,” or “land creatures.” The effect allows them to retain both the artifact and land card types. In addition, each land affected by the ability retains any land types and supertypes it had before the ability took effect.
-Example: An ability reads, â€œAll artifacts are 1/1 artifact creatures.â€ If a permanent is both an artifact and an enchantment, it will become an â€œartifact enchantment creature.â€
+Example: An ability reads, “All artifacts are 1/1 artifact creatures.” If a permanent is both an artifact and an enchantment, it will become an artifact enchantment creature.
 205.2. Card Types
-205.2a The card types are artifact, conspiracy, creature, enchantment, instant, land, phenomenon, plane, planeswalker, scheme, sorcery, tribal, and vanguard. See section 3, â€œCard Types.â€
+205.2a The card types are artifact, conspiracy, creature, enchantment, instant, land, phenomenon, plane, planeswalker, scheme, sorcery, tribal, and vanguard. See section 3, “Card Types.”
 205.2b Some objects have more than one card type (for example, an artifact creature). Such objects satisfy the criteria for any effect that applies to any of their card types.
-205.2c Tokens have card types even though they arenâ€™t cards. The same is true of copies of spells and copies of cards.
+205.2c Tokens have card types even though they aren’t cards. The same is true of copies of spells and copies of cards.
 205.3. Subtypes
 205.3a A card can have one or more subtypes printed on its type line.
 205.3b Subtypes of each card type except plane are always single words and are listed after a long dash. Each word after the dash is a separate subtype; such objects may have multiple types. Subtypes of planes are also listed after a long dash, but may be multiple words; all words after the dash are, collectively, a single subtype.
-Example: â€œBasic Land â€” Mountainâ€ means the card is a land with the subtype Mountain. â€œCreature â€” Goblin Wizardâ€ means the card is a creature with the subtypes Goblin and Wizard. â€œArtifact â€” Equipmentâ€ means the card is an artifact with the subtype Equipment.
+Example: “Basic Land — Mountain” means the card is a land with the subtype Mountain. “Creature — Goblin Wizard” means the card is a creature with the subtypes Goblin and Wizard. “Artifact — Equipment” means the card is an artifact with the subtype Equipment.
 205.3c If a card with multiple card types has one or more subtypes, each subtype is correlated to its appropriate card type.
-Example: Dryad Arborâ€™s type line says â€œLand Creature â€” Forest Dryad.â€ Forest is a land type, and Dryad is a creature type.
+Example: Dryad Arbor’s type line says “Land Creature — Forest Dryad.” Forest is a land type, and Dryad is a creature type.
-205.3d An object canâ€™t gain a subtype that doesnâ€™t correspond to one of that objectâ€™s types.
+205.3d An object can’t gain a subtype that doesn’t correspond to one of that object’s types.
-205.3e If an effect instructs a player to choose a subtype, that player must choose one, and only one, existing subtype, and the subtype he or she chooses must be for the appropriate card type. For example, the player canâ€™t choose a land type if an instruction requires choosing a creature type.
+205.3e If an effect instructs a player to choose a subtype, that player must choose one, and only one, existing subtype, and the subtype must be for the appropriate card type. For example, the player can’t choose a land type if an instruction requires choosing a creature type.
-Example: When choosing a creature type, â€œMerfolkâ€ or â€œWizardâ€ is acceptable, but â€œMerfolk Wizardâ€ is not. Words like â€œartifact,â€ â€œopponent,â€ â€œSwamp,â€ or â€œtruckâ€ canâ€™t be chosen because they arenâ€™t creature types.
+Example: When choosing a creature type, “Merfolk” or “Wizard” is acceptable, but “Merfolk Wizard” is not. Words like “artifact,” “opponent,” “Swamp,” or “truck” can’t be chosen because they aren’t creature types.
-205.3f Many cards were printed with subtypes that are now obsolete. Many cards have retroactively received subtypes. Use the Oracle card reference to determine what a cardâ€™s subtypes are. (See rule 108.1.)
+205.3f Many cards were printed with subtypes that are now obsolete. Many cards have retroactively received subtypes. Use the Oracle card reference to determine what a card’s subtypes are. (See rule 108.1.)
 205.3g Artifacts have their own unique set of subtypes; these subtypes are called artifact types. The artifact types are Clue, Contraption, Equipment (see rule 301.5), Fortification (see rule 301.6), Treasure, and Vehicle (see rule 301.7).
-205.3h Enchantments have their own unique set of subtypes; these subtypes are called enchantment types. The enchantment types are Aura (see rule 303.4), Cartouche, Curse, and Shrine.
+205.3h Enchantments have their own unique set of subtypes; these subtypes are called enchantment types. The enchantment types are Aura (see rule 303.4), Cartouche, Curse, Saga (see rule 714), and Shrine.
-205.3i Lands have their own unique set of subtypes; these subtypes are called land types. The land types are Desert, Forest, Gate, Island, Lair, Locus, Mine, Mountain, Plains, Power-Plant, Swamp, Tower, and Urzaâ€™s.
+205.3i Lands have their own unique set of subtypes; these subtypes are called land types. The land types are Desert, Forest, Gate, Island, Lair, Locus, Mine, Mountain, Plains, Power-Plant, Swamp, Tower, and Urza’s.
 Of that list, Forest, Island, Mountain, Plains, and Swamp are the basic land types. See rule 305.6.
-205.3j Planeswalkers have their own unique set of subtypes; these subtypes are called planeswalker types. The planeswalker types are Ajani, Arlinn, Ashiok, Bolas, Chandra, Dack, Daretti, Domri, Dovin, Elspeth, Freyalise, Garruk, Gideon, Huatli, Jace, Karn, Kaya, Kiora, Koth, Liliana, Nahiri, Narset, Nissa, Nixilis, Ral, Saheeli, Samut, Sarkhan, Sorin, Tamiyo, Teferi, Tezzeret, Tibalt, Ugin, Venser, Vraska, and Xenagos.
+205.3j Planeswalkers have their own unique set of subtypes; these subtypes are called planeswalker types. The planeswalker types are Ajani, Aminatou, Angrath, Arlinn, Ashiok, Bolas, Chandra, Dack, Daretti, Domri, Dovin, Elspeth, Estrid, Freyalise, Garruk, Gideon, Huatli, Jace, Jaya, Karn, Kaya, Kiora, Koth, Liliana, Nahiri, Narset, Nissa, Nixilis, Ral, Rowan, Saheeli, Samut, Sarkhan, Sorin, Tamiyo, Teferi, Tezzeret, Tibalt, Ugin, Venser, Vivien, Vraska, Will, Windgrace, Xenagos, Yanggu, and Yanling.
 205.3k Instants and sorceries share their lists of subtypes; these subtypes are called spell types. The spell types are Arcane and Trap.
-205.3m Creatures and tribals share their lists of subtypes; these subtypes are called creature types. The creature types are Advisor, Aetherborn, Ally, Angel, Antelope, Ape, Archer, Archon, Artificer, Assassin, Assembly-Worker, Atog, Aurochs, Avatar, Badger, Barbarian, Basilisk, Bat, Bear, Beast, Beeble, Berserker, Bird, Blinkmoth, Boar, Bringer, Brushwagg, Camarid, Camel, Caribou, Carrier, Cat, Centaur, Cephalid, Chimera, Citizen, Cleric, Cockatrice, Construct, Coward, Crab, Crocodile, Cyclops, Dauthi, Demon, Deserter, Devil, Dinosaur, Djinn, Dragon, Drake, Dreadnought, Drone, Druid, Dryad, Dwarf, Efreet, Elder, Eldrazi, Elemental, Elephant, Elf, Elk, Eye, Faerie, Ferret, Fish, Flagbearer, Fox, Frog, Fungus, Gargoyle, Germ, Giant, Gnome, Goat, Goblin, God, Golem, Gorgon, Graveborn, Gremlin, Griffin, Hag, Harpy, Hellion, Hippo, Hippogriff, Homarid, Homunculus, Horror, Horse, Hound, Human, Hydra, Hyena, Illusion, Imp, Incarnation, Insect, Jackal, Jellyfish, Juggernaut, Kavu, Kirin, Kithkin, Knight, Kobold, Kor, Kraken, Lamia, Lammasu, Leech, Leviathan, Lhurgoyf, Licid, Lizard, Manticore, Masticore, Mercenary, Merfolk, Metathran, Minion, Minotaur, Mole, Monger, Mongoose, Monk, Monkey, Moonfolk, Mutant, Myr, Mystic, Naga, Nautilus, Nephilim, Nightmare, Nightstalker, Ninja, Noggle, Nomad, Nymph, Octopus, Ogre, Ooze, Orb, Orc, Orgg, Ouphe, Ox, Oyster, Pegasus, Pentavite, Pest, Phelddagrif, Phoenix, Pilot, Pincher, Pirate, Plant, Praetor, Prism, Processor, Rabbit, Rat, Rebel, Reflection, Rhino, Rigger, Rogue, Sable, Salamander, Samurai, Sand, Saproling, Satyr, Scarecrow, Scion, Scorpion, Scout, Serf, Serpent, Servo, Shade, Shaman, Shapeshifter, Sheep, Siren, Skeleton, Slith, Sliver, Slug, Snake, Soldier, Soltari, Spawn, Specter, Spellshaper, Sphinx, Spider, Spike, Spirit, Splinter, Sponge, Squid, Squirrel, Starfish, Surrakar, Survivor, Tetravite, Thalakos, Thopter, Thrull, Treefolk, Trilobite, Triskelavite, Troll, Turtle, Unicorn, Vampire, Vedalken, Viashino, Volver, Wall, Warrior, Weird, Werewolf, Whale, Wizard, Wolf, Wolverine, Wombat, Worm, Wraith, Wurm, Yeti, Zombie, and Zubera.
+205.3m Creatures and tribals share their lists of subtypes; these subtypes are called creature types. The creature types are Advisor, Aetherborn, Ally, Angel, Antelope, Ape, Archer, Archon, Artificer, Assassin, Assembly-Worker, Atog, Aurochs, Avatar, Azra, Badger, Barbarian, Basilisk, Bat, Bear, Beast, Beeble, Berserker, Bird, Blinkmoth, Boar, Bringer, Brushwagg, Camarid, Camel, Caribou, Carrier, Cat, Centaur, Cephalid, Chimera, Citizen, Cleric, Cockatrice, Construct, Coward, Crab, Crocodile, Cyclops, Dauthi, Demon, Deserter, Devil, Dinosaur, Djinn, Dragon, Drake, Dreadnought, Drone, Druid, Dryad, Dwarf, Efreet, Egg, Elder, Eldrazi, Elemental, Elephant, Elf, Elk, Eye, Faerie, Ferret, Fish, Flagbearer, Fox, Frog, Fungus, Gargoyle, Germ, Giant, Gnome, Goat, Goblin, God, Golem, Gorgon, Graveborn, Gremlin, Griffin, Hag, Harpy, Hellion, Hippo, Hippogriff, Homarid, Homunculus, Horror, Horse, Hound, Human, Hydra, Hyena, Illusion, Imp, Incarnation, Insect, Jackal, Jellyfish, Juggernaut, Kavu, Kirin, Kithkin, Knight, Kobold, Kor, Kraken, Lamia, Lammasu, Leech, Leviathan, Lhurgoyf, Licid, Lizard, Manticore, Masticore, Mercenary, Merfolk, Metathran, Minion, Minotaur, Mole, Monger, Mongoose, Monk, Monkey, Moonfolk, Mutant, Myr, Mystic, Naga, Nautilus, Nephilim, Nightmare, Nightstalker, Ninja, Noggle, Nomad, Nymph, Octopus, Ogre, Ooze, Orb, Orc, Orgg, Ouphe, Ox, Oyster, Pangolin, Pegasus, Pentavite, Pest, Phelddagrif, Phoenix, Pilot, Pincher, Pirate, Plant, Praetor, Prism, Processor, Rabbit, Rat, Rebel, Reflection, Rhino, Rigger, Rogue, Sable, Salamander, Samurai, Sand, Saproling, Satyr, Scarecrow, Scion, Scorpion, Scout, Serf, Serpent, Servo, Shade, Shaman, Shapeshifter, Sheep, Siren, Skeleton, Slith, Sliver, Slug, Snake, Soldier, Soltari, Spawn, Specter, Spellshaper, Sphinx, Spider, Spike, Spirit, Splinter, Sponge, Squid, Squirrel, Starfish, Surrakar, Survivor, Tetravite, Thalakos, Thopter, Thrull, Treefolk, Trilobite, Triskelavite, Troll, Turtle, Unicorn, Vampire, Vedalken, Viashino, Volver, Wall, Warrior, Weird, Werewolf, Whale, Wizard, Wolf, Wolverine, Wombat, Worm, Wraith, Wurm, Yeti, Zombie, and Zubera.
-205.3n Planes have their own unique set of subtypes; these subtypes are called planar types. The planar types are Alara, Arkhos, Azgol, Belenon, Bolasâ€™s Meditation Realm, Dominaria, Equilor, Ergamon, Fabacin, Innistrad, Iquatana, Ir, Kaldheim, Kamigawa, Karsus, Kephalai, Kinshala, Kolbahan, Kyneth, Lorwyn, Luvion, Mercadia, Mirrodin, Moag, Mongseng, Muraganda, New Phyrexia, Phyrexia, Pyrulea, Rabiah, Rath, Ravnica, Regatha, Segovia, Serraâ€™s Realm, Shadowmoor, Shandalar, Ulgrotha, Valla, Vryn, Wildfire, Xerex, and Zendikar.
+205.3n Planes have their own unique set of subtypes; these subtypes are called planar types. The planar types are Alara, Arkhos, Azgol, Belenon, Bolas’s Meditation Realm, Dominaria, Equilor, Ergamon, Fabacin, Innistrad, Iquatana, Ir, Kaldheim, Kamigawa, Karsus, Kephalai, Kinshala, Kolbahan, Kyneth, Lorwyn, Luvion, Mercadia, Mirrodin, Moag, Mongseng, Muraganda, New Phyrexia, Phyrexia, Pyrulea, Rabiah, Rath, Ravnica, Regatha, Segovia, Serra’s Realm, Shadowmoor, Shandalar, Ulgrotha, Valla, Vryn, Wildfire, Xerex, and Zendikar.
 205.3p Phenomenon cards, scheme cards, vanguard cards, and conspiracy cards have no subtypes.
 205.4. Supertypes
 205.4a A card can also have one or more supertypes. These are printed directly before its card types. The supertypes are basic, legendary, ongoing, snow, and world.
-205.4b An objectâ€™s supertype is independent of its card type and subtype, even though some supertypes are closely identified with specific card types. Changing an objectâ€™s card types or subtypes wonâ€™t change its supertypes. Changing an objectâ€™s supertypes wonâ€™t change its card types or subtypes. When an object gains or loses a supertype, it retains any other supertypes it had.
+205.4b An object’s supertype is independent of its card type and subtype, even though some supertypes are closely identified with specific card types. Changing an object’s card types or subtypes won’t change its supertypes. Changing an object’s supertypes won’t change its card types or subtypes. When an object gains or loses a supertype, it retains any other supertypes it had.
-Example: An ability reads, â€œAll lands are 1/1 creatures that are still lands.â€ If any of the affected lands were legendary, they are still legendary.
+Example: An ability reads, “All lands are 1/1 creatures that are still lands.” If any of the affected lands were legendary, they are still legendary.
-205.4c Any land with the supertype â€œbasicâ€ is a basic land. Any land that doesnâ€™t have this supertype is a nonbasic land, even if it has a basic land type.
+205.4c Any land with the supertype “basic” is a basic land. Any land that doesn’t have this supertype is a nonbasic land, even if it has a basic land type.
-Cards printed in sets prior to the Eighth Edition core set didnâ€™t use the word â€œbasicâ€ to indicate a basic land. Cards from those sets with the following names are basic lands and have received errata in the Oracle card reference accordingly: Forest, Island, Mountain, Plains, Swamp, Snow-Covered Forest, Snow-Covered Island, Snow-Covered Mountain, Snow-Covered Plains, and Snow-Covered Swamp.
+Cards printed in sets prior to the Eighth Edition core set didn’t use the word “basic” to indicate a basic land. Cards from those sets with the following names are basic lands and have received errata in the Oracle card reference accordingly: Forest, Island, Mountain, Plains, Swamp, Snow-Covered Forest, Snow-Covered Island, Snow-Covered Mountain, Snow-Covered Plains, and Snow-Covered Swamp.
-205.4d Any permanent with the supertype â€œlegendaryâ€ is subject to the state-based action for legendary permanents, also called the â€œlegend ruleâ€ (see rule 704.5j).
+205.4d Any permanent with the supertype “legendary” is subject to the state-based action for legendary permanents, also called the “legend rule” (see rule 704.5j).
-205.4e Any permanent with the supertype â€œworldâ€ is subject to the state-based action for world permanents, also called the â€œworld ruleâ€ (see rule 704.5k).
+205.4e Any instant or sorcery spell with the supertype “legendary” is subject to a casting restriction. A player can’t cast a legendary instant or sorcery spell unless that player controls a legendary creature or a legendary planeswalker.
-205.4f Any permanent with the supertype â€œsnowâ€ is a snow permanent. Any permanent that doesnâ€™t have this supertype is a nonsnow permanent, regardless of its name.
+205.4f Any permanent with the supertype “world” is subject to the state-based action for world permanents, also called the “world rule” (see rule 704.5k).
-205.4g Any scheme card with the supertype â€œongoingâ€ is exempt from the state-based action for schemes (see rule 704.5v).
+205.4g Any permanent with the supertype “snow” is a snow permanent. Any permanent that doesn’t have this supertype is a nonsnow permanent, regardless of its name.
+205.4h Any scheme card with the supertype “ongoing” is exempt from the state-based action for schemes (see rule 704.5w).
 206. Expansion Symbol
-206.1. The expansion symbol indicates which Magic set a card is from. Itâ€™s a small icon normally printed below the right edge of the illustration. It has no effect on game play.
+206.1. The expansion symbol indicates which Magic set a card is from. It’s a small icon normally printed below the right edge of the illustration. It has no effect on game play.
-206.2. The color of the expansion symbol indicates the rarity of the card within its set. A red-orange symbol indicates the card is mythic rare. A gold symbol indicates the card is rare. A silver symbol indicates the card is uncommon. A black or white symbol indicates the card is common or is a basic land. A purple symbol signifies a special rarity; to date, only the Time SpiralÂ® â€œtimeshiftedâ€ cards, which were rarer than that setâ€™s rare cards, have had purple expansion symbols. (Prior to the Exodusâ„¢ set, all expansion symbols were black, regardless of rarity. Also, prior to the Sixth Edition core set, with the exception of the Simplified Chinese Fifth Edition core set, Magic core sets didnâ€™t have expansion symbols at all.)
+206.2. The color of the expansion symbol indicates the rarity of the card within its set. A red-orange symbol indicates the card is mythic rare. A gold symbol indicates the card is rare. A silver symbol indicates the card is uncommon. A black or white symbol indicates the card is common or is a basic land. A purple symbol signifies a special rarity; to date, only the Time Spiral® “timeshifted” cards, which were rarer than that set’s rare cards, have had purple expansion symbols. (Prior to the Exodus™ set, all expansion symbols were black, regardless of rarity. Also, prior to the Sixth Edition core set, with the exception of the Simplified Chinese Fifth Edition core set, Magic core sets didn’t have expansion symbols at all.)
-206.3. Previously, a spell or ability that affected cards from a particular set checked for that setâ€™s expansion symbol. These cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference to say they affect cards â€œwith a name originally printedâ€ in a particular set. See rule 700.6 for details.
+206.3. Previously, a spell or ability that affected cards from a particular set checked for that set’s expansion symbol. These cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference to say they affect cards “with a name originally printed” in a particular set. See rule 700.8 for details.
-206.4. Players may include cards from any printing in their constructed decks if those cards appear in sets allowed in that format (or those cards are specifically allowed by the Magic Tournament Rules). See the Magic Tournament Rules for the current definitions of the constructed formats (WPN.Wizards.com/en/resources/rules-documents).
+206.4. Players may include cards from any printing in their constructed decks if those cards appear in sets allowed in that format (or those cards are specifically allowed by the Magic: The Gathering Tournament Rules). See the Magic: The Gathering Tournament Rules for the current definitions of the constructed formats (WPN.Wizards.com/en/resources/rules-documents).
 206.5. The full list of expansions and expansion symbols can be found in the Card Set Archive section of the Magic website (Magic.Wizards.com/en/game-info/products/card-set-archive).
 207. Text Box
-207.1. The text box is printed on the lower half of the card. It usually contains rules text defining the cardâ€™s abilities.
+207.1. The text box is printed on the lower half of the card. It usually contains rules text defining the card’s abilities.
 207.2. The text box may also contain italicized text that has no game function.
-207.2a Reminder text is italicized text within parentheses that summarizes a rule that applies to that card. It usually appears on the same line as the ability itâ€™s relevant to, but it may appear on its own line if it applies to an aspect of the card other than an ability.
+207.2a Reminder text is italicized text within parentheses that summarizes a rule that applies to that card. It usually appears on the same line as the ability it’s relevant to, but it may appear on its own line if it applies to an aspect of the card other than an ability.
 207.2b Flavor text is italicized text that, like the illustration, adds artistic appeal to the game. It appears below the rules text.
-207.2c An ability word appears in italics at the beginning of some abilities. Ability words are similar to keywords in that they tie together cards that have similar functionality, but they have no special rules meaning and no individual entries in the Comprehensive Rules. The ability words are battalion, bloodrush, channel, chroma, cohort, constellation, converge, councilâ€™s dilemma, delirium, domain, eminence, enrage, fateful hour, ferocious, formidable, grandeur, hellbent, heroic, imprint, inspired, join forces, kinship, landfall, lieutenant, metalcraft, morbid, parley, radiance, raid, rally, revolt, spell mastery, strive, sweep, tempting offer, threshold, and will of the council.
+207.2c An ability word appears in italics at the beginning of some abilities. Ability words are similar to keywords in that they tie together cards that have similar functionality, but they have no special rules meaning and no individual entries in the Comprehensive Rules. The ability words are battalion, bloodrush, channel, chroma, cohort, constellation, converge, council’s dilemma, delirium, domain, eminence, enrage, fateful hour, ferocious, formidable, grandeur, hellbent, heroic, imprint, inspired, join forces, kinship, landfall, lieutenant, metalcraft, morbid, parley, radiance, raid, rally, revolt, spell mastery, strive, sweep, tempting offer, threshold, undergrowth, and will of the council.
-207.3. Some cards have decorative icons in the background of their text boxes. For example, a guild icon appears in the text box of many Ravnica: City of GuildsÂ® and Return to Ravnicaâ„¢ block cards, and a faction icon appears in the text box of most Scars of Mirrodinâ„¢ block cards. Similarly, many promotional cards include decorative icons. These icons have no effect on game play.
+207.3. Some cards have decorative icons in the background of their text boxes. For example, a guild icon appears in the text box of many cards associated with the guilds of Ravnica, and a faction icon appears in the text box of most Scars of Mirrodin™ block cards. Similarly, many promotional cards include decorative icons. These icons have no effect on game play.
 207.4. The chaos symbol {CHAOS} appears in the text box of each plane card to the left of a triggered ability that triggers whenever {CHAOS} is rolled on the planar die. The symbol itself has no special rules meaning.
 208. Power/Toughness
 208.1. A creature card has two numbers separated by a slash printed in its lower right corner. The first number is its power (the amount of damage it deals in combat); the second is its toughness (the amount of damage needed to destroy it). For example, 2/3 means the object has power 2 and toughness 3. Power and toughness can be modified or set to particular values by effects.
 208.2. Rather than a fixed number, some creature cards have power and/or toughness that includes a star (*).
-208.2a The card may have a characteristic-defining ability that sets its power and/or toughness according to some stated condition. (See rule 604.3.) Such an ability is worded â€œ[This creatureâ€™s] [power or toughness] is equal to . . .â€ or â€œ[This creatureâ€™s] power and toughness are each equal to . . .â€ This ability functions everywhere, even outside the game. If the ability needs to use a number that canâ€™t be determined, including inside a calculation, use 0 instead of that number.
+208.2a The card may have a characteristic-defining ability that sets its power and/or toughness according to some stated condition. (See rule 604.3.) Such an ability is worded “[This creature’s] [power or toughness] is equal to . . .” or “[This creature’s] power and toughness are each equal to . . .” This ability functions everywhere, even outside the game. If the ability needs to use a number that can’t be determined, including inside a calculation, use 0 instead of that number.
-Example: Lost Order of Jarkeld has power and toughness each equal to 1+*. It has the abilities â€œAs Lost Order of Jarkeld enters the battlefield, choose an opponentâ€ and â€œLost Order of Jarkeldâ€™s power and toughness are each equal to 1 plus the number of creatures the chosen player controls.â€ While Lost Order of Jarkeld isnâ€™t on the battlefield, there wonâ€™t be a chosen player. Its power and toughness will each be equal to 1 plus 0, so itâ€™s 1/1.
+Example: Lost Order of Jarkeld has power and toughness each equal to 1+*. It has the abilities “As Lost Order of Jarkeld enters the battlefield, choose an opponent” and “Lost Order of Jarkeld’s power and toughness are each equal to 1 plus the number of creatures the chosen player controls.” While Lost Order of Jarkeld isn’t on the battlefield, there won’t be a chosen player. Its power and toughness will each be equal to 1 plus 0, so it’s 1/1.
-208.2b The card may have a static ability that creates a replacement effect that sets the creatureâ€™s power and toughness to one of a number of specific values as it enters the battlefield or is turned face up. (See rule 614, â€œReplacement Effects.â€) Such an ability is worded â€œAs [this creature] enters the battlefield . . . ,â€ â€œAs [this creature] is turned face up . . . ,â€ or â€œ[This creature] enters the battlefield as . . .â€ and lists two or more specific power and toughness values (and may also list additional characteristics). The characteristics chosen or determined with these effects affect the creatureâ€™s copiable values. (See rule 706.2.) While the card isnâ€™t on the battlefield, its power and toughness are each considered to be 0.
+208.2b The card may have a static ability that creates a replacement effect that sets the creature’s power and toughness to one of a number of specific values as it enters the battlefield or is turned face up. (See rule 614, “Replacement Effects.”) Such an ability is worded “As [this creature] enters the battlefield . . . ,” “As [this creature] is turned face up . . . ,” or “[This creature] enters the battlefield as . . .” and lists two or more specific power and toughness values (and may also list additional characteristics). The characteristics chosen or determined with these effects affect the creature’s copiable values. (See rule 706.2.) While the card isn’t on the battlefield, its power and toughness are each considered to be 0.
-208.3. A noncreature permanent has no power or toughness, even if itâ€™s a card with a power and toughness printed on it (such as a Vehicle).
+208.3. A noncreature permanent has no power or toughness, even if it’s a card with a power and toughness printed on it (such as a Vehicle). A noncreature object not on the battlefield has power or toughness only if it has a power and toughness printed on it.
-208.3a If an effect would be created that affects the power and/or toughness of a noncreature permanent, that effect is created even though it doesnâ€™t do anything unless that permanent becomes a creature.
+208.3a If an effect would be created that affects the power and/or toughness of a noncreature permanent, that effect is created even though it doesn’t do anything unless that permanent becomes a creature.
-Example: Veteran Motorist has the ability â€œWhenever Veteran Motorist crews a Vehicle, that Vehicle gets +1/+1 until end of turn,â€ and itâ€™s tapped to pay the crew cost of a Vehicle. This triggered ability resolves while the Vehicle it crewed isnâ€™t yet a creature. The continuous effect is created and will apply to the Vehicle once it becomes a creature.
+Example: Veteran Motorist has the ability “Whenever Veteran Motorist crews a Vehicle, that Vehicle gets +1/+1 until end of turn,” and it’s tapped to pay the crew cost of a Vehicle. This triggered ability resolves while the Vehicle it crewed isn’t yet a creature. The continuous effect is created and will apply to the Vehicle once it becomes a creature.
-208.4. Effects that set a creatureâ€™s power and/or toughness to specific values may refer to that creatureâ€™s â€œbase power,â€ â€œbase toughness,â€ or â€œbase power and toughness.â€ Other continuous effects may further modify the creatureâ€™s power and toughness. See rule 613, â€œInteraction of Continuous Effects.â€
+208.4. Effects that set a creature’s power and/or toughness to specific values may refer to that creature’s “base power,” “base toughness,” or “base power and toughness.” Other continuous effects may further modify the creature’s power and toughness. See rule 613, “Interaction of Continuous Effects.”
 208.5. If a creature somehow has no value for its power, its power is 0. The same is true for toughness.
 209. Loyalty
-209.1. Each planeswalker card has a loyalty number printed in its lower right corner. This indicates its loyalty while itâ€™s not on the battlefield, and it also indicates that the planeswalker enters the battlefield with that many loyalty counters on it.
+209.1. Each planeswalker card has a loyalty number printed in its lower right corner. This indicates its loyalty while it’s not on the battlefield, and it also indicates that the planeswalker enters the battlefield with that many loyalty counters on it.
-209.2. An activated ability with a loyalty symbol in its cost is a loyalty ability. Loyalty abilities follow special rules: A player may activate a loyalty ability of a permanent he or she controls any time he or she has priority and the stack is empty during a main phase of his or her turn, but only if none of that permanentâ€™s loyalty abilities have been activated that turn. See rule 606, â€œLoyalty Abilities.â€
+209.2. An activated ability with a loyalty symbol in its cost is a loyalty ability. Loyalty abilities follow special rules: A player may activate a loyalty ability of a permanent they control any time they have priority and the stack is empty during a main phase of their turn, but only if none of that permanent’s loyalty abilities have been activated that turn. See rule 606, “Loyalty Abilities.”
 210. Hand Modifier
-210.1. Each vanguard card has a hand modifier printed in its lower left corner. This is a number preceded by a plus sign, a number preceded by a minus sign, or a zero. This modifier is applied as the starting hand size and the maximum hand size of the vanguard cardâ€™s owner are determined. See rule 103.4.
+210.1. Each vanguard card has a hand modifier printed in its lower left corner. This is a number preceded by a plus sign, a number preceded by a minus sign, or a zero. This modifier is applied as the starting hand size and the maximum hand size of the vanguard card’s owner are determined. See rule 103.4.
 211. Life Modifier
-211.1. Each vanguard card has a life modifier printed in its lower right corner. This is a number preceded by a plus sign, a number preceded by a minus sign, or a zero. This modifier is applied as the starting life total of the vanguard cardâ€™s owner is determined. See rule 103.3.
+211.1. Each vanguard card has a life modifier printed in its lower right corner. This is a number preceded by a plus sign, a number preceded by a minus sign, or a zero. This modifier is applied as the starting life total of the vanguard card’s owner is determined. See rule 103.3.
 212. Information Below the Text Box
-212.1. Each card features text printed below the text box that has no effect on game play.
+212.1. Each card features text printed below the text box that has no effect on game play. Not all card sets were printed with all of the information listed below on each card.
-212.1a The illustration credit for a card is printed on the first line below the text box. It follows the paintbrush icon or, on older cards, the abbreviation â€œIllus.â€
+212.1a Most card sets feature collector numbers. This information is printed in the form [card number]/[total cards in the set]. Some cards, such as unique cards in Planeswalker Decks, have card numbers that exceed the listed total number of cards.
-212.1b Legal text (the fine print at the bottom of the card) lists the trademark and copyright information.
+212.1b A card’s rarity is indicated with a single letter following the collector number.
-212.1c Some card sets feature collector numbers. This information is printed in the form [card number]/[total cards in the set], immediately following the legal text.
+212.1c Some promotional cards include information to indicate the specific promotion the card is associated with.
+212.1d The three-character code representing the set in which a card is printed and the two-character code representing the language in which a card is printed are separated by a bullet point. If a card is premium, these codes are instead separated by a star.
+212.1e The illustration credit for a card follows the paintbrush icon or, on older cards, the abbreviation “Illus.”
+212.1f Legal text (the fine print at the bottom or bottom-right of the card) lists the trademark and copyright information.
 3. Card Types
 300. General
 300.1. The card types are artifact, conspiracy, creature, enchantment, instant, land, phenomenon, plane, planeswalker, scheme, sorcery, tribal, and vanguard.
 300.2. Some objects have more than one card type (for example, an artifact creature). Such objects combine the aspects of each of those card types, and are subject to spells and abilities that affect either or all of those card types.
-300.2a An object thatâ€™s both a land and another card type (for example, an artifact land) can only be played as a land. It canâ€™t be cast as a spell.
+300.2a An object that’s both a land and another card type (for example, an artifact land) can only be played as a land. It can’t be cast as a spell.
 300.2b Each tribal card has another card type. Casting and resolving a tribal card follow the rules for casting and resolving a card of the other card type.
 301. Artifacts
-301.1. A player who has priority may cast an artifact card from his or her hand during a main phase of his or her turn when the stack is empty. Casting an artifact as a spell uses the stack. (See rule 601, â€œCasting Spells.â€)
+301.1. A player who has priority may cast an artifact card from their hand during a main phase of their turn when the stack is empty. Casting an artifact as a spell uses the stack. (See rule 601, “Casting Spells.”)
-301.2. When an artifact spell resolves, its controller puts it onto the battlefield under his or her control.
+301.2. When an artifact spell resolves, its controller puts it onto the battlefield under their control.
-301.3. Artifact subtypes are always a single word and are listed after a long dash: â€œArtifact â€” Equipment.â€ Artifact subtypes are also called artifact types. Artifacts may have multiple subtypes. See rule 205.3g for the complete list of artifact types.
+301.3. Artifact subtypes are always a single word and are listed after a long dash: “Artifact — Equipment.” Artifact subtypes are also called artifact types. Artifacts may have multiple subtypes. See rule 205.3g for the complete list of artifact types.
 301.4. Artifacts have no characteristics specific to their card type. Most artifacts have no colored mana symbols in their mana costs, and are therefore colorless. However, there is no correlation between being colorless and being an artifact: artifacts may be colored, and colorless objects may be card types other than artifact.
-301.5. Some artifacts have the subtype â€œEquipment.â€ An Equipment can be attached to a creature. It canâ€™t legally be attached to an object that isnâ€™t a creature.
+301.5. Some artifacts have the subtype “Equipment.” An Equipment can be attached to a creature. It can’t legally be attached to an object that isn’t a creature.
-301.5a The creature an Equipment is attached to is called the â€œequipped creature.â€ The Equipment is attached to, or â€œequips,â€ that creature.
+301.5a The creature an Equipment is attached to is called the “equipped creature.” The Equipment is attached to, or “equips,” that creature.
-301.5b An Equipment is cast and enters the battlefield just like any other artifact. An Equipment doesnâ€™t enter the battlefield attached to a creature. The equip keyword ability attaches the Equipment to a creature you control (see rule 702.6, â€œEquipâ€). Control of the creature matters only when the equip ability is activated and when it resolves. Spells and other abilities may also attach an Equipment to a creature. If an effect attempts to attach an Equipment to an object that canâ€™t be equipped by it, the Equipment doesnâ€™t move.
+301.5b An Equipment is cast and enters the battlefield just like any other artifact. An Equipment doesn’t enter the battlefield attached to a creature. The equip keyword ability attaches the Equipment to a creature you control (see rule 702.6, “Equip”). Control of the creature matters only when the equip ability is activated and when it resolves. Spells and other abilities may also attach an Equipment to a creature. If an effect attempts to attach an Equipment to an object that can’t be equipped by it, the Equipment doesn’t move.
-301.5c An Equipment thatâ€™s also a creature canâ€™t equip a creature. An Equipment that loses the subtype â€œEquipmentâ€ canâ€™t equip a creature. An Equipment canâ€™t equip itself. An Equipment that equips an illegal or nonexistent permanent becomes unattached from that permanent but remains on the battlefield. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.) An Equipment canâ€™t equip more than one creature. If a spell or ability would cause an Equipment to equip more than one creature, the Equipmentâ€™s controller chooses which creature it equips.
+301.5c An Equipment that’s also a creature can’t equip a creature. An Equipment that loses the subtype “Equipment” can’t equip a creature. An Equipment can’t equip itself. An Equipment that equips an illegal or nonexistent permanent becomes unattached from that permanent but remains on the battlefield. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.) An Equipment can’t equip more than one creature. If a spell or ability would cause an Equipment to equip more than one creature, the Equipment’s controller chooses which creature it equips.
-301.5d An Equipmentâ€™s controller is separate from the equipped creatureâ€™s controller; the two need not be the same. Changing control of the creature doesnâ€™t change control of the Equipment, and vice versa. Only the Equipmentâ€™s controller can activate its abilities. However, if the Equipment grants an ability to the equipped creature (with â€œgainsâ€ or â€œhasâ€), the equipped creatureâ€™s controller is the only one who can activate that ability.
+301.5d An Equipment’s controller is separate from the equipped creature’s controller; the two need not be the same. Changing control of the creature doesn’t change control of the Equipment, and vice versa. Only the Equipment’s controller can activate its abilities. However, if the Equipment grants an ability to the equipped creature (with “gains” or “has”), the equipped creature’s controller is the only one who can activate that ability.
-301.5e An ability of a permanent that refers to the â€œequipped creatureâ€ refers to whatever creature that permanent is attached to, even if the permanent with the ability isnâ€™t an Equipment.
+301.5e An ability of a permanent that refers to the “equipped creature” refers to whatever creature that permanent is attached to, even if the permanent with the ability isn’t an Equipment.
-301.6. Some artifacts have the subtype â€œFortification.â€ A Fortification can be attached to a land. It canâ€™t legally be attached to an object that isnâ€™t a land. Fortificationâ€™s analog to the equip keyword ability is the fortify keyword ability. Rules 301.5aâ€“e apply to Fortifications in relation to lands just as they apply to Equipment in relation to creatures, with one clarification relating to rule 301.5c: a Fortification thatâ€™s also a creature (not a land) canâ€™t fortify a land. (See rule 702.66, â€œFortify.â€)
+301.6. Some artifacts have the subtype “Fortification.” A Fortification can be attached to a land. It can’t legally be attached to an object that isn’t a land. Fortification’s analog to the equip keyword ability is the fortify keyword ability. Rules 301.5a–e apply to Fortifications in relation to lands just as they apply to Equipment in relation to creatures, with one clarification relating to rule 301.5c: a Fortification that’s also a creature (not a land) can’t fortify a land. (See rule 702.66, “Fortify.”)
-301.7. Some artifacts have the subtype â€œVehicle.â€ Vehicles have a crew ability, which allows them to become artifact creatures. See rule 702.121, â€œCrew.â€
+301.7. Some artifacts have the subtype “Vehicle.” Vehicles have a crew ability, which allows them to become artifact creatures. See rule 702.121, “Crew.”
-301.7a Each Vehicle has a printed power and toughness, but it has these characteristics only if itâ€™s also a creature. See rule 208.3.
+301.7a Each Vehicle has a printed power and toughness, but it has these characteristics only if it’s also a creature. See rule 208.3.
 301.7b If a Vehicle becomes a creature, it immediately has its printed power and toughness. Other effects, including the effect that makes it a creature, may modify these values or set them to different values.
 302. Creatures
-302.1. A player who has priority may cast a creature card from his or her hand during a main phase of his or her turn when the stack is empty. Casting a creature as a spell uses the stack. (See rule 601, â€œCasting Spells.â€)
+302.1. A player who has priority may cast a creature card from their hand during a main phase of their turn when the stack is empty. Casting a creature as a spell uses the stack. (See rule 601, “Casting Spells.”)
-302.2. When a creature spell resolves, its controller puts it onto the battlefield under his or her control.
+302.2. When a creature spell resolves, its controller puts it onto the battlefield under their control.
-302.3. Creature subtypes are always a single word and are listed after a long dash: â€œCreature â€” Human Soldier,â€ â€œArtifact Creature â€” Golem,â€ and so on. Creature subtypes are also called creature types. Creatures may have multiple subtypes. See rule 205.3m for the complete list of creature types.
+302.3. Creature subtypes are always a single word and are listed after a long dash: “Creature — Human Soldier,” “Artifact Creature — Golem,” and so on. Creature subtypes are also called creature types. Creatures may have multiple subtypes. See rule 205.3m for the complete list of creature types.
-Example: â€œCreature â€” Goblin Wizardâ€ means the card is a creature with the subtypes Goblin and Wizard.
+Example: “Creature — Goblin Wizard” means the card is a creature with the subtypes Goblin and Wizard.
 302.4. Power and toughness are characteristics only creatures have.
-302.4a A creatureâ€™s power is the amount of damage it deals in combat.
+302.4a A creature’s power is the amount of damage it deals in combat.
-302.4b A creatureâ€™s toughness is the amount of damage needed to destroy it.
+302.4b A creature’s toughness is the amount of damage needed to destroy it.
-302.4c To determine a creatureâ€™s power and toughness, start with the numbers printed in its lower right corner, then apply any applicable continuous effects. (See rule 613, â€œInteraction of Continuous Effects.â€)
+302.4c To determine a creature’s power and toughness, start with the numbers printed in its lower right corner, then apply any applicable continuous effects. (See rule 613, “Interaction of Continuous Effects.”)
-302.5. Creatures can attack and block. (See rule 508, â€œDeclare Attackers Step,â€ and rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step.â€)
+302.5. Creatures can attack and block. (See rule 508, “Declare Attackers Step,” and rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step.”)
-302.6. A creatureâ€™s activated ability with the tap symbol or the untap symbol in its activation cost canâ€™t be activated unless the creature has been under its controllerâ€™s control continuously since his or her most recent turn began. A creature canâ€™t attack unless it has been under its controllerâ€™s control continuously since his or her most recent turn began. This rule is informally called the â€œsummoning sicknessâ€ rule.
+302.6. A creature’s activated ability with the tap symbol or the untap symbol in its activation cost can’t be activated unless the creature has been under its controller’s control continuously since their most recent turn began. A creature can’t attack unless it has been under its controller’s control continuously since their most recent turn began. This rule is informally called the “summoning sickness” rule.
-302.7. Damage dealt to a creature by a source with neither wither nor infect is marked on that creature (see rule 119.3). If the total damage marked on that creature is greater than or equal to its toughness, that creature has been dealt lethal damage and is destroyed as a state-based action (see rule 704). All damage marked on a creature is removed when it regenerates (see rule 701.13, â€œRegenerateâ€) and during the cleanup step (see rule 514.2).
+302.7. Damage dealt to a creature by a source with neither wither nor infect is marked on that creature (see rule 119.3). If the total damage marked on that creature is greater than or equal to its toughness, that creature has been dealt lethal damage and is destroyed as a state-based action (see rule 704). All damage marked on a creature is removed when it regenerates (see rule 701.14, “Regenerate”) and during the cleanup step (see rule 514.2).
 303. Enchantments
-303.1. A player who has priority may cast an enchantment card from his or her hand during a main phase of his or her turn when the stack is empty. Casting an enchantment as a spell uses the stack. (See rule 601, â€œCasting Spells.â€)
+303.1. A player who has priority may cast an enchantment card from their hand during a main phase of their turn when the stack is empty. Casting an enchantment as a spell uses the stack. (See rule 601, “Casting Spells.”)
-303.2. When an enchantment spell resolves, its controller puts it onto the battlefield under his or her control.
+303.2. When an enchantment spell resolves, its controller puts it onto the battlefield under their control.
-303.3. Enchantment subtypes are always a single word and are listed after a long dash: â€œEnchantment â€” Shrine.â€ Each word after the dash is a separate subtype. Enchantment subtypes are also called enchantment types. Enchantments may have multiple subtypes. See rule 205.3h for the complete list of enchantment types.
+303.3. Enchantment subtypes are always a single word and are listed after a long dash: “Enchantment — Shrine.” Each word after the dash is a separate subtype. Enchantment subtypes are also called enchantment types. Enchantments may have multiple subtypes. See rule 205.3h for the complete list of enchantment types.
-303.4. Some enchantments have the subtype â€œAura.â€ An Aura enters the battlefield attached to an object or player. What an Aura can be attached to is defined by its enchant keyword ability (see rule 702.5, â€œEnchantâ€). Other effects can limit what a permanent can be enchanted by.
+303.4. Some enchantments have the subtype “Aura.” An Aura enters the battlefield attached to an object or player. What an Aura can be attached to is defined by its enchant keyword ability (see rule 702.5, “Enchant”). Other effects can limit what a permanent can be enchanted by.
 303.4a An Aura spell requires a target, which is defined by its enchant ability.
-303.4b The object or player an Aura is attached to is called enchanted. The Aura is attached to, or â€œenchants,â€ that object or player.
+303.4b The object or player an Aura is attached to is called enchanted. The Aura is attached to, or “enchants,” that object or player.
-303.4c If an Aura is enchanting an illegal object or player as defined by its enchant ability and other applicable effects, the object it was attached to no longer exists, or the player it was attached to has left the game, the Aura is put into its ownerâ€™s graveyard. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
+303.4c If an Aura is enchanting an illegal object or player as defined by its enchant ability and other applicable effects, the object it was attached to no longer exists, or the player it was attached to has left the game, the Aura is put into its owner’s graveyard. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
-303.4d An Aura canâ€™t enchant itself. If this occurs somehow, the Aura is put into its ownerâ€™s graveyard. An Aura thatâ€™s also a creature canâ€™t enchant anything. If this occurs somehow, the Aura becomes unattached, then is put into its ownerâ€™s graveyard. (These are state-based actions. See rule 704.) An Aura canâ€™t enchant more than one object or player. If a spell or ability would cause an Aura to become attached to more than one object or player, the Auraâ€™s controller chooses which object or player it becomes attached to.
+303.4d An Aura can’t enchant itself. If this occurs somehow, the Aura is put into its owner’s graveyard. An Aura that’s also a creature can’t enchant anything. If this occurs somehow, the Aura becomes unattached, then is put into its owner’s graveyard. (These are state-based actions. See rule 704.) An Aura can’t enchant more than one object or player. If a spell or ability would cause an Aura to become attached to more than one object or player, the Aura’s controller chooses which object or player it becomes attached to.
-303.4e An Auraâ€™s controller is separate from the enchanted objectâ€™s controller or the enchanted player; the two need not be the same. If an Aura enchants an object, changing control of the object doesnâ€™t change control of the Aura, and vice versa. Only the Auraâ€™s controller can activate its abilities. However, if the Aura grants an ability to the enchanted object (with â€œgainsâ€ or â€œhasâ€), the enchanted objectâ€™s controller is the only one who can activate that ability.
+303.4e An Aura’s controller is separate from the enchanted object’s controller or the enchanted player; the two need not be the same. If an Aura enchants an object, changing control of the object doesn’t change control of the Aura, and vice versa. Only the Aura’s controller can activate its abilities. However, if the Aura grants an ability to the enchanted object (with “gains” or “has”), the enchanted object’s controller is the only one who can activate that ability.
-303.4f If an Aura is entering the battlefield under a playerâ€™s control by any means other than by resolving as an Aura spell, and the effect putting it onto the battlefield doesnâ€™t specify the object or player the Aura will enchant, that player chooses what it will enchant as the Aura enters the battlefield. The player must choose a legal object or player according to the Auraâ€™s enchant ability and any other applicable effects.
+303.4f If an Aura is entering the battlefield under a player’s control by any means other than by resolving as an Aura spell, and the effect putting it onto the battlefield doesn’t specify the object or player the Aura will enchant, that player chooses what it will enchant as the Aura enters the battlefield. The player must choose a legal object or player according to the Aura’s enchant ability and any other applicable effects.
-303.4g If an Aura is entering the battlefield and there is no legal object or player for it to enchant, the Aura remains in its current zone, unless that zone is the stack. In that case, the Aura is put into its ownerâ€™s graveyard instead of entering the battlefield.
+303.4g If an Aura is entering the battlefield and there is no legal object or player for it to enchant, the Aura remains in its current zone, unless that zone is the stack. In that case, the Aura is put into its owner’s graveyard instead of entering the battlefield.
-303.4h If an effect attempts to put a permanent that isnâ€™t an Aura, Equipment, or Fortification onto the battlefield attached to an object or player, it enters the battlefield unattached.
+303.4h If an effect attempts to put a permanent that isn’t an Aura, Equipment, or Fortification onto the battlefield attached to an object or player, it enters the battlefield unattached.
-303.4i If an effect attempts to put an Aura onto the battlefield enchanting an object or player it canâ€™t legally enchant, the Aura remains in its current zone.
+303.4i If an effect attempts to put an Aura onto the battlefield attached to an object or player it can’t legally enchant, the Aura remains in its current zone, unless that zone is the stack. In that case, the Aura is put into its owner’s graveyard instead of entering the battlefield. If the Aura is a token, it isn’t created.
-303.4j If an effect attempts to attach an Aura on the battlefield to an object or player it canâ€™t legally enchant, the Aura doesnâ€™t move.
+303.4j If an effect attempts to attach an Aura on the battlefield to an object or player it can’t legally enchant, the Aura doesn’t move.
-303.4k An ability of a permanent that refers to the â€œenchanted [object or player]â€ refers to whatever object or player that permanent is attached to, even if the permanent with the ability isnâ€™t an Aura.
+303.4k An ability of a permanent that refers to the “enchanted [object or player]” refers to whatever object or player that permanent is attached to, even if the permanent with the ability isn’t an Aura.
+303.5. Some enchantments have the subtype “Saga.” See rule 714 for more information about Saga cards.
 304. Instants
-304.1. A player who has priority may cast an instant card from his or her hand. Casting an instant as a spell uses the stack. (See rule 601, â€œCasting Spells.â€)
+304.1. A player who has priority may cast an instant card from their hand. Casting an instant as a spell uses the stack. (See rule 601, “Casting Spells.”)
-304.2. When an instant spell resolves, the actions stated in its rules text are followed. Then itâ€™s put into its ownerâ€™s graveyard.
+304.2. When an instant spell resolves, the actions stated in its rules text are followed. Then it’s put into its owner’s graveyard.
-304.3. Instant subtypes are always a single word and are listed after a long dash: â€œInstant â€” Arcane.â€ Each word after the dash is a separate subtype. The set of instant subtypes is the same as the set of sorcery subtypes; these subtypes are called spell types. Instants may have multiple subtypes. See rule 205.3k for the complete list of spell types.
+304.3. Instant subtypes are always a single word and are listed after a long dash: “Instant — Arcane.” Each word after the dash is a separate subtype. The set of instant subtypes is the same as the set of sorcery subtypes; these subtypes are called spell types. Instants may have multiple subtypes. See rule 205.3k for the complete list of spell types.
-304.4. Instants canâ€™t enter the battlefield. If an instant would enter the battlefield, it remains in its previous zone instead.
+304.4. Instants can’t enter the battlefield. If an instant would enter the battlefield, it remains in its previous zone instead.
-304.5. If text states that a player may do something â€œany time he or she could cast an instant,â€ it means only that the player must have priority. The player doesnâ€™t need to have an instant he or she could actually cast. Effects that would preclude that player from casting a spell or casting an instant donâ€™t affect the playerâ€™s capability to perform that action (unless the action is actually casting a spell or casting an instant).
+304.5. If text states that a player may do something “any time they could cast an instant,” it means only that the player must have priority. The player doesn’t need to have an instant they could cast. Effects that would preclude that player from casting a spell or casting an instant don’t affect the player’s capability to perform that action (unless the action is actually casting a spell or casting an instant).
 305. Lands
-305.1. A player who has priority may play a land card from his or her hand during a main phase of his or her turn when the stack is empty. Playing a land is a special action; it doesnâ€™t use the stack (see rule 115). Rather, the player simply puts the land onto the battlefield. Since the land doesnâ€™t go on the stack, it is never a spell, and players canâ€™t respond to it with instants or activated abilities.
+305.1. A player who has priority may play a land card from their hand during a main phase of their turn when the stack is empty. Playing a land is a special action; it doesn’t use the stack (see rule 115). Rather, the player simply puts the land onto the battlefield. Since the land doesn’t go on the stack, it is never a spell, and players can’t respond to it with instants or activated abilities.
-305.2. A player can normally play one land during his or her turn; however, continuous effects may increase this number.
+305.2. A player can normally play one land during their turn; however, continuous effects may increase this number.
-305.2a To determine whether a player can play a land, compare the number of lands the player can play this turn with the number of lands he or she has already played this turn (including lands played as special actions and lands played during the resolution of spells and abilities). If the number of lands the player can play is greater, the play is legal.
+305.2a To determine whether a player can play a land, compare the number of lands the player can play this turn with the number of lands they have already played this turn (including lands played as special actions and lands played during the resolution of spells and abilities). If the number of lands the player can play is greater, the play is legal.
-305.2b A player canâ€™t play a land, for any reason, if the number of lands the player can play this turn is equal to or less than the number of lands he or she has already played this turn. Ignore any part of an effect that instructs a player to do so.
+305.2b A player can’t play a land, for any reason, if the number of lands the player can play this turn is equal to or less than the number of lands they have already played this turn. Ignore any part of an effect that instructs a player to do so.
-305.3. A player canâ€™t play a land, for any reason, if it isnâ€™t his or her turn. Ignore any part of an effect that instructs a player to do so.
+305.3. A player can’t play a land, for any reason, if it isn’t their turn. Ignore any part of an effect that instructs a player to do so.
-305.4. Effects may also allow players to â€œputâ€ lands onto the battlefield. This isnâ€™t the same as â€œplaying a landâ€ and doesnâ€™t count as a land played during the current turn.
+305.4. Effects may also allow players to “put” lands onto the battlefield. This isn’t the same as “playing a land” and doesn’t count as a land played during the current turn.
 305.5. Land subtypes are always a single word and are listed after a long dash. Land subtypes are also called land types. Lands may have multiple subtypes. See rule 205.3i for the complete list of land types.
-Example: â€œBasic Land â€” Mountainâ€ means the card is a land with the subtype Mountain.
+Example: “Basic Land — Mountain” means the card is a land with the subtype Mountain.
-305.6. The basic land types are Plains, Island, Swamp, Mountain, and Forest. If an object uses the words â€œbasic land type,â€ itâ€™s referring to one of these subtypes. A land with a basic land type has the intrinsic ability â€œ{T}: Add [mana symbol] to your mana pool,â€ even if the text box doesnâ€™t actually contain that text or the object has no text box. For Plains, [mana symbol] is {W}; for Islands, {U}; for Swamps, {B}; for Mountains, {R}; and for Forests, {G}. See rule 107.4a. See also rule 605, â€œMana Abilities.â€
+305.6. The basic land types are Plains, Island, Swamp, Mountain, and Forest. If an object uses the words “basic land type,” it’s referring to one of these subtypes. A land with a basic land type has the intrinsic ability “{T}: Add [mana symbol],” even if the text box doesn’t actually contain that text or the object has no text box. For Plains, [mana symbol] is {W}; for Islands, {U}; for Swamps, {B}; for Mountains, {R}; and for Forests, {G}. See rule 107.4a. See also rule 605, “Mana Abilities.”
-305.7. If an effect sets a landâ€™s subtype to one or more of the basic land types, the land no longer has its old land type. It loses all abilities generated from its rules text, its old land types, and any copy effects affecting that land, and it gains the appropriate mana ability for each new basic land type. Note that this doesnâ€™t remove any abilities that were granted to the land by other effects. Setting a landâ€™s subtype doesnâ€™t add or remove any card types (such as creature) or supertypes (such as basic, legendary, and snow) the land may have. If a land gains one or more land types in addition to its own, it keeps its land types and rules text, and it gains the new land types and mana abilities.
+305.7. If an effect sets a land’s subtype to one or more of the basic land types, the land no longer has its old land type. It loses all abilities generated from its rules text, its old land types, and any copy effects affecting that land, and it gains the appropriate mana ability for each new basic land type. Note that this doesn’t remove any abilities that were granted to the land by other effects. Setting a land’s subtype doesn’t add or remove any card types (such as creature) or supertypes (such as basic, legendary, and snow) the land may have. If a land gains one or more land types in addition to its own, it keeps its land types and rules text, and it gains the new land types and mana abilities.
-305.8. Any land with the supertype â€œbasicâ€ is a basic land. Any land that doesnâ€™t have this supertype is a nonbasic land, even if it has a basic land type.
+305.8. Any land with the supertype “basic” is a basic land. Any land that doesn’t have this supertype is a nonbasic land, even if it has a basic land type.
-305.9. If an object is both a land and another card type, it can be played only as a land. It canâ€™t be cast as a spell.
+305.9. If an object is both a land and another card type, it can be played only as a land. It can’t be cast as a spell.
 306. Planeswalkers
-306.1. A player who has priority may cast a planeswalker card from his or her hand during a main phase of his or her turn when the stack is empty. Casting a planeswalker as a spell uses the stack. (See rule 601, â€œCasting Spells.â€)
+306.1. A player who has priority may cast a planeswalker card from their hand during a main phase of their turn when the stack is empty. Casting a planeswalker as a spell uses the stack. (See rule 601, “Casting Spells.”)
-306.2. When a planeswalker spell resolves, its controller puts it onto the battlefield under his or her control.
+306.2. When a planeswalker spell resolves, its controller puts it onto the battlefield under their control.
-306.3. Planeswalker subtypes are always a single word and are listed after a long dash: â€œPlaneswalker â€” Jace.â€ Each word after the dash is a separate subtype. Planeswalker subtypes are also called planeswalker types. Planeswalkers may have multiple subtypes. See rule 205.3j for the complete list of planeswalker types.
+306.3. Planeswalker subtypes are always a single word and are listed after a long dash: “Planeswalker — Jace.” Each word after the dash is a separate subtype. Planeswalker subtypes are also called planeswalker types. Planeswalkers may have multiple subtypes. See rule 205.3j for the complete list of planeswalker types.
-306.4. Previously, planeswalkers were subject to a â€œplaneswalker uniqueness ruleâ€ that stopped a player from controlling two planeswalkers of the same planeswalker type. This rule has been removed and planeswalker cards printed before this change have received errata in the Oracle card reference to have the legendary supertype. Like other legendary permanents, they are subject to the â€œlegend ruleâ€ (see rule 704.5j).
+306.4. Previously, planeswalkers were subject to a “planeswalker uniqueness rule” that stopped a player from controlling two planeswalkers of the same planeswalker type. This rule has been removed and planeswalker cards printed before this change have received errata in the Oracle card reference to have the legendary supertype. Like other legendary permanents, they are subject to the “legend rule” (see rule 704.5j).
 306.5. Loyalty is a characteristic only planeswalkers have.
 306.5a The loyalty of a planeswalker card not on the battlefield is equal to the number printed in its lower right corner.
-306.5b A planeswalker is treated as if its text box included, â€œThis permanent enters the battlefield with a number of loyalty counters on it equal to its printed loyalty number.â€ This ability creates a replacement effect (see rule 614.1c).
+306.5b A planeswalker is treated as if its text box included, “This permanent enters the battlefield with a number of loyalty counters on it equal to its printed loyalty number.” This ability creates a replacement effect (see rule 614.1c).
 306.5c The loyalty of a planeswalker on the battlefield is equal to the number of loyalty counters on it.
-306.5d Each planeswalker has a number of loyalty abilities, which are activated abilities with loyalty symbols in their costs. Loyalty abilities follow special rules: A player may activate a loyalty ability of a permanent he or she controls any time he or she has priority and the stack is empty during a main phase of his or her turn, but only if none of that permanentâ€™s loyalty abilities have been activated that turn. See rule 606, â€œLoyalty Abilities.â€
+306.5d Each planeswalker has a number of loyalty abilities, which are activated abilities with loyalty symbols in their costs. Loyalty abilities follow special rules: A player may activate a loyalty ability of a permanent they control any time they have priority and the stack is empty during a main phase of their turn, but only if none of that permanent’s loyalty abilities have been activated that turn. See rule 606, “Loyalty Abilities.”
-306.6. Planeswalkers can be attacked. (See rule 508, â€œDeclare Attackers Step.â€)
+306.6. Planeswalkers can be attacked. (See rule 508, “Declare Attackers Step.”)
-306.7. If noncombat damage would be dealt to a player by a source controlled by an opponent, that opponent may have that source deal that damage to a planeswalker the first player controls instead. This is a redirection effect (see rule 614.9) and is subject to the normal rules for ordering replacement effects (see rule 616). The opponent chooses whether to redirect the damage as the redirection effect is applied.
+306.7. Previously, planeswalkers were subject to a redirection effect that allowed a player to have noncombat damage that would be dealt to an opponent be dealt to a planeswalker under that opponent’s control instead. This rule has been removed and certain cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference to deal damage directly to planeswalkers.
 306.8. Damage dealt to a planeswalker results in that many loyalty counters being removed from it.
-306.9. If a planeswalkerâ€™s loyalty is 0, itâ€™s put into its ownerâ€™s graveyard. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
+306.9. If a planeswalker’s loyalty is 0, it’s put into its owner’s graveyard. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
 307. Sorceries
-307.1. A player who has priority may cast a sorcery card from his or her hand during a main phase of his or her turn when the stack is empty. Casting a sorcery as a spell uses the stack. (See rule 601, â€œCasting Spells.â€)
+307.1. A player who has priority may cast a sorcery card from their hand during a main phase of their turn when the stack is empty. Casting a sorcery as a spell uses the stack. (See rule 601, “Casting Spells.”)
-307.2. When a sorcery spell resolves, the actions stated in its rules text are followed. Then itâ€™s put into its ownerâ€™s graveyard.
+307.2. When a sorcery spell resolves, the actions stated in its rules text are followed. Then it’s put into its owner’s graveyard.
-307.3. Sorcery subtypes are always a single word and are listed after a long dash: â€œSorcery â€” Arcane.â€ Each word after the dash is a separate subtype. The set of sorcery subtypes is the same as the set of instant subtypes; these subtypes are called spell types. Sorceries may have multiple subtypes. See rule 205.3k for the complete list of spell types.
+307.3. Sorcery subtypes are always a single word and are listed after a long dash: “Sorcery — Arcane.” Each word after the dash is a separate subtype. The set of sorcery subtypes is the same as the set of instant subtypes; these subtypes are called spell types. Sorceries may have multiple subtypes. See rule 205.3k for the complete list of spell types.
-307.4. Sorceries canâ€™t enter the battlefield. If a sorcery would enter the battlefield, it remains in its previous zone instead.
+307.4. Sorceries can’t enter the battlefield. If a sorcery would enter the battlefield, it remains in its previous zone instead.
-307.5. If a spell, ability, or effect states that a player can do something only â€œany time he or she could cast a sorcery,â€ it means only that the player must have priority, it must be during the main phase of his or her turn, and the stack must be empty. The player doesnâ€™t need to have a sorcery he or she could actually cast. Effects that would preclude that player from casting a spell or casting a sorcery donâ€™t affect the playerâ€™s capability to perform that action (unless the action is actually casting a spell or casting a sorcery).
+307.5. If a spell, ability, or effect states that a player can do something only “any time they could cast a sorcery,” it means only that the player must have priority, it must be during the main phase of their turn, and the stack must be empty. The player doesn’t need to have a sorcery they could cast. Effects that would preclude that player from casting a spell or casting a sorcery don’t affect the player’s capability to perform that action (unless the action is actually casting a spell or casting a sorcery).
-307.5a Similarly, if an effect checks to see if a spell was cast â€œany time a sorcery couldnâ€™t have been cast,â€ itâ€™s checking only whether the spellâ€™s controller cast it without having priority, during a phase other than his or her main phase, or while another object was on the stack.
+307.5a Similarly, if an effect checks to see if a spell was cast “any time a sorcery couldn’t have been cast,” it’s checking only whether the spell’s controller cast it without having priority, during a phase other than their main phase, or while another object was on the stack.
 308. Tribals
 308.1. Each tribal card has another card type. Casting and resolving a tribal card follows the rules for casting and resolving a card of the other card type.
-308.2. Tribal subtypes are always a single word and are listed after a long dash: â€œTribal Enchantment â€” Merfolk.â€ The set of tribal subtypes is the same as the set of creature subtypes; these subtypes are called creature types. Tribals may have multiple subtypes. See rule 205.3m for the complete list of creature types.
+308.2. Tribal subtypes are always a single word and are listed after a long dash: “Tribal Enchantment — Merfolk.” The set of tribal subtypes is the same as the set of creature subtypes; these subtypes are called creature types. Tribals may have multiple subtypes. See rule 205.3m for the complete list of creature types.
 309. Planes
-309.1. Plane is a card type seen only on nontraditional Magic cards. Only the Planechase casual variant uses plane cards. See rule 901, â€œPlanechase.â€
+309.1. Plane is a card type seen only on nontraditional Magic cards. Only the Planechase casual variant uses plane cards. See rule 901, “Planechase.”
-309.2. Plane cards remain in the command zone throughout the game, both while theyâ€™re part of a planar deck and while theyâ€™re face up. Theyâ€™re not permanents. They canâ€™t be cast. If a plane card would leave the command zone, it remains in the command zone.
+309.2. Plane cards remain in the command zone throughout the game, both while they’re part of a planar deck and while they’re face up. They’re not permanents. They can’t be cast. If a plane card would leave the command zone, it remains in the command zone.
-309.3. Plane subtypes are listed after a long dash, and may be multiple words: â€œPlane â€” Serraâ€™s Realm.â€ All words after the dash are, collectively, a single subtype. Planar subtypes are called planar types. A plane can have only one subtype. See rule 205.3n for the complete list of planar types.
+309.3. Plane subtypes are listed after a long dash, and may be multiple words: “Plane — Serra’s Realm.” All words after the dash are, collectively, a single subtype. Planar subtypes are called planar types. A plane can have only one subtype. See rule 205.3n for the complete list of planar types.
 309.4. A plane card may have any number of static, triggered, and/or activated abilities. As long as a plane card is face up in the command zone, its static abilities affect the game, its triggered abilities may trigger, and its activated abilities may be activated.
-309.5. The controller of a face-up plane card is the player designated as the planar controller. Normally, the planar controller is whoever the active player is. However, if the current planar controller would leave the game, instead the next player in turn order that wouldnâ€™t leave the game becomes the planar controller, then the old planar controller leaves the game. The new planar controller retains that designation until he or she leaves the game or a different player becomes the active player, whichever comes first.
+309.5. The controller of a face-up plane card is the player designated as the planar controller. Normally, the planar controller is whoever the active player is. However, if the current planar controller would leave the game, instead the next player in turn order that wouldn’t leave the game becomes the planar controller, then the old planar controller leaves the game. The new planar controller retains that designation until they leave the game or a different player becomes the active player, whichever comes first.
-309.6. A face-up plane card thatâ€™s turned face down becomes a new object.
+309.6. A face-up plane card that’s turned face down becomes a new object.
-309.7. Each plane card has a triggered ability that triggers â€œWhenever you roll {CHAOS}.â€ These are called â€œchaos abilities.â€ Each one is indicated by a {CHAOS} to its left, though the symbol itself has no special rules meaning.
+309.7. Each plane card has a triggered ability that triggers “Whenever you roll {CHAOS}.” These are called “chaos abilities.” Each one is indicated by a {CHAOS} to its left, though the symbol itself has no special rules meaning.
 310. Phenomena
-310.1. Phenomenon is a card type seen only on nontraditional Magic cards. Only the Planechase casual variant uses phenomenon cards. See rule 901, â€œPlanechase.â€
+310.1. Phenomenon is a card type seen only on nontraditional Magic cards. Only the Planechase casual variant uses phenomenon cards. See rule 901, “Planechase.”
-310.2. Phenomenon cards remain in the command zone throughout the game, both while theyâ€™re part of a planar deck and while theyâ€™re face up. Theyâ€™re not permanents. They canâ€™t be cast. If a phenomenon card would leave the command zone, it remains in the command zone.
+310.2. Phenomenon cards remain in the command zone throughout the game, both while they’re part of a planar deck and while they’re face up. They’re not permanents. They can’t be cast. If a phenomenon card would leave the command zone, it remains in the command zone.
 310.3. Phenomenon cards have no subtypes.
-310.4. The controller of a face-up phenomenon card is the player designated as the planar controller. Normally, the planar controller is whoever the active player is. However, if the current planar controller would leave the game, instead the next player in turn order that wouldnâ€™t leave the game becomes the planar controller, then the old planar controller leaves the game. The new planar controller retains that designation until he or she leaves the game or a different player becomes the active player, whichever comes first.
+310.4. The controller of a face-up phenomenon card is the player designated as the planar controller. Normally, the planar controller is whoever the active player is. However, if the current planar controller would leave the game, instead the next player in turn order that wouldn’t leave the game becomes the planar controller, then the old planar controller leaves the game. The new planar controller retains that designation until they leave the game or a different player becomes the active player, whichever comes first.
-310.5. Each phenomenon card has a triggered ability that triggers when you encounter it. â€œWhen you encounter [this phenomenon]â€ means â€œWhen you move this card off a planar deck and turn it face up.â€
+310.5. Each phenomenon card has a triggered ability that triggers when you encounter it. “When you encounter [this phenomenon]” means “When you move this card off a planar deck and turn it face up.”
-310.6. A face-up phenomenon card thatâ€™s turned face down becomes a new object.
+310.6. A face-up phenomenon card that’s turned face down becomes a new object.
-310.7. If a phenomenon card is face up in the command zone, and it isnâ€™t the source of a triggered ability that has triggered but not yet left the stack, the planar controller planeswalks the next time a player would receive priority. (This is a state-based action; see rule 704. See also rule 701.22, â€œPlaneswalk.â€)
+310.7. If a phenomenon card is face up in the command zone, and it isn’t the source of a triggered ability that has triggered but not yet left the stack, the planar controller planeswalks the next time a player would receive priority. (This is a state-based action; see rule 704. See also rule 701.23, “Planeswalk.”)
 311. Vanguards
-311.1. Vanguard is a card type seen only on nontraditional Magic cards. Only the Vanguard casual variant uses vanguard cards. See rule 902, â€œVanguard.â€
+311.1. Vanguard is a card type seen only on nontraditional Magic cards. Only the Vanguard casual variant uses vanguard cards. See rule 902, “Vanguard.”
-311.2. Vanguard cards remain in the command zone throughout the game. Theyâ€™re not permanents. They canâ€™t be cast. If a vanguard card would leave the command zone, it remains in the command zone.
+311.2. Vanguard cards remain in the command zone throughout the game. They’re not permanents. They can’t be cast. If a vanguard card would leave the command zone, it remains in the command zone.
 311.3. Vanguard cards have no subtypes.
 311.4. A vanguard card may have any number of static, triggered, and/or activated abilities. As long as a vanguard card is in the command zone, its static abilities affect the game, its triggered abilities may trigger, and its activated abilities may be activated.
 311.5. The owner of a vanguard card is the player who started the game with it in the command zone. The controller of a face-up vanguard card is its owner.
-311.6. Each vanguard card has a hand modifier printed in its lower left corner. This is a number preceded by a plus sign, a number preceded by a minus sign, or a zero. This modifier is applied to the starting hand size and maximum hand size of the vanguard cardâ€™s owner (normally seven). The resulting number is both how many cards that player draws at the beginning of the game and his or her maximum hand size.
+311.6. Each vanguard card has a hand modifier printed in its lower left corner. This is a number preceded by a plus sign, a number preceded by a minus sign, or a zero. This modifier is applied to the starting hand size and maximum hand size of the vanguard card’s owner (normally seven). The resulting number is both how many cards that player draws at the beginning of the game and their maximum hand size.
-311.7. Each vanguard card has a life modifier printed in its lower right corner. This is a number preceded by a plus sign, a number preceded by a minus sign, or a zero. This modifier is applied as the starting life total of the vanguard cardâ€™s owner (normally 20) to is determined. See rule 103.3.
+311.7. Each vanguard card has a life modifier printed in its lower right corner. This is a number preceded by a plus sign, a number preceded by a minus sign, or a zero. This modifier is applied as the starting life total of the vanguard card’s owner (normally 20) to is determined. See rule 103.3.
 312. Schemes
-312.1. Scheme is a card type seen only on nontraditional Magic cards. Only the Archenemy casual variant uses scheme cards. See rule 904, â€œArchenemy.â€
+312.1. Scheme is a card type seen only on nontraditional Magic cards. Only the Archenemy casual variant uses scheme cards. See rule 904, “Archenemy.”
-312.2. Scheme cards remain in the command zone throughout the game, both while theyâ€™re part of a scheme deck and while theyâ€™re face up. Theyâ€™re not permanents. They canâ€™t be cast. If a scheme card would leave the command zone, it remains in the command zone.
+312.2. Scheme cards remain in the command zone throughout the game, both while they’re part of a scheme deck and while they’re face up. They’re not permanents. They can’t be cast. If a scheme card would leave the command zone, it remains in the command zone.
 312.3. Scheme cards have no subtypes.
 312.4. A scheme card may have any number of static, triggered, and/or activated abilities. As long as a scheme card is face up in the command zone, its static abilities affect the game, its triggered abilities may trigger, and its activated abilities may be activated.
 312.5. The owner of a scheme card is the player who started the game with it in the command zone. The controller of a face-up scheme card is its owner.
-312.6. If a non-ongoing scheme card is face up in the command zone, and no triggered abilities of any scheme are on the stack or waiting to be put on the stack, that scheme card is turned face down and put on the bottom of its ownerâ€™s scheme deck the next time a player would receive priority. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
+312.6. If a non-ongoing scheme card is face up in the command zone, and no triggered abilities of any scheme are on the stack or waiting to be put on the stack, that scheme card is turned face down and put on the bottom of its owner’s scheme deck the next time a player would receive priority. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
-312.7. If an ability of a scheme card includes the text â€œthis scheme,â€ it means the scheme card in the command zone thatâ€™s the source of that ability. This is an exception to rule 109.2.
+312.7. If an ability of a scheme card includes the text “this scheme,” it means the scheme card in the command zone that’s the source of that ability. This is an exception to rule 109.2.
 313. Conspiracies
-313.1. Conspiracy cards are used only in limited play, particularly in the Conspiracy Draft variant (see rule 905). Conspiracy cards arenâ€™t used in constructed play.
+313.1. Conspiracy cards are used only in limited play, particularly in the Conspiracy Draft variant (see rule 905). Conspiracy cards aren’t used in constructed play.
-313.2. At the start of a game, before decks are shuffled, each player may put any number of conspiracy cards from his or her sideboard into the command zone. Conspiracy cards with hidden agenda are put into the command zone face down. (See rule 702.105, â€œHidden Agenda.â€)
+313.2. At the start of a game, before decks are shuffled, each player may put any number of conspiracy cards from their sideboard into the command zone. Conspiracy cards with hidden agenda are put into the command zone face down. (See rule 702.105, “Hidden Agenda.”)
-313.3. Conspiracy cards remain in the command zone throughout the game. Theyâ€™re not permanents. They canâ€™t be cast or included in a deck. If a conspiracy card would leave the command zone, it remains in the command zone. Conspiracy cards that arenâ€™t in the game canâ€™t be brought into the game.
+313.3. Conspiracy cards remain in the command zone throughout the game. They’re not permanents. They can’t be cast or included in a deck. If a conspiracy card would leave the command zone, it remains in the command zone. Conspiracy cards that aren’t in the game can’t be brought into the game.
 313.4. Conspiracy cards have no subtypes.
 313.5. Conspiracy cards may have any number of static or triggered abilities. As long as a conspiracy card is face up in the command zone, its static abilities affect the game, and its triggered abilities may trigger.
 313.5b Face-down conspiracy cards have no characteristics.
 313.6. The owner of a conspiracy card is the player who put it into the command zone at the start of the game. The controller of a conspiracy card is its owner.
-313.7. At any time, you may look at a face-down conspiracy card you control. You canâ€™t look at face-down conspiracy cards controlled by other players.
+313.7. At any time, you may look at a face-down conspiracy card you control. You can’t look at face-down conspiracy cards controlled by other players.
 4. Zones
 400. General
-400.1. A zone is a place where objects can be during a game. There are normally seven zones: library, hand, battlefield, graveyard, stack, exile, and command. Some older cards also use the ante zone. Each player has his or her own library, hand, and graveyard. The other zones are shared by all players.
+400.1. A zone is a place where objects can be during a game. There are normally seven zones: library, hand, battlefield, graveyard, stack, exile, and command. Some older cards also use the ante zone. Each player has their own library, hand, and graveyard. The other zones are shared by all players.
-400.2. Public zones are zones in which all players can see the cardsâ€™ faces, except for those cards that some rule or effect specifically allow to be face down. Graveyard, battlefield, stack, exile, ante, and command are public zones. Hidden zones are zones in which not all players can be expected to see the cardsâ€™ faces. Library and hand are hidden zones, even if all the cards in one such zone happen to be revealed.
+400.2. Public zones are zones in which all players can see the cards’ faces, except for those cards that some rule or effect specifically allow to be face down. Graveyard, battlefield, stack, exile, ante, and command are public zones. Hidden zones are zones in which not all players can be expected to see the cards’ faces. Library and hand are hidden zones, even if all the cards in one such zone happen to be revealed.
-400.3. If an object would go to any library, graveyard, or hand other than its ownerâ€™s, it goes to its ownerâ€™s corresponding zone.
+400.3. If an object would go to any library, graveyard, or hand other than its owner’s, it goes to its owner’s corresponding zone.
-400.4. Cards with certain card types canâ€™t enter certain zones.
+400.4. Cards with certain card types can’t enter certain zones.
 400.4a If an instant or sorcery card would enter the battlefield, it remains in its previous zone.
 400.4b If a conspiracy, phenomenon, plane, scheme, or vanguard card would leave the command zone, it remains in the command zone.
-400.5. The order of objects in a library, in a graveyard, or on the stack canâ€™t be changed except when effects or rules allow it. The same is true for objects arranged in face-down piles in other zones. Other objects in other zones can be arranged however their owners wish, although who controls those objects, whether theyâ€™re tapped or flipped, and what other objects are attached to them must remain clear to all players.
+400.5. The order of objects in a library, in a graveyard, or on the stack can’t be changed except when effects or rules allow it. The same is true for objects arranged in face-down piles in other zones. Other objects in other zones can be arranged however their owners wish, although who controls those objects, whether they’re tapped or flipped, and what other objects are attached to them must remain clear to all players.
-400.6. If an object would move from one zone to another, determine what event is moving the object. If the object is moving to a public zone and its owner will be able to look at it in that zone, its owner looks at it to see if it has any abilities that would affect the move. If the object is moving to the battlefield, each other player who will be able to look at it in that zone does so. Then any appropriate replacement effects, whether they come from that object or from elsewhere, are applied to that event. If any effects or rules try to do two or more contradictory or mutually exclusive things to a particular object, that objectâ€™s controllerâ€”or its owner if it has no controllerâ€”chooses which effect to apply, and what that effect does. (Note that multiple instances of the same thing may be mutually exclusive; for example, two simultaneous â€œdestroyâ€ effects.) Then the event moves the object.
+400.6. If an object would move from one zone to another, determine what event is moving the object. If the object is moving to a public zone and its owner will be able to look at it in that zone, its owner looks at it to see if it has any abilities that would affect the move. If the object is moving to the battlefield, each other player who will be able to look at it in that zone does so. Then any appropriate replacement effects, whether they come from that object or from elsewhere, are applied to that event. If any effects or rules try to do two or more contradictory or mutually exclusive things to a particular object, that object’s controller—or its owner if it has no controller—chooses which effect to apply, and what that effect does. (Note that multiple instances of the same thing may be mutually exclusive; for example, two simultaneous “destroy” effects.) Then the event moves the object.
-Example: Exquisite Archangel has an ability which reads â€œIf you would lose the game, instead exile Exquisite Archangel and your life total becomes equal to your starting life total.â€ A spell deals 5 damage to a player with 5 life and 5 damage to an Exquisite Archangel under that playerâ€™s control. As state-based actions are performed, that playerâ€™s life total becomes equal to his or her starting life total, and that player chooses whether Exquisite Archangel moves to its ownerâ€™s graveyard or to exile.
+Example: Exquisite Archangel has an ability which reads “If you would lose the game, instead exile Exquisite Archangel and your life total becomes equal to your starting life total.” A spell deals 5 damage to a player with 5 life and 5 damage to an Exquisite Archangel under that player’s control. As state-based actions are performed, that player’s life total becomes equal to their starting life total, and that player chooses whether Exquisite Archangel moves to its owner’s graveyard or to exile.
 400.7. An object that moves from one zone to another becomes a new object with no memory of, or relation to, its previous existence. There are nine exceptions to this rule:
 400.7a Effects from spells, activated abilities, and triggered abilities that change the characteristics of a permanent spell on the stack continue to apply to the permanent that spell becomes.
 400.7b Prevention effects that apply to damage from a permanent spell on the stack continue to apply to damage from the permanent that spell becomes.
-400.7c If an ability of a permanent requires information about choices made as that permanent was cast as a spell, including what mana was spent to cast that spell, it uses information about the spell that became that permanent as it resolved.
+400.7c An ability of a permanent can reference information about the spell that became that permanent, including what costs were paid to cast that spell or what mana was spent to pay those costs.
-400.7d Abilities that trigger when an object moves from one zone to another (for example, â€œWhen Rancor is put into a graveyard from the battlefieldâ€) can find the new object that it became in the zone it moved to when the ability triggered, if that zone is a public zone.
+400.7d Abilities that trigger when an object moves from one zone to another (for example, “When Rancor is put into a graveyard from the battlefield”) can find the new object that it became in the zone it moved to when the ability triggered, if that zone is a public zone.
-400.7e Abilities of Auras that trigger when the enchanted permanent leaves the battlefield can find the new object that Aura became in its ownerâ€™s graveyard if it was put into that graveyard at the same time the enchanted permanent left the battlefield. It can also find the new object that Aura became in its ownerâ€™s graveyard as a result of being put there as a state-based action for not being attached to a permanent. (See rule 704.5m.)
+400.7e Abilities of Auras that trigger when the enchanted permanent leaves the battlefield can find the new object that Aura became in its owner’s graveyard if it was put into that graveyard at the same time the enchanted permanent left the battlefield. It can also find the new object that Aura became in its owner’s graveyard as a result of being put there as a state-based action for not being attached to a permanent. (See rule 704.5m.)
 400.7f If an effect grants a nonland card an ability that allows it to be cast, that ability will continue to apply to the new object that card became after it moved to the stack as a result of being cast this way.
 400.7g If an effect allows a nonland card to be cast, other parts of that effect can find the new object that card becomes after it moves to the stack as a result of being cast this way.
-400.7h If an effect causes an object to move to a public zone, other parts of that effect can find that object. If the cost of a spell or ability causes an object to move to a public zone, that spell or abilityâ€™s effects can find that object.
+400.7h If an effect causes an object to move to a public zone, other parts of that effect can find that object. If the cost of a spell or ability causes an object to move to a public zone, that spell or ability’s effects can find that object.
-400.7i After resolving a madness triggered ability (see rule 702.34), if the exiled card wasnâ€™t cast and was moved to a public zone, effects referencing the discarded card can find that object.
+400.7i After resolving a madness triggered ability (see rule 702.34), if the exiled card wasn’t cast and was moved to a public zone, effects referencing the discarded card can find that object.
-400.8. If an object in the exile zone is exiled, it doesnâ€™t change zones, but it becomes a new object that has just been exiled.
+400.8. If an object in the exile zone is exiled, it doesn’t change zones, but it becomes a new object that has just been exiled.
 400.9. If a face-up object in the command zone is turned face down, it becomes a new object.
-400.10. An object is outside the game if it isnâ€™t in any of the gameâ€™s zones. Outside the game is not a zone.
+400.10. An object is outside the game if it isn’t in any of the game’s zones. Outside the game is not a zone.
-400.10a Cards in a playerâ€™s sideboard are outside the game. See rule 100.4.
+400.10a Cards in a player’s sideboard are outside the game. See rule 100.4.
 400.10b Some effects bring cards into a game from outside of it. Those cards remain in the game until it ends.
-400.10c Cards outside the game canâ€™t be affected by spells or abilities, except for characteristic-defining abilities printed on them (see rule 604.3) and spells and abilities that allow those cards to be brought into the game.
+400.10c Cards outside the game can’t be affected by spells or abilities, except for characteristic-defining abilities printed on them (see rule 604.3) and spells and abilities that allow those cards to be brought into the game.
-400.11. Some effects instruct a player to do something to a zone (such as â€œShuffle your hand into your libraryâ€). That action is performed on all cards in that zone. The zone itself is not affected.
+400.11. Some effects instruct a player to do something to a zone (such as “Shuffle your hand into your library”). That action is performed on all cards in that zone. The zone itself is not affected.
 401. Library
-401.1. When a game begins, each playerâ€™s deck becomes his or her library.
+401.1. When a game begins, each player’s deck becomes their library.
-401.2. Each library must be kept in a single face-down pile. Players canâ€™t look at or change the order of cards in a library.
+401.2. Each library must be kept in a single face-down pile. Players can’t look at or change the order of cards in a library.
-401.3. Any player may count the number of cards remaining in any playerâ€™s library at any time.
+401.3. Any player may count the number of cards remaining in any player’s library at any time.
-401.4. If an effect puts two or more cards in a specific position in a library at the same time, the owner of those cards may arrange them in any order. That libraryâ€™s owner doesnâ€™t reveal the order in which the cards go into his or her library.
+401.4. If an effect puts two or more cards in a specific position in a library at the same time, the owner of those cards may arrange them in any order. That library’s owner doesn’t reveal the order in which the cards go into the library.
-401.5. Some effects tell a player to play with the top card of his or her library revealed, or say that a player may look at the top card of his or her library. If the top card of the playerâ€™s library changes while a spell is being cast, the new top card wonâ€™t be revealed and canâ€™t be looked at until the spell becomes cast (see rule 601.2i). The same is true with relation to an ability being activated.
+401.5. Some effects tell a player to play with the top card of their library revealed, or say that a player may look at the top card of their library. If the top card of the player’s library changes while a spell is being cast, the new top card won’t be revealed and can’t be looked at until the spell becomes cast (see rule 601.2i). The same is true with relation to an ability being activated.
-401.6. If an effect causes a player to play with the top card of his or her library revealed, and that particular card stops being revealed for any length of time before being revealed again, it becomes a new object.
+401.6. If an effect causes a player to play with the top card of their library revealed, and that particular card stops being revealed for any length of time before being revealed again, it becomes a new object.
-401.7. If an effect causes a player to put a card into a library â€œNth from the top,â€ and that library has fewer than N cards in it, the player puts that card on the bottom of that library.
+401.7. If an effect causes a player to put a card into a library “Nth from the top,” and that library has fewer than N cards in it, the player puts that card on the bottom of that library.
 402. Hand
-402.1. The hand is where a player holds cards that have been drawn. Cards can be put into a playerâ€™s hand by other effects as well. At the beginning of the game, each player draws a number of cards equal to that playerâ€™s starting hand size, normally seven. (See rule 103, â€œStarting the Game.â€)
+402.1. The hand is where a player holds cards that have been drawn. Cards can be put into a player’s hand by other effects as well. At the beginning of the game, each player draws a number of cards equal to that player’s starting hand size, normally seven. (See rule 103, “Starting the Game.”)
-402.2. Each player has a maximum hand size, which is normally seven cards. A player may have any number of cards in his or her hand, but as part of his or her cleanup step, the player must discard excess cards down to the maximum hand size.
+402.2. Each player has a maximum hand size, which is normally seven cards. A player may have any number of cards in their hand, but as part of their cleanup step, the player must discard excess cards down to the maximum hand size.
-402.3. A player may arrange his or her hand in any convenient fashion and look at it as much as he or she wishes. A player canâ€™t look at the cards in another playerâ€™s hand but may count those cards at any time.
+402.3. A player may arrange their hand in any convenient fashion and look at it at any time. A player can’t look at the cards in another player’s hand but may count those cards at any time.
 403. Battlefield
-403.1. Most of the area between the players represents the battlefield. The battlefield starts out empty. Permanents a player controls are normally kept in front of him or her on the battlefield, though there are some cases (such as an Aura attached to another playerâ€™s permanent) when a permanent one player controls is kept closer to a different player.
+403.1. Most of the area between the players represents the battlefield. The battlefield starts out empty. Permanents a player controls are normally kept in front of them on the battlefield, though there are some cases (such as an Aura attached to another player’s permanent) when a permanent one player controls is kept closer to a different player.
 403.2. A spell or ability affects and checks only the battlefield unless it specifically mentions a player or another zone.
-403.3. Permanents exist only on the battlefield. Every object on the battlefield is a permanent. See rule 110, â€œPermanents.â€
+403.3. Permanents exist only on the battlefield. Every object on the battlefield is a permanent. See rule 110, “Permanents.”
 403.4. Whenever a permanent enters the battlefield, it becomes a new object and has no relationship to any previous permanent represented by the same card, except for the cases listed in rule 400.7. (This is also true for any objects entering any zone.)
-403.5. Previously, the battlefield was called the â€œin-play zone.â€ Cards that were printed with text that contains the phrases â€œin play,â€ â€œfrom play,â€ â€œinto play,â€ or the like are referring to the battlefield. Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference.
+403.5. Previously, the battlefield was called the “in-play zone.” Cards that were printed with text that contains the phrases “in play,” “from play,” “into play,” or the like are referring to the battlefield. Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference.
 404. Graveyard
-404.1. A playerâ€™s graveyard is his or her discard pile. Any object thatâ€™s countered, discarded, destroyed, or sacrificed is put on top of its ownerâ€™s graveyard, as is any instant or sorcery spell thatâ€™s finished resolving. Each playerâ€™s graveyard starts out empty.
+404.1. A player’s graveyard is their discard pile. Any object that’s countered, discarded, destroyed, or sacrificed is put on top of its owner’s graveyard, as is any instant or sorcery spell that’s finished resolving. Each player’s graveyard starts out empty.
-404.2. Each graveyard is kept in a single face-up pile. A player can examine the cards in any graveyard at any time but normally canâ€™t change their order. Additional rules applying to sanctioned tournaments may allow a player to change the order of cards in his or her graveyard.
+404.2. Each graveyard is kept in a single face-up pile. A player can examine the cards in any graveyard at any time but normally can’t change their order. Additional rules applying to sanctioned tournaments may allow a player to change the order of cards in their graveyard.
 404.3. If an effect or rule puts two or more cards into the same graveyard at the same time, the owner of those cards may arrange them in any order.
 405. Stack
 405.1. When a spell is cast, the physical card is put on the stack (see rule 601.2a). When an ability is activated or triggers, it goes on top of the stack without any card associated with it (see rules 602.2a and 603.3).
-405.2. The stack keeps track of the order that spells and/or abilities were added to it. Each time an object is put on the stack, itâ€™s put on top of all objects already there.
+405.2. The stack keeps track of the order that spells and/or abilities were added to it. Each time an object is put on the stack, it’s put on top of all objects already there.
-405.3. If an effect puts two or more objects on the stack at the same time, those controlled by the active player are put on lowest, followed by each other playerâ€™s objects in APNAP order (see rule 101.4). If a player controls more than one of these objects, that player chooses their relative order on the stack.
+405.3. If an effect puts two or more objects on the stack at the same time, those controlled by the active player are put on lowest, followed by each other player’s objects in APNAP order (see rule 101.4). If a player controls more than one of these objects, that player chooses their relative order on the stack.
-405.4. Each spell has all the characteristics of the card associated with it. Each activated or triggered ability thatâ€™s on the stack has the text of the ability that created it and no other characteristics. The controller of a spell is the person who cast it. The controller of an activated ability is the player who activated it. The controller of a triggered ability is the player who controlled the abilityâ€™s source when it triggered, unless itâ€™s a delayed triggered ability. To determine the controller of a delayed triggered ability, see rules 603.7dâ€“f.
+405.4. Each spell has all the characteristics of the card associated with it. Each activated or triggered ability that’s on the stack has the text of the ability that created it and no other characteristics. The controller of a spell is the person who cast it. The controller of an activated ability is the player who activated it. The controller of a triggered ability is the player who controlled the ability’s source when it triggered, unless it’s a delayed triggered ability. To determine the controller of a delayed triggered ability, see rules 603.7d–f.
 405.5. When all players pass in succession, the top (last-added) spell or ability on the stack resolves. If the stack is empty when all players pass, the current step or phase ends and the next begins.
-405.6. Some things that happen during the game donâ€™t use the stack.
+405.6. Some things that happen during the game don’t use the stack.
-405.6a Effects donâ€™t go on the stack; theyâ€™re the result of spells and abilities resolving. Effects may create delayed triggered abilities, however, and these may go on the stack when they trigger (see rule 603.7).
+405.6a Effects don’t go on the stack; they’re the result of spells and abilities resolving. Effects may create delayed triggered abilities, however, and these may go on the stack when they trigger (see rule 603.7).
-405.6b Static abilities continuously generate effects and donâ€™t go on the stack. (See rule 604, â€œHandling Static Abilities.â€) This includes characteristic-defining abilities such as â€œ[This object] is redâ€ (see rule 604.3).
+405.6b Static abilities continuously generate effects and don’t go on the stack. (See rule 604, “Handling Static Abilities.”) This includes characteristic-defining abilities such as “[This object] is red” (see rule 604.3).
-405.6c Mana abilities resolve immediately. If a mana ability both produces mana and has another effect, the mana is produced and the other effect happens immediately. If a player had priority before a mana ability was activated, that player gets priority after it resolves. (See rule 605, â€œMana Abilities.â€)
+405.6c Mana abilities resolve immediately. If a mana ability both produces mana and has another effect, the mana is produced and the other effect happens immediately. If a player had priority before a mana ability was activated, that player gets priority after it resolves. (See rule 605, “Mana Abilities.”)
-405.6d Special actions donâ€™t use the stack; they happen immediately. See rule 115, â€œSpecial Actions.â€
+405.6d Special actions don’t use the stack; they happen immediately. See rule 115, “Special Actions.”
-405.6e Turn-based actions donâ€™t use the stack; they happen automatically when certain steps or phases begin. Theyâ€™re dealt with before a player would receive priority (see rule 116.3a). Turn-based actions also happen automatically when each step and phase ends; no player receives priority afterward. See rule 703.
+405.6e Turn-based actions don’t use the stack; they happen automatically when certain steps or phases begin. They’re dealt with before a player would receive priority (see rule 116.3a). Turn-based actions also happen automatically when each step and phase ends; no player receives priority afterward. See rule 703.
-405.6f State-based actions donâ€™t use the stack; they happen automatically when certain conditions are met. See rule 704. They are dealt with before a player would receive priority. See rule 116.5.
+405.6f State-based actions don’t use the stack; they happen automatically when certain conditions are met. See rule 704. They are dealt with before a player would receive priority. See rule 116.5.
 405.6g A player may concede the game at any time. That player leaves the game immediately. See rule 104.3a.
 405.6h If a player leaves a multiplayer game, objects may leave the game, cease to exist, change control, or be exiled as a result. These actions happen immediately. See rule 800.4a.
 406. Exile
 406.1. The exile zone is essentially a holding area for objects. Some spells and abilities exile an object without any way to return that object to another zone. Other spells and abilities exile an object only temporarily.
-406.2. To exile an object is to put it into the exile zone from whatever zone itâ€™s currently in. An exiled card is a card thatâ€™s been put into the exile zone.
+406.2. To exile an object is to put it into the exile zone from whatever zone it’s currently in. An exiled card is a card that’s been put into the exile zone.
-406.3. Exiled cards are, by default, kept face up and may be examined by any player at any time. Cards â€œexiled face downâ€ canâ€™t be examined by any player except when instructions allow it. However, once a player is allowed to look at a card exiled face down, that player may continue to look at that card as long as it remains exiled, even if the instruction allowing the player to do so no longer applies. A card exiled face down has no characteristics, but the spell or ability that exiled it may allow it to be played from exile. Unless that card is being cast face down (see rule 707.4), the card is turned face up just before the player announces that he or she is playing the card (see rule 601.2).
+406.3. Exiled cards are, by default, kept face up and may be examined by any player at any time. Cards “exiled face down” can’t be examined by any player except when instructions allow it. However, once a player is allowed to look at a card exiled face down, that player may continue to look at that card as long as it remains exiled, even if the instruction allowing the player to do so no longer applies. A card exiled face down has no characteristics, but the spell or ability that exiled it may allow it to be played from exile. Unless that card is being cast face down (see rule 707.4), the card is turned face up just before the player announces that they are playing the card (see rule 601.2).
-406.4. Face-down cards in exile should be kept in separate piles based on when they were exiled and how they were exiled. If a player is instructed to choose an exiled card, the player may choose a specific face-down card only if the player is allowed to look at that card. Otherwise, he or she may choose a pile of face-down exiled cards, and then a card is chosen at random from within that pile. If choosing such a card is part of casting a spell or activating an ability, the chosen card isnâ€™t revealed until after that cost is fully paid. (See rule 601.2i.)
+406.4. Face-down cards in exile should be kept in separate piles based on when they were exiled and how they were exiled. If a player is instructed to choose an exiled card, the player may choose a specific face-down card only if the player is allowed to look at that card. Otherwise, they may choose a pile of face-down exiled cards, and then a card is chosen at random from within that pile. If choosing such a card is part of casting a spell or activating an ability, the chosen card isn’t revealed until after that cost is fully paid. (See rule 601.2i.)
 406.5. Exiled cards that might return to the battlefield or any other zone should be kept in separate piles to keep track of their respective ways of returning. Exiled cards that may have an impact on the game due to their own abilities (such as cards with haunt) or the abilities of the cards that exiled them should likewise be kept in separate piles.
-406.6. An object may have one ability printed on it that causes one or more cards to be exiled, and another ability that refers either to â€œthe exiled cardsâ€ or to cards â€œexiled with [this object].â€ These abilities are linked: the second refers only to cards that have been exiled due to the first. See rule 607, â€œLinked Abilities.â€
+406.6. An object may have one ability printed on it that causes one or more cards to be exiled, and another ability that refers either to “the exiled cards” or to cards “exiled with [this object].” These abilities are linked: the second refers only to cards that have been exiled due to the first. See rule 607, “Linked Abilities.”
-406.7. If an object in the exile zone becomes exiled, it doesnâ€™t change zones, but it becomes a new object that has just been exiled.
+406.7. If an object in the exile zone becomes exiled, it doesn’t change zones, but it becomes a new object that has just been exiled.
-406.8. Previously, the exile zone was called the â€œremoved-from-the-game zone.â€ Cards that were printed with text that â€œremoves [an object] from the gameâ€ exiles that object. The same is true for cards printed with text that â€œsets [an object] aside.â€ Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference.
+406.8. Previously, the exile zone was called the “removed-from-the-game zone.” Cards that were printed with text that “removes [an object] from the game” exiles that object. The same is true for cards printed with text that “sets [an object] aside.” Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference.
 407. Ante
-407.1. Earlier versions of the Magic rules included an ante rule as a way of playing â€œfor keeps.â€ Playing Magic games for ante is now considered an optional variation on the game, and itâ€™s allowed only where itâ€™s not forbidden by law or by other rules. Playing for ante is strictly forbidden under the Magic: The Gathering Tournament Rules (WPN.Wizards.com/en/resources/rules-documents).
+407.1. Earlier versions of the Magic rules included an ante rule as a way of playing “for keeps.” Playing Magic games for ante is now considered an optional variation on the game, and it’s allowed only where it’s not forbidden by law or by other rules. Playing for ante is strictly forbidden under the Magic: The Gathering Tournament Rules (WPN.Wizards.com/en/resources/rules-documents).
-407.2. When playing for ante, each player puts one random card from his or her deck into the ante zone after determining which player goes first but before players draw any cards. Cards in the ante zone may be examined by any player at any time. At the end of the game, the winner becomes the owner of all the cards in the ante zone.
+407.2. When playing for ante, each player puts one random card from their deck into the ante zone after determining which player goes first but before players draw any cards. Cards in the ante zone may be examined by any player at any time. At the end of the game, the winner becomes the owner of all the cards in the ante zone.
-407.3. A few cards have the text â€œRemove [this card] from your deck before playing if youâ€™re not playing for ante.â€ These are the only cards that can add or remove cards from the ante zone or change a cardâ€™s owner.
+407.3. A few cards have the text “Remove [this card] from your deck before playing if you’re not playing for ante.” These are the only cards that can add or remove cards from the ante zone or change a card’s owner. When not playing for ante, players can’t include these cards in their decks or sideboards, and these cards can’t be brought into the game from outside the game.
-407.4. To ante an object is to put that object into the ante zone from whichever zone itâ€™s currently in. The owner of an object is the only person who can ante that object.
+407.4. To ante an object is to put that object into the ante zone from whichever zone it’s currently in. The owner of an object is the only person who can ante that object.
 408. Command
 408.1. The command zone is a game area reserved for certain specialized objects that have an overarching effect on the game, yet are not permanents and cannot be destroyed.
-408.2. Emblems may be created in the command zone. See rule 113, â€œEmblems.â€
+408.2. Emblems may be created in the command zone. See rule 113, “Emblems.”
-408.3. In the Planechase, Vanguard, Commander, Archenemy, and Conspiracy Draft casual variants, nontraditional Magic cards and/or specially designated cards start the game in the command zone. Each variant has its own rules regarding such cards. See section 9, â€œCasual Variants.â€
+408.3. In the Planechase, Vanguard, Commander, Archenemy, and Conspiracy Draft casual variants, nontraditional Magic cards and/or specially designated cards start the game in the command zone. Each variant has its own rules regarding such cards. See section 9, “Casual Variants.”
 5. Turn Structure
 500. General
 500.1. A turn consists of five phases, in this order: beginning, precombat main, combat, postcombat main, and ending. Each of these phases takes place every turn, even if nothing happens during the phase. The beginning, combat, and ending phases are further broken down into steps, which proceed in order.
-500.2. A phase or step in which players receive priority ends when the stack is empty and all players pass in succession. Simply having the stack become empty doesnâ€™t cause such a phase or step to end; all players have to pass in succession with the stack empty. Because of this, each player gets a chance to add new things to the stack before that phase or step ends.
+500.2. A phase or step in which players receive priority ends when the stack is empty and all players pass in succession. Simply having the stack become empty doesn’t cause such a phase or step to end; all players have to pass in succession with the stack empty. Because of this, each player gets a chance to add new things to the stack before that phase or step ends.
 500.3. A step in which no players receive priority ends when all specified actions that take place during that step are completed. The only such steps are the untap step (see rule 502) and certain cleanup steps (see rule 514).
-500.4. When a step or phase ends, any unused mana left in a playerâ€™s mana pool empties. This turn-based action doesnâ€™t use the stack.
+500.4. When a step or phase ends, any unused mana left in a player’s mana pool empties. This turn-based action doesn’t use the stack.
-500.5. When a phase or step ends, any effects scheduled to last â€œuntil end ofâ€ that phase or step expire. When a phase or step begins, any effects scheduled to last â€œuntilâ€ that phase or step expire. Effects that last â€œuntil end of combatâ€ expire at the end of the combat phase, not at the beginning of the end of combat step. Effects that last â€œuntil end of turnâ€ are subject to special rules; see rule 514.2.
+500.5. When a phase or step ends, any effects scheduled to last “until end of” that phase or step expire. When a phase or step begins, any effects scheduled to last “until” that phase or step expire. Effects that last “until end of combat” expire at the end of the combat phase, not at the beginning of the end of combat step. Effects that last “until end of turn” are subject to special rules; see rule 514.2.
-500.6. When a phase or step begins, any abilities that trigger â€œat the beginning ofâ€ that phase or step trigger. They are put on the stack the next time a player would receive priority. (See rule 116, â€œTiming and Priority.â€)
+500.6. When a phase or step begins, any abilities that trigger “at the beginning of” that phase or step trigger. They are put on the stack the next time a player would receive priority. (See rule 116, “Timing and Priority.”)
 500.7. Some effects can give a player extra turns. They do this by adding the turns directly after the specified turn. If a player is given multiple extra turns, the extra turns are added one at a time. If multiple players are given extra turns, the extra turns are added one at a time, in APNAP order (see rule 101.4). The most recently created turn will be taken first.
 500.8. Some effects can add phases to a turn. They do this by adding the phases directly after the specified phase. If multiple extra phases are created after the same phase, the most recently created phase will occur first.
 500.9. Some effects can add steps to a phase. They do this by adding the steps directly after a specified step or directly before a specified step. If multiple extra steps are created after the same step, the most recently created step will occur first.
-500.10. Some effects can cause a step, phase, or turn to be skipped. To skip a step, phase, or turn is to proceed past it as though it didnâ€™t exist. See rule 614.10.
+500.10. Some effects can cause a step, phase, or turn to be skipped. To skip a step, phase, or turn is to proceed past it as though it didn’t exist. See rule 614.10.
 500.11. No game events can occur between turns, phases, or steps.
 501. Beginning Phase
 501.1. The beginning phase consists of three steps, in this order: untap, upkeep, and draw.
 502. Untap Step
-502.1. First, all phased-in permanents with phasing that the active player controls phase out, and all phased-out permanents that the active player controlled when they phased out phase in. This all happens simultaneously. This turn-based action doesnâ€™t use the stack. See rule 702.25, â€œPhasing.â€
+502.1. First, all phased-in permanents with phasing that the active player controls phase out, and all phased-out permanents that the active player controlled when they phased out phase in. This all happens simultaneously. This turn-based action doesn’t use the stack. See rule 702.25, “Phasing.”
-502.2. Second, the active player determines which permanents he or she controls will untap. Then he or she untaps them all simultaneously. This turn-based action doesnâ€™t use the stack. Normally, all of a playerâ€™s permanents untap, but effects can keep one or more of a playerâ€™s permanents from untapping.
+502.2. Second, the active player determines which permanents they control will untap. Then they untap them all simultaneously. This turn-based action doesn’t use the stack. Normally, all of a player’s permanents untap, but effects can keep one or more of a player’s permanents from untapping.
-502.3. No player receives priority during the untap step, so no spells can be cast or resolve and no abilities can be activated or resolve. Any ability that triggers during this step will be held until the next time a player would receive priority, which is usually during the upkeep step. (See rule 503, â€œUpkeep Step.â€)
+502.3. No player receives priority during the untap step, so no spells can be cast or resolve and no abilities can be activated or resolve. Any ability that triggers during this step will be held until the next time a player would receive priority, which is usually during the upkeep step. (See rule 503, “Upkeep Step.”)
 503. Upkeep Step
-503.1. The upkeep step has no turn-based actions. Once it begins, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, â€œTiming and Priority.â€)
+503.1. The upkeep step has no turn-based actions. Once it begins, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, “Timing and Priority.”)
-503.1a Any abilities that triggered during the untap step and any abilities that triggered at the beginning of the upkeep are put onto the stack before the active player gets priority; the order in which they triggered doesnâ€™t matter. (See rule 603, â€œHandling Triggered Abilities.â€)
+503.1a Any abilities that triggered during the untap step and any abilities that triggered at the beginning of the upkeep are put onto the stack before the active player gets priority; the order in which they triggered doesn’t matter. (See rule 603, “Handling Triggered Abilities.”)
-503.2. If a spell states that it may be cast only â€œafter [a playerâ€™s] upkeep step,â€ and the turn has multiple upkeep steps, that spell may be cast any time after the first upkeep step ends.
+503.2. If a spell states that it may be cast only “after [a player’s] upkeep step,” and the turn has multiple upkeep steps, that spell may be cast any time after the first upkeep step ends.
 504. Draw Step
-504.1. First, the active player draws a card. This turn-based action doesnâ€™t use the stack.
+504.1. First, the active player draws a card. This turn-based action doesn’t use the stack.
-504.2. Second, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, â€œTiming and Priority.â€)
+504.2. Second, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, “Timing and Priority.”)
 505. Main Phase
-505.1. There are two main phases in a turn. In each turn, the first main phase (also known as the precombat main phase) and the second main phase (also known as the postcombat main phase) are separated by the combat phase (see rule 506, â€œCombat Phaseâ€). The precombat and postcombat main phases are individually and collectively known as the main phase.
+505.1. There are two main phases in a turn. In each turn, the first main phase (also known as the precombat main phase) and the second main phase (also known as the postcombat main phase) are separated by the combat phase (see rule 506, “Combat Phase”). The precombat and postcombat main phases are individually and collectively known as the main phase.
 505.1a Only the first main phase of the turn is a precombat main phase. All other main phases are postcombat main phases. This includes the second main phase of a turn in which the combat phase has been skipped. It is also true of a turn in which an effect has caused an additional combat phase and an additional main phase to be created.
 505.2. The main phase has no steps, so a main phase ends when all players pass in succession while the stack is empty. (See rule 500.2.)
-505.3. First, but only if the players are playing an Archenemy game (see rule 904), the active player is the archenemy, and itâ€™s the active playerâ€™s precombat main phase, the active player sets the top card of his or her scheme deck in motion (see rule 701.23). This turn-based action doesnâ€™t use the stack.
+505.3. First, but only if the players are playing an Archenemy game (see rule 904), the active player is the archenemy, and it’s the active player’s precombat main phase, the active player sets the top card of their scheme deck in motion (see rule 701.24). This turn-based action doesn’t use the stack.
-505.4. Second, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, â€œTiming and Priority.â€)
+505.4. Second, if the active player controls one or more Saga enchantments and it’s the active player’s precombat main phase, the active player puts a lore counter on each Saga they control. (See rule 714, “Saga Cards.”) This turn-based action doesn’t use the stack.
-505.4a The main phase is the only phase in which a player can normally cast artifact, creature, enchantment, planeswalker, and sorcery spells. The active player may cast these spells.
+505.5. Third, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, “Timing and Priority.”)
-505.4b During either main phase, the active player may play one land card from his or her hand if the stack is empty, if the player has priority, and if he or she hasnâ€™t played a land this turn (unless an effect states the player may play additional lands). This action doesnâ€™t use the stack. Neither the land nor the action of playing the land is a spell or ability, so it canâ€™t be countered, and players canâ€™t respond to it with instants or activated abilities. (See rule 305, â€œLands.â€)
+505.5a The main phase is the only phase in which a player can normally cast artifact, creature, enchantment, planeswalker, and sorcery spells. The active player may cast these spells.
+505.5b During either main phase, the active player may play one land card from their hand if the stack is empty, if the player has priority, and if they haven’t played a land this turn (unless an effect states the player may play additional lands). This action doesn’t use the stack. Neither the land nor the action of playing the land is a spell or ability, so it can’t be countered, and players can’t respond to it with instants or activated abilities. (See rule 305, “Lands.”)
 506. Combat Phase
 506.1. The combat phase has five steps, which proceed in order: beginning of combat, declare attackers, declare blockers, combat damage, and end of combat. The declare blockers and combat damage steps are skipped if no creatures are declared as attackers or put onto the battlefield attacking (see rule 508.8). There are two combat damage steps if any attacking or blocking creature has first strike (see rule 702.7) or double strike (see rule 702.4).
-506.2. During the combat phase, the active player is the attacking player; creatures that player controls may attack. During the combat phase of a two-player game, the nonactive player is the defending player; that player and planeswalkers he or she controls may be attacked.
+506.2. During the combat phase, the active player is the attacking player; creatures that player controls may attack. During the combat phase of a two-player game, the nonactive player is the defending player; that player and planeswalkers they control may be attacked.
-506.2a During the combat phase of a multiplayer game, there may be one or more defending players, depending on the variant being played and the options chosen for it. Unless all the attacking playerâ€™s opponents automatically become defending players during the combat phase, the attacking player chooses one of his or her opponents as a turn-based action during the beginning of combat step. (Note that the choice may be dictated by the variant being played or the options chosen for it.) That player becomes the defending player. See rule 802, â€œAttack Multiple Players Option,â€ rule 803, â€œAttack Left and Attack Right Options,â€ and rule 809, â€œEmperor Variant.â€
+506.2a During the combat phase of a multiplayer game, there may be one or more defending players, depending on the variant being played and the options chosen for it. Unless all the attacking player’s opponents automatically become defending players during the combat phase, the attacking player chooses one of their opponents as a turn-based action during the beginning of combat step. (Note that the choice may be dictated by the variant being played or the options chosen for it.) That player becomes the defending player. See rule 802, “Attack Multiple Players Option,” rule 803, “Attack Left and Attack Right Options,” and rule 809, “Emperor Variant.”
-506.2b In the Two-Headed Giant multiplayer variant, the nonactive team is the defending team. See rule 810, â€œTwo-Headed Giant Variant.â€
+506.2b In multiplayer games using the shared team turns option, the active team is the attacking team and the nonactive team is the defending team. See rule 805, “Shared Team Turns Option.”
 506.3. Only a creature can attack or block. Only a player or a planeswalker can be attacked.
-506.3a If an effect would put a noncreature permanent onto the battlefield attacking or blocking, the permanent does enter the battlefield but itâ€™s never considered to be an attacking or blocking permanent.
+506.3a If an effect would put a noncreature permanent onto the battlefield attacking or blocking, the permanent does enter the battlefield but it’s never considered to be an attacking or blocking permanent.
-506.3b If an effect would put a creature onto the battlefield attacking under the control of any player except an attacking player, that creature does enter the battlefield, but itâ€™s never considered to be an attacking creature.
+506.3b If an effect would put a creature onto the battlefield attacking under the control of any player except an attacking player, that creature does enter the battlefield, but it’s never considered to be an attacking creature.
-506.3c If an effect would put a creature onto the battlefield attacking either a player not in the game or a planeswalker no longer on the battlefield or no longer a planeswalker, that creature does enter the battlefield, but itâ€™s never considered to be an attacking creature.
+506.3c If an effect would put a creature onto the battlefield attacking either a player not in the game or a planeswalker no longer on the battlefield or no longer a planeswalker, that creature does enter the battlefield, but it’s never considered to be an attacking creature.
-506.3d If an effect would put a creature onto the battlefield blocking but the creature it would block isnâ€™t attacking either the first creatureâ€™s controller or a planeswalker that player controls, that creature does enter the battlefield, but itâ€™s never considered to be a blocking creature.
+506.3d If an effect would put a creature onto the battlefield blocking but the creature it would block isn’t attacking either the first creature’s controller or a planeswalker that player controls, that creature does enter the battlefield, but it’s never considered to be a blocking creature.
-506.4. A permanent is removed from combat if it leaves the battlefield, if its controller changes, if it phases out, if an effect specifically removes it from combat, if itâ€™s a planeswalker thatâ€™s being attacked and stops being a planeswalker, or if itâ€™s an attacking or blocking creature that regenerates (see rule 701.13) or stops being a creature. A creature thatâ€™s removed from combat stops being an attacking, blocking, blocked, and/or unblocked creature. A planeswalker thatâ€™s removed from combat stops being attacked.
+506.4. A permanent is removed from combat if it leaves the battlefield, if its controller changes, if it phases out, if an effect specifically removes it from combat, if it’s a planeswalker that’s being attacked and stops being a planeswalker, or if it’s an attacking or blocking creature that regenerates (see rule 701.14) or stops being a creature. A creature that’s removed from combat stops being an attacking, blocking, blocked, and/or unblocked creature. A planeswalker that’s removed from combat stops being attacked.
-506.4a Once a creature has been declared as an attacking or blocking creature, spells or abilities that would have kept that creature from attacking or blocking donâ€™t remove the creature from combat.
+506.4a Once a creature has been declared as an attacking or blocking creature, spells or abilities that would have kept that creature from attacking or blocking don’t remove the creature from combat.
-506.4b Tapping or untapping a creature thatâ€™s already been declared as an attacker or blocker doesnâ€™t remove it from combat and doesnâ€™t prevent its combat damage.
+506.4b Tapping or untapping a creature that’s already been declared as an attacker or blocker doesn’t remove it from combat and doesn’t prevent its combat damage.
-506.4c If a creature is attacking a planeswalker, removing that planeswalker from combat doesnâ€™t remove that creature from combat. It continues to be an attacking creature, although it is attacking neither a player nor a planeswalker. It may be blocked. If it is unblocked, it will deal no combat damage.
+506.4c If a creature is attacking a planeswalker, removing that planeswalker from combat doesn’t remove that creature from combat. It continues to be an attacking creature, although it is attacking neither a player nor a planeswalker. It may be blocked. If it is unblocked, it will deal no combat damage.
-506.4d A permanent thatâ€™s both a blocking creature and a planeswalker thatâ€™s being attacked is removed from combat if it stops being both a creature and a planeswalker. If it stops being one of those card types but continues to be the other, it continues to be either a blocking creature or a planeswalker thatâ€™s being attacked, whichever is appropriate.
+506.4d A permanent that’s both a blocking creature and a planeswalker that’s being attacked is removed from combat if it stops being both a creature and a planeswalker. If it stops being one of those card types but continues to be the other, it continues to be either a blocking creature or a planeswalker that’s being attacked, whichever is appropriate.
-506.5. A creature attacks alone if itâ€™s the only creature declared as an attacker during the declare attackers step. A creature is attacking alone if itâ€™s attacking but no other creatures are. A creature blocks alone if itâ€™s the only creature declared as a blocker during the declare blockers step. A creature is blocking alone if itâ€™s blocking but no other creatures are.
+506.5. A creature attacks alone if it’s the only creature declared as an attacker during the declare attackers step. A creature is attacking alone if it’s attacking but no other creatures are. A creature blocks alone if it’s the only creature declared as a blocker during the declare blockers step. A creature is blocking alone if it’s blocking but no other creatures are.
-506.6. Some spells state that they may be cast â€œonly [before/after] [a particular point in the combat phase],â€ in which that point may be â€œattackers are declared,â€ â€œblockers are declared,â€ â€œthe combat damage step,â€ â€œthe end of combat step,â€ â€œthe combat phase,â€ or â€œcombat.â€
+506.6. Some spells state that they may be cast “only [before/after] [a particular point in the combat phase],” in which that point may be “attackers are declared,” “blockers are declared,” “the combat damage step,” “the end of combat step,” “the combat phase,” or “combat.”
-506.6a A spell that states it may be cast â€œonly before (or after) attackers are declaredâ€ is referring to the turn-based action of declaring attackers. It may be cast only before (or after) the declare attackers step begins, regardless of whether any attackers are actually declared. (See rule 508.)
+506.6a A spell that states it may be cast “only before (or after) attackers are declared” is referring to the turn-based action of declaring attackers. It may be cast only before (or after) the declare attackers step begins, regardless of whether any attackers are actually declared. (See rule 508.)
-506.6b A spell that states it may be cast â€œonly before (or after) blockers are declaredâ€ is referring to the turn-based action of declaring blockers. It may be cast only before (or after) the declare blockers step begins, regardless of whether any blockers are actually declared. (See rule 509.)
+506.6b A spell that states it may be cast “only before (or after) blockers are declared” is referring to the turn-based action of declaring blockers. It may be cast only before (or after) the declare blockers step begins, regardless of whether any blockers are actually declared. (See rule 509.)
-506.6c Some spells state that they may be cast only â€œduring combatâ€ or â€œduring a certain playerâ€™s combat phaseâ€ in addition to the criteria described in rule 506.6. If a turn has multiple combat phases, such spells may be cast at an appropriate time during any of them.
+506.6c Some spells state that they may be cast only “during combat” or “during a certain player’s combat phase” in addition to the criteria described in rule 506.6. If a turn has multiple combat phases, such spells may be cast at an appropriate time during any of them.
-506.6d Some spells state that they may be cast â€œonly before (or after) [a particular point in the combat phase],â€ but donâ€™t meet the additional criteria described in rule 506.6c. If a turn has multiple combat phases, such spells may be cast that turn only before (or after) the stated point of the first combat phase.
+506.6d Some spells state that they may be cast “only before (or after) [a particular point in the combat phase],” but don’t meet the additional criteria described in rule 506.6c. If a turn has multiple combat phases, such spells may be cast that turn only before (or after) the stated point of the first combat phase.
-506.6e If a spell states that it may be cast â€œonly before [a particular point in the combat phase],â€ but the stated point doesnâ€™t exist within the relevant combat phase because the declare blockers step and the combat damage step are skipped (see rule 508.8), then the spell may be cast only before the declare attackers step ends. If the stated point doesnâ€™t exist because the relevant combat phase has been skipped, then the spell may be cast only before the precombat main phase ends.
+506.6e If a spell states that it may be cast “only before [a particular point in the combat phase],” but the stated point doesn’t exist within the relevant combat phase because the declare blockers step and the combat damage step are skipped (see rule 508.8), then the spell may be cast only before the declare attackers step ends. If the stated point doesn’t exist because the relevant combat phase has been skipped, then the spell may be cast only before the precombat main phase ends.
-506.6f If a spell states that it may be cast â€œonly during combat after blockers are declared,â€ but the declare blockers step is skipped that combat phase (see rule 508.8), then the spell may not be cast during that combat phase.
+506.6f If a spell states that it may be cast “only during combat after blockers are declared,” but the declare blockers step is skipped that combat phase (see rule 508.8), then the spell may not be cast during that combat phase.
-506.6g Rules 506.6 and 506.6aâ€“f apply to abilities that state that they may be activated only at certain times with respect to combat just as they apply to spells that state that they may be cast only at certain times with respect to combat.
+506.6g Rules 506.6 and 506.6a–f apply to abilities that state that they may be activated only at certain times with respect to combat just as they apply to spells that state that they may be cast only at certain times with respect to combat.
 507. Beginning of Combat Step
-507.1. First, if the game being played is a multiplayer game in which the active playerâ€™s opponents donâ€™t all automatically become defending players, the active player chooses one of his or her opponents. That player becomes the defending player. This turn-based action doesnâ€™t use the stack. (See rule 506.2.)
+507.1. First, if the game being played is a multiplayer game in which the active player’s opponents don’t all automatically become defending players, the active player chooses one of their opponents. That player becomes the defending player. This turn-based action doesn’t use the stack. (See rule 506.2.)
-507.2. Second, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, â€œTiming and Priority.â€)
+507.2. Second, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, “Timing and Priority.”)
 508. Declare Attackers Step
-508.1. First, the active player declares attackers. This turn-based action doesnâ€™t use the stack. To declare attackers, the active player follows the steps below, in order. If at any point during the declaration of attackers, the active player is unable to comply with any of the steps listed below, the declaration is illegal; the game returns to the moment before the declaration (see rule 720, â€œHandling Illegal Actionsâ€).
+508.1. First, the active player declares attackers. This turn-based action doesn’t use the stack. To declare attackers, the active player follows the steps below, in order. If at any point during the declaration of attackers, the active player is unable to comply with any of the steps listed below, the declaration is illegal; the game returns to the moment before the declaration (see rule 721, “Handling Illegal Actions”).
-508.1a The active player chooses which creatures that he or she controls, if any, will attack. The chosen creatures must be untapped, and each one must either have haste or have been controlled by the active player continuously since the turn began.
+508.1a The active player chooses which creatures that they control, if any, will attack. The chosen creatures must be untapped, and each one must either have haste or have been controlled by the active player continuously since the turn began.
 508.1b If the defending player controls any planeswalkers, or the game allows the active player to attack multiple other players, the active player announces which player or planeswalker each of the chosen creatures is attacking.
-508.1c The active player checks each creature he or she controls to see whether itâ€™s affected by any restrictions (effects that say a creature canâ€™t attack, or that it canâ€™t attack unless some condition is met). If any restrictions are being disobeyed, the declaration of attackers is illegal.
+508.1c The active player checks each creature they control to see whether it’s affected by any restrictions (effects that say a creature can’t attack, or that it can’t attack unless some condition is met). If any restrictions are being disobeyed, the declaration of attackers is illegal.
-Example: A player controls two creatures, each with a restriction that states â€œ[This creature] canâ€™t attack alone.â€ Itâ€™s legal to declare both as attackers.
+Example: A player controls two creatures, each with a restriction that states “[This creature] can’t attack alone.” It’s legal to declare both as attackers.
-508.1d The active player checks each creature he or she controls to see whether itâ€™s affected by any requirements (effects that say a creature attacks if able, or that it attacks if some condition is met). If the number of requirements that are being obeyed is fewer than the maximum possible number of requirements that could be obeyed without disobeying any restrictions, the declaration of attackers is illegal. If a creature canâ€™t attack unless a player pays a cost, that player is not required to pay that cost, even if attacking with that creature would increase the number of requirements being obeyed. If a requirement that says a creature attacks if able during a certain turn refers to a turn with multiple combat phases, the creature attacks if able during each declare attackers step in that turn.
+508.1d The active player checks each creature they control to see whether it’s affected by any requirements (effects that say a creature attacks if able, or that it attacks if some condition is met). If the number of requirements that are being obeyed is fewer than the maximum possible number of requirements that could be obeyed without disobeying any restrictions, the declaration of attackers is illegal. If a creature can’t attack unless a player pays a cost, that player is not required to pay that cost, even if attacking with that creature would increase the number of requirements being obeyed. If a requirement that says a creature attacks if able during a certain turn refers to a turn with multiple combat phases, the creature attacks if able during each declare attackers step in that turn.
-Example: A player controls two creatures: one that â€œattacks if ableâ€ and one with no abilities. An effect states â€œNo more than one creature can attack each turn.â€ The only legal attack is for just the creature that â€œattacks if ableâ€ to attack. Itâ€™s illegal to attack with the other creature, attack with both, or attack with neither.
+Example: A player controls two creatures: one that “attacks if able” and one with no abilities. An effect states “No more than one creature can attack each turn.” The only legal attack is for just the creature that “attacks if able” to attack. It’s illegal to attack with the other creature, attack with both, or attack with neither.
-508.1e If any of the chosen creatures have banding or a â€œbands with otherâ€ ability, the active player announces which creatures, if any, are banded with which. (See rule 702.21, â€œBanding.â€)
+508.1e If any of the chosen creatures have banding or a “bands with other” ability, the active player announces which creatures, if any, are banded with which. (See rule 702.21, “Banding.”)
-508.1f The active player taps the chosen creatures. Tapping a creature when itâ€™s declared as an attacker isnâ€™t a cost; attacking simply causes creatures to become tapped.
+508.1f The active player taps the chosen creatures. Tapping a creature when it’s declared as an attacker isn’t a cost; attacking simply causes creatures to become tapped.
-508.1g If there are any optional costs to attack with the chosen creatures (expressed as costs a player may pay â€œasâ€ a creature attacks), the active player chooses which, if any, he or she will pay.
+508.1g If there are any optional costs to attack with the chosen creatures (expressed as costs a player may pay “as” a creature attacks), the active player chooses which, if any, they will pay.
-508.1h If any of the chosen creatures require paying costs to attack, or if any optional costs to attack were chosen, the active player determines the total cost to attack. Costs may include paying mana, tapping permanents, sacrificing permanents, discarding cards, and so on. Once the total cost is determined, it becomes â€œlocked in.â€ If effects would change the total cost after this time, ignore this change.
+508.1h If any of the chosen creatures require paying costs to attack, or if any optional costs to attack were chosen, the active player determines the total cost to attack. Costs may include paying mana, tapping permanents, sacrificing permanents, discarding cards, and so on. Once the total cost is determined, it becomes “locked in.” If effects would change the total cost after this time, ignore this change.
-508.1i If any of the costs require mana, the active player then has a chance to activate mana abilities (see rule 605, â€œMana Abilitiesâ€).
+508.1i If any of the costs require mana, the active player then has a chance to activate mana abilities (see rule 605, “Mana Abilities”).
-508.1j Once the player has enough mana in his or her mana pool, he or she pays all costs in any order. Partial payments are not allowed.
+508.1j Once the player has enough mana in their mana pool, they pay all costs in any order. Partial payments are not allowed.
-508.1k Each chosen creature still controlled by the active player becomes an attacking creature. It remains an attacking creature until itâ€™s removed from combat or the combat phase ends, whichever comes first. See rule 506.4.
+508.1k Each chosen creature still controlled by the active player becomes an attacking creature. It remains an attacking creature until it’s removed from combat or the combat phase ends, whichever comes first. See rule 506.4.
 508.1m Any abilities that trigger on attackers being declared trigger.
-508.2. Second, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, â€œTiming and Priority.â€)
+508.2. Second, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, “Timing and Priority.”)
-508.2a Abilities that trigger on a creature attacking trigger only at the point the creature is declared as an attacker. They will not trigger if a creature attacks and then that creatureâ€™s characteristics change to match the abilityâ€™s trigger condition.
+508.2a Abilities that trigger on a creature attacking trigger only at the point the creature is declared as an attacker. They will not trigger if a creature attacks and then that creature’s characteristics change to match the ability’s trigger condition.
-Example: A permanent has the ability â€œWhenever a green creature attacks, destroy that creature at end of combat.â€ If a blue creature attacks and is later turned green, the ability will not trigger.
+Example: A permanent has the ability “Whenever a green creature attacks, destroy that creature at end of combat.” If a blue creature attacks and is later turned green, the ability will not trigger.
-508.2b Any abilities that triggered on attackers being declared or that triggered during the process described in rules 508.1 are put onto the stack before the active player gets priority; the order in which they triggered doesnâ€™t matter. (See rule 603, â€œHandling Triggered Abilities.â€)
+508.2b Any abilities that triggered on attackers being declared or that triggered during the process described in rules 508.1 are put onto the stack before the active player gets priority; the order in which they triggered doesn’t matter. (See rule 603, “Handling Triggered Abilities.”)
 508.3. Triggered abilities that trigger on attackers being declared may have different trigger conditions.
-508.3a An ability that reads â€œWhenever [a creature] attacks, . . .â€ triggers if that creature is declared as an attacker. Similarly, â€œWhenever [a creature] attacks [a player or planeswalker], . . .â€ triggers if that creature is declared as an attacker attacking that player or planeswalker. Such abilities wonâ€™t trigger if a creature is put onto the battlefield attacking.
+508.3a An ability that reads “Whenever [a creature] attacks, . . .” triggers if that creature is declared as an attacker. Similarly, “Whenever [a creature] attacks [a player or planeswalker], . . .” triggers if that creature is declared as an attacker attacking that player or planeswalker. Such abilities won’t trigger if a creature is put onto the battlefield attacking.
-508.3b An ability that reads â€œWhenever [a player or planeswalker] is attacked, . . .â€ triggers if one or more creatures are declared as attackers attacking that player or planeswalker. It wonâ€™t trigger if a creature is put onto the battlefield attacking that player or planeswalker.
+508.3b An ability that reads “Whenever [a player or planeswalker] is attacked, . . .” triggers if one or more creatures are declared as attackers attacking that player or planeswalker. It won’t trigger if a creature is put onto the battlefield attacking that player or planeswalker.
-508.3c An ability that reads â€œWhenever [a player] attacks with [a creature], . . .â€ triggers whenever a creature that player controls is declared as an attacker.
+508.3c An ability that reads “Whenever [a player] attacks with [a creature], . . .” triggers whenever a creature that player controls is declared as an attacker.
-508.3d An ability that reads â€œWhenever [a creature] attacks and isnâ€™t blocked, . . .â€ triggers during the declare blockers step, not the declare attackers step. See rule 509.5g.
+508.3d An ability that reads “Whenever [a creature] attacks and isn’t blocked, . . .” triggers during the declare blockers step, not the declare attackers step. See rule 509.5g.
-508.4. If a creature is put onto the battlefield attacking, its controller chooses which defending player or which planeswalker a defending player controls itâ€™s attacking as it enters the battlefield (unless the effect that put it onto the battlefield specifies what itâ€™s attacking). Such creatures are â€œattackingâ€ but, for the purposes of trigger events and effects, they never â€œattacked.â€
+508.4. If a creature is put onto the battlefield attacking, its controller chooses which defending player or which planeswalker a defending player controls it’s attacking as it enters the battlefield (unless the effect that put it onto the battlefield specifies what it’s attacking). Such creatures are “attacking” but, for the purposes of trigger events and effects, they never “attacked.”
-508.4a If the effect that puts a creature onto the battlefield attacking specifies itâ€™s attacking a certain player, and that player is no longer in the game when the effect resolves, the creature is put onto the battlefield but is never considered an attacking creature. The same is true if the effect specifies a creature is put onto the battlefield attacking a planeswalker and that planeswalker is no longer on the battlefield or is no longer a planeswalker when the effect resolves.
+508.4a If the effect that puts a creature onto the battlefield attacking specifies it’s attacking a certain player, and that player is no longer in the game when the effect resolves, the creature is put onto the battlefield but is never considered an attacking creature. The same is true if the effect specifies a creature is put onto the battlefield attacking a planeswalker and that planeswalker is no longer on the battlefield or is no longer a planeswalker when the effect resolves.
-508.4b A creature thatâ€™s put onto the battlefield attacking isnâ€™t affected by requirements or restrictions that apply to the declaration of attackers.
+508.4b A creature that’s put onto the battlefield attacking isn’t affected by requirements or restrictions that apply to the declaration of attackers.
-508.5. If an ability of an attacking creature refers to a defending player, or a spell or ability refers to both an attacking creature and a defending player, then unless otherwise specified, the defending player itâ€™s referring to is the player that creature is attacking, or the controller of the planeswalker that creature is attacking. If that creature is no longer attacking, the defending player itâ€™s referring to is the player that creature was attacking before it was removed from combat or the controller of the planeswalker that creature was attacking before it was removed from combat.
+508.5. If an ability of an attacking creature refers to a defending player, or a spell or ability refers to both an attacking creature and a defending player, then unless otherwise specified, the defending player it’s referring to is the player that creature is attacking, or the controller of the planeswalker that creature is attacking. If that creature is no longer attacking, the defending player it’s referring to is the player that creature was attacking before it was removed from combat or the controller of the planeswalker that creature was attacking before it was removed from combat.
-508.5a In a multiplayer game, any rule, object, or effect that refers to a â€œdefending playerâ€ refers to one specific defending player, not to all of the defending players. If a spell or ability could apply to multiple attacking creatures, the appropriate defending player is individually determined for each of those attacking creatures. If there are multiple defending players that could be chosen, the controller of the spell or ability chooses one.
+508.5a In a multiplayer game, any rule, object, or effect that refers to a “defending player” refers to one specific defending player, not to all of the defending players. If a spell or ability could apply to multiple attacking creatures, the appropriate defending player is individually determined for each of those attacking creatures. If there are multiple defending players that could be chosen, the controller of the spell or ability chooses one.
-508.6. A player is â€œattacking [a player]â€ if the first player controls a creature that is attacking the second player. A player has â€œattacked [a player]â€ if the first player declared one or more creatures as attackers attacking the second player.
+508.6. A player is “attacking [a player]” if the first player controls a creature that is attacking the second player. A player has “attacked [a player]” if the first player declared one or more creatures as attackers attacking the second player.
 508.7. One card (Portal Mage) allows a player to reselect which player or planeswalker a creature is attacking.
-508.7a The attacking creature isnâ€™t removed from combat and it isnâ€™t considered to have attacked a second time. That creature is attacking the reselected player or planeswalker, but itâ€™s still considered to have attacked the player or planeswalker chosen as it was declared as an attacker.
+508.7a The attacking creature isn’t removed from combat and it isn’t considered to have attacked a second time. That creature is attacking the reselected player or planeswalker, but it’s still considered to have attacked the player or planeswalker chosen as it was declared as an attacker.
-508.7b While reselecting which player or planeswalker a creature is attacking, that creature isnâ€™t affected by requirements or restrictions that apply to the declaration of attackers.
+508.7b While reselecting which player or planeswalker a creature is attacking, that creature isn’t affected by requirements or restrictions that apply to the declaration of attackers.
-508.7c The reselected player or planeswalker must be an opponent of the attacking creatureâ€™s controller, or a planeswalker controlled by an opponent of the attacking creatureâ€™s controller.
+508.7c The reselected player or planeswalker must be an opponent of the attacking creature’s controller, or a planeswalker controlled by an opponent of the attacking creature’s controller.
 508.7d In a multiplayer game not using the attack multiple players option (see rule 802), the reselected player or planeswalker must be the chosen defending player or a planeswalker controlled by that player.
-508.7e In a multiplayer game using the limited range of influence option (see rule 801), the reselected player or planeswalker must be within the range of influence of the attacking creatureâ€™s controller.
+508.7e In a multiplayer game using the limited range of influence option (see rule 801), the reselected player or planeswalker must be within the range of influence of the attacking creature’s controller.
-508.7f In a Two-Headed Giant game, the team or planeswalker the creature is attacking is reselected rather than the player or planeswalker. A team reselected this way must be an opposing team of the attacking creatureâ€™s controller.
 508.8. If no creatures are declared as attackers or put onto the battlefield attacking, skip the declare blockers and combat damage steps.
 509. Declare Blockers Step
-509.1. First, the defending player declares blockers. This turn-based action doesnâ€™t use the stack. To declare blockers, the defending player follows the steps below, in order. If at any point during the declaration of blockers, the defending player is unable to comply with any of the steps listed below, the declaration is illegal; the game returns to the moment before the declaration (see rule 720, â€œHandling Illegal Actionsâ€).
+509.1. First, the defending player declares blockers. This turn-based action doesn’t use the stack. To declare blockers, the defending player follows the steps below, in order. If at any point during the declaration of blockers, the defending player is unable to comply with any of the steps listed below, the declaration is illegal; the game returns to the moment before the declaration (see rule 721, “Handling Illegal Actions”).
-509.1a The defending player chooses which creatures that he or she controls, if any, will block. The chosen creatures must be untapped. For each of the chosen creatures, the defending player chooses one creature for it to block thatâ€™s attacking him, her, or a planeswalker he or she controls.
+509.1a The defending player chooses which creatures they control, if any, will block. The chosen creatures must be untapped. For each of the chosen creatures, the defending player chooses one creature for it to block that’s attacking that player or a planeswalker they control.
-509.1b The defending player checks each creature he or she controls to see whether itâ€™s affected by any restrictions (effects that say a creature canâ€™t block, or that it canâ€™t block unless some condition is met). If any restrictions are being disobeyed, the declaration of blockers is illegal.
+509.1b The defending player checks each creature they control to see whether it’s affected by any restrictions (effects that say a creature can’t block, or that it can’t block unless some condition is met). If any restrictions are being disobeyed, the declaration of blockers is illegal.
-A restriction may be created by an evasion ability (a static ability an attacking creature has that restricts what can block it). If an attacking creature gains or loses an evasion ability after a legal block has been declared, it doesnâ€™t affect that block. Different evasion abilities are cumulative.
+A restriction may be created by an evasion ability (a static ability an attacking creature has that restricts what can block it). If an attacking creature gains or loses an evasion ability after a legal block has been declared, it doesn’t affect that block. Different evasion abilities are cumulative.
-Example: An attacking creature with flying and shadow canâ€™t be blocked by a creature with flying but without shadow.
+Example: An attacking creature with flying and shadow can’t be blocked by a creature with flying but without shadow.
-509.1c The defending player checks each creature he or she controls to see whether itâ€™s affected by any requirements (effects that say a creature must block, or that it must block if some condition is met). If the number of requirements that are being obeyed is fewer than the maximum possible number of requirements that could be obeyed without disobeying any restrictions, the declaration of blockers is illegal. If a creature canâ€™t block unless a player pays a cost, that player is not required to pay that cost, even if blocking with that creature would increase the number of requirements being obeyed. If a requirement that says a creature blocks if able during a certain turn refers to a turn with multiple combat phases, the creature blocks if able during each declare blockers step in that turn.
+509.1c The defending player checks each creature they control to see whether it’s affected by any requirements (effects that say a creature must block, or that it must block if some condition is met). If the number of requirements that are being obeyed is fewer than the maximum possible number of requirements that could be obeyed without disobeying any restrictions, the declaration of blockers is illegal. If a creature can’t block unless a player pays a cost, that player is not required to pay that cost, even if blocking with that creature would increase the number of requirements being obeyed. If a requirement that says a creature blocks if able during a certain turn refers to a turn with multiple combat phases, the creature blocks if able during each declare blockers step in that turn.
-Example: A player controls one creature that â€œblocks if ableâ€ and another creature with no abilities. If a creature with menace attacks that player, the player must block with both creatures. Having only the first creature block violates the restriction created by menace (the attacking creature canâ€™t be blocked except by two or more creatures). Having only the second creature block violates both the menace restriction and the first creatureâ€™s blocking requirement. Having neither creature block fulfills the restriction but not the requirement.
+Example: A player controls one creature that “blocks if able” and another creature with no abilities. If a creature with menace attacks that player, the player must block with both creatures. Having only the first creature block violates the restriction created by menace (the attacking creature can’t be blocked except by two or more creatures). Having only the second creature block violates both the menace restriction and the first creature’s blocking requirement. Having neither creature block fulfills the restriction but not the requirement.
-509.1d If any of the chosen creatures require paying costs to block, the defending player determines the total cost to block. Costs may include paying mana, tapping permanents, sacrificing permanents, discarding cards, and so on. Once the total cost is determined, it becomes â€œlocked in.â€ If effects would change the total cost after this time, ignore this change.
+509.1d If any of the chosen creatures require paying costs to block, the defending player determines the total cost to block. Costs may include paying mana, tapping permanents, sacrificing permanents, discarding cards, and so on. Once the total cost is determined, it becomes “locked in.” If effects would change the total cost after this time, ignore this change.
-509.1e If any of the costs require mana, the defending player then has a chance to activate mana abilities (see rule 605, â€œMana Abilitiesâ€).
+509.1e If any of the costs require mana, the defending player then has a chance to activate mana abilities (see rule 605, “Mana Abilities”).
-509.1f Once the player has enough mana in his or her mana pool, he or she pays all costs in any order. Partial payments are not allowed.
+509.1f Once the player has enough mana in their mana pool, they pay all costs in any order. Partial payments are not allowed.
-509.1g Each chosen creature still controlled by the defending player becomes a blocking creature. Each one is blocking the attacking creatures chosen for it. It remains a blocking creature until itâ€™s removed from combat or the combat phase ends, whichever comes first. See rule 506.4.
+509.1g Each chosen creature still controlled by the defending player becomes a blocking creature. Each one is blocking the attacking creatures chosen for it. It remains a blocking creature until it’s removed from combat or the combat phase ends, whichever comes first. See rule 506.4.
 509.1h An attacking creature with one or more creatures declared as blockers for it becomes a blocked creature; one with no creatures declared as blockers for it becomes an unblocked creature. This remains unchanged until the creature is removed from combat, an effect says that it becomes blocked or unblocked, or the combat phase ends, whichever comes first. A creature remains blocked even if all the creatures blocking it are removed from combat.
 509.1i Any abilities that trigger on blockers being declared trigger. See rule 509.4 for more information.
-509.2. Second, for each attacking creature thatâ€™s become blocked, the active player announces that creatureâ€™s damage assignment order, which consists of the creatures blocking it in an order of that playerâ€™s choice. (During the combat damage step, an attacking creature canâ€™t assign combat damage to a creature thatâ€™s blocking it unless each creature ahead of that blocking creature in its order is assigned lethal damage.) This turn-based action doesnâ€™t use the stack.
+509.2. Second, for each attacking creature that’s become blocked, the active player announces that creature’s damage assignment order, which consists of the creatures blocking it in an order of that player’s choice. (During the combat damage step, an attacking creature can’t assign combat damage to a creature that’s blocking it unless each creature ahead of that blocking creature in its order is assigned lethal damage.) This turn-based action doesn’t use the stack.
-Example: Vastwood Gorger is blocked by Llanowar Elves, Runeclaw Bear, and Serra Angel. Vastwood Gorgerâ€™s controller announces the Vastwood Gorgerâ€™s damage assignment order as Serra Angel, then Llanowar Elves, then Runeclaw Bear.
+Example: Vastwood Gorger is blocked by Llanowar Elves, Runeclaw Bear, and Serra Angel. Vastwood Gorger’s controller announces the Vastwood Gorger’s damage assignment order as Serra Angel, then Llanowar Elves, then Runeclaw Bear.
 509.2a During the declare blockers step, if a blocking creature is removed from combat or a spell or ability causes it to stop blocking an attacking creature, the blocking creature is removed from all relevant damage assignment orders. The relative order among the remaining blocking creatures is unchanged.
-509.3. Third, for each blocking creature, the defending player announces that creatureâ€™s damage assignment order, which consists of the creatures itâ€™s blocking in an order of that playerâ€™s choice. (During the combat damage step, a blocking creature canâ€™t assign combat damage to a creature itâ€™s blocking unless each creature ahead of that blocked creature in its order is assigned lethal damage.) This turn-based action doesnâ€™t use the stack.
+509.3. Third, for each blocking creature, the defending player announces that creature’s damage assignment order, which consists of the creatures it’s blocking in an order of that player’s choice. (During the combat damage step, a blocking creature can’t assign combat damage to a creature it’s blocking unless each creature ahead of that blocked creature in its order is assigned lethal damage.) This turn-based action doesn’t use the stack.
 509.3a During the declare blockers step, if an attacking creature is removed from combat or a spell or ability causes it to stop being blocked by a blocking creature, the attacking creature is removed from all relevant damage assignment orders. The relative order among the remaining attacking creatures is unchanged.
-509.4. Fourth, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, â€œTiming and Priority.â€)
+509.4. Fourth, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, “Timing and Priority.”)
-509.4a Any abilities that triggered on blockers being declared or that triggered during the process described in rules 509.1â€“3 are put onto the stack before the active player gets priority; the order in which they triggered doesnâ€™t matter. (See rule 603, â€œHandling Triggered Abilities.â€)
+509.4a Any abilities that triggered on blockers being declared or that triggered during the process described in rules 509.1–3 are put onto the stack before the active player gets priority; the order in which they triggered doesn’t matter. (See rule 603, “Handling Triggered Abilities.”)
 509.5. Triggered abilities that trigger on blockers being declared may have different trigger conditions.
-509.5a An ability that reads â€œWhenever [a creature] blocks, . . .â€ generally triggers only once each combat for that creature, even if it blocks multiple creatures. It triggers if the creature is declared as a blocker. It will also trigger if that creature becomes a blocker as the result of an effect, but only if it wasnâ€™t a blocking creature at that time. (See rule 509.1g.) It wonâ€™t trigger if the creature is put onto the battlefield blocking.
+509.5a An ability that reads “Whenever [a creature] blocks, . . .” generally triggers only once each combat for that creature, even if it blocks multiple creatures. It triggers if the creature is declared as a blocker. It will also trigger if that creature becomes a blocker as the result of an effect, but only if it wasn’t a blocking creature at that time. (See rule 509.1g.) It won’t trigger if the creature is put onto the battlefield blocking.
-509.5b An ability that reads â€œWhenever [a creature] blocks a creature, . . .â€ triggers once for each attacking creature the creature with the ability blocks. It triggers if the creature is declared as a blocker. It will also trigger if an effect causes that creature to block an attacking creature, but only if it wasnâ€™t already blocking that attacking creature at that time. It wonâ€™t trigger if the creature is put onto the battlefield blocking.
+509.5b An ability that reads “Whenever [a creature] blocks a creature, . . .” triggers once for each attacking creature the creature with the ability blocks. It triggers if the creature is declared as a blocker. It will also trigger if an effect causes that creature to block an attacking creature, but only if it wasn’t already blocking that attacking creature at that time. It won’t trigger if the creature is put onto the battlefield blocking.
-509.5c An ability that reads â€œWhenever [a creature] becomes blocked, . . .â€ generally triggers only once each combat for that creature, even if itâ€™s blocked by multiple creatures. It will trigger if that creature becomes blocked by at least one creature declared as a blocker. It will also trigger if that creature becomes blocked by an effect or by a creature thatâ€™s put onto the battlefield as a blocker, but only if the attacking creature was an unblocked creature at that time. (See rule 509.1h.)
+509.5c An ability that reads “Whenever [a creature] becomes blocked, . . .” generally triggers only once each combat for that creature, even if it’s blocked by multiple creatures. It will trigger if that creature becomes blocked by at least one creature declared as a blocker. It will also trigger if that creature becomes blocked by an effect or by a creature that’s put onto the battlefield as a blocker, but only if the attacking creature was an unblocked creature at that time. (See rule 509.1h.)
-509.5d An ability that reads â€œWhenever [a creature] becomes blocked by a creature, . . .â€ triggers once for each creature that blocks the named creature. It triggers if a creature is declared as a blocker for the attacking creature. It will also trigger if an effect causes a creature to block the attacking creature, but only if it wasnâ€™t already blocking that attacking creature at that time. In addition, it will trigger if a creature is put onto the battlefield blocking that creature. It wonâ€™t trigger if the creature becomes blocked by an effect rather than a creature.
+509.5d An ability that reads “Whenever [a creature] becomes blocked by a creature, . . .” triggers once for each creature that blocks the named creature. It triggers if a creature is declared as a blocker for the attacking creature. It will also trigger if an effect causes a creature to block the attacking creature, but only if it wasn’t already blocking that attacking creature at that time. In addition, it will trigger if a creature is put onto the battlefield blocking that creature. It won’t trigger if the creature becomes blocked by an effect rather than a creature.
 509.5e If an ability triggers when a creature blocks or becomes blocked by a particular number of creatures, the ability triggers if the creature blocks or is blocked by that many creatures when blockers are declared. Effects that add or remove blockers can also cause such abilities to trigger. This applies to abilities that trigger on a creature blocking or being blocked by at least a certain number of creatures as well.
-509.5f If an ability triggers when a creature with certain characteristics blocks, it will trigger only if the creature has those characteristics at the point blockers are declared, or at the point an effect causes it to block. If an ability triggers when a creature with certain characteristics becomes blocked, it will trigger only if the creature has those characteristics at the point it becomes a blocked creature. If an ability triggers when a creature becomes blocked by a creature with certain characteristics, it will trigger only if the latter creature has those characteristics at the point it becomes a blocking creature. None of those abilities will trigger if the relevant creatureâ€™s characteristics change to match the abilityâ€™s trigger condition later on.
+509.5f If an ability triggers when a creature with certain characteristics blocks, it will trigger only if the creature has those characteristics at the point blockers are declared, or at the point an effect causes it to block. If an ability triggers when a creature with certain characteristics becomes blocked, it will trigger only if the creature has those characteristics at the point it becomes a blocked creature. If an ability triggers when a creature becomes blocked by a creature with certain characteristics, it will trigger only if the latter creature has those characteristics at the point it becomes a blocking creature. None of those abilities will trigger if the relevant creature’s characteristics change to match the ability’s trigger condition later on.
-Example: A creature has the ability â€œWhenever this creature becomes blocked by a white creature, destroy that creature at end of combat.â€ If the creature becomes blocked by a black creature that is later turned white, the ability will not trigger.
+Example: A creature has the ability “Whenever this creature becomes blocked by a white creature, destroy that creature at end of combat.” If the creature becomes blocked by a black creature that is later turned white, the ability will not trigger.
-509.5g An ability that reads â€œWhenever [a creature] attacks and isnâ€™t blocked, . . .â€ triggers if no creatures are declared as blockers for that creature. It will trigger even if the creature was never declared as an attacker (for example, if it entered the battlefield attacking). It wonâ€™t trigger if the attacking creature is blocked and then all its blockers are removed from combat.
+509.5g An ability that reads “Whenever [a creature] attacks and isn’t blocked, . . .” triggers if no creatures are declared as blockers for that creature. It will trigger even if the creature was never declared as an attacker (for example, if it entered the battlefield attacking). It won’t trigger if the attacking creature is blocked and then all its blockers are removed from combat.
-509.6. If a spell or ability causes a creature on the battlefield to block an attacking creature, the active player announces the blocking creatureâ€™s placement in the attacking creatureâ€™s damage assignment order. The relative order among the remaining blocking creatures is unchanged. Then the defending player announces the attacking creatureâ€™s placement in the blocking creatureâ€™s damage assignment order. The relative order among the remaining attacking creatures is unchanged. This is done as part of the blocking effect.
+509.6. If a spell or ability causes a creature on the battlefield to block an attacking creature, the active player announces the blocking creature’s placement in the attacking creature’s damage assignment order. The relative order among the remaining blocking creatures is unchanged. Then the defending player announces the attacking creature’s placement in the blocking creature’s damage assignment order. The relative order among the remaining attacking creatures is unchanged. This is done as part of the blocking effect.
-509.7. If a creature is put onto the battlefield blocking, its controller chooses which attacking creature itâ€™s blocking as it enters the battlefield (unless the effect that put it onto the battlefield specifies what itâ€™s blocking), then the active player announces the new creatureâ€™s placement in the blocked creatureâ€™s damage assignment order. The relative order among the remaining blocking creatures is unchanged. A creature put onto the battlefield this way is â€œblockingâ€ but, for the purposes of trigger events and effects, it never â€œblocked.â€
+509.7. If a creature is put onto the battlefield blocking, its controller chooses which attacking creature it’s blocking as it enters the battlefield (unless the effect that put it onto the battlefield specifies what it’s blocking), then the active player announces the new creature’s placement in the blocked creature’s damage assignment order. The relative order among the remaining blocking creatures is unchanged. A creature put onto the battlefield this way is “blocking” but, for the purposes of trigger events and effects, it never “blocked.”
-Example: Giant Spider is blocked by Canyon Minotaur. The defending player casts Flash Foliage, which creates a Saproling creature token blocking the Giant Spider. Giant Spiderâ€™s controller announces the Giant Spiderâ€™s damage assignment order as the Saproling token, then Canyon Minotaur.
+Example: Giant Spider is blocked by Canyon Minotaur. The defending player casts Flash Foliage, which creates a Saproling creature token blocking the Giant Spider. Giant Spider’s controller announces the Giant Spider’s damage assignment order as the Saproling token, then Canyon Minotaur.
-509.7a If the effect that puts a creature onto the battlefield blocking specifies itâ€™s blocking a certain creature and that creature is no longer attacking, the creature is put onto the battlefield but is never considered a blocking creature. The same is true if the controller of the creature thatâ€™s put onto the battlefield blocking isnâ€™t a defending player for the specified attacking creature.
+509.7a If the effect that puts a creature onto the battlefield blocking specifies it’s blocking a certain creature and that creature is no longer attacking, the creature is put onto the battlefield but is never considered a blocking creature. The same is true if the controller of the creature that’s put onto the battlefield blocking isn’t a defending player for the specified attacking creature.
-509.7b A creature thatâ€™s put onto the battlefield blocking isnâ€™t affected by requirements or restrictions that apply to the declaration of blockers.
+509.7b A creature that’s put onto the battlefield blocking isn’t affected by requirements or restrictions that apply to the declaration of blockers.
 510. Combat Damage Step
-510.1. First, the active player announces how each attacking creature assigns its combat damage, then the defending player announces how each blocking creature assigns its combat damage. This turn-based action doesnâ€™t use the stack. A player assigns a creatureâ€™s combat damage according to the following rules:
+510.1. First, the active player announces how each attacking creature assigns its combat damage, then the defending player announces how each blocking creature assigns its combat damage. This turn-based action doesn’t use the stack. A player assigns a creature’s combat damage according to the following rules:
-510.1a Each attacking creature and each blocking creature assigns combat damage equal to its power. Creatures that would assign 0 or less damage this way donâ€™t assign combat damage at all.
+510.1a Each attacking creature and each blocking creature assigns combat damage equal to its power. Creatures that would assign 0 or less damage this way don’t assign combat damage at all.
-510.1b An unblocked creature assigns its combat damage to the player or planeswalker itâ€™s attacking. If it isnâ€™t currently attacking anything (if, for example, it was attacking a planeswalker that has left the battlefield), it assigns no combat damage.
+510.1b An unblocked creature assigns its combat damage to the player or planeswalker it’s attacking. If it isn’t currently attacking anything (if, for example, it was attacking a planeswalker that has left the battlefield), it assigns no combat damage.
-510.1c A blocked creature assigns its combat damage to the creatures blocking it. If no creatures are currently blocking it (if, for example, they were destroyed or removed from combat), it assigns no combat damage. If exactly one creature is blocking it, it assigns all its combat damage to that creature. If two or more creatures are blocking it, it assigns its combat damage to those creatures according to the damage assignment order announced for it. This may allow the blocked creature to divide its combat damage. However, it canâ€™t assign combat damage to a creature thatâ€™s blocking it unless, when combat damage assignments are complete, each creature that precedes that blocking creature in its order is assigned lethal damage. When checking for assigned lethal damage, take into account damage already marked on the creature and damage from other creatures thatâ€™s being assigned during the same combat damage step, but not any abilities or effects that might change the amount of damage thatâ€™s actually dealt. An amount of damage thatâ€™s greater than a creatureâ€™s lethal damage may be assigned to it.
+510.1c A blocked creature assigns its combat damage to the creatures blocking it. If no creatures are currently blocking it (if, for example, they were destroyed or removed from combat), it assigns no combat damage. If exactly one creature is blocking it, it assigns all its combat damage to that creature. If two or more creatures are blocking it, it assigns its combat damage to those creatures according to the damage assignment order announced for it. This may allow the blocked creature to divide its combat damage. However, it can’t assign combat damage to a creature that’s blocking it unless, when combat damage assignments are complete, each creature that precedes that blocking creature in its order is assigned lethal damage. When checking for assigned lethal damage, take into account damage already marked on the creature and damage from other creatures that’s being assigned during the same combat damage step, but not any abilities or effects that might change the amount of damage that’s actually dealt. An amount of damage that’s greater than a creature’s lethal damage may be assigned to it.
 Example: The damage assignment order of an attacking Vastwood Gorger (a 5/6 creature) is Pride Guardian (a 0/3 creature) then Llanowar Elves (a 1/1 creature). Vastwood Gorger can assign 3 damage to the Guardian and 2 damage to the Elves, 4 damage to the Guardian and 1 damage to the Elves, or 5 damage to the Guardian.
 Example: The damage assignment order of an attacking Vastwood Gorger (a 5/6 creature) is Pride Guardian (a 0/3 creature) then Llanowar Elves (a 1/1 creature). During the declare blockers step, the defending player casts Giant Growth targeting Pride Guardian, which gives it +3/+3 until end of turn. Vastwood Gorger must assign its 5 damage to the Guardian.
 Example: The damage assignment order of an attacking Vastwood Gorger (a 5/6 creature) is Pride Guardian (a 0/3 creature) then Llanowar Elves (a 1/1 creature). During the declare blockers step, the defending player casts Mending Hands targeting Pride Guardian, which prevents the next 4 damage that would be dealt to it. Vastwood Gorger can assign 3 damage to the Guardian and 2 damage to the Elves, 4 damage to the Guardian and 1 damage to the Elves, or 5 damage to the Guardian.
 Example: The damage assignment order of an attacking Enormous Baloth (a 7/7 creature) is Trained Armodon (a 3/3 creature) that already has 2 damage marked on it, then Foriysian Brigade (a 2/4 creature that can block an additional creature), then Silverback Ape (a 5/5 creature). The damage assignment order of an attacking Durkwood Boars (a 4/4 creature) is the same Foriysian Brigade, then Goblin Piker (a 2/1 creature). Among other possibilities, the active player may have the Baloth assign 1 damage to the Armodon, 1 damage to the Brigade, and 5 damage to the Ape, and have the Boars assign 3 damage to the Brigade and 1 damage to the Piker.
-510.1d A blocking creature assigns combat damage to the creatures itâ€™s blocking. If it isnâ€™t currently blocking any creatures (if, for example, they were destroyed or removed from combat), it assigns no combat damage. If itâ€™s blocking exactly one creature, it assigns all its combat damage to that creature. If itâ€™s blocking two or more creatures, it assigns its combat damage to those creatures according to the damage assignment order announced for it. This may allow the blocking creature to divide its combat damage. However, it canâ€™t assign combat damage to a creature that itâ€™s blocking unless, when combat damage assignments are complete, each creature that precedes that blocked creature is assigned lethal damage. When checking for assigned lethal damage, take into account damage already marked on the creature and damage from other creatures thatâ€™s being assigned during the same combat damage step, but not any abilities or effects that might change the amount of damage thatâ€™s actually dealt. An amount of damage thatâ€™s greater than a creatureâ€™s lethal damage may be assigned to it.
+510.1d A blocking creature assigns combat damage to the creatures it’s blocking. If it isn’t currently blocking any creatures (if, for example, they were destroyed or removed from combat), it assigns no combat damage. If it’s blocking exactly one creature, it assigns all its combat damage to that creature. If it’s blocking two or more creatures, it assigns its combat damage to those creatures according to the damage assignment order announced for it. This may allow the blocking creature to divide its combat damage. However, it can’t assign combat damage to a creature that it’s blocking unless, when combat damage assignments are complete, each creature that precedes that blocked creature is assigned lethal damage. When checking for assigned lethal damage, take into account damage already marked on the creature and damage from other creatures that’s being assigned during the same combat damage step, but not any abilities or effects that might change the amount of damage that’s actually dealt. An amount of damage that’s greater than a creature’s lethal damage may be assigned to it.
-510.1e Once a player has assigned combat damage from each attacking or blocking creature he or she controls, the total damage assignment (not solely the damage assignment of any individual attacking or blocking creature) is checked to see if it complies with the above rules. If it doesnâ€™t, the combat damage assignment is illegal; the game returns to the moment before that player began to assign combat damage. (See rule 720, â€œHandling Illegal Actionsâ€).
+510.1e Once a player has assigned combat damage from each attacking or blocking creature they control, the total damage assignment (not solely the damage assignment of any individual attacking or blocking creature) is checked to see if it complies with the above rules. If it doesn’t, the combat damage assignment is illegal; the game returns to the moment before that player began to assign combat damage. (See rule 721, “Handling Illegal Actions”).
-510.2. Second, all combat damage thatâ€™s been assigned is dealt simultaneously. This turn-based action doesnâ€™t use the stack. No player has the chance to cast spells or activate abilities between the time combat damage is assigned and the time itâ€™s dealt.
+510.2. Second, all combat damage that’s been assigned is dealt simultaneously. This turn-based action doesn’t use the stack. No player has the chance to cast spells or activate abilities between the time combat damage is assigned and the time it’s dealt.
-Example: Squadron Hawk (a 1/1 creature with flying) and Goblin Piker (a 2/1 creature) are attacking. Mogg Fanatic (a 1/1 creature with the ability â€œSacrifice Mogg Fanatic: Mogg Fanatic deals 1 damage to target creature or playerâ€) blocks the Goblin Piker. The defending player sacrifices Mogg Fanatic during the declare blockers step to deal 1 damage to the Squadron Hawk. The Hawk is destroyed. The Piker deals and is dealt no combat damage this turn. If the defending player instead left Mogg Fanatic on the battlefield, the Fanatic and the Piker would have dealt lethal damage to one another, but the Squadron Hawk couldnâ€™t have been dealt damage.
+Example: Squadron Hawk (a 1/1 creature with flying) and Goblin Piker (a 2/1 creature) are attacking. Mogg Fanatic (a 1/1 creature with the ability “Sacrifice Mogg Fanatic: Mogg Fanatic deals 1 damage to any target.”) blocks the Goblin Piker. The defending player sacrifices Mogg Fanatic during the declare blockers step to deal 1 damage to the Squadron Hawk. The Hawk is destroyed. The Piker deals and is dealt no combat damage this turn. If the defending player instead left Mogg Fanatic on the battlefield, the Fanatic and the Piker would have dealt lethal damage to one another, but the Squadron Hawk couldn’t have been dealt damage.
-510.3. Third, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, â€œTiming and Priority.â€)
+510.3. Third, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, “Timing and Priority.”)
-510.3a Any abilities that triggered on damage being dealt or while state-based actions are performed afterward are put onto the stack before the active player gets priority; the order in which they triggered doesnâ€™t matter. (See rule 603, â€œHandling Triggered Abilities.â€)
+510.3a Any abilities that triggered on damage being dealt or while state-based actions are performed afterward are put onto the stack before the active player gets priority; the order in which they triggered doesn’t matter. (See rule 603, “Handling Triggered Abilities.”)
 510.4. If at least one attacking or blocking creature has first strike (see rule 702.7) or double strike (see rule 702.4) as the combat damage step begins, the only creatures that assign combat damage in that step are those with first strike or double strike. After that step, instead of proceeding to the end of combat step, the phase gets a second combat damage step. The only creatures that assign combat damage in that step are the remaining attackers and blockers that had neither first strike nor double strike as the first combat damage step began, as well as the remaining attackers and blockers that currently have double strike. After that step, the phase proceeds to the end of combat step.
 511. End of Combat Step
-511.1. The end of combat step has no turn-based actions. Once it begins, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, â€œTiming and Priority.â€)
+511.1. The end of combat step has no turn-based actions. Once it begins, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, “Timing and Priority.”)
-511.2. Abilities that trigger â€œat end of combatâ€ trigger as the end of combat step begins. Effects that last â€œuntil end of combatâ€ expire at the end of the combat phase.
+511.2. Abilities that trigger “at end of combat” trigger as the end of combat step begins. Effects that last “until end of combat” expire at the end of the combat phase.
 511.3. As soon as the end of combat step ends, all creatures and planeswalkers are removed from combat. After the end of combat step ends, the combat phase is over and the postcombat main phase begins (see rule 505).
 512. Ending Phase
 512.1. The ending phase consists of two steps: end and cleanup.
 513. End Step
-513.1. The end step has no turn-based actions. Once it begins, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, â€œTiming and Priority.â€)
+513.1. The end step has no turn-based actions. Once it begins, the active player gets priority. (See rule 116, “Timing and Priority.”)
-513.1a Previously, abilities that triggered at the beginning of the end step were printed with the trigger condition â€œat end of turn.â€ Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference to say â€œat the beginning of the end stepâ€ or â€œat the beginning of the next end step.â€
+513.1a Previously, abilities that triggered at the beginning of the end step were printed with the trigger condition “at end of turn.” Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference to say “at the beginning of the end step” or “at the beginning of the next end step.”
-513.2. If a permanent with an ability that triggers â€œat the beginning of the end stepâ€ enters the battlefield during this step, that ability wonâ€™t trigger until the next turnâ€™s end step. Likewise, if a delayed triggered ability that triggers â€œat the beginning of the next end stepâ€ is created during this step, that ability wonâ€™t trigger until the next turnâ€™s end step. In other words, the step doesnâ€™t â€œback upâ€ so those abilities can go on the stack. This rule applies only to triggered abilities; it doesnâ€™t apply to continuous effects whose durations say â€œuntil end of turnâ€ or â€œthis turn.â€ (See rule 514, â€œCleanup Step.â€)
+513.2. If a permanent with an ability that triggers “at the beginning of the end step” enters the battlefield during this step, that ability won’t trigger until the next turn’s end step. Likewise, if a delayed triggered ability that triggers “at the beginning of the next end step” is created during this step, that ability won’t trigger until the next turn’s end step. In other words, the step doesn’t “back up” so those abilities can go on the stack. This rule applies only to triggered abilities; it doesn’t apply to continuous effects whose durations say “until end of turn” or “this turn.” (See rule 514, “Cleanup Step.”)
 514. Cleanup Step
-514.1. First, if the active playerâ€™s hand contains more cards than his or her maximum hand size (normally seven), he or she discards enough cards to reduce his or her hand size to that number. This turn-based action doesnâ€™t use the stack.
+514.1. First, if the active player’s hand contains more cards than their maximum hand size (normally seven), they discard enough cards to reduce their hand size to that number. This turn-based action doesn’t use the stack.
-514.2. Second, the following actions happen simultaneously: all damage marked on permanents (including phased-out permanents) is removed and all â€œuntil end of turnâ€ and â€œthis turnâ€ effects end. This turn-based action doesnâ€™t use the stack.
+514.2. Second, the following actions happen simultaneously: all damage marked on permanents (including phased-out permanents) is removed and all “until end of turn” and “this turn” effects end. This turn-based action doesn’t use the stack.
 514.3. Normally, no player receives priority during the cleanup step, so no spells can be cast and no abilities can be activated. However, this rule is subject to the following exception:
-514.3a At this point, the game checks to see if any state-based actions would be performed and/or any triggered abilities are waiting to be put onto the stack (including those that trigger â€œat the beginning of the next cleanup stepâ€). If so, those state-based actions are performed, then those triggered abilities are put on the stack, then the active player gets priority. Players may cast spells and activate abilities. Once the stack is empty and all players pass in succession, another cleanup step begins.
+514.3a At this point, the game checks to see if any state-based actions would be performed and/or any triggered abilities are waiting to be put onto the stack (including those that trigger “at the beginning of the next cleanup step”). If so, those state-based actions are performed, then those triggered abilities are put on the stack, then the active player gets priority. Players may cast spells and activate abilities. Once the stack is empty and all players pass in succession, another cleanup step begins.
 6. Spells, Abilities, and Effects
 600. General
 601. Casting Spells
-601.1. Previously, the action of casting a spell, or casting a card as a spell, was referred to on cards as â€œplayingâ€ that spell or that card. Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference so they now refer to â€œcastingâ€ that spell or that card.
+601.1. Previously, the action of casting a spell, or casting a card as a spell, was referred to on cards as “playing” that spell or that card. Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference so they now refer to “casting” that spell or that card.
-601.1a Some effects still refer to â€œplayingâ€ a card. â€œPlaying a cardâ€ means playing that card as a land or casting that card as a spell, whichever is appropriate.
+601.1a Some effects still refer to “playing” a card. “Playing a card” means playing that card as a land or casting that card as a spell, whichever is appropriate.
-601.2. To cast a spell is to take it from where it is (usually the hand), put it on the stack, and pay its costs, so that it will eventually resolve and have its effect. Casting a spell includes proposal of the spell (rules 601.2aâ€“d) and determination and payment of costs (rules 601.2fâ€“h). To cast a spell, a player follows the steps listed below, in order. A player must be legally allowed to cast the spell to begin this process (see rule 601.3), ignoring any effect that would prohibit that spell from being cast based on information determined during that spellâ€™s proposal. (Such effects are considered during the check detailed in rule 601.2e.) If, at any point during the casting of a spell, a player is unable to comply with any of the steps listed below, the casting of the spell is illegal; the game returns to the moment before the casting of that spell was proposed (see rule 720, â€œHandling Illegal Actionsâ€).
+601.2. To cast a spell is to take it from where it is (usually the hand), put it on the stack, and pay its costs, so that it will eventually resolve and have its effect. Casting a spell includes proposal of the spell (rules 601.2a–d) and determination and payment of costs (rules 601.2f–h). To cast a spell, a player follows the steps listed below, in order. A player must be legally allowed to cast the spell to begin this process (see rule 601.3). If, at any point during the casting of a spell, a player is unable to comply with any of the steps listed below, the casting of the spell is illegal; the game returns to the moment before the casting of that spell was proposed (see rule 721, “Handling Illegal Actions”).
-601.2a To propose the casting of a spell, a player first moves that card (or that copy of a card) from where it is to the stack. It becomes the topmost object on the stack. It has all the characteristics of the card (or the copy of a card) associated with it, and that player becomes its controller. The spell remains on the stack until itâ€™s countered, it resolves, or an effect moves it elsewhere.
+601.2a To propose the casting of a spell, a player first moves that card (or that copy of a card) from where it is to the stack. It becomes the topmost object on the stack. It has all the characteristics of the card (or the copy of a card) associated with it, and that player becomes its controller. The spell remains on the stack until it’s countered, it resolves, or an effect moves it elsewhere.
-601.2b If the spell is modal, the player announces the mode choice (see rule 700.2). If the player wishes to splice any cards onto the spell (see rule 702.46), he or she reveals those cards in his or her hand. If the spell has alternative or additional costs that will be paid as itâ€™s being cast such as buyback or kicker costs (see rules 117.8 and 117.9), the player announces his or her intentions to pay any or all of those costs (see rule 601.2f). A player canâ€™t apply two alternative methods of casting or two alternative costs to a single spell. If the spell has a variable cost that will be paid as itâ€™s being cast (such as an {X} in its mana cost; see rule 107.3), the player announces the value of that variable. If the value of that variable is defined in the text of the spell by a choice that player would make later in the announcement or resolution of the spell, that player makes that choice at this time instead of that later time. If a cost that will be paid as the spell is being cast includes hybrid mana symbols, the player announces the nonhybrid equivalent cost he or she intends to pay. If a cost that will be paid as the spell is being cast includes Phyrexian mana symbols, the player announces whether he or she intends to pay 2 life or the corresponding colored mana cost for each of those symbols. Previously made choices (such as choosing to cast a spell with flashback from a graveyard or choosing to cast a creature with morph face down) may restrict the playerâ€™s options when making these choices.
+601.2b If the spell is modal, the player announces the mode choice (see rule 700.2). If the player wishes to splice any cards onto the spell (see rule 702.46), they reveal those cards in their hand. If the spell has alternative or additional costs that will be paid as it’s being cast such as buyback or kicker costs (see rules 117.8 and 117.9), the player announces their intentions to pay any or all of those costs (see rule 601.2f). A player can’t apply two alternative methods of casting or two alternative costs to a single spell. If the spell has a variable cost that will be paid as it’s being cast (such as an {X} in its mana cost; see rule 107.3), the player announces the value of that variable. If the value of that variable is defined in the text of the spell by a choice that player would make later in the announcement or resolution of the spell, that player makes that choice at this time instead of that later time. If a cost that will be paid as the spell is being cast includes hybrid mana symbols, the player announces the nonhybrid equivalent cost they intend to pay. If a cost that will be paid as the spell is being cast includes Phyrexian mana symbols, the player announces whether they intend to pay 2 life or the corresponding colored mana cost for each of those symbols. Previously made choices (such as choosing to cast a spell with flashback from a graveyard or choosing to cast a creature with morph face down) may restrict the player’s options when making these choices.
-601.2c The player announces his or her choice of an appropriate player, object, or zone for each target the spell requires. A spell may require some targets only if an alternative or additional cost (such as a buyback or kicker cost), or a particular mode, was chosen for it; otherwise, the spell is cast as though it did not require those targets. If the spell has a variable number of targets, the player announces how many targets he or she will choose before he or she announces those targets. In some cases, the number of targets will be defined by the spellâ€™s text. Once the number of targets the spell has is determined, that number doesnâ€™t change, even if the information used to determine the number of targets does. The same target canâ€™t be chosen multiple times for any one instance of the word â€œtargetâ€ on the spell. However, if the spell uses the word â€œtargetâ€ in multiple places, the same object, player, or zone can be chosen once for each instance of the word â€œtargetâ€ (as long as it fits the targeting criteria). If any effects say that an object or player must be chosen as a target, the player chooses targets so that he or she obeys the maximum possible number of such effects without violating any rules or effects that say that an object or player canâ€™t be chosen as a target. The chosen players, objects, and/or zones each become a target of that spell. (Any abilities that trigger when those players, objects, and/or zones become the target of a spell trigger at this point; theyâ€™ll wait to be put on the stack until the spell has finished being cast.)
+601.2c The player announces their choice of an appropriate object or player for each target the spell requires. A spell may require some targets only if an alternative or additional cost (such as a kicker cost) or a particular mode was chosen for it; otherwise, the spell is cast as though it did not require those targets. Similarly, a spell may require alternative targets only if an alternative or additional cost was chosen for it. If the spell has a variable number of targets, the player announces how many targets they will choose before they announce those targets. In some cases, the number of targets will be defined by the spell’s text. Once the number of targets the spell has is determined, that number doesn’t change, even if the information used to determine the number of targets does. The same target can’t be chosen multiple times for any one instance of the word “target” on the spell. However, if the spell uses the word “target” in multiple places, the same object or player can be chosen once for each instance of the word “target” (as long as it fits the targeting criteria). If any effects say that an object or player must be chosen as a target, the player chooses targets so that they obey the maximum possible number of such effects without violating any rules or effects that say that an object or player can’t be chosen as a target. The chosen objects and/or players each become a target of that spell. (Any abilities that trigger when those objects and/or players become the target of a spell trigger at this point; they’ll wait to be put on the stack until the spell has finished being cast.)
-Example: If a spell says â€œTap two target creatures,â€ then the same creature canâ€™t be chosen twice; the spell requires two different legal targets. A spell that says â€œDestroy target artifact and target land,â€ however, can target the same artifact land twice because it uses the word â€œtargetâ€ in multiple places.
+Example: If a spell says “Tap two target creatures,” then the same creature can’t be chosen twice; the spell requires two different legal targets. A spell that says “Destroy target artifact and target land,” however, can target the same artifact land twice because it uses the word “target” in multiple places.
 601.2d If the spell requires the player to divide or distribute an effect (such as damage or counters) among one or more targets, the player announces the division. Each of these targets must receive at least one of whatever is being divided.
-601.2e The game checks to see if the proposed spell can legally be cast. If the proposed spell is illegal, the game returns to the moment before the casting of that spell was proposed (see rule 720, â€œHandling Illegal Actionsâ€).
+601.2e The game checks to see if the proposed spell can legally be cast. If the proposed spell is illegal, the game returns to the moment before the casting of that spell was proposed (see rule 721, “Handling Illegal Actions”).
-601.2f The player determines the total cost of the spell. Usually this is just the mana cost. Some spells have additional or alternative costs. Some effects may increase or reduce the cost to pay, or may provide other alternative costs. Costs may include paying mana, tapping permanents, sacrificing permanents, discarding cards, and so on. The total cost is the mana cost or alternative cost (as determined in rule 601.2b), plus all additional costs and cost increases, and minus all cost reductions. If multiple cost reductions apply, the player may apply them in any order. If the mana component of the total cost is reduced to nothing by cost reduction effects, it is considered to be {0}. It canâ€™t be reduced to less than {0}. Once the total cost is determined, any effects that directly affect the total cost are applied. Then the resulting total cost becomes â€œlocked in.â€ If effects would change the total cost after this time, they have no effect.
+601.2f The player determines the total cost of the spell. Usually this is just the mana cost. Some spells have additional or alternative costs. Some effects may increase or reduce the cost to pay, or may provide other alternative costs. Costs may include paying mana, tapping permanents, sacrificing permanents, discarding cards, and so on. The total cost is the mana cost or alternative cost (as determined in rule 601.2b), plus all additional costs and cost increases, and minus all cost reductions. If multiple cost reductions apply, the player may apply them in any order. If the mana component of the total cost is reduced to nothing by cost reduction effects, it is considered to be {0}. It can’t be reduced to less than {0}. Once the total cost is determined, any effects that directly affect the total cost are applied. Then the resulting total cost becomes “locked in.” If effects would change the total cost after this time, they have no effect.
-601.2g If the total cost includes a mana payment, the player then has a chance to activate mana abilities (see rule 605, â€œMana Abilitiesâ€). Mana abilities must be activated before costs are paid.
+601.2g If the total cost includes a mana payment, the player then has a chance to activate mana abilities (see rule 605, “Mana Abilities”). Mana abilities must be activated before costs are paid.
-601.2h The player pays the total cost in any order. Partial payments are not allowed. Unpayable costs canâ€™t be paid.
+601.2h The player pays the total cost in any order. Partial payments are not allowed. Unpayable costs can’t be paid.
-Example: You cast Altarâ€™s Reap, which costs {1}{B} and has an additional cost of sacrificing a creature. You sacrifice Thunderscape Familiar, whose effect makes your black spells cost {1} less to cast. Because a spellâ€™s total cost is â€œlocked inâ€ before payments are actually made, you pay {B}, not {1}{B}, even though youâ€™re sacrificing the Familiar.
+Example: You cast Altar’s Reap, which costs {1}{B} and has an additional cost of sacrificing a creature. You sacrifice Thunderscape Familiar, whose effect makes your black spells cost {1} less to cast. Because a spell’s total cost is “locked in” before payments are actually made, you pay {B}, not {1}{B}, even though you’re sacrificing the Familiar.
-601.2i Once the steps described in 601.2aâ€“h are completed, effects that modify the characteristics of the spell as itâ€™s cast are applied, then the spell becomes cast. Any abilities that trigger when a spell is cast or put onto the stack trigger at this time. If the spellâ€™s controller had priority before casting it, he or she gets priority.
+601.2i Once the steps described in 601.2a–h are completed, effects that modify the characteristics of the spell as it’s cast are applied, then the spell becomes cast. Any abilities that trigger when a spell is cast or put onto the stack trigger at this time. If the spell’s controller had priority before casting it, they get priority.
-601.3. A player canâ€™t begin to cast a spell unless a rule or effect allows that player to cast it. If that player is no longer allowed to cast that spell after completing its proposal, the casting of the spell is illegal and the game returns to the moment before the casting of that spell was proposed (see rule 720, â€œHandling Illegal Actionsâ€).
+601.3. A player can’t begin to cast a spell unless a rule or effect allows that player to cast it. If that player is no longer allowed to cast that spell after completing its proposal, the casting of the spell is illegal and the game returns to the moment before the casting of that spell was proposed (see rule 721, “Handling Illegal Actions”).
-601.3a If an effect allows a player to cast a spell as though it had flash only if an alternative or additional cost is paid, that player may begin to cast that spell as though it had flash.
+601.3a If an effect prohibits a player from casting a spell with certain qualities, that player may consider any choices to be made during that spell’s proposal that may cause those qualities to change. If any such choices could cause that effect to no longer prohibit that player from casting that spell, the player may begin to cast the spell, ignoring the effect.
+Example: A player controls Void Winnower, which reads in part, “Your opponents can't cast spells with even converted mana costs.” That player’s opponent may begin to cast Rolling Thunder, a card whose mana cost is {X}{R}{R}, because the chosen value of X may cause the spell’s converted mana cost to become odd.
-601.3b If an effect allows a player to cast a spell with certain characteristics as though it had flash, that player may consider any choices to be made during that spellâ€™s proposal that may cause it to have those characteristics. If any such choices could cause it to match these characteristics, that player may begin to cast that spell.
-Example: An effect says that you may cast Aura spells as though they had flash, and you have a creature card with bestow in your hand. Because choosing the bestow abilityâ€™s alternative cost causes that spell to become an Aura spell, you may legally begin to cast that spell as though it had flash.
+601.3b If an effect allows a player to cast a spell with certain qualities as though it had flash, that player may consider any choices to be made during that spell’s proposal that may cause that spell’s qualities to change. If any such choices could cause that effect to apply, that player may begin to cast that spell as though it had flash.
+Example: An effect says that you may cast Aura spells as though they had flash, and you have a creature card with bestow in your hand. Because choosing the bestow ability’s alternative cost causes that spell to become an Aura spell, you may legally begin to cast that spell as though it had flash.
-601.4. Some spells specify that one of their controllerâ€™s opponents does something the controller would normally do while itâ€™s being cast, such as choose a mode or choose targets. In these cases, the opponent does so when the spellâ€™s controller normally would do so.
+601.3c If an effect allows a player to cast a spell as though it had flash only if an alternative or additional cost is paid, that player may begin to cast that spell as though it had flash.
-601.4a If there is more than one opponent who could make such a choice, the spellâ€™s controller decides which of those opponents will make the choice.
+601.3d If a spell would have flash only if certain conditions are met, its controller may begin to cast that spell as though it had flash if those conditions are met.
-601.4b If the spell instructs its controller and another player to do something at the same time as the spell is being cast, the spellâ€™s controller goes first, then the other player. This is an exception to rule 101.4.
+601.4. Some spells specify that one of their controller’s opponents does something the controller would normally do while it’s being cast, such as choose a mode or choose targets. In these cases, the opponent does so when the spell’s controller normally would do so.
-601.5. Casting a spell that alters costs wonâ€™t affect spells and abilities that are already on the stack.
+601.4a If there is more than one opponent who could make such a choice, the spell’s controller decides which of those opponents will make the choice.
+601.4b If the spell instructs its controller and another player to do something at the same time as the spell is being cast, the spell’s controller goes first, then the other player. This is an exception to rule 101.4.
+601.5. Casting a spell that alters costs won’t affect spells and abilities that are already on the stack.
 602. Activating Activated Abilities
-602.1. Activated abilities have a cost and an effect. They are written as â€œ[Cost]: [Effect.] [Activation instructions (if any).]â€
+602.1. Activated abilities have a cost and an effect. They are written as “[Cost]: [Effect.] [Activation instructions (if any).]”
-602.1a The activation cost is everything before the colon (:). An abilityâ€™s activation cost must be paid by the player who is activating it.
+602.1a The activation cost is everything before the colon (:). An ability’s activation cost must be paid by the player who is activating it.
-Example: The activation cost of an ability that reads â€œ{2}, {T}: You gain 1 lifeâ€ is two mana of any type plus tapping the permanent that has the ability.
+Example: The activation cost of an ability that reads “{2}, {T}: You gain 1 life” is two mana of any type plus tapping the permanent that has the ability.
-602.1b Some text after the colon of an activated ability states instructions that must be followed while activating that ability. Such text may state which players can activate that ability, may restrict when a player can activate the ability, or may define some aspect of the activation cost. This text is not part of the abilityâ€™s effect. It functions at all times. If an activated ability has any activation instructions, they appear last, after the abilityâ€™s effect.
+602.1b Some text after the colon of an activated ability states instructions that must be followed while activating that ability. Such text may state which players can activate that ability, may restrict when a player can activate the ability, or may define some aspect of the activation cost. This text is not part of the ability’s effect. It functions at all times. If an activated ability has any activation instructions, they appear last, after the ability’s effect.
 602.1c An activated ability is the only kind of ability that can be activated. If an object or rule refers to activating an ability without specifying what kind, it must be referring to an activated ability.
-602.1d Previously, the action of using an activated ability was referred to on cards as â€œplayingâ€ that ability. Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference so they now refer to â€œactivatingâ€ that ability.
+602.1d Previously, the action of using an activated ability was referred to on cards as “playing” that ability. Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference so they now refer to “activating” that ability.
-602.2. To activate an ability is to put it onto the stack and pay its costs, so that it will eventually resolve and have its effect. Only an objectâ€™s controller (or its owner, if it doesnâ€™t have a controller) can activate its activated ability unless the object specifically says otherwise. Activating an ability follows the steps listed below, in order. If, at any point during the activation of an ability, a player is unable to comply with any of those steps, the activation is illegal; the game returns to the moment before that ability started to be activated (see rule 720, â€œHandling Illegal Actionsâ€). Announcements and payments canâ€™t be altered after theyâ€™ve been made.
+602.2. To activate an ability is to put it onto the stack and pay its costs, so that it will eventually resolve and have its effect. Only an object’s controller (or its owner, if it doesn’t have a controller) can activate its activated ability unless the object specifically says otherwise. Activating an ability follows the steps listed below, in order. If, at any point during the activation of an ability, a player is unable to comply with any of those steps, the activation is illegal; the game returns to the moment before that ability started to be activated (see rule 721, “Handling Illegal Actions”). Announcements and payments can’t be altered after they’ve been made.
-602.2a The player announces that he or she is activating the ability. If an activated ability is being activated from a hidden zone, the card that has that ability is revealed. That ability is created on the stack as an object thatâ€™s not a card. It becomes the topmost object on the stack. It has the text of the ability that created it, and no other characteristics. Its controller is the player who activated the ability. The ability remains on the stack until itâ€™s countered, it resolves, or an effect moves it elsewhere.
+602.2a The player announces that they are activating the ability. If an activated ability is being activated from a hidden zone, the card that has that ability is revealed. That ability is created on the stack as an object that’s not a card. It becomes the topmost object on the stack. It has the text of the ability that created it, and no other characteristics. Its controller is the player who activated the ability. The ability remains on the stack until it’s countered, it resolves, or an effect moves it elsewhere.
-602.2b The remainder of the process for activating an ability is identical to the process for casting a spell listed in rules 601.2bâ€“i. Those rules apply to activating an ability just as they apply to casting a spell. An activated abilityâ€™s analog to a spellâ€™s mana cost (as referenced in rule 601.2f) is its activation cost.
+602.2b The remainder of the process for activating an ability is identical to the process for casting a spell listed in rules 601.2b–i. Those rules apply to activating an ability just as they apply to casting a spell. An activated ability’s analog to a spell’s mana cost (as referenced in rule 601.2f) is its activation cost.
-602.3. Some abilities specify that one of their controllerâ€™s opponents does something the controller would normally do while itâ€™s being activated, such as choose a mode or choose targets. In these cases, the opponent does so when the abilityâ€™s controller normally would do so.
+602.3. Some abilities specify that one of their controller’s opponents does something the controller would normally do while it’s being activated, such as choose a mode or choose targets. In these cases, the opponent does so when the ability’s controller normally would do so.
-602.3a If there is more than one opponent who could make such a choice, the abilityâ€™s controller decides which of those opponents will make the choice.
+602.3a If there is more than one opponent who could make such a choice, the ability’s controller decides which of those opponents will make the choice.
-602.3b If the ability instructs its controller and another player to do something at the same time as the ability is being activated, the abilityâ€™s controller goes first, then the other player. This is an exception to rule 101.4.
+602.3b If the ability instructs its controller and another player to do something at the same time as the ability is being activated, the ability’s controller goes first, then the other player. This is an exception to rule 101.4.
-602.4. Activating an ability that alters costs wonâ€™t affect spells and abilities that are already on the stack.
+602.4. Activating an ability that alters costs won’t affect spells and abilities that are already on the stack.
-602.5. A player canâ€™t begin to activate an ability thatâ€™s prohibited from being activated.
+602.5. A player can’t begin to activate an ability that’s prohibited from being activated.
-602.5a A creatureâ€™s activated ability with the tap symbol ({T}) or the untap symbol ({Q}) in its activation cost canâ€™t be activated unless the creature has been under its controllerâ€™s control since the start of his or her most recent turn. Ignore this rule for creatures with haste (see rule 702.10).
+602.5a A creature’s activated ability with the tap symbol ({T}) or the untap symbol ({Q}) in its activation cost can’t be activated unless the creature has been under its controller’s control since the start of their most recent turn. Ignore this rule for creatures with haste (see rule 702.10).
-602.5b If an activated ability has a restriction on its use (for example, â€œActivate this ability only once each turnâ€), the restriction continues to apply to that object even if its controller changes.
+602.5b If an activated ability has a restriction on its use (for example, “Activate this ability only once each turn”), the restriction continues to apply to that object even if its controller changes.
-602.5c If an object acquires an activated ability with a restriction on its use from another object, that restriction applies only to that ability as acquired from that object. It doesnâ€™t apply to other, identically worded abilities.
+602.5c If an object acquires an activated ability with a restriction on its use from another object, that restriction applies only to that ability as acquired from that object. It doesn’t apply to other, identically worded abilities.
-602.5d Activated abilities that read â€œActivate this ability only any time you could cast a sorceryâ€ mean the player must follow the timing rules for casting a sorcery spell, though the ability isnâ€™t actually a sorcery. The player doesnâ€™t actually need to have a sorcery card that he or she could cast.
+602.5d Activated abilities that read “Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery” mean the player must follow the timing rules for casting a sorcery spell, though the ability isn’t actually a sorcery. The player doesn’t actually need to have a sorcery card that they could cast.
-602.5e Activated abilities that read â€œActivate this ability only any time you could cast an instantâ€ mean the player must follow the timing rules for casting an instant spell, though the ability isnâ€™t actually an instant. The player doesnâ€™t actually need to have an instant card that he or she could cast.
+602.5e Activated abilities that read “Activate this ability only any time you could cast an instant” mean the player must follow the timing rules for casting an instant spell, though the ability isn’t actually an instant. The player doesn’t actually need to have an instant card that they could cast.
 603. Handling Triggered Abilities
-603.1. Triggered abilities have a trigger condition and an effect. They are written as â€œ[When/Whenever/At] [trigger condition or event], [effect]. [Instructions (if any).]â€
+603.1. Triggered abilities have a trigger condition and an effect. They are written as “[When/Whenever/At] [trigger condition or event], [effect]. [Instructions (if any).]”
-603.1a A triggered ability may include instructions after its effects that limit what the ability may target or state that it canâ€™t be countered. This text is not part of the abilityâ€™s effect. It functions while the ability is on the stack.
+603.1a A triggered ability may include instructions after its effects that limit what the ability may target or state that it can’t be countered. This text is not part of the ability’s effect. It functions while the ability is on the stack.
-603.2. Whenever a game event or game state matches a triggered abilityâ€™s trigger event, that ability automatically triggers. The ability doesnâ€™t do anything at this point.
+603.2. Whenever a game event or game state matches a triggered ability’s trigger event, that ability automatically triggers. The ability doesn’t do anything at this point.
-603.2a Because they arenâ€™t cast or activated, triggered abilities can trigger even when it isnâ€™t legal to cast spells and activate abilities. Effects that preclude abilities from being activated donâ€™t affect them.
+603.2a Because they aren’t cast or activated, triggered abilities can trigger even when it isn’t legal to cast spells and activate abilities. Effects that preclude abilities from being activated don’t affect them.
-603.2b When a phase or step begins, all abilities that trigger â€œat the beginning ofâ€ that phase or step trigger.
+603.2b When a phase or step begins, all abilities that trigger “at the beginning of” that phase or step trigger.
 603.2c An ability triggers only once each time its trigger event occurs. However, it can trigger repeatedly if one event contains multiple occurrences.
-Example: A permanent has an ability whose trigger condition reads, â€œWhenever a land is put into a graveyard from the battlefield, . . . .â€ If someone casts a spell that destroys all lands, the ability will trigger once for each land put into the graveyard during the spellâ€™s resolution.
+Example: A permanent has an ability whose trigger condition reads, “Whenever a land is put into a graveyard from the battlefield, . . . .” If someone casts a spell that destroys all lands, the ability will trigger once for each land put into the graveyard during the spell’s resolution.
-603.2d Some trigger events use the word â€œbecomesâ€ (for example, â€œbecomes attachedâ€ or â€œbecomes blockedâ€). These trigger only at the time the named event happensâ€”they donâ€™t trigger if that state already exists or retrigger if it persists. An ability that triggers when a permanent â€œbecomes tappedâ€ or â€œbecomes untappedâ€ doesnâ€™t trigger if the permanent enters the battlefield in that state.
+603.2d Some trigger events use the word “becomes” (for example, “becomes attached” or “becomes blocked”). These trigger only at the time the named event happens—they don’t trigger if that state already exists or retrigger if it persists. An ability that triggers when a permanent “becomes tapped” or “becomes untapped” doesn’t trigger if the permanent enters the battlefield in that state.
-Example: An ability that triggers when a permanent â€œbecomes tappedâ€ triggers only when the status of a permanent thatâ€™s already on the battlefield changes from untapped to tapped.
+Example: An ability that triggers when a permanent “becomes tapped” triggers only when the status of a permanent that’s already on the battlefield changes from untapped to tapped.
-603.2e If a triggered abilityâ€™s trigger condition is met, but the object with that triggered ability is at no time visible to all players, the ability does not trigger.
+603.2e If a triggered ability’s trigger condition is met, but the object with that triggered ability is at no time visible to all players, the ability does not trigger.
-603.2f An ability triggers only if its trigger event actually occurs. An event thatâ€™s prevented or replaced wonâ€™t trigger anything.
+603.2f An ability triggers only if its trigger event actually occurs. An event that’s prevented or replaced won’t trigger anything.
-Example: An ability that triggers on damage being dealt wonâ€™t trigger if all the damage is prevented.
+Example: An ability that triggers on damage being dealt won’t trigger if all the damage is prevented.
-603.3. Once an ability has triggered, its controller puts it on the stack as an object thatâ€™s not a card the next time a player would receive priority. See rule 116, â€œTiming and Priority.â€ The ability becomes the topmost object on the stack. It has the text of the ability that created it, and no other characteristics. It remains on the stack until itâ€™s countered, it resolves, a rule causes it to be removed from the stack, or an effect moves it elsewhere.
+603.3. Once an ability has triggered, its controller puts it on the stack as an object that’s not a card the next time a player would receive priority. See rule 116, “Timing and Priority.” The ability becomes the topmost object on the stack. It has the text of the ability that created it, and no other characteristics. It remains on the stack until it’s countered, it resolves, a rule causes it to be removed from the stack, or an effect moves it elsewhere.
-603.3a A triggered ability is controlled by the player who controlled its source at the time it triggered, unless itâ€™s a delayed triggered ability. To determine the controller of a delayed triggered ability, see rules 603.7dâ€“f.
+603.3a A triggered ability is controlled by the player who controlled its source at the time it triggered, unless it’s a delayed triggered ability. To determine the controller of a delayed triggered ability, see rules 603.7d–f.
-603.3b If multiple abilities have triggered since the last time a player received priority, each player, in APNAP order, puts triggered abilities he or she controls on the stack in any order he or she chooses. (See rule 101.4.) Then the game once again checks for and resolves state-based actions until none are performed, then abilities that triggered during this process go on the stack. This process repeats until no new state-based actions are performed and no abilities trigger. Then the appropriate player gets priority.
+603.3b If multiple abilities have triggered since the last time a player received priority, each player, in APNAP order, puts triggered abilities they control on the stack in any order they choose. (See rule 101.4.) Then the game once again checks for and resolves state-based actions until none are performed, then abilities that triggered during this process go on the stack. This process repeats until no new state-based actions are performed and no abilities trigger. Then the appropriate player gets priority.
-603.3c If a triggered ability is modal, its controller announces the mode choice when he or she puts the ability on the stack. If one of the modes would be illegal (due to an inability to choose legal targets, for example), that mode canâ€™t be chosen. If no mode can be chosen, the ability is removed from the stack. (See rule 700.2.)
+603.3c If a triggered ability is modal, its controller announces the mode choice when putting the ability on the stack. If one of the modes would be illegal (due to an inability to choose legal targets, for example), that mode can’t be chosen. If no mode can be chosen, the ability is removed from the stack. (See rule 700.2.)
-603.3d The remainder of the process for putting a triggered ability on the stack is identical to the process for casting a spell listed in rules 601.2câ€“d. If a choice is required when the triggered ability goes on the stack but no legal choices can be made for it, or if a rule or a continuous effect otherwise makes the ability illegal, the ability is simply removed from the stack.
+603.3d The remainder of the process for putting a triggered ability on the stack is identical to the process for casting a spell listed in rules 601.2c–d. If a choice is required when the triggered ability goes on the stack but no legal choices can be made for it, or if a rule or a continuous effect otherwise makes the ability illegal, the ability is simply removed from the stack.
-603.4. A triggered ability may read â€œWhen/Whenever/At [trigger event], if [condition], [effect].â€ When the trigger event occurs, the ability checks whether the stated condition is true. The ability triggers only if it is; otherwise it does nothing. If the ability triggers, it checks the stated condition again as it resolves. If the condition isnâ€™t true at that time, the ability is removed from the stack and does nothing. Note that this mirrors the check for legal targets. This rule is referred to as the â€œintervening â€˜ifâ€™ clauseâ€ rule. (The word â€œifâ€ has only its normal English meaning anywhere else in the text of a card; this rule only applies to an â€œifâ€ that immediately follows a trigger condition.)
+603.4. A triggered ability may read “When/Whenever/At [trigger event], if [condition], [effect].” When the trigger event occurs, the ability checks whether the stated condition is true. The ability triggers only if it is; otherwise it does nothing. If the ability triggers, it checks the stated condition again as it resolves. If the condition isn’t true at that time, the ability is removed from the stack and does nothing. Note that this mirrors the check for legal targets. This rule is referred to as the “intervening ‘if’ clause” rule. (The word “if” has only its normal English meaning anywhere else in the text of a card; this rule only applies to an “if” that immediately follows a trigger condition.)
-Example: Felidar Sovereign reads, â€œAt the beginning of your upkeep, if you have 40 or more life, you win the game.â€ Its controllerâ€™s life total is checked as that playerâ€™s upkeep begins. If that player has 39 or less life, the ability doesnâ€™t trigger at all. If that player has 40 or more life, the ability triggers and goes on the stack. As the ability resolves, that playerâ€™s life total is checked again. If that player has 39 or less life at this time, the ability is removed from the stack and has no effect. If that player has 40 or more life at this time, the ability resolves and that player wins the game.
+Example: Felidar Sovereign reads, “At the beginning of your upkeep, if you have 40 or more life, you win the game.” Its controller’s life total is checked as that player’s upkeep begins. If that player has 39 or less life, the ability doesn’t trigger at all. If that player has 40 or more life, the ability triggers and goes on the stack. As the ability resolves, that player’s life total is checked again. If that player has 39 or less life at this time, the ability is removed from the stack and has no effect. If that player has 40 or more life at this time, the ability resolves and that player wins the game.
-603.5. Some triggered abilitiesâ€™ effects are optional (they contain â€œmay,â€ as in â€œAt the beginning of your upkeep, you may draw a cardâ€). These abilities go on the stack when they trigger, regardless of whether their controller intends to exercise the abilityâ€™s option or not. The choice is made when the ability resolves. Likewise, triggered abilities that have an effect â€œunlessâ€ something is true or a player chooses to do something will go on the stack normally; the â€œunlessâ€ part of the ability is dealt with when the ability resolves.
+603.5. Some triggered abilities’ effects are optional (they contain “may,” as in “At the beginning of your upkeep, you may draw a card”). These abilities go on the stack when they trigger, regardless of whether their controller intends to exercise the ability’s option or not. The choice is made when the ability resolves. Likewise, triggered abilities that have an effect “unless” something is true or a player chooses to do something will go on the stack normally; the “unless” part of the ability is dealt with when the ability resolves.
-603.6. Trigger events that involve objects changing zones are called â€œzone-change triggers.â€ Many abilities with zone-change triggers attempt to do something to that object after it changes zones. During resolution, these abilities look for the object in the zone that it moved to. If the object is unable to be found in the zone it went to, the part of the ability attempting to do something to the object will fail to do anything. The ability could be unable to find the object because the object never entered the specified zone, because it left the zone before the ability resolved, or because it is in a zone that is hidden from a player, such as a library or an opponentâ€™s hand. (This rule applies even if the object leaves the zone and returns again before the ability resolves.) The most common zone-change triggers are enters-the-battlefield triggers and leaves-the-battlefield triggers.
+603.6. Trigger events that involve objects changing zones are called “zone-change triggers.” Many abilities with zone-change triggers attempt to do something to that object after it changes zones. During resolution, these abilities look for the object in the zone that it moved to. If the object is unable to be found in the zone it went to, the part of the ability attempting to do something to the object will fail to do anything. The ability could be unable to find the object because the object never entered the specified zone, because it left the zone before the ability resolved, or because it is in a zone that is hidden from a player, such as a library or an opponent’s hand. (This rule applies even if the object leaves the zone and returns again before the ability resolves.) The most common zone-change triggers are enters-the-battlefield triggers and leaves-the-battlefield triggers.
-603.6a Enters-the-battlefield abilities trigger when a permanent enters the battlefield. These are written, â€œWhen [this object] enters the battlefield, . . . â€œ or â€œWhenever a [type] enters the battlefield, . . .â€ Each time an event puts one or more permanents onto the battlefield, all permanents on the battlefield (including the newcomers) are checked for any enters-the-battlefield triggers that match the event.
+603.6a Enters-the-battlefield abilities trigger when a permanent enters the battlefield. These are written, “When [this object] enters the battlefield, . . . “ or “Whenever a [type] enters the battlefield, . . .” Each time an event puts one or more permanents onto the battlefield, all permanents on the battlefield (including the newcomers) are checked for any enters-the-battlefield triggers that match the event.
-603.6b Continuous effects that modify characteristics of a permanent do so the moment the permanent is on the battlefield (and not before then). The permanent is never on the battlefield with its unmodified characteristics. Continuous effects donâ€™t apply before the permanent is on the battlefield, however (see rule 603.6d).
+603.6b Continuous effects that modify characteristics of a permanent do so the moment the permanent is on the battlefield (and not before then). The permanent is never on the battlefield with its unmodified characteristics. Continuous effects don’t apply before the permanent is on the battlefield, however (see rule 603.6d).
-Example: If an effect reads â€œAll lands are creaturesâ€ and a land card is played, the effect makes the land card into a creature the moment it enters the battlefield, so it would trigger abilities that trigger when a creature enters the battlefield. Conversely, if an effect reads â€œAll creatures lose all abilitiesâ€ and a creature card with an enters-the-battlefield triggered ability enters the battlefield, that effect will cause it to lose its abilities the moment it enters the battlefield, so the enters-the-battlefield ability wonâ€™t trigger.
+Example: If an effect reads “All lands are creatures” and a land card is played, the effect makes the land card into a creature the moment it enters the battlefield, so it would trigger abilities that trigger when a creature enters the battlefield. Conversely, if an effect reads “All creatures lose all abilities” and a creature card with an enters-the-battlefield triggered ability enters the battlefield, that effect will cause it to lose its abilities the moment it enters the battlefield, so the enters-the-battlefield ability won’t trigger.
-603.6c Leaves-the-battlefield abilities trigger when a permanent moves from the battlefield to another zone, or when a phased-in permanent leaves the game because its owner leaves the game. These are written as, but arenâ€™t limited to, â€œWhen [this object] leaves the battlefield, . . .â€ or â€œWhenever [something] is put into a graveyard from the battlefield, . . . .â€ (See also rule 603.10.) An ability that attempts to do something to the card that left the battlefield checks for it only in the first zone that it went to. An ability that triggers when a card is put into a certain zone â€œfrom anywhereâ€ is never treated as a leaves-the-battlefield ability, even if an object is put into that zone from the battlefield.
+603.6c Leaves-the-battlefield abilities trigger when a permanent moves from the battlefield to another zone, or when a phased-in permanent leaves the game because its owner leaves the game. These are written as, but aren’t limited to, “When [this object] leaves the battlefield, . . .” or “Whenever [something] is put into a graveyard from the battlefield, . . . .” (See also rule 603.10.) An ability that attempts to do something to the card that left the battlefield checks for it only in the first zone that it went to. An ability that triggers when a card is put into a certain zone “from anywhere” is never treated as a leaves-the-battlefield ability, even if an object is put into that zone from the battlefield.
-603.6d Some permanents have text that reads â€œ[This permanent] enters the battlefield with . . . ,â€ â€œAs [this permanent] enters the battlefield . . . ,â€ â€œ[This permanent] enters the battlefield as . . . ,â€ or â€œ[This permanent] enters the battlefield tapped.â€ Such text is a static abilityâ€”not a triggered abilityâ€”whose effect occurs as part of the event that puts the permanent onto the battlefield.
+603.6d Some permanents have text that reads “[This permanent] enters the battlefield with . . . ,” “As [this permanent] enters the battlefield . . . ,” “[This permanent] enters the battlefield as . . . ,” or “[This permanent] enters the battlefield tapped.” Such text is a static ability—not a triggered ability—whose effect occurs as part of the event that puts the permanent onto the battlefield.
-603.6e Some Auras have triggered abilities that trigger on the enchanted permanent leaving the battlefield. These triggered abilities can find the new object that permanent card became in the zone it moved to; they can also find the new object the Aura card became in its ownerâ€™s graveyard after state-based actions have been checked. See rule 400.7.
+603.6e Some Auras have triggered abilities that trigger on the enchanted permanent leaving the battlefield. These triggered abilities can find the new object that permanent card became in the zone it moved to; they can also find the new object the Aura card became in its owner’s graveyard after state-based actions have been checked. See rule 400.7.
-603.7. An effect may create a delayed triggered ability that can do something at a later time. A delayed triggered ability will contain â€œwhen,â€ â€œwhenever,â€ or â€œat,â€ although that word wonâ€™t usually begin the ability.
+603.7. An effect may create a delayed triggered ability that can do something at a later time. A delayed triggered ability will contain “when,” “whenever,” or “at,” although that word won’t usually begin the ability.
-603.7a Delayed triggered abilities are created during the resolution of spells or abilities, as the result of a replacement effect being applied, or as a result of a static ability that allows a player to take an action. A delayed triggered ability wonâ€™t trigger until it has actually been created, even if its trigger event occurred just beforehand. Other events that happen earlier may make the trigger event impossible.
+603.7a Delayed triggered abilities are created during the resolution of spells or abilities, as the result of a replacement effect being applied, or as a result of a static ability that allows a player to take an action. A delayed triggered ability won’t trigger until it has actually been created, even if its trigger event occurred just beforehand. Other events that happen earlier may make the trigger event impossible.
-Example: Part of an effect reads â€œWhen this creature leaves the battlefield,â€ but the creature in question leaves the battlefield before the spell or ability creating the effect resolves. In this case, the delayed ability never triggers.
+Example: Part of an effect reads “When this creature leaves the battlefield,” but the creature in question leaves the battlefield before the spell or ability creating the effect resolves. In this case, the delayed ability never triggers.
-Example: If an effect reads â€œWhen this creature becomes untappedâ€ and the named creature becomes untapped before the effect resolves, the ability waits for the next time that creature untaps.
+Example: If an effect reads “When this creature becomes untapped” and the named creature becomes untapped before the effect resolves, the ability waits for the next time that creature untaps.
-603.7b A delayed triggered ability will trigger only onceâ€”the next time its trigger event occursâ€”unless it has a stated duration, such as â€œthis turn.â€
+603.7b A delayed triggered ability will trigger only once—the next time its trigger event occurs—unless it has a stated duration, such as “this turn.”
-603.7c A delayed triggered ability that refers to a particular object still affects it even if the object changes characteristics. However, if that object is no longer in the zone itâ€™s expected to be in at the time the delayed triggered ability resolves, the ability wonâ€™t affect it. (Note that if that object left that zone and then returned, itâ€™s a new object and thus wonâ€™t be affected. See rule 400.7.)
+603.7c A delayed triggered ability that refers to a particular object still affects it even if the object changes characteristics. However, if that object is no longer in the zone it’s expected to be in at the time the delayed triggered ability resolves, the ability won’t affect it. (Note that if that object left that zone and then returned, it’s a new object and thus won’t be affected. See rule 400.7.)
-Example: An ability that reads â€œExile this creature at the beginning of the next end stepâ€ will exile the permanent even if itâ€™s no longer a creature during the next end step. However, it wonâ€™t do anything if the permanent left the battlefield before then.
+Example: An ability that reads “Exile this creature at the beginning of the next end step” will exile the permanent even if it’s no longer a creature during the next end step. However, it won’t do anything if the permanent left the battlefield before then.
 603.7d If a spell creates a delayed triggered ability, the source of that delayed triggered ability is that spell. The controller of that delayed triggered ability is the player who controlled that spell as it resolved.
 603.7e If an activated or triggered ability creates a delayed triggered ability, the source of that delayed triggered ability is the same as the source of that other ability. The controller of that delayed triggered ability is the player who controlled that other ability as it resolved.
 603.7f If a static ability generates a replacement effect which causes a delayed triggered ability to be created, the source of that delayed triggered ability is the object with that static ability. The controller of that delayed triggered ability is the same as the controller of that object at the time the replacement effect was applied.
 603.7g If a static ability allows a player to take an action and creates a delayed triggered ability if that player does so, the source of that delayed triggered ability is the object with that static ability. The controller of that delayed triggered ability is the same as the controller of that object at the time the action was taken.
-603.8. Some triggered abilities trigger when a game state (such as a player controlling no permanents of a particular card type) is true, rather than triggering when an event occurs. These abilities trigger as soon as the game state matches the condition. Theyâ€™ll go onto the stack at the next available opportunity. These are called state triggers. (Note that state triggers arenâ€™t the same as state-based actions.) A state-triggered ability doesnâ€™t trigger again until the ability has resolved, has been countered, or has otherwise left the stack. Then, if the object with the ability is still in the same zone and the game state still matches its trigger condition, the ability will trigger again.
+603.8. Some triggered abilities trigger when a game state (such as a player controlling no permanents of a particular card type) is true, rather than triggering when an event occurs. These abilities trigger as soon as the game state matches the condition. They’ll go onto the stack at the next available opportunity. These are called state triggers. (Note that state triggers aren’t the same as state-based actions.) A state-triggered ability doesn’t trigger again until the ability has resolved, has been countered, or has otherwise left the stack. Then, if the object with the ability is still in the same zone and the game state still matches its trigger condition, the ability will trigger again.
-Example: A permanentâ€™s ability reads, â€œWhenever you have no cards in hand, draw a card.â€ If its controller plays the last card from his or her hand, the ability will trigger once and wonâ€™t trigger again until it has resolved. If its controller casts a spell that reads â€œDiscard your hand, then draw that many cards,â€ the ability will trigger during the spellâ€™s resolution because the playerâ€™s hand was momentarily empty.
+Example: A permanent’s ability reads, “Whenever you have no cards in hand, draw a card.” If its controller plays the last card from their hand, the ability will trigger once and won’t trigger again until it has left the stack. If its controller casts a spell that reads “Discard your hand, then draw that many cards,” the ability will trigger during the spell’s resolution because the player’s hand was momentarily empty.
 603.9. Some triggered abilities trigger specifically when a player loses the game. These abilities trigger when a player loses or leaves the game, regardless of the reason, unless that player leaves the game as the result of a draw. See rule 104.3.
-603.10. Normally, objects that exist immediately after an event are checked to see if the event matched any trigger conditions, and continuous effects that exist at that time are used to determine what the trigger conditions are and what the objects involved in the event look like. However, some triggered abilities are exceptions to this rule; the game â€œlooks back in timeâ€ to determine if those abilities trigger, using the existence of those abilities and the appearance of objects immediately prior to the event. The list of exceptions is as follows:
+603.10. Normally, objects that exist immediately after an event are checked to see if the event matched any trigger conditions, and continuous effects that exist at that time are used to determine what the trigger conditions are and what the objects involved in the event look like. However, some triggered abilities are exceptions to this rule; the game “looks back in time” to determine if those abilities trigger, using the existence of those abilities and the appearance of objects immediately prior to the event. The list of exceptions is as follows:
 603.10a Some zone-change triggers look back in time. These are leaves-the-battlefield abilities, abilities that trigger when a card leaves a graveyard, and abilities that trigger when an object that all players can see is put into a hand or library.
-Example: Two creatures are on the battlefield along with an artifact that has the ability â€œWhenever a creature dies, you gain 1 life.â€ Someone plays a spell that destroys all artifacts, creatures, and enchantments. The artifactâ€™s ability triggers twice, even though the artifact goes to its ownerâ€™s graveyard at the same time as the creatures.
+Example: Two creatures are on the battlefield along with an artifact that has the ability “Whenever a creature dies, you gain 1 life.” Someone casts a spell that destroys all artifacts, creatures, and enchantments. The artifact’s ability triggers twice, even though the artifact goes to its owner’s graveyard at the same time as the creatures.
 603.10b Abilities that trigger when a permanent phases out look back in time.
 603.10c Abilities that trigger specifically when an object becomes unattached look back in time.
 603.10f Abilities that trigger when a player loses the game look back in time.
 603.10g Abilities that trigger when a player planeswalks away from a plane look back in time.
-603.11. Some objects have a static ability thatâ€™s linked to one or more triggered abilities. (See rule 607, â€œLinked Abilities.â€) These objects combine the abilities into one paragraph, with the static ability first, followed by each triggered ability thatâ€™s linked to it. A very few objects have triggered abilities which are written with the trigger condition in the middle of the ability, rather than at the beginning.
+603.11. Some objects have a static ability that’s linked to one or more triggered abilities. (See rule 607, “Linked Abilities.”) These objects combine the abilities into one paragraph, with the static ability first, followed by each triggered ability that’s linked to it. A very few objects have triggered abilities which are written with the trigger condition in the middle of the ability, rather than at the beginning.
-Example: An ability that reads â€œReveal the first card you draw each turn. Whenever you reveal a basic land card this way, draw a cardâ€ is a static ability linked to a triggered ability.
+Example: An ability that reads “Reveal the first card you draw each turn. Whenever you reveal a basic land card this way, draw a card” is a static ability linked to a triggered ability.
-603.12. A resolving spell or ability may allow a player to take an action and create a triggered ability that triggers â€œwhen [a player] [does or doesnâ€™t]â€ take that action. These reflexive triggered abilities follow the rules for delayed triggered abilities (see rule 603.7), except that theyâ€™re checked immediately after being created and trigger based on whether the trigger event occurred earlier during the resolution of the spell or ability that created them.
+603.12. A resolving spell or ability may allow or instruct a player to take an action and create a triggered ability that triggers “when [a player] [does or doesn’t]” take that action or “when [something happens] this way.” These reflexive triggered abilities follow the rules for delayed triggered abilities (see rule 603.7), except that they’re checked immediately after being created and trigger based on whether the trigger event occurred earlier during the resolution of the spell or ability that created them.
-Example: Heart-Piercer Manticore has an ability that reads â€œWhen Heart-Piercer Manticore enters the battlefield, you may sacrifice another creature. When you do, Heart-Piercer Manticore deals damage equal to that creatureâ€™s power to target creature or player.â€ The reflexive triggered ability triggers only when you sacrifice another creature due to the original triggered ability, and not if you sacrifice a creature for any other reason.
+Example: Heart-Piercer Manticore has an ability that reads “When Heart-Piercer Manticore enters the battlefield, you may sacrifice another creature. When you do, Heart-Piercer Manticore deals damage equal to that creature’s power to any target.” The reflexive triggered ability triggers only when you sacrifice another creature due to the original triggered ability, and not if you sacrifice a creature for any other reason.
 604. Handling Static Abilities
-604.1. Static abilities do something all the time rather than being activated or triggered. They are written as statements, and theyâ€™re simply true.
+604.1. Static abilities do something all the time rather than being activated or triggered. They are written as statements, and they’re simply true.
 604.2. Static abilities create continuous effects, some of which are prevention effects or replacement effects. These effects are active as long as the permanent with the ability remains on the battlefield and has the ability, or as long as the object with the ability remains in the appropriate zone, as described in rule 112.6.
-604.3. Some static abilities are characteristic-defining abilities. A characteristic-defining ability conveys information about an objectâ€™s characteristics that would normally be found elsewhere on that object (such as in its mana cost, type line, or power/toughness box) or overrides information found elsewhere on that object. Characteristic-defining abilities function in all zones. They also function outside the game.
+604.3. Some static abilities are characteristic-defining abilities. A characteristic-defining ability conveys information about an object’s characteristics that would normally be found elsewhere on that object (such as in its mana cost, type line, or power/toughness box) or overrides information found elsewhere on that object. Characteristic-defining abilities function in all zones. They also function outside the game.
-604.3a A static ability is a characteristic-defining ability if it meets the following criteria: (1) It defines an objectâ€™s colors, subtypes, power, or toughness; (2) it is printed on the card it affects, it was granted to the token it affects by the effect that created the token, or it was acquired by the object it affects as the result of a copy effect or text-changing effect; (3) it does not directly affect the characteristics of any other objects; (4) it is not an ability that an object grants to itself; and (5) it does not set the values of such characteristics only if certain conditions are met.
+604.3a A static ability is a characteristic-defining ability if it meets the following criteria: (1) It defines an object’s colors, subtypes, power, or toughness; (2) it is printed on the card it affects, it was granted to the token it affects by the effect that created the token, or it was acquired by the object it affects as the result of a copy effect or text-changing effect; (3) it does not directly affect the characteristics of any other objects; (4) it is not an ability that an object grants to itself; and (5) it does not set the values of such characteristics only if certain conditions are met.
-604.4. Many Auras, Equipment, and Fortifications have static abilities that modify the object theyâ€™re attached to, but those abilities donâ€™t target that object. If an Aura, Equipment, or Fortification is moved to a different object, the ability stops applying to the original object and starts modifying the new one.
+604.4. Many Auras, Equipment, and Fortifications have static abilities that modify the object they’re attached to, but those abilities don’t target that object. If an Aura, Equipment, or Fortification is moved to a different object, the ability stops applying to the original object and starts modifying the new one.
-604.5. Some static abilities apply while a spell is on the stack. These are often abilities that refer to countering the spell. Also, abilities that say â€œAs an additional cost to cast . . . ,â€ â€œYou may pay [cost] rather than pay [this object]â€™s mana cost,â€ and â€œYou may cast [this object] without paying its mana costâ€ work while a spell is on the stack.
+604.5. Some static abilities apply while a spell is on the stack. These are often abilities that refer to countering the spell. Also, abilities that say “As an additional cost to cast . . . ,” “You may pay [cost] rather than pay [this object]’s mana cost,” and “You may cast [this object] without paying its mana cost” work while a spell is on the stack.
-604.6. Some static abilities apply while a card is in any zone that you could cast or play it from (usually your hand). These are limited to those that read, â€œYou may [cast/play] [this card] . . . ,â€ â€œYou canâ€™t [cast/play] [this card] . . . ,â€ and â€œ[Cast/Play] [this card] only . . . .â€
+604.6. Some static abilities apply while a card is in any zone that you could cast or play it from (usually your hand). These are limited to those that read, “You may [cast/play] [this card] . . . ,” “You can’t [cast/play] [this card] . . . ,” and “[Cast/Play] [this card] only . . . .”
-604.7. Unlike spells and other kinds of abilities, static abilities canâ€™t use an objectâ€™s last known information for purposes of determining how their effects are applied.
+604.7. Unlike spells and other kinds of abilities, static abilities can’t use an object’s last known information for purposes of determining how their effects are applied.
 605. Mana Abilities
-605.1. Some activated abilities and some triggered abilities are mana abilities, which are subject to special rules. Only abilities that meet either of the following two sets of criteria are mana abilities, regardless of what other effects they may generate or what timing restrictions (such as â€œActivate this ability only any time you could cast an instantâ€) they may have.
+605.1. Some activated abilities and some triggered abilities are mana abilities, which are subject to special rules. Only abilities that meet either of the following two sets of criteria are mana abilities, regardless of what other effects they may generate or what timing restrictions (such as “Activate this ability only any time you could cast an instant”) they may have.
-605.1a An activated ability is a mana ability if it meets all of the following criteria: it doesnâ€™t have a target, it could add mana to a playerâ€™s mana pool when it resolves, and itâ€™s not a loyalty ability. (See rule 606, â€œLoyalty Abilities.â€)
+605.1a An activated ability is a mana ability if it meets all of the following criteria: it doesn’t have a target, it could add mana to a player’s mana pool when it resolves, and it’s not a loyalty ability. (See rule 606, “Loyalty Abilities.”)
-605.1b A triggered ability is a mana ability if it meets all of the following criteria: it doesnâ€™t have a target, it triggers from the resolution of an activated mana ability (see rule 106.11a) or from mana being added to a playerâ€™s mana pool, and it could add mana to a playerâ€™s mana pool when it resolves.
+605.1b A triggered ability is a mana ability if it meets all of the following criteria: it doesn’t have a target, it triggers from the resolution of an activated mana ability (see rule 106.11a) or from mana being added to a player’s mana pool, and it could add mana to a player’s mana pool when it resolves.
-605.2. A mana ability remains a mana ability even if the game state doesnâ€™t allow it to produce mana.
+605.2. A mana ability remains a mana ability even if the game state doesn’t allow it to produce mana.
-Example: A permanent has an ability that reads â€œ{T}: Add {G} to your mana pool for each creature you control.â€ This is still a mana ability even if you control no creatures or if the permanent is already tapped.
+Example: A permanent has an ability that reads “{T}: Add {G} for each creature you control.” The ability is still a mana ability even if you control no creatures or if the permanent is already tapped.
 605.3. Activating an activated mana ability follows the rules for activating any other activated ability (see rule 602.2), with the following exceptions:
-605.3a A player may activate an activated mana ability whenever he or she has priority, whenever he or she is casting a spell or activating an ability that requires a mana payment, or whenever a rule or effect asks for a mana payment, even if itâ€™s in the middle of casting or resolving a spell or activating or resolving an ability.
+605.3a A player may activate an activated mana ability whenever they have priority, whenever they are casting a spell or activating an ability that requires a mana payment, or whenever a rule or effect asks for a mana payment, even if it’s in the middle of casting or resolving a spell or activating or resolving an ability.
-605.3b An activated mana ability doesnâ€™t go on the stack, so it canâ€™t be targeted, countered, or otherwise responded to. Rather, it resolves immediately after it is activated. (See rule 405.6c.)
+605.3b An activated mana ability doesn’t go on the stack, so it can’t be targeted, countered, or otherwise responded to. Rather, it resolves immediately after it is activated. (See rule 405.6c.)
-605.3c Once a player begins to activate a mana ability, that ability canâ€™t be activated again until it has resolved.
+605.3c Once a player begins to activate a mana ability, that ability can’t be activated again until it has resolved.
-605.4. Triggered mana abilities follow all the rules for other triggered abilities (see rule 603, â€œHandling Triggered Abilitiesâ€), with the following exception:
+605.4. Triggered mana abilities follow all the rules for other triggered abilities (see rule 603, “Handling Triggered Abilities”), with the following exception:
-605.4a A triggered mana ability doesnâ€™t go on the stack, so it canâ€™t be targeted, countered, or otherwise responded to. Rather, it resolves immediately after the mana ability that triggered it, without waiting for priority.
+605.4a A triggered mana ability doesn’t go on the stack, so it can’t be targeted, countered, or otherwise responded to. Rather, it resolves immediately after the mana ability that triggered it, without waiting for priority.
-Example: An enchantment reads, â€œWhenever a player taps a land for mana, that player adds one mana to his or her mana pool of any type that land produced.â€ If a player taps lands for mana while casting a spell, the additional mana is added to the playerâ€™s mana pool immediately and can be used to pay for the spell.
+Example: An enchantment reads, “Whenever a player taps a land for mana, that player adds one mana of any type that land produced.” If a player taps lands for mana while casting a spell, the additional mana is added immediately and can be used to pay for the spell.
-605.5. Abilities that donâ€™t meet the criteria specified in rules 605.1aâ€“b and spells arenâ€™t mana abilities.
+605.5. Abilities that don’t meet the criteria specified in rules 605.1a–b and spells aren’t mana abilities.
-605.5a An ability with a target is not a mana ability, even if it could put mana into a playerâ€™s mana pool when it resolves. The same is true for a triggered ability that could produce mana but triggers from an event other than activating a mana ability, or a triggered ability that triggers from activating a mana ability but couldnâ€™t produce mana. These follow the normal rules for activated or triggered abilities, as appropriate.
+605.5a An ability with a target is not a mana ability, even if it could put mana into a player’s mana pool when it resolves. The same is true for a triggered ability that could produce mana but triggers from an event other than activating a mana ability, or a triggered ability that triggers from activating a mana ability but couldn’t produce mana. These follow the normal rules for activated or triggered abilities, as appropriate.
-605.5b A spell can never be a mana ability, even if it could put mana into a playerâ€™s mana pool when it resolves. Itâ€™s cast and resolves just like any other spell. Some older cards were printed with the card type â€œmana sourceâ€; these cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference and are now instants.
+605.5b A spell can never be a mana ability, even if it could put mana into a player’s mana pool when it resolves. It’s cast and resolves just like any other spell. Some older cards were printed with the card type “mana source”; these cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference and are now instants.
 606. Loyalty Abilities
 606.1. Some activated abilities are loyalty abilities, which are subject to special rules.
 606.2. An activated ability with a loyalty symbol in its cost is a loyalty ability. Normally, only planeswalkers have loyalty abilities.
-606.3. A player may activate a loyalty ability of a permanent he or she controls any time he or she has priority and the stack is empty during a main phase of his or her turn, but only if no player has previously activated a loyalty ability of that permanent that turn.
+606.3. A player may activate a loyalty ability of a permanent they control any time they have priority and the stack is empty during a main phase of their turn, but only if no player has previously activated a loyalty ability of that permanent that turn.
-606.4. The cost to activate a loyalty ability of a permanent is to put on or remove from that permanent a certain number of loyalty counters, as shown by the loyalty symbol in the abilityâ€™s cost.
+606.4. The cost to activate a loyalty ability of a permanent is to put on or remove from that permanent a certain number of loyalty counters, as shown by the loyalty symbol in the ability’s cost.
-606.5. A loyalty ability with a negative loyalty cost canâ€™t be activated unless the permanent has at least that many loyalty counters on it.
+606.5. A loyalty ability with a negative loyalty cost can’t be activated unless the permanent has at least that many loyalty counters on it.
 607. Linked Abilities
 607.1. An object may have two abilities printed on it such that one of them causes actions to be taken or objects or players to be affected and the other one directly refers to those actions, objects, or players. If so, these two abilities are linked: the second refers only to actions that were taken or objects or players that were affected by the first, and not by any other ability.
-607.1a An ability printed on an object within another ability that grants that ability to that object is still considered to be â€œprinted onâ€ that object for these purposes.
+607.1a An ability printed on an object within another ability that grants that ability to that object is considered to be “printed on” that object for these purposes.
-607.1b An ability printed on an object that fulfills both criteria described in rule 607.1 is linked to itself.
+607.1b An ability printed on either face of a double-faced card (see rule 711) is considered to be “printed on” that object for these purposes, regardless of which face is up.
+607.1c An ability printed on an object that fulfills both criteria described in rule 607.1 is linked to itself.
 607.2. There are different kinds of linked abilities.
-607.2a If an object has an activated or triggered ability printed on it that instructs a player to exile one or more cards and an ability printed on it that refers either to â€œthe exiled cardsâ€ or to cards â€œexiled with [this object],â€ these abilities are linked. The second ability refers only to cards in the exile zone that were put there as a result of an instruction to exile them in the first ability.
+607.2a If an object has an activated or triggered ability printed on it that instructs a player to exile one or more cards and an ability printed on it that refers either to “the exiled cards” or to cards “exiled with [this object],” these abilities are linked. The second ability refers only to cards in the exile zone that were put there as a result of an instruction to exile them in the first ability.
-607.2b If an object has an ability printed on it that generates a replacement effect which causes one or more cards to be exiled and an ability printed on it that refers either to â€œthe exiled cardsâ€ or to cards â€œexiled with [this object],â€ these abilities are linked. The second ability refers only to cards in the exile zone that were put there as a direct result of a replacement event caused by the first ability. See rule 614, â€œReplacement Effects.â€
+607.2b If an object has an ability printed on it that generates a replacement effect which causes one or more cards to be exiled and an ability printed on it that refers either to “the exiled cards” or to cards “exiled with [this object],” these abilities are linked. The second ability refers only to cards in the exile zone that were put there as a direct result of a replacement event caused by the first ability. See rule 614, “Replacement Effects.”
-607.2c If an object has an activated or triggered ability printed on it that puts one or more objects onto the battlefield and an ability printed on it that refers to objects â€œput onto the battlefield with [this object]â€ or â€œcreated with [this object],â€ those abilities are linked. The second can refer only to objects put onto the battlefield as a result of the first.
+607.2c If an object has an activated or triggered ability printed on it that puts one or more objects onto the battlefield and an ability printed on it that refers to objects “put onto the battlefield with [this object]” or “created with [this object],” those abilities are linked. The second can refer only to objects put onto the battlefield as a result of the first.
-607.2d If an object has an ability printed on it that causes a player to â€œchoose a [value]â€ and an ability printed on it that refers to â€œthe chosen [value],â€ â€œthe last chosen [value],â€ or similar, those abilities are linked. The second ability refers only to a choice made as a result of the first ability.
+607.2d If an object has an ability printed on it that causes a player to “choose a [value]” and an ability printed on it that refers to “the chosen [value],” “the last chosen [value],” or similar, those abilities are linked. The second ability refers only to a choice made as a result of the first ability.
 607.2e If an object has an ability printed on it that causes a player to choose from between two or more words that otherwise have no rules meaning and an ability printed on it that refers to a choice involving one or more of those words, those abilities are linked. The second can refer only to a choice made as a result of the first ability.
-607.2f If an object has an ability printed on it that causes a player to pay a cost as it enters the battlefield and an ability printed on it that refers to the cost paid â€œas [this object] entered the battlefield,â€ these abilities are linked. The second ability refers only to a cost paid as a result of the first ability.
+607.2f If an object has an ability printed on it that causes a player to pay a cost as it enters the battlefield and an ability printed on it that refers to the cost paid “as [this object] entered the battlefield,” these abilities are linked. The second ability refers only to a cost paid as a result of the first ability.
 607.2g If an object has both a static ability and one or more triggered abilities printed on it in the same paragraph, each of those triggered abilities is linked to the static ability. Each triggered ability refers only to actions taken as a result of the static ability. See rule 603.11.
-607.2h If an object has a kicker ability printed on it and an ability printed on it that refers to whether that object was kicked, those abilities are linked. The second refers only to whether the intent to pay the kicker cost listed in the first was declared as the object was cast as a spell. If a kicker ability lists multiple costs, it will have multiple abilities linked to it. Each of those abilities will specify which kicker cost it refers to. See rule 702.32, â€œKicker.â€
+607.2h If an object has a kicker ability printed on it and an ability printed on it that refers to whether that object was kicked, those abilities are linked. The second refers only to whether the intent to pay the kicker cost listed in the first was declared as the object was cast as a spell. If a kicker ability lists multiple costs, it will have multiple abilities linked to it. Each of those abilities will specify which kicker cost it refers to. See rule 702.32, “Kicker.”
-607.2i If an object has an ability printed on it that causes a player to pay a variable additional cost as itâ€™s cast and an ability printed on it that refers to the cost paid â€œas [this object] was cast,â€ these abilities are linked. The second refers only to the value chosen for the cost listed in the first as the object was cast as a spell. See rule 601.2b.
+607.2i If an object has an ability printed on it that causes a player to pay a variable additional cost as it’s cast and an ability printed on it that refers to the cost paid “as [this object] was cast,” these abilities are linked. The second refers only to the value chosen for the cost listed in the first as the object was cast as a spell. See rule 601.2b.
-607.2j The two abilities represented by the champion keyword are linked abilities. See rule 702.71, â€œChampion.â€
+607.2j The two abilities represented by the champion keyword are linked abilities. See rule 702.71, “Champion.”
 607.2k Abilities preceded by an anchor word are linked to the ability that allows a player to choose that anchor word. See rule 614.12b.
-607.2m If an object has a static ability printed on it that allows a player to exile one or more cards â€œbefore you shuffle your deck to start the gameâ€ and an ability printed on it that refers to cards â€œexiled with cards named [this objectâ€™s name],â€ the second ability is linked to the first ability of any objects that had the specified name before the game began.
+607.2m If an object has a static ability printed on it that allows a player to exile one or more cards “before you shuffle your deck to start the game” and an ability printed on it that refers to cards “exiled with cards named [this object’s name],” the second ability is linked to the first ability of any objects that had the specified name before the game began.
-607.3. If, within a pair of linked abilities, one ability refers to a single object as â€œthe exiled card,â€ â€œa card exiled with [this card],â€ or a similar phrase, and the other ability has exiled multiple cards (usually because it was copied), the ability refers to each of the exiled cards. If that ability asks for any information about the exiled card, such as a characteristic or converted mana cost, it gets multiple answers. If these answers are used to determine the value of a variable, the sum of the answers is used. If that ability performs any actions on the exiled card, it performs that action on each exiled card.
+607.3. If, within a pair of linked abilities, one ability refers to a single object as “the exiled card,” “a card exiled with [this card],” or a similar phrase, and the other ability has exiled multiple cards (usually because it was copied), the ability refers to each of the exiled cards. If that ability asks for any information about the exiled card, such as a characteristic or converted mana cost, it gets multiple answers. If these answers are used to determine the value of a variable, the sum of the answers is used. If that ability performs any actions on the exiled card, it performs that action on each exiled card.
 607.4. An ability may be part of more than one pair of linked abilities.
-Example: Paradise Plume has the following three abilities: â€œAs Paradise Plume enters the battlefield, choose a color,â€ â€œWhenever a player casts a spell of the chosen color, you may gain 1 life,â€ and â€œ{T}: Add one mana of the chosen color to your mana pool.â€ The first and second abilities are linked. The first and third abilities are linked.
+Example: Paradise Plume has the following three abilities: “As Paradise Plume enters the battlefield, choose a color,” “Whenever a player casts a spell of the chosen color, you may gain 1 life,” and “{T}: Add one mana of the chosen color.” The first and second abilities are linked. The first and third abilities are linked.
-607.5. If an object acquires a pair of linked abilities as part of the same effect, the abilities will be similarly linked to one another on that object even though they werenâ€™t printed on that object. They canâ€™t be linked to any other ability, regardless of what other abilities the object may currently have or may have had in the past.
+607.5. If an object acquires a pair of linked abilities as part of the same effect, the abilities will be similarly linked to one another on that object even though they weren’t printed on that object. They can’t be linked to any other ability, regardless of what other abilities the object may currently have or may have had in the past.
-Example: Arc-Slogger has the ability â€œ{R}, Exile the top ten cards of your library: Arc-Slogger deals 2 damage to target creature or player.â€ Sisters of Stone Death has the ability â€œ{B}{G}: Exile target creature blocking or blocked by Sisters of Stone Deathâ€ and the ability â€œ{2}{B}: Put a creature card exiled with Sisters of Stone Death onto the battlefield under your control.â€ Quicksilver Elemental has the ability â€œ{U}: Quicksilver Elemental gains all activated abilities of target creature until end of turn.â€ If a player has Quicksilver Elemental gain Arc-Sloggerâ€™s ability, activates it, then has Quicksilver Elemental gain Sisters of Stone Deathâ€™s abilities, activates the exile ability, and then activates the return-to-the-battlefield ability, only the creature card Quicksilver Elemental exiled with Sisters of Stone Deathâ€™s ability can be returned to the battlefield. Creature cards Quicksilver Elemental exiled with Arc-Sloggerâ€™s ability canâ€™t be returned.
+Example: Arc-Slogger has the ability “{R}, Exile the top ten cards of your library: Arc-Slogger deals 2 damage to any target.” Sisters of Stone Death has the ability “{B}{G}: Exile target creature blocking or blocked by Sisters of Stone Death” and the ability “{2}{B}: Put a creature card exiled with Sisters of Stone Death onto the battlefield under your control.” Quicksilver Elemental has the ability “{U}: Quicksilver Elemental gains all activated abilities of target creature until end of turn.” If a player has Quicksilver Elemental gain Arc-Slogger’s ability, activates it, then has Quicksilver Elemental gain Sisters of Stone Death’s abilities, activates the exile ability, and then activates the return-to-the-battlefield ability, only the creature card Quicksilver Elemental exiled with Sisters of Stone Death’s ability can be returned to the battlefield. Creature cards Quicksilver Elemental exiled with Arc-Slogger’s ability can’t be returned.
 608. Resolving Spells and Abilities
-608.1. Each time all players pass in succession, the spell or ability on top of the stack resolves. (See rule 609, â€œEffects.â€)
+608.1. Each time all players pass in succession, the spell or ability on top of the stack resolves. (See rule 609, “Effects.”)
-608.2. If the object thatâ€™s resolving is an instant spell, a sorcery spell, or an ability, its resolution may involve several steps. The steps described in rules 608.2a and 608.2b are followed first. The steps described in rules 608.2câ€“j are then followed as appropriate, in no specific order. The step described in rule 608.2k is followed last.
+608.2. If the object that’s resolving is an instant spell, a sorcery spell, or an ability, its resolution may involve several steps. The steps described in rules 608.2a and 608.2b are followed first. The steps described in rules 608.2c–j are then followed as appropriate, in no specific order. The step described in rule 608.2k is followed last.
-608.2a If a triggered ability has an intervening â€œifâ€ clause, it checks whether the clauseâ€™s condition is true. If it isnâ€™t, the ability is removed from the stack and does nothing. Otherwise, it continues to resolve. See rule 603.4.
+608.2a If a triggered ability has an intervening “if” clause, it checks whether the clause’s condition is true. If it isn’t, the ability is removed from the stack and does nothing. Otherwise, it continues to resolve. See rule 603.4.
-608.2b If the spell or ability specifies targets, it checks whether the targets are still legal. A target thatâ€™s no longer in the zone it was in when it was targeted is illegal. Other changes to the game state may cause a target to no longer be legal; for example, its characteristics may have changed or an effect may have changed the text of the spell. If the source of an ability has left the zone it was in, its last known information is used during this process. The spell or ability is countered if all its targets, for every instance of the word â€œtarget,â€ are now illegal. If the spell or ability is not countered, it will resolve normally. Illegal targets, if any, wonâ€™t be affected by parts of a resolving spellâ€™s effect for which theyâ€™re illegal. Other parts of the effect for which those targets are not illegal may still affect them. If the spell or ability creates any continuous effects that affect game rules (see rule 613.10), those effects donâ€™t apply to illegal targets. If part of the effect requires information about an illegal target, it fails to determine any such information. Any part of the effect that requires that information wonâ€™t happen.
+608.2b If the spell or ability specifies targets, it checks whether the targets are still legal. A target that’s no longer in the zone it was in when it was targeted is illegal. Other changes to the game state may cause a target to no longer be legal; for example, its characteristics may have changed or an effect may have changed the text of the spell. If the source of an ability has left the zone it was in, its last known information is used during this process. If all its targets, for every instance of the word “target,” are now illegal, the spell or ability doesn’t resolve. It’s removed from the stack and, if it’s a spell, put into its owner’s graveyard. Otherwise, the spell or ability will resolve normally. Illegal targets, if any, won’t be affected by parts of a resolving spell’s effect for which they’re illegal. Other parts of the effect for which those targets are not illegal may still affect them. If the spell or ability creates any continuous effects that affect game rules (see rule 613.10), those effects don’t apply to illegal targets. If part of the effect requires information about an illegal target, it fails to determine any such information. Any part of the effect that requires that information won’t happen.
-Example: Sorinâ€™s Thirst is a black instant that reads, â€œSorinâ€™s Thirst deals 2 damage to target creature and you gain 2 life.â€ If the creature isnâ€™t a legal target during the resolution of Sorinâ€™s Thirst (say, if the creature has gained protection from black or left the battlefield), then Sorinâ€™s Thirst is countered. Its controller doesnâ€™t gain any life.
+Example: Sorin’s Thirst is a black instant that reads, “Sorin’s Thirst deals 2 damage to target creature and you gain 2 life.” If the creature isn’t a legal target during the resolution of Sorin’s Thirst (say, if the creature has gained protection from black or left the battlefield), then Sorin’s Thirst doesn’t resolve. Its controller doesn’t gain any life.
-Example: Plague Spores reads, â€œDestroy target nonblack creature and target land. They canâ€™t be regenerated.â€ Suppose the same animated land is chosen both as the nonblack creature and as the land, and the color of the creature land is changed to black before Plague Spores resolves. Plagues Spores isnâ€™t countered because the black creature land is still a legal target for the â€œtarget landâ€ part of the spell. The â€œdestroy target nonblack creatureâ€ part of the spell wonâ€™t affect that permanent, but the â€œdestroy target landâ€ part of the spell will still destroy it. It canâ€™t be regenerated.
+Example: Plague Spores reads, “Destroy target nonblack creature and target land. They can’t be regenerated.” Suppose the same creature land is chosen both as the nonblack creature and as the land, and the color of the creature land is changed to black before Plague Spores resolves. Plague Spores still resolves because the black creature land is still a legal target for the “target land” part of the spell. The “destroy target nonblack creature” part of the spell won’t affect that permanent, but the “destroy target land” part of the spell will still destroy it. It can’t be regenerated.
-608.2c The controller of the spell or ability follows its instructions in the order written. However, replacement effects may modify these actions. In some cases, later text on the card may modify the meaning of earlier text (for example, â€œDestroy target creature. It canâ€™t be regeneratedâ€ or â€œCounter target spell. If that spell is countered this way, put it on top of its ownerâ€™s library instead of into its ownerâ€™s graveyard.â€) Donâ€™t just apply effects step by step without thinking in these casesâ€”read the whole text and apply the rules of English to the text.
+608.2c The controller of the spell or ability follows its instructions in the order written. However, replacement effects may modify these actions. In some cases, later text on the card may modify the meaning of earlier text (for example, “Destroy target creature. It can’t be regenerated” or “Counter target spell. If that spell is countered this way, put it on top of its owner’s library instead of into its owner’s graveyard.”) Don’t just apply effects step by step without thinking in these cases—read the whole text and apply the rules of English to the text.
-608.2d If an effect of a spell or ability offers any choices other than choices already made as part of casting the spell, activating the ability, or otherwise putting the spell or ability on the stack, the player announces these while applying the effect. The player canâ€™t choose an option thatâ€™s illegal or impossible, with the exception that having a library with no cards in it doesnâ€™t make drawing a card an impossible action (see rule 120.3). If an effect divides or distributes something, such as damage or counters, as a player chooses among any number of untargeted players and/or objects, the player chooses the amount and division such that at least one player or object is chosen if able, and each chosen player or object receives at least one of whatever is being divided. (Note that if an effect divides or distributes something, such as damage or counters, as a player chooses among some number of target objects and/or players, the amount and division were determined as the spell or ability was put onto the stack rather than at this time; see rule 601.2d.)
+608.2d If an effect of a spell or ability offers any choices other than choices already made as part of casting the spell, activating the ability, or otherwise putting the spell or ability on the stack, the player announces these while applying the effect. The player can’t choose an option that’s illegal or impossible, with the exception that having a library with no cards in it doesn’t make drawing a card an impossible action (see rule 120.3). If an effect divides or distributes something, such as damage or counters, as a player chooses among any number of untargeted players and/or objects, the player chooses the amount and division such that at least one player or object is chosen if able, and each chosen player or object receives at least one of whatever is being divided. (Note that if an effect divides or distributes something, such as damage or counters, as a player chooses among some number of target objects and/or players, the amount and division were determined as the spell or ability was put onto the stack rather than at this time; see rule 601.2d.)
-Example: A spellâ€™s instruction reads, â€œYou may sacrifice a creature. If you donâ€™t, you lose 4 life.â€ A player who controls no creatures canâ€™t choose the sacrifice option.
+Example: A spell’s instruction reads, “You may sacrifice a creature. If you don’t, you lose 4 life.” A player who controls no creatures can’t choose the sacrifice option.
 608.2e Some spells and abilities have multiple steps or actions, denoted by separate sentences or clauses, that involve multiple players. In these cases, the choices for the first action are made in APNAP order, and then the first action is processed simultaneously. Then the choices for the second action are made in APNAP order, and then that action is processed simultaneously, and so on. See rule 101.4.
-608.2f If an effect gives a player the option to pay mana, he or she may activate mana abilities before taking that action. If an effect specifically instructs or allows a player to cast a spell during resolution, he or she does so by following the steps in rules 601.2aâ€“i, except no player receives priority after itâ€™s cast. That spell becomes the topmost object on the stack, and the currently resolving spell or ability continues to resolve, which may include casting other spells this way. No other spells can normally be cast and no other abilities can normally be activated during resolution.
+608.2f If an effect gives a player the option to pay mana, they may activate mana abilities before taking that action. If an effect specifically instructs or allows a player to cast a spell during resolution, they do so by following the steps in rules 601.2a–i, except no player receives priority after it’s cast. That spell becomes the topmost object on the stack, and the currently resolving spell or ability continues to resolve, which may include casting other spells this way. No other spells can normally be cast and no other abilities can normally be activated during resolution.
-608.2g If an effect requires information from the game (such as the number of creatures on the battlefield), the answer is determined only once, when the effect is applied. If the effect requires information from a specific object, including the source of the ability itself, the effect uses the current information of that object if itâ€™s in the public zone it was expected to be in; if itâ€™s no longer in that zone, or if the effect has moved it from a public zone to a hidden zone, the effect uses the objectâ€™s last known information. See rule 112.7a. If an ability states that an object does something, itâ€™s the object as it existsâ€”or as it most recently existedâ€”that does it, not the ability.
+608.2g If an effect requires information from the game (such as the number of creatures on the battlefield), the answer is determined only once, when the effect is applied. If the effect requires information from a specific object, including the source of the ability itself, the effect uses the current information of that object if it’s in the public zone it was expected to be in; if it’s no longer in that zone, or if the effect has moved it from a public zone to a hidden zone, the effect uses the object’s last known information. See rule 112.7a. If an ability states that an object does something, it’s the object as it exists—or as it most recently existed—that does it, not the ability.
 608.2h If an effect refers to certain characteristics, it checks only for the value of the specified characteristics, regardless of any related ones an object may also have.
-Example: An effect that reads â€œDestroy all black creaturesâ€ destroys a white-and-black creature, but one that reads â€œDestroy all nonblack creaturesâ€ doesnâ€™t.
+Example: An effect that reads “Destroy all black creatures” destroys a white-and-black creature, but one that reads “Destroy all nonblack creatures” doesn’t.
-608.2i If an abilityâ€™s effect refers to a specific untargeted object that has been previously referred to by that abilityâ€™s cost or trigger condition, it still affects that object even if the object has changed characteristics.
+608.2i If an ability’s effect refers to a specific untargeted object that has been previously referred to by that ability’s cost or trigger condition, it still affects that object even if the object has changed characteristics.
-Example: Wall of Tears says â€œWhenever Wall of Tears blocks a creature, return that creature to its ownerâ€™s hand at end of combat.â€ If Wall of Tears blocks a creature, then that creature ceases to be a creature before the triggered ability resolves, the permanent will still be returned to its ownerâ€™s hand.
+Example: Wall of Tears says “Whenever Wall of Tears blocks a creature, return that creature to its owner’s hand at end of combat.” If Wall of Tears blocks a creature, then that creature ceases to be a creature before the triggered ability resolves, the permanent will still be returned to its owner’s hand.
 608.2j If an instant spell, sorcery spell, or ability that can legally resolve leaves the stack once it starts to resolve, it will continue to resolve fully.
-608.2k As the final part of an instant or sorcery spellâ€™s resolution, the spell is put into its ownerâ€™s graveyard. As the final part of an abilityâ€™s resolution, the ability is removed from the stack and ceases to exist.
+608.2k As the final part of an instant or sorcery spell’s resolution, the spell is put into its owner’s graveyard. As the final part of an ability’s resolution, the ability is removed from the stack and ceases to exist.
-608.3. If the object thatâ€™s resolving is a permanent spell, its resolution involves a single step (unless itâ€™s an Aura). The spell card becomes a permanent and is put onto the battlefield under the control of the spellâ€™s controller.
+608.3. If the object that’s resolving is a permanent spell, its resolution involves a single step (unless it’s an Aura). The spell card becomes a permanent and is put onto the battlefield under the control of the spell’s controller.
-608.3a If the object thatâ€™s resolving is an Aura spell, its resolution involves two steps. First, it checks whether the target specified by its enchant ability is still legal, as described in rule 608.2b. (See rule 702.5, â€œEnchant.â€) If so, the spell card becomes a permanent and is put onto the battlefield under the control of the spellâ€™s controller attached to the object it was targeting.
+608.3a If the object that’s resolving is an Aura spell, its resolution involves two steps. First, it checks whether the target specified by its enchant ability is still legal, as described in rule 608.2b. (See rule 702.5, “Enchant.”) If so, the spell card becomes a permanent and is put onto the battlefield under the control of the spell’s controller attached to the object it was targeting.
-608.3b If a permanent spell resolves but its controller canâ€™t put it onto the battlefield, that player puts it into its ownerâ€™s graveyard.
+608.3b If a permanent spell resolves but its controller can’t put it onto the battlefield, that player puts it into its owner’s graveyard.
-Example: Worms of the Earth has the ability â€œLands canâ€™t enter the battlefield.â€ Clone says â€œYou may have Clone enter the battlefield as a copy of any creature on the battlefield.â€ If a player casts Clone and chooses to copy Dryad Arbor (a land creature) while Worms of the Earth is on the battlefield, Clone canâ€™t enter the battlefield from the stack. Itâ€™s put into its ownerâ€™s graveyard.
+Example: Worms of the Earth has the ability “Lands can’t enter the battlefield.” Clone says “You may have Clone enter the battlefield as a copy of any creature on the battlefield.” If a player casts Clone and chooses to copy Dryad Arbor (a land creature) while Worms of the Earth is on the battlefield, Clone can’t enter the battlefield from the stack. It’s put into its owner’s graveyard.
 609. Effects
 609.1. An effect is something that happens in the game as a result of a spell or ability. When a spell, activated ability, or triggered ability resolves, it may create one or more one-shot or continuous effects. Static abilities may create one or more continuous effects. Text itself is never an effect.
-609.2. Effects apply only to permanents unless the instructionâ€™s text states otherwise or they clearly can apply only to objects in one or more other zones.
+609.2. Effects apply only to permanents unless the instruction’s text states otherwise or they clearly can apply only to objects in one or more other zones.
-Example: An effect that changes all lands into creatures wonâ€™t alter land cards in playersâ€™ graveyards. But an effect that says spells cost more to cast will apply only to spells on the stack, since a spell is always on the stack while a player is casting it.
+Example: An effect that changes all lands into creatures won’t alter land cards in players’ graveyards. But an effect that says spells cost more to cast will apply only to spells on the stack, since a spell is always on the stack while a player is casting it.
 609.3. If an effect attempts to do something impossible, it does only as much as possible.
-Example: If a player is holding only one card, an effect that reads â€œDiscard two cardsâ€ causes him or her to discard only that card. If an effect moves cards out of the library (as opposed to drawing), it moves as many as possible.
+Example: If a player is holding only one card, an effect that reads “Discard two cards” causes them to discard only that card. If an effect moves cards out of the library (as opposed to drawing), it moves as many as possible.
-609.4. Some effects state that a player may do something â€œas thoughâ€ some condition were true or a creature can do something â€œas thoughâ€ some condition were true. This applies only to the stated effect. For purposes of that effect, treat the game exactly as if the stated condition were true. For all other purposes, treat the game normally.
+609.4. Some effects state that a player may do something “as though” some condition were true or a creature can do something “as though” some condition were true. This applies only to the stated effect. For purposes of that effect, treat the game exactly as if the stated condition were true. For all other purposes, treat the game normally.
-609.4a If two effects state that a player may (or a creature can) do the same thing â€œas thoughâ€ different conditions were true, both conditions could apply. If one â€œas thoughâ€ effect satisfies the requirements for another â€œas thoughâ€ effect, then both effects will apply.
+609.4a If two effects state that a player may (or a creature can) do the same thing “as though” different conditions were true, both conditions could apply. If one “as though” effect satisfies the requirements for another “as though” effect, then both effects will apply.
-Example: A player controls Vedalken Orrery, an artifact that says â€œYou may cast nonland cards as though they had flash.â€ That player casts Shamanâ€™s Trance, an instant that says, in part, â€œYou may play cards from other playersâ€™ graveyards as though they were in your graveyard.â€ The player may cast a sorcery with flashback from another playerâ€™s graveyard as though it were in that playerâ€™s graveyard and as though it had flash.
+Example: A player controls Vedalken Orrery, an artifact that says “You may cast nonland cards as though they had flash.” That player casts Shaman’s Trance, an instant that says, in part, “You may play cards from other players’ graveyards as though they were in your graveyard.” The player may cast a sorcery with flashback from another player’s graveyard as though it were in that player’s graveyard and as though it had flash.
 609.5. If an effect could result in a tie, the text of the spell or ability that created the effect will specify what to do in the event of a tie. The Magic game has no default for ties.
 609.6. Some continuous effects are replacement effects or prevention effects. See rules 614 and 615.
-609.7. Some effects apply to damage from a sourceâ€”for example, â€œThe next time a red source of your choice would deal damage to you this turn, prevent that damage.â€
+609.7. Some effects apply to damage from a source—for example, “The next time a red source of your choice would deal damage to you this turn, prevent that damage.”
-609.7a If an effect requires a player to choose a source of damage, he or she may choose a permanent; a spell on the stack (including a permanent spell); any object referred to by an object on the stack, by a replacement or prevention effect thatâ€™s waiting to apply, or by a delayed triggered ability thatâ€™s waiting to trigger (even if that object is no longer in the zone it used to be in); or a face-up object in the command zone. A source doesnâ€™t need to be capable of dealing damage to be a legal choice. The source is chosen when the effect is created. If the player chooses a permanent, the effect will apply to the next damage dealt by that permanent, regardless of whether itâ€™s combat damage or damage dealt as the result of a spell or ability. If the player chooses a permanent spell, the effect will apply to any damage dealt by that spell and any damage dealt by the permanent that spell becomes when it resolves.
+609.7a If an effect requires a player to choose a source of damage, they may choose a permanent; a spell on the stack (including a permanent spell); any object referred to by an object on the stack, by a replacement or prevention effect that’s waiting to apply, or by a delayed triggered ability that’s waiting to trigger (even if that object is no longer in the zone it used to be in); or a face-up object in the command zone. A source doesn’t need to be capable of dealing damage to be a legal choice. The source is chosen when the effect is created. If the player chooses a permanent, the effect will apply to the next damage dealt by that permanent, regardless of whether it’s combat damage or damage dealt as the result of a spell or ability. If the player chooses a permanent spell, the effect will apply to any damage dealt by that spell and any damage dealt by the permanent that spell becomes when it resolves.
-609.7b Some effects from resolved spells and abilities prevent or replace damage from sources with certain properties, such as a creature or a source of a particular color. When the source would deal damage, the â€œshieldâ€ rechecks the sourceâ€™s properties. If the properties no longer match, the damage isnâ€™t prevented or replaced. If for any reason the shield prevents no damage or replaces no damage, the shield isnâ€™t used up.
+609.7b Some effects from resolved spells and abilities prevent or replace damage from sources with certain properties, such as a creature or a source of a particular color. When the source would deal damage, the “shield” rechecks the source’s properties. If the properties no longer match, the damage isn’t prevented or replaced. If for any reason the shield prevents no damage or replaces no damage, the shield isn’t used up.
-609.7c Some effects from static abilities prevent or replace damage from sources with certain properties. For these effects, the prevention or replacement applies to sources that are permanents with that property and to any sources that arenâ€™t on the battlefield that have that property.
+609.7c Some effects from static abilities prevent or replace damage from sources with certain properties. For these effects, the prevention or replacement applies to sources that are permanents with that property and to any sources that aren’t on the battlefield that have that property.
 610. One-Shot Effects
-610.1. A one-shot effect does something just once and doesnâ€™t have a duration. Examples include dealing damage, destroying a permanent, creating a token, and moving an object from one zone to another.
+610.1. A one-shot effect does something just once and doesn’t have a duration. Examples include dealing damage, destroying a permanent, creating a token, and moving an object from one zone to another.
-610.2. Some one-shot effects create a delayed triggered ability, which instructs a player to do something later in the game (usually at a specific time) rather than as the spell or ability thatâ€™s creating the one-shot effect resolves. See rule 603.7.
+610.2. Some one-shot effects create a delayed triggered ability, which instructs a player to do something later in the game (usually at a specific time) rather than as the spell or ability that’s creating the one-shot effect resolves. See rule 603.7.
-610.3. Some one-shot effects cause an object to change zones â€œuntilâ€ a specified event occurs. A second one-shot effect is created immediately after the specified event. This second one-shot effect returns the object to its previous zone.
+610.3. Some one-shot effects cause an object to change zones “until” a specified event occurs. A second one-shot effect is created immediately after the specified event. This second one-shot effect returns the object to its previous zone.
-610.3a If the specified event has already occurred when the initial one-shot effect would cause the object to change zones, the object doesnâ€™t move.
+610.3a If the specified event has already occurred when the initial one-shot effect would cause the object to change zones, the object doesn’t move.
-610.3b An object returned to the battlefield this way returns under its ownerâ€™s control unless otherwise specified.
+610.3b An object returned to the battlefield this way returns under its owner’s control unless otherwise specified.
 610.3c If multiple one-shot effects are created this way immediately after one or more simultaneous events, those one-shot effects are also simultaneous.
 Example: Two Banisher Priests have each exiled a card. All creatures are destroyed at the same time by Day of Judgment. The two exiled cards are returned to the battlefield at the same time.
 611. Continuous Effects
 611.1. A continuous effect modifies characteristics of objects, modifies control of objects, or affects players or the rules of the game, for a fixed or indefinite period.
 611.2. A continuous effect may be generated by the resolution of a spell or ability.
-611.2a A continuous effect generated by the resolution of a spell or ability lasts as long as stated by the spell or ability creating it (such as â€œuntil end of turnâ€). If no duration is stated, it lasts until the end of the game.
+611.2a A continuous effect generated by the resolution of a spell or ability lasts as long as stated by the spell or ability creating it (such as “until end of turn”). If no duration is stated, it lasts until the end of the game.
-611.2b Some continuous effects generated by the resolution of a spell or ability have durations worded â€œfor as long as . . . .â€ If the â€œfor as long asâ€ duration never starts, or it ends before the moment the effect would first be applied, the effect does nothing. It doesnâ€™t start and immediately stop again, and it doesnâ€™t last forever.
+611.2b Some continuous effects generated by the resolution of a spell or ability have durations worded “for as long as . . . .” If the “for as long as” duration never starts, or it ends before the moment the effect would first be applied, the effect does nothing. It doesn’t start and immediately stop again, and it doesn’t last forever.
-Example: Master Thief has the ability â€œWhen Master Thief enters the battlefield, gain control of target artifact for as long as you control Master Thief.â€ If you lose control of Master Thief before the ability resolves, it does nothing, because its durationâ€”as long as you control Master Thiefâ€”was over before the effect began.
+Example: Master Thief has the ability “When Master Thief enters the battlefield, gain control of target artifact for as long as you control Master Thief.” If you lose control of Master Thief before the ability resolves, it does nothing, because its duration—as long as you control Master Thief—was over before the effect began.
-611.2c If a continuous effect generated by the resolution of a spell or ability modifies the characteristics or changes the controller of any objects, the set of objects it affects is determined when that continuous effect begins. After that point, the set wonâ€™t change. (Note that this works differently than a continuous effect from a static ability.) A continuous effect generated by the resolution of a spell or ability that doesnâ€™t modify the characteristics or change the controller of any objects modifies the rules of the game, so it can affect objects that werenâ€™t affected when that continuous effect began. If a single continuous effect has parts that modify the characteristics or changes the controller of any objects and other parts that donâ€™t, the set of objects each part applies to is determined independently.
+611.2c If a continuous effect generated by the resolution of a spell or ability modifies the characteristics or changes the controller of any objects, the set of objects it affects is determined when that continuous effect begins. After that point, the set won’t change. (Note that this works differently than a continuous effect from a static ability.) A continuous effect generated by the resolution of a spell or ability that doesn’t modify the characteristics or change the controller of any objects modifies the rules of the game, so it can affect objects that weren’t affected when that continuous effect began. If a single continuous effect has parts that modify the characteristics or changes the controller of any objects and other parts that don’t, the set of objects each part applies to is determined independently.
-Example: An effect that reads â€œAll white creatures get +1/+1 until end of turnâ€ gives the bonus to all permanents that are white creatures when the spell or ability resolvesâ€”even if they change color laterâ€”and doesnâ€™t affect those that enter the battlefield or turn white afterward.
+Example: An effect that reads “All white creatures get +1/+1 until end of turn” gives the bonus to all permanents that are white creatures when the spell or ability resolves—even if they change color later—and doesn’t affect those that enter the battlefield or turn white afterward.
-Example: An effect that reads â€œPrevent all damage creatures would deal this turnâ€ doesnâ€™t modify any objectâ€™s characteristics, so itâ€™s modifying the rules of the game. That means the effect will apply even to damage from creatures that werenâ€™t on the battlefield when the continuous effect began. It also affects damage from permanents that become creatures later in the turn.
+Example: An effect that reads “Prevent all damage creatures would deal this turn” doesn’t modify any object’s characteristics, so it’s modifying the rules of the game. That means the effect will apply even to damage from creatures that weren’t on the battlefield when the continuous effect began. It also affects damage from permanents that become creatures later in the turn.
 611.2d If a resolving spell or ability that creates a continuous effect contains a variable such as X, the value of that variable is determined only once, on resolution. See rule 608.2g.
-611.2e If a resolving spell or ability both puts a nontoken permanent onto the battlefield and creates a continuous effect stating that the permanent â€œis [characteristic],â€ that continuous effect applies simultaneously with the permanent entering the battlefield. This characteristic is usually a color or a creature type. If the continuous effect says the permanent â€œbecomes [characteristic]â€ or â€œgains [an ability],â€ that effect applies after the permanent is on the battlefield.
+611.2e If a resolving spell or ability both puts a nontoken permanent onto the battlefield and creates a continuous effect stating that the permanent “is [characteristic],” that continuous effect applies simultaneously with the permanent entering the battlefield. This characteristic is usually a color or a creature type. If the continuous effect says the permanent “becomes [characteristic]” or “gains [an ability],” that effect applies after the permanent is on the battlefield.
-Example: Arbiter of the Ideal puts an artifact, creature, or land card onto the battlefield and says, in part, â€œThat permanent is an enchantment in addition to its other types.â€ An ability that triggers whenever an enchantment enters the battlefield would trigger. The permanent doesnâ€™t enter the battlefield and then become an enchantment.
+Example: Arbiter of the Ideal puts an artifact, creature, or land card onto the battlefield and says, in part, “That permanent is an enchantment in addition to its other types.” An ability that triggers whenever an enchantment enters the battlefield would trigger. The permanent doesn’t enter the battlefield and then become an enchantment.
 611.3. A continuous effect may be generated by the static ability of an object.
-611.3a A continuous effect generated by a static ability isnâ€™t â€œlocked inâ€; it applies at any given moment to whatever its text indicates.
+611.3a A continuous effect generated by a static ability isn’t “locked in”; it applies at any given moment to whatever its text indicates.
 611.3b The effect applies at all times that the permanent generating it is on the battlefield or the object generating it is in the appropriate zone.
-Example: A permanent with the static ability â€œAll white creatures get +1/+1â€ generates an effect that continuously gives +1/+1 to each white creature on the battlefield. If a creature becomes white, it gets this bonus; a creature that stops being white loses it.
+Example: A permanent with the static ability “All white creatures get +1/+1” generates an effect that continuously gives +1/+1 to each white creature on the battlefield. If a creature becomes white, it gets this bonus; a creature that stops being white loses it.
-611.3c Continuous effects that modify characteristics of permanents do so simultaneously with the permanent entering the battlefield. They donâ€™t wait until the permanent is on the battlefield and then change it. Because such effects apply as the permanent enters the battlefield, they are applied before determining whether the permanent will cause an ability to trigger when it enters the battlefield.
+611.3c Continuous effects that modify characteristics of permanents do so simultaneously with the permanent entering the battlefield. They don’t wait until the permanent is on the battlefield and then change it. Because such effects apply as the permanent enters the battlefield, they are applied before determining whether the permanent will cause an ability to trigger when it enters the battlefield.
-Example: A permanent with the static ability â€œAll white creatures get +1/+1â€ is on the battlefield. A creature spell that would normally create a 1/1 white creature instead creates a 2/2 white creature. The creature doesnâ€™t enter the battlefield as 1/1 and then change to 2/2.
+Example: A permanent with the static ability “All white creatures get +1/+1” is on the battlefield. A creature spell that would normally create a 1/1 white creature instead creates a 2/2 white creature. The creature doesn’t enter the battlefield as 1/1 and then change to 2/2.
 612. Text-Changing Effects
-612.1. Some continuous effects change an objectâ€™s text. This can apply to any words or symbols printed on that object, but generally affects only that objectâ€™s rules text (which appears in its text box) and/or the text that appears in its type line. Such an effect is a text-changing effect.
+612.1. Some continuous effects change an object’s text. This can apply to any words or symbols printed on that object, but generally affects only that object’s rules text (which appears in its text box) and/or the text that appears in its type line. Such an effect is a text-changing effect.
-612.2. A text-changing effect changes only those words that are used in the correct way (for example, a Magic color word being used as a color word, a land type word used as a land type, or a creature type word used as a creature type). An effect that changes a color word or a subtype canâ€™t change a card name, even if that name contains a word or a series of letters that is the same as a Magic color word, basic land type, or creature type.
+612.2. A text-changing effect changes only those words that are used in the correct way (for example, a Magic color word being used as a color word, a land type word used as a land type, or a creature type word used as a creature type). An effect that changes a color word or a subtype can’t change a card name, even if that name contains a word or a series of letters that is the same as a Magic color word, basic land type, or creature type.
-612.2a Most spells and abilities that create creature tokens use creature types to define both the creature types and the names of the tokens. A text-changing effect that affects such a spell or an object with such an ability can change these words because theyâ€™re being used as creature types, even though theyâ€™re also being used as names.
+612.2a Most spells and abilities that create creature tokens use creature types to define both the creature types and the names of the tokens. A text-changing effect that affects such a spell or an object with such an ability can change these words because they’re being used as creature types, even though they’re also being used as names.
-612.3. Effects that add or remove abilities donâ€™t change the text of the objects they affect, so any abilities that are granted to an object canâ€™t be modified by text-changing effects that affect that object.
+612.3. Effects that add or remove abilities don’t change the text of the objects they affect, so any abilities that are granted to an object can’t be modified by text-changing effects that affect that object.
-612.4. A tokenâ€™s subtypes and rules text are defined by the spell or ability that created the token. A text-changing effect that affects a token can change these characteristics.
+612.4. A token’s subtypes and rules text are defined by the spell or ability that created the token. A text-changing effect that affects a token can change these characteristics.
-612.5. One card (Volrathâ€™s Shapeshifter) states that an object has the â€œfull textâ€ of another object. This changes not just the text that appears in the objectâ€™s text box and type line, but also changes the text that represents its name, mana cost, color indicator, power, and toughness.
+612.5. One card (Volrath’s Shapeshifter) states that an object has the “full text” of another object. This changes not just the text that appears in the object’s text box and type line, but also changes the text that represents its name, mana cost, color indicator, power, and toughness.
-612.6. One card (Spy Kit) states that an object has â€œall names of nonlegendary creature cards.â€ This changes the text that represents the objectâ€™s name. That object has the name of each nonlegendary creature card in the Oracle card reference thatâ€™s legal in the format of the game itâ€™s in. (See rule 100.6.)
+612.6. One card (Spy Kit) states that an object has “all names of nonlegendary creature cards.” This changes the text that represents the object’s name. That object has the name of each nonlegendary creature card in the Oracle card reference. (See rule 108.1.)
 613. Interaction of Continuous Effects
-613.1. The values of an objectâ€™s characteristics are determined by starting with the actual object. For a card, that means the values of the characteristics printed on that card. For a token or a copy of a spell or card, that means the values of the characteristics defined by the effect that created it. Then all applicable continuous effects are applied in a series of layers in the following order:
+613.1. The values of an object’s characteristics are determined by starting with the actual object. For a card, that means the values of the characteristics printed on that card. For a token or a copy of a spell or card, that means the values of the characteristics defined by the effect that created it. Then all applicable continuous effects are applied in a series of layers in the following order:
-613.1a Layer 1: Copy effects are applied. See rule 706, â€œCopying Objects.â€
+613.1a Layer 1: Copy effects are applied. See rule 706, “Copying Objects.”
 613.1b Layer 2: Control-changing effects are applied.
-613.1c Layer 3: Text-changing effects are applied. See rule 612, â€œText-Changing Effects.â€
+613.1c Layer 3: Text-changing effects are applied. See rule 612, “Text-Changing Effects.”
-613.1d Layer 4: Type-changing effects are applied. These include effects that change an objectâ€™s card type, subtype, and/or supertype.
+613.1d Layer 4: Type-changing effects are applied. These include effects that change an object’s card type, subtype, and/or supertype.
 613.1e Layer 5: Color-changing effects are applied.
-613.1f Layer 6: Ability-adding effects, ability-removing effects, and effects that say an object canâ€™t have an ability are applied.
+613.1f Layer 6: Ability-adding effects, ability-removing effects, and effects that say an object can’t have an ability are applied.
 613.1g Layer 7: Power- and/or toughness-changing effects are applied.
-613.2. Within layers 1â€“6, apply effects from characteristic-defining abilities first (see rule 604.3), then all other effects in timestamp order (see rule 613.6). Note that dependency may alter the order in which effects are applied within a layer. (See rule 613.7.)
+613.2. Within layers 1–6, apply effects from characteristic-defining abilities first (see rule 604.3), then all other effects in timestamp order (see rule 613.6). Note that dependency may alter the order in which effects are applied within a layer. (See rule 613.7.)
 613.3. Within layer 7, apply effects in a series of sublayers in the order described below. Within each sublayer, apply effects in timestamp order. (See rule 613.6.) Note that dependency may alter the order in which effects are applied within a sublayer. (See rule 613.7.)
 613.3a Layer 7a: Effects from characteristic-defining abilities that define power and/or toughness are applied. See rule 604.3.
 613.3b Layer 7b: Effects that set power and/or toughness to a specific number or value are applied. Effects that refer to the base power and/or toughness of a creature apply in this layer.
-613.3c Layer 7c: Effects that modify power and/or toughness (but donâ€™t set power and/or toughness to a specific number or value) are applied.
+613.3c Layer 7c: Effects that modify power and/or toughness (but don’t set power and/or toughness to a specific number or value) are applied.
-613.3d Layer 7d: Power and/or toughness changes from counters are applied. See rule 121, â€œCounters.â€
+613.3d Layer 7d: Power and/or toughness changes from counters are applied. See rule 121, “Counters.”
-613.3e Layer 7e: Effects that switch a creatureâ€™s power and toughness are applied. Such effects take the value of power and apply it to the creatureâ€™s toughness, and take the value of toughness and apply it to the creatureâ€™s power.
+613.3e Layer 7e: Effects that switch a creature’s power and toughness are applied. Such effects take the value of power and apply it to the creature’s toughness, and take the value of toughness and apply it to the creature’s power.
-Example: A 1/3 creature is given +0/+1 by an effect. Then another effect switches the creatureâ€™s power and toughness. Its new power and toughness is 4/1. A new effect gives the creature +5/+0. Its â€œunswitchedâ€ power and toughness would be 6/4, so its actual power and toughness is 4/6.
+Example: A 1/3 creature is given +0/+1 by an effect. Then another effect switches the creature’s power and toughness. Its new power and toughness is 4/1. A new effect gives the creature +5/+0. Its “unswitched” power and toughness would be 6/4, so its actual power and toughness is 4/6.
-Example: A 1/3 creature is given +0/+1 by an effect. Then another effect switches the creatureâ€™s power and toughness. Its new power and toughness is 4/1. If the +0/+1 effect ends before the switch effect ends, the creature becomes 3/1.
+Example: A 1/3 creature is given +0/+1 by an effect. Then another effect switches the creature’s power and toughness. Its new power and toughness is 4/1. If the +0/+1 effect ends before the switch effect ends, the creature becomes 3/1.
-Example: A 1/3 creature is given +0/+1 by an effect. Then another effect switches the creatureâ€™s power and toughness. Then another effect switches its power and toughness again. The two switches essentially cancel each other, and the creature becomes 1/4.
+Example: A 1/3 creature is given +0/+1 by an effect. Then another effect switches the creature’s power and toughness. Then another effect switches its power and toughness again. The two switches essentially cancel each other, and the creature becomes 1/4.
-613.4. The application of continuous effects as described by the layer system is continually and automatically performed by the game. All resulting changes to an objectâ€™s characteristics are instantaneous.
+613.4. The application of continuous effects as described by the layer system is continually and automatically performed by the game. All resulting changes to an object’s characteristics are instantaneous.
-Example: Honor of the Pure is an enchantment that reads â€œWhite creatures you control get +1/+1.â€ Honor of the Pure and a 2/2 black creature are on the battlefield under your control. If an effect then turns the creature white (layer 5), it gets +1/+1 from Honor of the Pure (layer 7c), becoming 3/3. If the creatureâ€™s color is later changed to red (layer 5), Honor of the Pureâ€™s effect stops applying to it, and it will return to being 2/2.
+Example: Honor of the Pure is an enchantment that reads “White creatures you control get +1/+1.” Honor of the Pure and a 2/2 black creature are on the battlefield under your control. If an effect then turns the creature white (layer 5), it gets +1/+1 from Honor of the Pure (layer 7c), becoming 3/3. If the creature’s color is later changed to red (layer 5), Honor of the Pure’s effect stops applying to it, and it will return to being 2/2.
-Example: Gray Ogre, a 2/2 creature, is on the battlefield. An effect puts a +1/+1 counter on it (layer 7d), making it 3/3. A spell targeting it that says â€œTarget creature gets +4/+4 until end of turnâ€ resolves (layer 7c), making it 7/7. An enchantment that says â€œCreatures you control get +0/+2â€ enters the battlefield (layer 7c), making it 7/9. An effect that says â€œTarget creature becomes 0/1 until end of turnâ€ is applied to it (layer 7b), making it 5/8 (0/1, with +4/+4 from the resolved spell, +0/+2 from the enchantment, and +1/+1 from the counter).
+Example: Gray Ogre, a 2/2 creature, is on the battlefield. An effect puts a +1/+1 counter on it (layer 7d), making it 3/3. A spell targeting it that says “Target creature gets +4/+4 until end of turn” resolves (layer 7c), making it 7/7. An enchantment that says “Creatures you control get +0/+2” enters the battlefield (layer 7c), making it 7/9. An effect that says “Target creature becomes 0/1 until end of turn” is applied to it (layer 7b), making it 5/8 (0/1, with +4/+4 from the resolved spell, +0/+2 from the enchantment, and +1/+1 from the counter).
 613.5. If an effect should be applied in different layers and/or sublayers, the parts of the effect each apply in their appropriate ones. If an effect starts to apply in one layer and/or sublayer, it will continue to be applied to the same set of objects in each other applicable layer and/or sublayer, even if the ability generating the effect is removed during this process.
-Example: An effect that reads â€œWild Mongrel gets +1/+1 and becomes the color of your choice until end of turnâ€ is both a power- and toughness-changing effect and a color-changing effect. The â€œbecomes the color of your choiceâ€ part is applied in layer 5, and then the â€œgets +1/+1â€ part is applied in layer 7c.
+Example: An effect that reads “Wild Mongrel gets +1/+1 and becomes the color of your choice until end of turn” is both a power- and toughness-changing effect and a color-changing effect. The “becomes the color of your choice” part is applied in layer 5, and then the “gets +1/+1” part is applied in layer 7c.
-Example: Act of Treason has an effect that reads â€œGain control of target creature until end of turn. Untap that creature. It gains haste until end of turn.â€ This is both a control-changing effect and an effect that adds an ability to an object. The â€œgain controlâ€ part is applied in layer 2, and then the â€œit gains hasteâ€ part is applied in layer 6.
+Example: Act of Treason has an effect that reads “Gain control of target creature until end of turn. Untap that creature. It gains haste until end of turn.” This is both a control-changing effect and an effect that adds an ability to an object. The “gain control” part is applied in layer 2, and then the “it gains haste” part is applied in layer 6.
-Example: An effect that reads â€œAll noncreature artifacts become 2/2 artifact creatures until end of turnâ€ is both a type-changing effect and a power- and toughness-setting effect. The type-changing effect is applied to all noncreature artifacts in layer 4 and the power- and toughness-setting effect is applied to those same permanents in layer 7b, even though those permanents arenâ€™t noncreature artifacts by then.
+Example: An effect that reads “All noncreature artifacts become 2/2 artifact creatures until end of turn” is both a type-changing effect and a power- and toughness-setting effect. The type-changing effect is applied to all noncreature artifacts in layer 4 and the power- and toughness-setting effect is applied to those same permanents in layer 7b, even though those permanents aren’t noncreature artifacts by then.
-Example: Svogthos, the Restless Tomb, is on the battlefield. An effect that says â€œUntil end of turn, target land becomes a 3/3 creature thatâ€™s still a landâ€ is applied to it (layers 4 and 7b). An effect that says â€œTarget creature gets +1/+1 until end of turnâ€ is applied to it (layer 7c), making it a 4/4 land creature. Then while you have ten creature cards in your graveyard, you activate Svogthosâ€™s ability: â€œUntil end of turn, Svogthos, the Restless Tomb becomes a black and green Plant Zombie creature with â€˜This creatureâ€™s power and toughness are each equal to the number of creature cards in your graveyard.â€™ Itâ€™s still a land.â€ (layers 4, 5, and 7b). It becomes an 11/11 land creature. If a creature card enters or leaves your graveyard, Svogthosâ€™s power and toughness will be modified accordingly. If the first effect is applied to it again, it will become a 4/4 land creature again.
+Example: Svogthos, the Restless Tomb, is on the battlefield. An effect that says “Until end of turn, target land becomes a 3/3 creature that’s still a land” is applied to it (layers 4 and 7b). An effect that says “Target creature gets +1/+1 until end of turn” is applied to it (layer 7c), making it a 4/4 land creature. Then while you have ten creature cards in your graveyard, you activate Svogthos’s ability: “Until end of turn, Svogthos, the Restless Tomb becomes a black and green Plant Zombie creature with ‘This creature’s power and toughness are each equal to the number of creature cards in your graveyard.’ It’s still a land.” (layers 4, 5, and 7b). It becomes an 11/11 land creature. If a creature card enters or leaves your graveyard, Svogthos’s power and toughness will be modified accordingly. If the first effect is applied to it again, it will become a 4/4 land creature again.
 613.6. Within a layer or sublayer, determining which order effects are applied in is usually done using a timestamp system. An effect with an earlier timestamp is applied before an effect with a later timestamp.
 613.6a A continuous effect generated by a static ability has the same timestamp as the object the static ability is on, or the timestamp of the effect that created the ability, whichever is later.
-613.6b A continuous effect generated by the resolution of a spell or ability receives a timestamp at the time itâ€™s created.
+613.6b A continuous effect generated by the resolution of a spell or ability receives a timestamp at the time it’s created.
 613.6c An object receives a timestamp at the time it enters a zone.
 613.6d An Aura, Equipment, or Fortification receives a new timestamp at the time it becomes attached to an object or player.
 613.6e A permanent receives a new timestamp at the time it turns face up or face down.
 613.6f A double-faced permanent receives a new timestamp at the time it transforms.
-613.6g A face-up plane card, phenomenon card, or scheme card receives a timestamp at the time itâ€™s turned face up.
+613.6g A face-up plane card, phenomenon card, or scheme card receives a timestamp at the time it’s turned face up.
 613.6h A face-up vanguard card receives a timestamp at the beginning of the game.
-613.6i A conspiracy card receives a timestamp at the beginning of the game. If itâ€™s face down, it receives a new timestamp at the time it turns face up.
+613.6i A conspiracy card receives a timestamp at the beginning of the game. If it’s face down, it receives a new timestamp at the time it turns face up.
 613.6j If two or more objects would receive a timestamp simultaneously, such as by entering a zone simultaneously or becoming attached simultaneously, the active player determines their relative timestamp order at that time.
 613.7. Within a layer or sublayer, determining which order effects are applied in is sometimes done using a dependency system. If a dependency exists, it will override the timestamp system.
-613.7a An effect is said to â€œdepend onâ€ another if (a) itâ€™s applied in the same layer (and, if applicable, sublayer) as the other effect (see rules 613.1 and 613.3); (b) applying the other would change the text or the existence of the first effect, what it applies to, or what it does to any of the things it applies to; and (c) neither effect is from a characteristic-defining ability or both effects are from characteristic-defining abilities. Otherwise, the effect is considered to be independent of the other effect.
+613.7a An effect is said to “depend on” another if (a) it’s applied in the same layer (and, if applicable, sublayer) as the other effect (see rules 613.1 and 613.3); (b) applying the other would change the text or the existence of the first effect, what it applies to, or what it does to any of the things it applies to; and (c) neither effect is from a characteristic-defining ability or both effects are from characteristic-defining abilities. Otherwise, the effect is considered to be independent of the other effect.
-613.7b An effect dependent on one or more other effects waits to apply until just after all of those effects have been applied. If multiple dependent effects would apply simultaneously in this way, theyâ€™re applied in timestamp order relative to each other. If several dependent effects form a dependency loop, then this rule is ignored and the effects in the dependency loop are applied in timestamp order.
+613.7b An effect dependent on one or more other effects waits to apply until just after all of those effects have been applied. If multiple dependent effects would apply simultaneously in this way, they’re applied in timestamp order relative to each other. If several dependent effects form a dependency loop, then this rule is ignored and the effects in the dependency loop are applied in timestamp order.
 613.7c After each effect is applied, the order of remaining effects is reevaluated and may change if an effect that has not yet been applied becomes dependent on or independent of one or more other effects that have not yet been applied.
 613.8. One continuous effect can override another. Sometimes the results of one effect determine whether another effect applies or what another effect does.
-Example: Two effects are affecting the same creature: one from an Aura that says â€œEnchanted creature gains flyingâ€ and one from an Aura that says â€œEnchanted creature loses flying.â€ Neither of these depends on the other, since nothing changes what they affect or what theyâ€™re doing to it. Applying them in timestamp order means the one that was generated last â€œwins.â€ The same process would be followed, and the same result reached, if either of the effects had a duration (such as â€œTarget creature loses flying until end of turnâ€) or came from a non-Aura source (such as â€œAll creatures lose flyingâ€).
+Example: Two effects are affecting the same creature: one from an Aura that says “Enchanted creature has flying” and one from an Aura that says “Enchanted creature loses flying.” Neither of these depends on the other, since nothing changes what they affect or what they’re doing to it. Applying them in timestamp order means the one that was generated last “wins.” The same process would be followed, and the same result reached, if either of the effects had a duration (such as “Target creature loses flying until end of turn”) or came from a non-Aura source (such as “All creatures lose flying”).
-Example: One effect reads, â€œWhite creatures get +1/+1,â€ and another reads, â€œEnchanted creature is white.â€ The enchanted creature gets +1/+1 from the first effect, regardless of its previous color.
+Example: One effect reads, “White creatures get +1/+1,” and another reads, “Enchanted creature is white.” The enchanted creature gets +1/+1 from the first effect, regardless of its previous color.
-613.9. Some continuous effects affect players rather than objects. For example, an effect might give a player protection from red. All such effects are applied in timestamp order after the determination of objectsâ€™ characteristics. See also the rules for timestamp order and dependency (rules 613.6 and 613.7).
+613.9. Some continuous effects affect players rather than objects. For example, an effect might give a player protection from red. All such effects are applied in timestamp order after the determination of objects’ characteristics. See also the rules for timestamp order and dependency (rules 613.6 and 613.7).
-613.10. Some continuous effects affect game rules rather than objects. For example, effects may modify a playerâ€™s maximum hand size, or say that a creature must attack this turn if able. These effects are applied after all other continuous effects have been applied. Continuous effects that affect the costs of spells or abilities are applied according to the order specified in rule 601.2f. All other such effects are applied in timestamp order. See also the rules for timestamp order and dependency (rules 613.6 and 613.7).
+613.10. Some continuous effects affect game rules rather than objects. For example, effects may modify a player’s maximum hand size, or say that a creature must attack this turn if able. These effects are applied after all other continuous effects have been applied. Continuous effects that affect the costs of spells or abilities are applied according to the order specified in rule 601.2f. All other such effects are applied in timestamp order. See also the rules for timestamp order and dependency (rules 613.6 and 613.7).
 614. Replacement Effects
-614.1. Some continuous effects are replacement effects. Like prevention effects (see rule 615), replacement effects apply continuously as events happenâ€”they arenâ€™t locked in ahead of time. Such effects watch for a particular event that would happen and completely or partially replace that event with a different event. They act like â€œshieldsâ€ around whatever theyâ€™re affecting.
+614.1. Some continuous effects are replacement effects. Like prevention effects (see rule 615), replacement effects apply continuously as events happen—they aren’t locked in ahead of time. Such effects watch for a particular event that would happen and completely or partially replace that event with a different event. They act like “shields” around whatever they’re affecting.
-614.1a Effects that use the word â€œinsteadâ€ are replacement effects. Most replacement effects use the word â€œinsteadâ€ to indicate what events will be replaced with other events.
+614.1a Effects that use the word “instead” are replacement effects. Most replacement effects use the word “instead” to indicate what events will be replaced with other events.
-614.1b Effects that use the word â€œskipâ€ are replacement effects. These replacement effects use the word â€œskipâ€ to indicate what events, steps, phases, or turns will be replaced with nothing.
+614.1b Effects that use the word “skip” are replacement effects. These replacement effects use the word “skip” to indicate what events, steps, phases, or turns will be replaced with nothing.
-614.1c Effects that read â€œ[This permanent] enters the battlefield with . . . ,â€ â€œAs [this permanent] enters the battlefield . . . ,â€ or â€œ[This permanent] enters the battlefield as . . . â€œ are replacement effects.
+614.1c Effects that read “[This permanent] enters the battlefield with . . . ,” “As [this permanent] enters the battlefield . . . ,” or “[This permanent] enters the battlefield as . . . “ are replacement effects.
-614.1d Continuous effects that read â€œ[This permanent] enters the battlefield . . .â€ or â€œ[Objects] enter the battlefield . . .â€ are replacement effects.
+614.1d Continuous effects that read “[This permanent] enters the battlefield . . .” or “[Objects] enter the battlefield . . .” are replacement effects.
-614.1e Effects that read â€œAs [this permanent] is turned face up . . . ,â€ are replacement effects.
+614.1e Effects that read “As [this permanent] is turned face up . . . ,” are replacement effects.
 614.2. Some replacement effects apply to damage from a source. See rule 609.7.
-614.3. There are no special restrictions on casting a spell or activating an ability that generates a replacement effect. Such effects last until theyâ€™re used up or their duration has expired.
+614.3. There are no special restrictions on casting a spell or activating an ability that generates a replacement effect. Such effects last until they’re used up or their duration has expired.
-614.4. Replacement effects must exist before the appropriate event occursâ€”they canâ€™t â€œgo back in timeâ€ and change something thatâ€™s already happened. Spells or abilities that generate these effects are often cast or activated in response to whatever would produce the event and thus resolve before that event would occur.
+614.4. Replacement effects must exist before the appropriate event occurs—they can’t “go back in time” and change something that’s already happened. Spells or abilities that generate these effects are often cast or activated in response to whatever would produce the event and thus resolve before that event would occur.
-Example: A player can activate an ability to regenerate a creature in response to a spell that would destroy it. Once the spell resolves, though, itâ€™s too late to regenerate the creature.
+Example: A player can activate an ability to regenerate a creature in response to a spell that would destroy it. Once the spell resolves, though, it’s too late to regenerate the creature.
-614.5. A replacement effect doesnâ€™t invoke itself repeatedly; it gets only one opportunity to affect an event or any modified events that may replace it.
+614.5. A replacement effect doesn’t invoke itself repeatedly; it gets only one opportunity to affect an event or any modified events that may replace it.
-Example: A player controls two permanents, each with an ability that reads â€œIf a creature you control would deal damage to a creature or player, it deals double that damage to that creature or player instead.â€ A creature that normally deals 2 damage will deal 8 damageâ€”not just 4, and not an infinite amount.
+Example: A player controls two permanents, each with an ability that reads “If a creature you control would deal damage to a permanent or player, it deals double that damage to that permanent or player instead.” A creature that normally deals 2 damage will deal 8 damage—not just 4, and not an infinite amount.
-614.6. If an event is replaced, it never happens. A modified event occurs instead, which may in turn trigger abilities. Note that the modified event may contain instructions that canâ€™t be carried out, in which case the impossible instruction is simply ignored.
+614.6. If an event is replaced, it never happens. A modified event occurs instead, which may in turn trigger abilities. Note that the modified event may contain instructions that can’t be carried out, in which case the impossible instruction is simply ignored.
-614.7. If a replacement effect would replace an event, but that event never happens, the replacement effect simply doesnâ€™t do anything.
+614.7. If a replacement effect would replace an event, but that event never happens, the replacement effect simply doesn’t do anything.
 614.7a If a source would deal 0 damage, it does not deal damage at all. Replacement effects that would increase the damage dealt by that source, or would have that source deal that damage to a different object or player, have no event to replace, so they have no effect.
-614.8. Regeneration is a destruction-replacement effect. The word â€œinsteadâ€ doesnâ€™t appear on the card but is implicit in the definition of regeneration. â€œRegenerate [permanent]â€ means â€œThe next time [permanent] would be destroyed this turn, instead remove all damage marked on it and tap it. If itâ€™s an attacking or blocking creature, remove it from combat.â€ Abilities that trigger from damage being dealt still trigger even if the permanent regenerates. See rule 701.13.
+614.8. Regeneration is a destruction-replacement effect. The word “instead” doesn’t appear on the card but is implicit in the definition of regeneration. “Regenerate [permanent]” means “The next time [permanent] would be destroyed this turn, instead remove all damage marked on it and tap it. If it’s an attacking or blocking creature, remove it from combat.” Abilities that trigger from damage being dealt still trigger even if the permanent regenerates. See rule 701.14.
 614.9. Some effects replace damage dealt to one creature, planeswalker, or player with the same damage dealt to another creature, planeswalker, or player; such effects are called redirection effects. If either creature or planeswalker is no longer on the battlefield when the damage would be redirected, or is no longer a creature or planeswalker when the damage would be redirected, the effect does nothing. If damage would be redirected to or from a player who has left the game, the effect does nothing.
-614.10. An effect that causes a player to skip an event, step, phase, or turn is a replacement effect. â€œSkip [something]â€ is the same as â€œInstead of doing [something], do nothing.â€ Once a step, phase, or turn has started, it can no longer be skippedâ€”any skip effects will wait until the next occurrence.
+614.10. An effect that causes a player to skip an event, step, phase, or turn is a replacement effect. “Skip [something]” is the same as “Instead of doing [something], do nothing.” Once a step, phase, or turn has started, it can no longer be skipped—any skip effects will wait until the next occurrence.
-614.10a Anything scheduled for a skipped step, phase, or turn wonâ€™t happen. Anything scheduled for the â€œnextâ€ occurrence of something waits for the first occurrence that isnâ€™t skipped. If two effects each cause a player to skip his or her next occurrence, that player must skip the next two; one effect will be satisfied in skipping the first occurrence, while the other will remain until another occurrence can be skipped.
+614.10a Anything scheduled for a skipped step, phase, or turn won’t happen. Anything scheduled for the “next” occurrence of something waits for the first occurrence that isn’t skipped. If two effects each cause a player to skip their next occurrence, that player must skip the next two; one effect will be satisfied in skipping the first occurrence, while the other will remain until another occurrence can be skipped.
 614.10b Some effects cause a player to skip a step, phase, or turn, then take another action. That action is considered to be the first thing that happens during the next step, phase, or turn to actually occur.
-614.11. Some effects replace card draws. These effects are applied even if no cards could be drawn because there are no cards in the affected playerâ€™s library.
+614.11. Some effects replace card draws. These effects are applied even if no cards could be drawn because there are no cards in the affected player’s library.
 614.11a If an effect replaces a draw within a sequence of card draws, all actions required by the replacement are completed, if possible, before resuming the sequence.
 614.11b If an effect would have a player both draw a card and perform an additional action on that card, and the draw is replaced, the additional action is not performed on any cards that are drawn as a result of that replacement effect.
-614.12. Some replacement effects modify how a permanent enters the battlefield. (See rules 614.1câ€“d.) Such effects may come from the permanent itself if they affect only that permanent (as opposed to a general subset of permanents that includes it). They may also come from other sources. To determine which replacement effects apply and how they apply, check the characteristics of the permanent as it would exist on the battlefield, taking into account replacement effects that have already modified how it enters the battlefield (see rule 616.1), continuous effects from the permanentâ€™s own static abilities that would apply to it once itâ€™s on the battlefield, and continuous effects that already exist and would apply to the permanent.
+614.12. Some replacement effects modify how a permanent enters the battlefield. (See rules 614.1c–d.) Such effects may come from the permanent itself if they affect only that permanent (as opposed to a general subset of permanents that includes it). They may also come from other sources. To determine which replacement effects apply and how they apply, check the characteristics of the permanent as it would exist on the battlefield, taking into account replacement effects that have already modified how it enters the battlefield (see rule 616.1), continuous effects from the permanent’s own static abilities that would apply to it once it’s on the battlefield, and continuous effects that already exist and would apply to the permanent.
-Example: Voice of All says â€œAs Voice of All enters the battlefield, choose a colorâ€ and â€œVoice of All has protection from the chosen color.â€ An effect creates a token thatâ€™s a copy of Voice of All. As that token is created, the tokenâ€™s controller chooses a color for it.
+Example: Voice of All says “As Voice of All enters the battlefield, choose a color” and “Voice of All has protection from the chosen color.” An effect creates a token that’s a copy of Voice of All. As that token is created, the token’s controller chooses a color for it.
-Example: Yixlid Jailer says â€œCards in graveyards lose all abilities.â€ Scarwood Treefolk says â€œScarwood Treefolk enters the battlefield tapped.â€ A Scarwood Treefolk thatâ€™s put onto the battlefield from a graveyard enters the battlefield tapped.
+Example: Yixlid Jailer says “Cards in graveyards lose all abilities.” Scarwood Treefolk says “Scarwood Treefolk enters the battlefield tapped.” A Scarwood Treefolk that’s put onto the battlefield from a graveyard enters the battlefield tapped.
-Example: Orb of Dreams is an artifact that says â€œPermanents enter the battlefield tapped.â€ It wonâ€™t affect itself, so Orb of Dreams enters the battlefield untapped.
+Example: Orb of Dreams is an artifact that says “Permanents enter the battlefield tapped.” It won’t affect itself, so Orb of Dreams enters the battlefield untapped.
 614.12a If a replacement effect that modifies how a permanent enters the battlefield requires a choice, that choice is made before the permanent enters the battlefield.
-614.12b Some replacement effects cause a permanent to enter the battlefield with its controllerâ€™s choice of one of two abilities, each marked with an anchor word and preceded by a bullet point. â€œ[Anchor word] â€” [ability]â€ means â€œAs long as [anchor word] was chosen as this permanent entered the battlefield, this permanent has [ability].â€ The abilities preceded by anchor words are each linked to the ability that causes a player to choose between them. See rule 607, â€œLinked Abilities.â€
+614.12b Some replacement effects cause a permanent to enter the battlefield with its controller’s choice of one of two abilities, each marked with an anchor word and preceded by a bullet point. “[Anchor word] — [ability]” means “As long as [anchor word] was chosen as this permanent entered the battlefield, this permanent has [ability].” The abilities preceded by anchor words are each linked to the ability that causes a player to choose between them. See rule 607, “Linked Abilities.”
 614.13. An effect that modifies how a permanent enters the battlefield may cause other objects to change zones.
-614.13a While applying an effect that modifies how a permanent enters the battlefield, you may have to choose a number of objects that will also change zones. You canâ€™t choose the object that will become that permanent or any other object entering the battlefield at the same time as that object.
+614.13a While applying an effect that modifies how a permanent enters the battlefield, you may have to choose a number of objects that will also change zones. You can’t choose the object that will become that permanent or any other object entering the battlefield at the same time as that object.
-Example: Sutured Ghoul says, in part, â€œAs Sutured Ghoul enters the battlefield, exile any number of creature cards from your graveyard.â€ If Sutured Ghoul and Runeclaw Bear enter the battlefield from your graveyard at the same time, you canâ€™t choose to exile either of them when applying Sutured Ghoulâ€™s replacement effect.
+Example: Sutured Ghoul says, in part, “As Sutured Ghoul enters the battlefield, exile any number of creature cards from your graveyard.” If Sutured Ghoul and Runeclaw Bear enter the battlefield from your graveyard at the same time, you can’t choose to exile either of them when applying Sutured Ghoul’s replacement effect.
-614.13b The same object canâ€™t be chosen to change zones more than once when applying replacement effects that modify how a single permanent enters the battlefield.
+614.13b The same object can’t be chosen to change zones more than once when applying replacement effects that modify how a single permanent enters the battlefield.
-Example: Jund (a plane card) says, â€œWhenever a player casts a black, red, or green creature spell, it gains devour 5.â€ A player controls Runeclaw Bear and casts Thunder-Thrash Elder, a red creature spell with devour 3. As Thunder-Thrash Elder enters the battlefield, its controller can choose to sacrifice Runeclaw Bear when applying the devour 3 effect or when applying the devour 5 effect, but not both. Thunder-Thrash Elder will enter the battlefield with zero, three, or five +1/+1 counters, depending on this choice.
+Example: Jund (a plane card) says, “Whenever a player casts a black, red, or green creature spell, it gains devour 5.” A player controls Runeclaw Bear and casts Thunder-Thrash Elder, a red creature spell with devour 3. As Thunder-Thrash Elder enters the battlefield, its controller can choose to sacrifice Runeclaw Bear when applying the devour 3 effect or when applying the devour 5 effect, but not both. Thunder-Thrash Elder will enter the battlefield with zero, three, or five +1/+1 counters, depending on this choice.
-614.14. An object may have one ability printed on it that generates a replacement effect which causes one or more cards to be exiled, and another ability that refers either to â€œthe exiled cardsâ€ or to cards â€œexiled with [this object].â€ These abilities are linked: the second refers only to cards in the exile zone that were put there as a direct result of the replacement event caused by the first. If another object gains a pair of linked abilities, the abilities will be similarly linked on that object. They canâ€™t be linked to any other ability, regardless of what other abilities the object may currently have or may have had in the past. See rule 607, â€œLinked Abilities.â€
+614.14. An object may have one ability printed on it that generates a replacement effect which causes one or more cards to be exiled, and another ability that refers either to “the exiled cards” or to cards “exiled with [this object].” These abilities are linked: the second refers only to cards in the exile zone that were put there as a direct result of the replacement event caused by the first. If another object gains a pair of linked abilities, the abilities will be similarly linked on that object. They can’t be linked to any other ability, regardless of what other abilities the object may currently have or may have had in the past. See rule 607, “Linked Abilities.”
-614.15. Some replacement effects are not continuous effects. Rather, they are an effect of a resolving spell or ability that replace part or all of that spell or abilityâ€™s own effect(s). Such effects are called self-replacement effects. The text creating a self-replacement effect is usually part of the ability whose effect is being replaced, but the text can be a separate ability, particularly when preceded by an ability word. When applying replacement effects to an event, self-replacement effects are applied before other replacement effects.
+614.15. Some replacement effects are not continuous effects. Rather, they are an effect of a resolving spell or ability that replace part or all of that spell or ability’s own effect(s). Such effects are called self-replacement effects. The text creating a self-replacement effect is usually part of the ability whose effect is being replaced, but the text can be a separate ability, particularly when preceded by an ability word. When applying replacement effects to an event, self-replacement effects are applied before other replacement effects.
-614.16. Some replacement effects apply â€œif an effect would create one or more tokensâ€ or â€œif an effect would put one or more counters on a permanent.â€ These replacement effects apply if the effect of a resolving spell or ability creates a token or puts a counter on a permanent, and they also apply if another replacement or prevention effect does so, even if the original event being modified wasnâ€™t itself an effect.
+614.16. Some replacement effects apply “if an effect would create one or more tokens” or “if an effect would put one or more counters on a permanent.” These replacement effects apply if the effect of a resolving spell or ability creates a token or puts a counter on a permanent, and they also apply if another replacement or prevention effect does so, even if the original event being modified wasn’t itself an effect.
-614.17. Some effects state that something canâ€™t happen. These effects arenâ€™t replacement effects, but follow similar rules.
+614.17. Some effects state that something can’t happen. These effects aren’t replacement effects, but follow similar rules.
-614.17a â€œCanâ€™tâ€ effects must exist before the appropriate event occursâ€”they canâ€™t â€œgo back in timeâ€ and change something thatâ€™s already happened.
+614.17a “Can’t” effects must exist before the appropriate event occurs—they can’t “go back in time” and change something that’s already happened.
-614.17b If an event canâ€™t happen, a player canâ€™t choose to pay a cost that includes that event.
+614.17b If an event can’t happen, a player can’t choose to pay a cost that includes that event.
-614.17c If an event canâ€™t happen, it can only be replaced by a self-replacement effect (see rule 614.15). Other replacement and/or prevention effects canâ€™t modify or replace it.
+614.17c If an event can’t happen, it can only be replaced by a self-replacement effect (see rule 614.15). Other replacement and/or prevention effects can’t modify or replace it.
-614.17d Some â€œcanâ€™tâ€ effects modify how a permanent enters the battlefield or whether it can enter the battlefield. Such effects may come from the permanent itself if they affect only that permanent (as opposed to a general subset of permanents that includes it). They may also come from other sources. To determine which â€œcanâ€™tâ€ effects apply, check the characteristics of the permanent as it would exist on the battlefield, taking into account replacement effects that have already modified how it enters the battlefield (see rule 616.1), continuous effects from the permanentâ€™s own static abilities that would apply to it once itâ€™s on the battlefield, and continuous effects that already exist and would apply to the permanent.
+614.17d Some “can’t” effects modify how a permanent enters the battlefield or whether it can enter the battlefield. Such effects may come from the permanent itself if they affect only that permanent (as opposed to a general subset of permanents that includes it). They may also come from other sources. To determine which “can’t” effects apply, check the characteristics of the permanent as it would exist on the battlefield, taking into account replacement effects that have already modified how it enters the battlefield (see rule 616.1), continuous effects from the permanent’s own static abilities that would apply to it once it’s on the battlefield, and continuous effects that already exist and would apply to the permanent.
 615. Prevention Effects
-615.1. Some continuous effects are prevention effects. Like replacement effects (see rule 614), prevention effects apply continuously as events happenâ€”they arenâ€™t locked in ahead of time. Such effects watch for a damage event that would happen and completely or partially prevent the damage that would be dealt. They act like â€œshieldsâ€ around whatever theyâ€™re affecting.
+615.1. Some continuous effects are prevention effects. Like replacement effects (see rule 614), prevention effects apply continuously as events happen—they aren’t locked in ahead of time. Such effects watch for a damage event that would happen and completely or partially prevent the damage that would be dealt. They act like “shields” around whatever they’re affecting.
-615.1a Effects that use the word â€œpreventâ€ are prevention effects. Prevention effects use â€œpreventâ€ to indicate what damage will not be dealt.
+615.1a Effects that use the word “prevent” are prevention effects. Prevention effects use “prevent” to indicate what damage will not be dealt.
 615.2. Many prevention effects apply to damage from a source. See rule 609.7.
-615.3. There are no special restrictions on casting a spell or activating an ability that generates a prevention effect. Such effects last until theyâ€™re used up or their duration has expired.
+615.3. There are no special restrictions on casting a spell or activating an ability that generates a prevention effect. Such effects last until they’re used up or their duration has expired.
-615.4. Prevention effects must exist before the appropriate damage event occursâ€”they canâ€™t â€œgo back in timeâ€ and change something thatâ€™s already happened. Spells or abilities that generate these effects are often cast or activated in response to whatever would produce the event and thus resolve before that event would occur.
+615.4. Prevention effects must exist before the appropriate damage event occurs—they can’t “go back in time” and change something that’s already happened. Spells or abilities that generate these effects are often cast or activated in response to whatever would produce the event and thus resolve before that event would occur.
-Example: A player can activate an ability that prevents damage in response to a spell that would deal damage. Once the spell resolves, though, itâ€™s too late to prevent the damage.
+Example: A player can activate an ability that prevents damage in response to a spell that would deal damage. Once the spell resolves, though, it’s too late to prevent the damage.
 615.5. Some prevention effects also include an additional effect, which may refer to the amount of damage that was prevented. The prevention takes place at the time the original event would have happened; the rest of the effect takes place immediately afterward.
-615.6. If damage that would be dealt is prevented, it never happens. A modified event may occur instead, which may in turn trigger abilities. Note that the modified event may contain instructions that canâ€™t be carried out, in which case the impossible instruction is simply ignored.
+615.6. If damage that would be dealt is prevented, it never happens. A modified event may occur instead, which may in turn trigger abilities. Note that the modified event may contain instructions that can’t be carried out, in which case the impossible instruction is simply ignored.
-615.7. Some prevention effects generated by the resolution of a spell or ability refer to a specific amount of damageâ€”for example, â€œPrevent the next 3 damage that would be dealt to target creature or player this turn.â€ These work like shields. Each 1 damage that would be dealt to the â€œshieldedâ€ creature or player is prevented. Preventing 1 damage reduces the remaining shield by 1. If damage would be dealt to the shielded creature or player by two or more applicable sources at the same time, the player or the controller of the creature chooses which damage the shield prevents. Once the shield has been reduced to 0, any remaining damage is dealt normally. Such effects count only the amount of damage; the number of events or sources dealing it doesnâ€™t matter.
+615.7. Some prevention effects generated by the resolution of a spell or ability refer to a specific amount of damage—for example, “Prevent the next 3 damage that would be dealt to any target this turn.” These work like shields. Each 1 damage that would be dealt to the “shielded” permanent or player is prevented. Preventing 1 damage reduces the remaining shield by 1. If damage would be dealt to the shielded permanent or player by two or more applicable sources at the same time, the player or the controller of the permanent chooses which damage the shield prevents. Once the shield has been reduced to 0, any remaining damage is dealt normally. Such effects count only the amount of damage; the number of events or sources dealing it doesn’t matter.
 615.8. Some prevention effects generated by the resolution of a spell or ability refer to the next time a specific source would deal damage. These effects prevent the next instance of damage from that source, regardless of how much damage that is. Once an instance of damage from that source has been prevented, any subsequent instances of damage that would be dealt by that source are dealt normally.
-615.9. Some effects generated by the resolution of a spell or ability prevent damage from a source of a playerâ€™s choice with certain properties. When the source would deal damage, the shield rechecks the sourceâ€™s properties. If the properties no longer match, the damage isnâ€™t prevented or replaced and the shield isnâ€™t used up. See rule 609.7b.
+615.9. Some effects generated by the resolution of a spell or ability prevent damage from a source of a player’s choice with certain properties. When the source would deal damage, the shield rechecks the source’s properties. If the properties no longer match, the damage isn’t prevented or replaced and the shield isn’t used up. See rule 609.7b.
-615.10. Some prevention effects generated by static abilities refer to a specific amount of damageâ€”for example, â€œIf a source would deal damage to you, prevent 1 of that damage.â€ Such an effect prevents only the indicated amount of damage in any applicable damage event at any given time. It will apply separately to damage from other applicable events that would happen at the same time, or at a different time.
+615.10. Some prevention effects generated by static abilities refer to a specific amount of damage—for example, “If a source would deal damage to you, prevent 1 of that damage.” Such an effect prevents only the indicated amount of damage in any applicable damage event at any given time. It will apply separately to damage from other applicable events that would happen at the same time, or at a different time.
-Example: Daunting Defender says â€œIf a source would deal damage to a Cleric creature you control, prevent 1 of that damage.â€ Pyroclasm says â€œPyroclasm deals 2 damage to each creature.â€ Pyroclasm will deal 1 damage to each Cleric creature controlled by Daunting Defenderâ€™s controller. It will deal 2 damage to each other creature that player controls.
+Example: Daunting Defender says “If a source would deal damage to a Cleric creature you control, prevent 1 of that damage.” Pyroclasm says “Pyroclasm deals 2 damage to each creature.” Pyroclasm will deal 1 damage to each Cleric creature controlled by Daunting Defender’s controller. It will deal 2 damage to each other creature.
 615.11. Some prevention effects prevent the next N damage that would be dealt to each of a number of untargeted creatures. Such an effect creates a prevention shield for each applicable creature when the spell or ability that generates that effect resolves.
-Example: Wojek Apothecary has an ability that says â€œ{T}: Prevent the next 1 damage that would be dealt to target creature and each other creature that shares a color with it this turn.â€ When the ability resolves, it gives the target creature and each other creature on the battlefield that shares a color with it at that time a shield preventing the next 1 damage that would be dealt to it. Changing creaturesâ€™ colors after the ability resolves doesnâ€™t add or remove shields, and creatures that enter the battlefield later in the turn donâ€™t get the shield.
+Example: Wojek Apothecary has an ability that says “{T}: Prevent the next 1 damage that would be dealt to target creature and each other creature that shares a color with it this turn.” When the ability resolves, it gives the target creature and each other creature on the battlefield that shares a color with it at that time a shield preventing the next 1 damage that would be dealt to it. Changing creatures’ colors after the ability resolves doesn’t add or remove shields, and creatures that enter the battlefield later in the turn don’t get the shield.
-615.12. Some effects state that damage â€œcanâ€™t be prevented.â€ If unpreventable damage would be dealt, any applicable prevention effects are still applied to it. Those effects wonâ€™t prevent any damage, but any additional effects they have will take place. Existing damage prevention shields wonâ€™t be reduced by damage that canâ€™t be prevented.
+615.12. Some effects state that damage “can’t be prevented.” If unpreventable damage would be dealt, any applicable prevention effects are still applied to it. Those effects won’t prevent any damage, but any additional effects they have will take place. Existing damage prevention shields won’t be reduced by damage that can’t be prevented.
-615.12a A prevention effect is applied to any particular unpreventable damage event just once. It wonâ€™t invoke itself repeatedly trying to prevent that damage.
+615.12a A prevention effect is applied to any particular unpreventable damage event just once. It won’t invoke itself repeatedly trying to prevent that damage.
 615.13. Some triggered abilities trigger when damage that would be dealt is prevented. Such an ability triggers each time a prevention effect is applied to one or more simultaneous damage events and prevents some or all of that damage.
 616. Interaction of Replacement and/or Prevention Effects
-616.1. If two or more replacement and/or prevention effects are attempting to modify the way an event affects an object or player, the affected objectâ€™s controller (or its owner if it has no controller) or the affected player chooses one to apply, following the steps listed below. If two or more players have to make these choices at the same time, choices are made in APNAP order (see rule 101.4).
+616.1. If two or more replacement and/or prevention effects are attempting to modify the way an event affects an object or player, the affected object’s controller (or its owner if it has no controller) or the affected player chooses one to apply, following the steps listed below. If two or more players have to make these choices at the same time, choices are made in APNAP order (see rule 101.4).
 616.1a If any of the replacement and/or prevention effects are self-replacement effects (see rule 614.15), one of them must be chosen. If not, proceed to rule 616.1b.
 616.1b If any of the replacement and/or prevention effects would modify under whose control an object would enter the battlefield, one of them must be chosen. If not, proceed to rule 616.1c.
 616.1c If any of the replacement and/or prevention effects would cause an object to become a copy of another object as it enters the battlefield, one of them must be chosen. If not, proceed to rule 616.1d.
 616.1d Any of the applicable replacement and/or prevention effects may be chosen.
 616.1e Once the chosen effect has been applied, this process is repeated (taking into account only replacement or prevention effects that would now be applicable) until there are no more left to apply.
-Example: Two permanents are on the battlefield. One is an enchantment that reads â€œIf a card would be put into a graveyard from anywhere, instead exile it,â€ and the other is a creature that reads â€œIf [this creature] would be put into a graveyard from the battlefield, instead shuffle it into its ownerâ€™s library.â€ If the creature is destroyed, its controller decides which replacement to apply first; the other does nothing.
+Example: Two permanents are on the battlefield. One is an enchantment that reads “If a card would be put into a graveyard from anywhere, instead exile it,” and the other is a creature that reads “If [this creature] would die, instead shuffle it into its owner’s library.” If the creature is destroyed, its controller decides which replacement to apply first; the other does nothing.
-Example: Essence of the Wild reads â€œCreatures you control enter the battlefield as a copy of Essence of the Wild.â€ A player who controls Essence of the Wild casts Rusted Sentinel, which normally enters the battlefield tapped. As it enters the battlefield, the copy effect from Essence of the Wild is applied first. As a result, it no longer has the ability that causes it to enter the battlefield tapped. Rusted Sentinel will enter the battlefield as an untapped copy of Essence of the Wild.
+Example: Essence of the Wild reads “Creatures you control enter the battlefield as a copy of Essence of the Wild.” A player who controls Essence of the Wild casts Rusted Sentinel, which normally enters the battlefield tapped. As it enters the battlefield, the copy effect from Essence of the Wild is applied first. As a result, it no longer has the ability that causes it to enter the battlefield tapped. Rusted Sentinel will enter the battlefield as an untapped copy of Essence of the Wild.
-616.1f While following the steps in 616.1aâ€“d, one replacement or prevention effect may apply to an event, and another may apply to an event contained within the first event. In this case, the second effect canâ€™t be chosen until after the first effect has been chosen.
+616.1f While following the steps in 616.1a–d, one replacement or prevention effect may apply to an event, and another may apply to an event contained within the first event. In this case, the second effect can’t be chosen until after the first effect has been chosen.
-Example: A player is instructed to create a token thatâ€™s a copy of Voice of All, which has the ability â€œAs Voice of All enters the battlefield, choose a color.â€ Doubling Season has an ability that reads â€œIf an effect would create one or more tokens under your control, it creates twice that many of those tokens instead.â€ Because entering the battlefield is an event contained within the event of creating a token, the effect of Doubling Season must be applied first, and then the effects of the two Voice of All tokens may be applied in either order.
+Example: A player is instructed to create a token that’s a copy of Voice of All, which has the ability “As Voice of All enters the battlefield, choose a color.” Doubling Season has an ability that reads “If an effect would create one or more tokens under your control, it creates twice that many of those tokens instead.” Because entering the battlefield is an event contained within the event of creating a token, the effect of Doubling Season must be applied first, and then the effects of the two Voice of All tokens may be applied in either order.
 616.2. A replacement or prevention effect can become applicable to an event as the result of another replacement or prevention effect that modifies the event.
-Example: One effect reads â€œIf you would gain life, draw that many cards instead,â€ and another reads â€œIf you would draw a card, return a card from your graveyard to your hand instead.â€ Both effects combine (regardless of the order they came into existence): Instead of gaining 1 life, the player puts a card from his or her graveyard into his or her hand.
+Example: One effect reads “If you would gain life, draw that many cards instead,” and another reads “If you would draw a card, return a card from your graveyard to your hand instead.” Both effects combine (regardless of the order they came into existence): Instead of gaining 1 life, the player puts a card from their graveyard into their hand.
 7. Additional Rules
 700. General
-700.1. Anything that happens in a game is an event. Multiple events may take place during the resolution of a spell or ability. The text of triggered abilities and replacement effects defines the event theyâ€™re looking for. One â€œhappeningâ€ may be treated as a single event by one ability and as multiple events by another.
+700.1. Anything that happens in a game is an event. Multiple events may take place during the resolution of a spell or ability. The text of triggered abilities and replacement effects defines the event they’re looking for. One “happening” may be treated as a single event by one ability and as multiple events by another.
-Example: If an attacking creature is blocked by two creatures, this is one event for a triggered ability that reads â€œWhenever [this creature] becomes blockedâ€ but two events for a triggered ability that reads â€œWhenever [this creature] becomes blocked by a creature.â€
+Example: If an attacking creature is blocked by two creatures, this is one event for a triggered ability that reads “Whenever [this creature] becomes blocked” but two events for a triggered ability that reads “Whenever [this creature] becomes blocked by a creature.”
-700.2. A spell or ability is modal if it has two or more options in a bulleted list preceded by instructions for a player to choose a number of those options, such as â€œChoose one â€”.â€ Each of those options is a mode. Modal cards printed prior to the Khans of Tarkir set didnâ€™t use bulleted lists for the modes; these cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference so the modes do appear in a bulleted list.
+700.2. A spell or ability is modal if it has two or more options in a bulleted list preceded by instructions for a player to choose a number of those options, such as “Choose one —.” Each of those options is a mode. Modal cards printed prior to the Khans of Tarkir set didn’t use bulleted lists for the modes; these cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference so the modes do appear in a bulleted list.
-700.2a The controller of a modal spell or activated ability chooses the mode(s) as part of casting that spell or activating that ability. If one of the modes would be illegal (due to an inability to choose legal targets, for example), that mode canâ€™t be chosen. (See rule 601.2b.)
+700.2a The controller of a modal spell or activated ability chooses the mode(s) as part of casting that spell or activating that ability. If one of the modes would be illegal (due to an inability to choose legal targets, for example), that mode can’t be chosen. (See rule 601.2b.)
-700.2b The controller of a modal triggered ability chooses the mode(s) as part of putting that ability on the stack. If one of the modes would be illegal (due to an inability to choose legal targets, for example), that mode canâ€™t be chosen. If no mode can be chosen, the ability is removed from the stack. (See rule 603.3c.)
+700.2b The controller of a modal triggered ability chooses the mode(s) as part of putting that ability on the stack. If one of the modes would be illegal (due to an inability to choose legal targets, for example), that mode can’t be chosen. If no mode can be chosen, the ability is removed from the stack. (See rule 603.3c.)
-700.2c If a spell or ability targets one or more targets only if a particular mode is chosen for it, its controller will need to choose those targets only if he or she chose that mode. Otherwise, the spell or ability is treated as though it did not have those targets. (See rule 601.2c.)
+700.2c If a spell or ability targets one or more targets only if a particular mode is chosen for it, its controller will need to choose those targets only if they chose that mode. Otherwise, the spell or ability is treated as though it did not have those targets. (See rule 601.2c.)
-700.2d If a player is allowed to choose more than one mode for a modal spell or ability, that player normally canâ€™t choose the same mode more than once. However, a few modal spells include the instruction â€œYou may choose the same mode more than once.â€ If a particular mode is chosen multiple times, the spell is treated as if that mode appeared that many times in sequence. If that mode requires a target, the same player or object may be chosen as the target for each of those modes, or different targets may be chosen.
+700.2d If a player is allowed to choose more than one mode for a modal spell or ability, that player normally can’t choose the same mode more than once. However, a few modal spells include the instruction “You may choose the same mode more than once.” If a particular mode is chosen multiple times, the spell is treated as if that mode appeared that many times in sequence. If that mode requires a target, the same player or object may be chosen as the target for each of those modes, or different targets may be chosen.
-700.2e Some spells and abilities specify that a player other than their controller chooses a mode for it. In that case, the other player does so when the spell or abilityâ€™s controller normally would do so. If there is more than one other player who could make such a choice, the spell or abilityâ€™s controller decides which of those players will make the choice.
+700.2e Some spells and abilities specify that a player other than their controller chooses a mode for it. In that case, the other player does so when the spell or ability’s controller normally would do so. If there is more than one other player who could make such a choice, the spell or ability’s controller decides which of those players will make the choice.
-700.2f Modal spells and abilities may have different targeting requirements for each mode. Changing a spell or abilityâ€™s target canâ€™t change its mode.
+700.2f Modal spells and abilities may have different targeting requirements for each mode. Changing a spell or ability’s target can’t change its mode.
-700.2g A copy of a modal spell or ability copies the mode(s) chosen for it. The controller of the copy canâ€™t choose a different mode. (See rule 706.10.)
+700.2g A copy of a modal spell or ability copies the mode(s) chosen for it. The controller of the copy can’t choose a different mode. (See rule 706.10.)
 700.3. Some effects cause objects to be temporarily grouped into piles.
 700.3a Each of the affected objects must be put into exactly one of those piles, unless the effect specifies otherwise.
 700.3b Each object in a pile is still an individual object. The pile is not an object.
-700.3c Objects grouped into piles donâ€™t leave the zone theyâ€™re currently in. If cards in a graveyard are split into piles, the order of the graveyard must be maintained.
+700.3c Objects grouped into piles don’t leave the zone they’re currently in. If cards in a graveyard are split into piles, the order of the graveyard must be maintained.
-Example: Fact or Fiction reads, â€œReveal the top five cards of your library. An opponent separates those cards into two piles. Put one pile into your hand and the other into your graveyard.â€ While an opponent is separating the revealed cards into piles, theyâ€™re still in their ownerâ€™s library. They donâ€™t leave the library until theyâ€™re put into their ownerâ€™s hand or graveyard.
+Example: Fact or Fiction reads, “Reveal the top five cards of your library. An opponent separates those cards into two piles. Put one pile into your hand and the other into your graveyard.” While an opponent is separating the revealed cards into piles, they’re still in their owner’s library. They don’t leave the library until they’re put into their owner’s hand or graveyard.
 700.3d A pile can contain zero or more objects.
-700.4. The term dies means â€œis put into a graveyard from the battlefield.â€
+700.4. The term dies means “is put into a graveyard from the battlefield.”
-700.5. A playerâ€™s devotion to [color] is equal to the number of mana symbols of that color among the mana costs of permanents that player controls. A playerâ€™s devotion to [color 1] and [color 2] is equal to the number of mana symbols among the mana costs of permanents that player controls that are [color 1], [color 2], or both colors.
+700.5. A player’s devotion to [color] is equal to the number of mana symbols of that color among the mana costs of permanents that player controls. A player’s devotion to [color 1] and [color 2] is equal to the number of mana symbols among the mana costs of permanents that player controls that are [color 1], [color 2], or both colors.
-700.6. Some cards refer to cards with a name originally printed in a particular set.
+700.6. The term historic refers to an object that has the legendary supertype, the artifact card type, or the Saga subtype.
-700.6a One card (City in a Bottle) refers to permanents and cards with a name originally printed in the Arabian Nightsâ„¢ expansion. Those names are Abu Jaâ€™far, Aladdin, Aladdinâ€™s Lamp, Aladdinâ€™s Ring, Ali Baba, Ali from Cairo, Army of Allah, Bazaar of Baghdad, Bird Maiden, Bottle of Suleiman, Brass Man, Camel, City in a Bottle, City of Brass, Cuombajj Witches, Cyclone, Dancing Scimitar, DandÃ¢n, Desert, Desert Nomads, Desert Twister, Diamond Valley, Drop of Honey, Ebony Horse, Elephant Graveyard, El-HajjÃ¢j, Erg Raiders, Erhnam Djinn, Eye for an Eye, Fishliver Oil, Flying Carpet, Flying Men, GhazbÃ¡n Ogre, Giant Tortoise, Guardian Beast, Hasran Ogress, Hurr Jackal, Ifh-Biff Efreet, Island Fish Jasconius, Island of Wak-Wak, Jandorâ€™s Ring, Jandorâ€™s Saddlebags, Jeweled Bird, Jihad, JunÃºn Efreet, JuzÃ¡m Djinn, KhabÃ¡l Ghoul, King Suleiman, Kird Ape, Library of Alexandria, Magnetic Mountain, Merchant Ship, Metamorphosis, Mijae Djinn, Moorish Cavalry, Nafs Asp, Oasis, Old Man of the Sea, Oubliette, Piety, Pyramids, Repentant Blacksmith, Ring of Maâ€™rÃ»f, Rukh Egg, Sandals of Abdallah, Sandstorm, Serendib Djinn, Serendib Efreet, Shahrazad, Sindbad, Singing Tree, Sorceress Queen, Stone-Throwing Devils, Unstable Mutation, War Elephant, Wyluli Wolf, and Ydwen Efreet.
+700.7. If an ability of an object uses a phrase such as “this [something]” to identify an object, where [something] is a characteristic, it is referring to that particular object, even if it isn’t the appropriate characteristic at the time.
+Example: An ability reads “Target creature gets +2/+2 until end of turn. Destroy that creature at the beginning of the next end step.” The ability will destroy the object it gave +2/+2 to even if that object isn’t a creature at the beginning of the next end step.
-700.6b One card (Golgothian Sylex) refers to permanents with a name originally printed in the Antiquitiesâ„¢ expansion. Those names are Amulet of Kroog, Argivian Archaeologist, Argivian Blacksmith, Argothian Pixies, Argothian Treefolk, Armageddon Clock, Artifact Blast, Artifact Possession, Artifact Ward, Ashnodâ€™s Altar, Ashnodâ€™s Battle Gear, Ashnodâ€™s Transmogrant, Atog, Battering Ram, Bronze Tablet, Candelabra of Tawnos, Circle of Protection: Artifacts, Citanul Druid, Clay Statue, Clockwork Avian, Colossus of Sardia, Coral Helm, Crumble, Cursed Rack, Damping Field, Detonate, Drafnaâ€™s Restoration, Dragon Engine, Dwarven Weaponsmith, Energy Flux, Feldonâ€™s Cane, Gaeaâ€™s Avenger, Gate to Phyrexia, Goblin Artisans, Golgothian Sylex, Grapeshot Catapult, Haunting Wind, Hurkylâ€™s Recall, Ivory Tower, Jalum Tome, Martyrs of Korlis, Mightstone, Millstone, Mishraâ€™s Factory, Mishraâ€™s War Machine, Mishraâ€™s Workshop, Obelisk of Undoing, Onulet, Orcish Mechanics, Ornithopter, Phyrexian Gremlins, Power Artifact, Powerleech, Priest of Yawgmoth, Primal Clay, The Rack, Rakalite, Reconstruction, Reverse Polarity, Rocket Launcher, Sage of Lat-Nam, Shapeshifter, Shatterstorm, Staff of Zegon, Strip Mine, Su-Chi, Tablet of Epityr, Tawnosâ€™s Coffin, Tawnosâ€™s Wand, Tawnosâ€™s Weaponry, Tetravus, Titaniaâ€™s Song, Transmute Artifact, Triskelion, Urzaâ€™s Avenger, Urzaâ€™s Chalice, Urzaâ€™s Mine, Urzaâ€™s Miter, Urzaâ€™s Power Plant, Urzaâ€™s Tower, Wall of Spears, Weakstone, Xenic Poltergeist, Yawgmoth Demon, and Yotian Soldier.
+700.8. Some cards refer to cards with a name originally printed in a particular set.
-700.6c One card (Apocalypse Chime) refers to permanents with a name originally printed in the Homelandsâ„¢ expansion. Those names are Abbey Gargoyles; Abbey Matron; Aether Storm; Alibanâ€™s Tower; Ambush; Ambush Party; Anaba Ancestor; Anaba Bodyguard; Anaba Shaman; Anaba Spirit Crafter; An-Havva Constable; An-Havva Inn; An-Havva Township; An-Zerrin Ruins; Apocalypse Chime; Autumn Willow; Aysen Abbey; Aysen Bureaucrats; Aysen Crusader; Aysen Highway; Bakiâ€™s Curse; Baron Sengir; Beast Walkers; Black Carriage; Broken Visage; Carapace; Castle Sengir; Cemetery Gate; Chain Stasis; Chandler; Clockwork Gnomes; Clockwork Steed; Clockwork Swarm; Coral Reef; Dark Maze; Daughter of Autumn; Death Speakers; Didgeridoo; Drudge Spell; Dry Spell; Dwarven Pony; Dwarven Sea Clan; Dwarven Trader; Ebony Rhino; Eron the Relentless; Evaporate; Faerie Noble; Feast of the Unicorn; Ferozâ€™s Ban; Folk of An-Havva; Forget; Funeral March; Ghost Hounds; Giant Albatross; Giant Oyster; Grandmother Sengir; Greater Werewolf; Hazduhr the Abbot; Headstone; Heart Wolf; Hungry Mist; Ihsanâ€™s Shade; Irini Sengir; Ironclaw Curse; Jinx; Joven; Jovenâ€™s Ferrets; Jovenâ€™s Tools; Koskun Falls; Koskun Keep; Labyrinth Minotaur; Leaping Lizard; Leeches; Mammoth Harness; Marjhan; Memory Lapse; Merchant Scroll; Mesa Falcon; Mystic Decree; Narwhal; Orcish Mine; Primal Order; Prophecy; Rashka the Slayer; Reef Pirates; Renewal; Retribution; Reveka, Wizard Savant; Root Spider; Roots; Roterothopter; Rysorian Badger; Samite Alchemist; Sea Sprite; Sea Troll; Sengir Autocrat; Sengir Bats; Serra Aviary; Serra Bestiary; Serra Inquisitors; Serra Paladin; Serrated Arrows; Shrink; Soraya the Falconer; Spectral Bears; Timmerian Fiends; Torture; Trade Caravan; Truce; Veldrane of Sengir; Wall of Kelp; Willow Faerie; Willow Priestess; Winter Sky; and Wizardsâ€™ School.
+700.8a One card (City in a Bottle) refers to permanents and cards with a name originally printed in the Arabian Nights™ expansion. Those names are Abu Ja’far, Aladdin, Aladdin’s Lamp, Aladdin’s Ring, Ali Baba, Ali from Cairo, Army of Allah, Bazaar of Baghdad, Bird Maiden, Bottle of Suleiman, Brass Man, Camel, City in a Bottle, City of Brass, Cuombajj Witches, Cyclone, Dancing Scimitar, Dandân, Desert, Desert Nomads, Desert Twister, Diamond Valley, Drop of Honey, Ebony Horse, Elephant Graveyard, El-Hajjâj, Erg Raiders, Erhnam Djinn, Eye for an Eye, Fishliver Oil, Flying Carpet, Flying Men, Ghazbán Ogre, Giant Tortoise, Guardian Beast, Hasran Ogress, Hurr Jackal, Ifh-Biff Efreet, Island Fish Jasconius, Island of Wak-Wak, Jandor’s Ring, Jandor’s Saddlebags, Jeweled Bird, Jihad, Junún Efreet, Juzám Djinn, Khabál Ghoul, King Suleiman, Kird Ape, Library of Alexandria, Magnetic Mountain, Merchant Ship, Metamorphosis, Mijae Djinn, Moorish Cavalry, Nafs Asp, Oasis, Old Man of the Sea, Oubliette, Piety, Pyramids, Repentant Blacksmith, Ring of Ma’rûf, Rukh Egg, Sandals of Abdallah, Sandstorm, Serendib Djinn, Serendib Efreet, Shahrazad, Sindbad, Singing Tree, Sorceress Queen, Stone-Throwing Devils, Unstable Mutation, War Elephant, Wyluli Wolf, and Ydwen Efreet.
+700.8b One card (Golgothian Sylex) refers to permanents with a name originally printed in the Antiquities™ expansion. Those names are Amulet of Kroog, Argivian Archaeologist, Argivian Blacksmith, Argothian Pixies, Argothian Treefolk, Armageddon Clock, Artifact Blast, Artifact Possession, Artifact Ward, Ashnod’s Altar, Ashnod’s Battle Gear, Ashnod’s Transmogrant, Atog, Battering Ram, Bronze Tablet, Candelabra of Tawnos, Circle of Protection: Artifacts, Citanul Druid, Clay Statue, Clockwork Avian, Colossus of Sardia, Coral Helm, Crumble, Cursed Rack, Damping Field, Detonate, Drafna’s Restoration, Dragon Engine, Dwarven Weaponsmith, Energy Flux, Feldon’s Cane, Gaea’s Avenger, Gate to Phyrexia, Goblin Artisans, Golgothian Sylex, Grapeshot Catapult, Haunting Wind, Hurkyl’s Recall, Ivory Tower, Jalum Tome, Martyrs of Korlis, Mightstone, Millstone, Mishra’s Factory, Mishra’s War Machine, Mishra’s Workshop, Obelisk of Undoing, Onulet, Orcish Mechanics, Ornithopter, Phyrexian Gremlins, Power Artifact, Powerleech, Priest of Yawgmoth, Primal Clay, The Rack, Rakalite, Reconstruction, Reverse Polarity, Rocket Launcher, Sage of Lat-Nam, Shapeshifter, Shatterstorm, Staff of Zegon, Strip Mine, Su-Chi, Tablet of Epityr, Tawnos’s Coffin, Tawnos’s Wand, Tawnos’s Weaponry, Tetravus, Titania’s Song, Transmute Artifact, Triskelion, Urza’s Avenger, Urza’s Chalice, Urza’s Mine, Urza’s Miter, Urza’s Power Plant, Urza’s Tower, Wall of Spears, Weakstone, Xenic Poltergeist, Yawgmoth Demon, and Yotian Soldier.
+700.8c One card (Apocalypse Chime) refers to permanents with a name originally printed in the Homelands™ expansion. Those names are Abbey Gargoyles; Abbey Matron; Aether Storm; Aliban’s Tower; Ambush; Ambush Party; Anaba Ancestor; Anaba Bodyguard; Anaba Shaman; Anaba Spirit Crafter; An-Havva Constable; An-Havva Inn; An-Havva Township; An-Zerrin Ruins; Apocalypse Chime; Autumn Willow; Aysen Abbey; Aysen Bureaucrats; Aysen Crusader; Aysen Highway; Baki’s Curse; Baron Sengir; Beast Walkers; Black Carriage; Broken Visage; Carapace; Castle Sengir; Cemetery Gate; Chain Stasis; Chandler; Clockwork Gnomes; Clockwork Steed; Clockwork Swarm; Coral Reef; Dark Maze; Daughter of Autumn; Death Speakers; Didgeridoo; Drudge Spell; Dry Spell; Dwarven Pony; Dwarven Sea Clan; Dwarven Trader; Ebony Rhino; Eron the Relentless; Evaporate; Faerie Noble; Feast of the Unicorn; Feroz’s Ban; Folk of An-Havva; Forget; Funeral March; Ghost Hounds; Giant Albatross; Giant Oyster; Grandmother Sengir; Greater Werewolf; Hazduhr the Abbot; Headstone; Heart Wolf; Hungry Mist; Ihsan’s Shade; Irini Sengir; Ironclaw Curse; Jinx; Joven; Joven’s Ferrets; Joven’s Tools; Koskun Falls; Koskun Keep; Labyrinth Minotaur; Leaping Lizard; Leeches; Mammoth Harness; Marjhan; Memory Lapse; Merchant Scroll; Mesa Falcon; Mystic Decree; Narwhal; Orcish Mine; Primal Order; Prophecy; Rashka the Slayer; Reef Pirates; Renewal; Retribution; Reveka, Wizard Savant; Root Spider; Roots; Roterothopter; Rysorian Badger; Samite Alchemist; Sea Sprite; Sea Troll; Sengir Autocrat; Sengir Bats; Serra Aviary; Serra Bestiary; Serra Inquisitors; Serra Paladin; Serrated Arrows; Shrink; Soraya the Falconer; Spectral Bears; Timmerian Fiends; Torture; Trade Caravan; Truce; Veldrane of Sengir; Wall of Kelp; Willow Faerie; Willow Priestess; Winter Sky; and Wizards’ School.
 701. Keyword Actions
-701.1. Most actions described in a cardâ€™s rules text use the standard English definitions of the verbs within, but some specialized verbs are used whose meanings may not be clear. These â€œkeywordsâ€ are game terms; sometimes reminder text summarizes their meanings.
+701.1. Most actions described in a card’s rules text use the standard English definitions of the verbs within, but some specialized verbs are used whose meanings may not be clear. These “keywords” are game terms; sometimes reminder text summarizes their meanings.
 701.2. Activate
-701.2a To activate an activated ability is to put it onto the stack and pay its costs, so that it will eventually resolve and have its effect. Only an objectâ€™s controller (or its owner, if it doesnâ€™t have a controller) can activate its activated ability unless the object specifically says otherwise. A player may activate an ability if he or she has priority. See rule 602, â€œActivating Activated Abilities.â€
+701.2a To activate an activated ability is to put it onto the stack and pay its costs, so that it will eventually resolve and have its effect. Only an object’s controller (or its owner, if it doesn’t have a controller) can activate its activated ability unless the object specifically says otherwise. A player may activate an ability if they have priority. See rule 602, “Activating Activated Abilities.”
 701.3. Attach
-701.3a To attach an Aura, Equipment, or Fortification to an object means to take it from where it currently is and put it onto that object. If something is attached to a permanent on the battlefield, itâ€™s customary to place it so that itâ€™s physically touching the permanent. An Aura, Equipment, or Fortification canâ€™t be attached to an object it couldnâ€™t enchant, equip, or fortify, respectively.
+701.3a To attach an Aura, Equipment, or Fortification to an object means to take it from where it currently is and put it onto that object. If something is attached to a permanent on the battlefield, it’s customary to place it so that it’s physically touching the permanent. An Aura, Equipment, or Fortification can’t be attached to an object it couldn’t enchant, equip, or fortify, respectively.
-701.3b If an effect tries to attach an Aura, Equipment, or Fortification to an object it canâ€™t be attached to, the Aura, Equipment, or Fortification doesnâ€™t move. If an effect tries to attach an Aura, Equipment, or Fortification to the object itâ€™s already attached to, the effect does nothing. If an effect tries to attach an object that isnâ€™t an Aura, Equipment, or Fortification to another object or player, the effect does nothing and the first object doesnâ€™t move.
+701.3b If an effect tries to attach an Aura, Equipment, or Fortification to an object it can’t be attached to, the Aura, Equipment, or Fortification doesn’t move. If an effect tries to attach an Aura, Equipment, or Fortification to the object it’s already attached to, the effect does nothing. If an effect tries to attach an object that isn’t an Aura, Equipment, or Fortification to another object or player, the effect does nothing and the first object doesn’t move.
 701.3c Attaching an Aura, Equipment, or Fortification on the battlefield to a different object causes the Aura, Equipment, or Fortification to receive a new timestamp.
-701.3d To â€œunattachâ€ an Equipment from a creature means to move it away from that creature so the Equipment is on the battlefield but is not equipping anything. It should no longer be physically touching any creature. If an Aura, Equipment, or Fortification that was attached to an object or player ceases to be attached to it, that counts as â€œbecoming unattached [from that object or player]â€; this includes if that Aura, Equipment, or Fortification leaves the battlefield, the object leaves the zone it was in, or that player leaves the game.
+701.3d To “unattach” an Equipment from a creature means to move it away from that creature so the Equipment is on the battlefield but is not equipping anything. It should no longer be physically touching any creature. If an Aura, Equipment, or Fortification that was attached to an object or player ceases to be attached to it, that counts as “becoming unattached [from that object or player]”; this includes if that Aura, Equipment, or Fortification leaves the battlefield, the object leaves the zone it was in, or that player leaves the game.
 701.4. Cast
-701.4a To cast a spell is to take it from the zone itâ€™s in (usually the hand), put it on the stack, and pay its costs, so that it will eventually resolve and have its effect. A player may cast a spell if he or she has priority. See rule 601, â€œCasting Spells.â€
+701.4a To cast a spell is to take it from the zone it’s in (usually the hand), put it on the stack, and pay its costs, so that it will eventually resolve and have its effect. A player may cast a spell if they have priority. See rule 601, “Casting Spells.”
 701.4b To cast a card is to cast it as a spell.
 701.5. Counter
-701.5a To counter a spell or ability means to cancel it, removing it from the stack. It doesnâ€™t resolve and none of its effects occur. A countered spell is put into its ownerâ€™s graveyard.
+701.5a To counter a spell or ability means to cancel it, removing it from the stack. It doesn’t resolve and none of its effects occur. A countered spell is put into its owner’s graveyard.
-701.5b The player who cast a countered spell or activated a countered ability doesnâ€™t get a â€œrefundâ€ of any costs that were paid.
+701.5b The player who cast a countered spell or activated a countered ability doesn’t get a “refund” of any costs that were paid.
 701.6. Create
 701.6a To create one or more tokens with certain characteristics, put the specified number of tokens with the specified characteristics onto the battlefield.
-701.6b Previously, an effect that created tokens instructed a player to â€œput [those tokens] onto the battlefield.â€ Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference so they now â€œcreateâ€ those tokens.
+701.6b If a replacement effect applies to a token being created, that effect applies before considering any continuous effects that will modify the characteristics of that token. If a replacement effect applies to a token entering the battlefield, that effect applies after considering any continuous effects that will modify the characteristics of that token.
+701.6c Previously, an effect that created tokens instructed a player to “put [those tokens] onto the battlefield.” Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference so they now “create” those tokens.
 701.7. Destroy
-701.7a To destroy a permanent, move it from the battlefield to its ownerâ€™s graveyard.
+701.7a To destroy a permanent, move it from the battlefield to its owner’s graveyard.
-701.7b The only ways a permanent can be destroyed are as a result of an effect that uses the word â€œdestroyâ€ or as a result of the state-based actions that check for lethal damage (see rule 704.5g) or damage from a source with deathtouch (see rule 704.5h). If a permanent is put into its ownerâ€™s graveyard for any other reason, it hasnâ€™t been â€œdestroyed.â€
+701.7b The only ways a permanent can be destroyed are as a result of an effect that uses the word “destroy” or as a result of the state-based actions that check for lethal damage (see rule 704.5g) or damage from a source with deathtouch (see rule 704.5h). If a permanent is put into its owner’s graveyard for any other reason, it hasn’t been “destroyed.”
-701.7c A regeneration effect replaces a destruction event. See rule 701.13, â€œRegenerate.â€
+701.7c A regeneration effect replaces a destruction event. See rule 701.14, “Regenerate.”
 701.8. Discard
-701.8a To discard a card, move it from its ownerâ€™s hand to that playerâ€™s graveyard.
+701.8a To discard a card, move it from its owner’s hand to that player’s graveyard.
 701.8b By default, effects that cause a player to discard a card allow the affected player to choose which card to discard. Some effects, however, require a random discard or allow another player to choose which card is discarded.
-701.8c If a card is discarded, but an effect causes it to be put into a hidden zone instead of into its ownerâ€™s graveyard without being revealed, all values of that cardâ€™s characteristics are considered to be undefined. If a card is discarded this way to pay a cost that specifies a characteristic about the discarded card, that cost payment is illegal; the game returns to the moment before the cost was paid (see rule 720, â€œHandling Illegal Actionsâ€).
+701.8c If a card is discarded, but an effect causes it to be put into a hidden zone instead of into its owner’s graveyard without being revealed, all values of that card’s characteristics are considered to be undefined. If a card is discarded this way to pay a cost that specifies a characteristic about the discarded card, that cost payment is illegal; the game returns to the moment before the cost was paid (see rule 721, “Handling Illegal Actions”).
-701.9. Exchange
+701.9. Double
-701.9a A spell or ability may instruct players to exchange something (for example, life totals or control of two permanents) as part of its resolution. When such a spell or ability resolves, if the entire exchange canâ€™t be completed, no part of the exchange occurs.
+701.9a Doubling a creature’s power and/or toughness creates a continuous effect. This effect modifies that creature’s power and/or toughness but doesn’t set those characteristics to a specific value. See rule 613.3c.
+701.9b To double a creature’s power, that creature gets +X/+0, where X is that creature’s power as the spell or ability that doubles its power resolves. Similarly, an effect that doubles a creature’s toughness gives it +0/+X, where X is that creature’s toughness. Doubling a creature’s power and toughness gives it +X/+Y, where X is its power and Y is its toughness.
+701.9c If a creature’s power is less than 0 when it’s doubled, doubling that creature’s power instead means that the creature gets -X/-0, where X is the difference between 0 and its power. Similarly, if its toughness is less than 0 when doubled, it gets -0/-X. If one characteristic’s value is negative but the other isn’t when both are doubled, it gets -X/+Y or +X/-Y, as appropriate.
+701.9d To double a player’s life total, the player gains or loses an amount of life such that their new life total is twice its current value.
+701.9e To double the number of a kind of counters on a player or permanent, give that player or permanent as many of those counters as that player or permanent already has.
+701.9f To double the amount of a type of mana in a player’s mana pool, that player adds an amount of mana of that type equal to the amount they already have.
+701.10. Exchange
+701.10a A spell or ability may instruct players to exchange something (for example, life totals or control of two permanents) as part of its resolution. When such a spell or ability resolves, if the entire exchange can’t be completed, no part of the exchange occurs.
 Example: If a spell attempts to exchange control of two target creatures but one of those creatures is destroyed before the spell resolves, the spell does nothing to the other creature.
-701.9b When control of two permanents is exchanged, if those permanents are controlled by different players, each of those players simultaneously gains control of the permanent that was controlled by the other player. If, on the other hand, those permanents are controlled by the same player, the exchange effect does nothing.
+701.10b When control of two permanents is exchanged, if those permanents are controlled by different players, each of those players simultaneously gains control of the permanent that was controlled by the other player. If, on the other hand, those permanents are controlled by the same player, the exchange effect does nothing.
-701.9c When life totals are exchanged, each player gains or loses the amount of life necessary to equal the other playerâ€™s previous life total. Replacement effects may modify these gains and losses, and triggered abilities may trigger on them. A player who canâ€™t gain life canâ€™t be given a higher life total this way, and a player who canâ€™t lose life canâ€™t be given a lower life total this way (see rules 118.7â€“8).
+701.10c When life totals are exchanged, each player gains or loses the amount of life necessary to equal the other player’s previous life total. Replacement effects may modify these gains and losses, and triggered abilities may trigger on them. A player who can’t gain life can’t be given a higher life total this way, and a player who can’t lose life can’t be given a lower life total this way (see rules 118.7–8).
-701.9d Some spells or abilities may instruct a player to exchange cards in one zone with cards in a different zone (for example, exiled cards and cards in a playerâ€™s hand). These spells and abilities work the same as other â€œexchangeâ€ spells and abilities, except they can exchange the cards only if all the cards are owned by the same player.
+701.10d Some spells or abilities may instruct a player to exchange cards in one zone with cards in a different zone (for example, exiled cards and cards in a player’s hand). These spells and abilities work the same as other “exchange” spells and abilities, except they can exchange the cards only if all the cards are owned by the same player, and they can exchange the cards even if one zone is empty.
-701.9e If a card in one zone is exchanged with a card in a different zone, and either of them is attached to an object, that card stops being attached to that object and the other card becomes attached to that object.
+701.10e If a card in one zone is exchanged with a card in a different zone, and either of them is attached to an object, that card stops being attached to that object and the other card becomes attached to that object.
-701.9f If a spell or ability instructs a player to simply exchange two zones, and one of the zones is empty, the cards in the zones are still exchanged.
+701.10f If a spell or ability instructs a player to simply exchange two zones, and one of the zones is empty, the cards in the zones are still exchanged.
-701.9g A spell or ability may instruct a player to exchange two numerical values. In such an exchange, each value becomes equal to the previous value of the other. If either of those values is a life total, the affected player gains or loses the amount of life necessary to equal the other value. Replacement effects may modify this gain or loss, and triggered abilities may trigger on it. A player who canâ€™t gain life canâ€™t be given a higher life total this way, and a player who canâ€™t lose life canâ€™t be given a lower life total this way (see rules 118.7â€“8). If either of those values is a power or toughness, a continuous effect is created setting that power or toughness to the other value (see rule 613.3b). This rule does not apply to spells and abilities that switch a creatureâ€™s power and toughness.
+701.10g A spell or ability may instruct a player to exchange two numerical values. In such an exchange, each value becomes equal to the previous value of the other. If either of those values is a life total, the affected player gains or loses the amount of life necessary to equal the other value. Replacement effects may modify this gain or loss, and triggered abilities may trigger on it. A player who can’t gain life can’t be given a higher life total this way, and a player who can’t lose life can’t be given a lower life total this way (see rules 118.7–8). If either of those values is a power or toughness, a continuous effect is created setting that power or toughness to the other value (see rule 613.3b). This rule does not apply to spells and abilities that switch a creature’s power and toughness.
-701.10. Exile
+701.11. Exile
-701.10a To exile an object, move it to the exile zone from wherever it is. See rule 406, â€œExile.â€
+701.11a To exile an object, move it to the exile zone from wherever it is. See rule 406, “Exile.”
-701.11. Fight
+701.12. Fight
-701.11a A spell or ability may instruct a creature to fight another creature or it may instruct two creatures to fight each other. Each of those creatures deals damage equal to its power to the other creature.
+701.12a A spell or ability may instruct a creature to fight another creature or it may instruct two creatures to fight each other. Each of those creatures deals damage equal to its power to the other creature.
-701.11b If a creature instructed to fight is no longer on the battlefield or is no longer a creature, no damage is dealt. If a creature is an illegal target for a resolving spell or ability that instructs it to fight, no damage is dealt.
+701.12b If a creature instructed to fight is no longer on the battlefield or is no longer a creature, no damage is dealt. If a creature is an illegal target for a resolving spell or ability that instructs it to fight, no damage is dealt.
-701.11c If a creature fights itself, it deals damage equal to its power to itself twice.
+701.12c If a creature fights itself, it deals damage to itself equal to twice its power.
-701.11d The damage dealt when a creature fights isnâ€™t combat damage.
+701.12d The damage dealt when a creature fights isn’t combat damage.
-701.12. Play
+701.13. Play
-701.12a To play a land means to put it onto the battlefield from the zone itâ€™s in (usually the hand). A player may play a land if he or she has priority, itâ€™s the main phase of his or her turn, the stack is empty, and he or she hasnâ€™t played a land this turn. Playing a land is a special action (see rule 115), so it doesnâ€™t use the stack; it simply happens. Putting a land onto the battlefield as the result of a spell or ability isnâ€™t the same as playing a land. See rule 305, â€œLands.â€
+701.13a To play a land means to put it onto the battlefield from the zone it’s in (usually the hand). A player may play a land if they have priority, it’s the main phase of their turn, the stack is empty, and they haven’t played a land this turn. Playing a land is a special action (see rule 115), so it doesn’t use the stack; it simply happens. Putting a land onto the battlefield as the result of a spell or ability isn’t the same as playing a land. See rule 305, “Lands.”
-701.12b To play a card means to play that card as a land or to cast that card as a spell, whichever is appropriate.
+701.13b To play a card means to play that card as a land or to cast that card as a spell, whichever is appropriate.
-701.12c Some effects instruct a player to â€œplayâ€ with a certain aspect of the game changed, such as â€œPlay with the top card of your library revealed.â€ â€œPlayâ€ in this sense means to play the Magic game.
+701.13c Some effects instruct a player to “play” with a certain aspect of the game changed, such as “Play with the top card of your library revealed.” “Play” in this sense means to play the Magic game.
-701.12d Previously, the action of casting a spell, or casting a card as a spell, was referred to on cards as â€œplayingâ€ that spell or that card. Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference so they now refer to â€œcastingâ€ that spell or that card.
+701.13d Previously, the action of casting a spell, or casting a card as a spell, was referred to on cards as “playing” that spell or that card. Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference so they now refer to “casting” that spell or that card.
-701.12e Previously, the action of using an activated ability was referred to on cards as â€œplayingâ€ that ability. Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference so they now refer to â€œactivatingâ€ that ability.
+701.13e Previously, the action of using an activated ability was referred to on cards as “playing” that ability. Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference so they now refer to “activating” that ability.
-701.13. Regenerate
+701.14. Regenerate
-701.13a If the effect of a resolving spell or ability regenerates a permanent, it creates a replacement effect that protects the permanent the next time it would be destroyed this turn. In this case, â€œRegenerate [permanent]â€ means â€œThe next time [permanent] would be destroyed this turn, instead remove all damage marked on it and tap it. If itâ€™s an attacking or blocking creature, remove it from combat.â€
+701.14a If the effect of a resolving spell or ability regenerates a permanent, it creates a replacement effect that protects the permanent the next time it would be destroyed this turn. In this case, “Regenerate [permanent]” means “The next time [permanent] would be destroyed this turn, instead remove all damage marked on it and tap it. If it’s an attacking or blocking creature, remove it from combat.”
-701.13b If the effect of a static ability regenerates a permanent, it replaces destruction with an alternate effect each time that permanent would be destroyed. In this case, â€œRegenerate [permanent]â€ means â€œInstead remove all damage marked on [permanent] and tap it. If itâ€™s an attacking or blocking creature, remove it from combat.â€
+701.14b If the effect of a static ability regenerates a permanent, it replaces destruction with an alternate effect each time that permanent would be destroyed. In this case, “Regenerate [permanent]” means “Instead remove all damage marked on [permanent] and tap it. If it’s an attacking or blocking creature, remove it from combat.”
-701.13c Neither activating an ability that creates a regeneration shield nor casting a spell that creates a regeneration shield is the same as regenerating a permanent. Effects that say that a permanent canâ€™t be regenerated donâ€™t preclude such abilities from being activated or such spells from being cast; rather, they cause regeneration shields to not be applied.
+701.14c Neither activating an ability that creates a regeneration shield nor casting a spell that creates a regeneration shield is the same as regenerating a permanent. Effects that say that a permanent can’t be regenerated don’t preclude such abilities from being activated or such spells from being cast; rather, they cause regeneration shields to not be applied.
-701.14. Reveal
+701.15. Reveal
-701.14a To reveal a card, show that card to all players for a brief time. If an effect causes a card to be revealed, it remains revealed for as long as necessary to complete the parts of the effect that card is relevant to. If the cost to cast a spell or activate an ability includes revealing a card, the card remains revealed from the time the spell or ability is announced until the time it leaves the stack.
+701.15a To reveal a card, show that card to all players for a brief time. If an effect causes a card to be revealed, it remains revealed for as long as necessary to complete the parts of the effect that card is relevant to. If the cost to cast a spell or activate an ability includes revealing a card, the card remains revealed from the time the spell or ability is announced until the time it leaves the stack.
-701.14b Revealing a card doesnâ€™t cause it to leave the zone itâ€™s in.
+701.15b Revealing a card doesn’t cause it to leave the zone it’s in.
-701.14c If cards in a playerâ€™s library are shuffled or otherwise reordered, any revealed cards that are reordered stop being revealed and become new objects.
+701.15c If cards in a player’s library are shuffled or otherwise reordered, any revealed cards that are reordered stop being revealed and become new objects.
-701.14d Some effects instruct a player to look at one or more cards. Looking at a card follows the same rules as revealing a card, except that the card is shown only to the specified player.
+701.15d Some effects instruct a player to look at one or more cards. Looking at a card follows the same rules as revealing a card, except that the card is shown only to the specified player.
-701.15. Sacrifice
+701.16. Sacrifice
-701.15a To sacrifice a permanent, its controller moves it from the battlefield directly to its ownerâ€™s graveyard. A player canâ€™t sacrifice something that isnâ€™t a permanent, or something thatâ€™s a permanent he or she doesnâ€™t control. Sacrificing a permanent doesnâ€™t destroy it, so regeneration or other effects that replace destruction canâ€™t affect this action.
+701.16a To sacrifice a permanent, its controller moves it from the battlefield directly to its owner’s graveyard. A player can’t sacrifice something that isn’t a permanent, or something that’s a permanent they don’t control. Sacrificing a permanent doesn’t destroy it, so regeneration or other effects that replace destruction can’t affect this action.
-701.16. Scry
+701.17. Scry
-701.16a To â€œscry Nâ€ means to look at the top N cards of your library, put any number of them on the bottom of your library in any order and the rest on top of your library in any order.
+701.17a To “scry N” means to look at the top N cards of your library, then put any number of them on the bottom of your library in any order and the rest on top of your library in any order.
-701.16b If a player is instructed to scry 0, no scry event occurs. Abilities that trigger whenever a player scries wonâ€™t trigger.
+701.17b If a player is instructed to scry 0, no scry event occurs. Abilities that trigger whenever a player scries won’t trigger.
-701.17. Search
+701.17c If multiple players scry at once, each of those players looks at the top cards of their library at the same time. Those players decide in APNAP order (see rule 101.4) where to put those cards, then those cards move at the same time.
-701.17a To search for a card in a zone, look at all cards in that zone (even if itâ€™s a hidden zone) and find a card that matches the given description.
+701.18. Search
-701.17b If a player is searching a hidden zone for cards with a stated quality, such as a card with a certain card type or color, that player isnâ€™t required to find some or all of those cards even if theyâ€™re present in that zone.
+701.18a To search for a card in a zone, look at all cards in that zone (even if it’s a hidden zone) and find a card that matches the given description.
-Example: Splinter says â€œExile target artifact. Search its controllerâ€™s graveyard, hand, and library for all cards with the same name as that artifact and exile them. That player then shuffles his or her library.â€ A player casts Splinter targeting Howling Mine (an artifact). Howling Mineâ€™s controller has another Howling Mine in her graveyard and two more in her library. Splinterâ€™s controller must find the Howling Mine in the graveyard, but may choose to find zero, one, or two of the Howling Mines in the library.
+701.18b If a player is searching a hidden zone for cards with a stated quality, such as a card with a certain card type or color, that player isn’t required to find some or all of those cards even if they’re present in that zone.
-701.17c If a player is instructed to search a hidden zone for cards that match an undefined quality, that player may still search that zone but canâ€™t find any cards.
+Example: Splinter says “Exile target artifact. Search its controller’s graveyard, hand, and library for all cards with the same name as that artifact and exile them. Then that player shuffles their library.” A player casts Splinter targeting Howling Mine (an artifact). Howling Mine’s controller has another Howling Mine in her graveyard and two more in her library. Splinter’s controller must find the Howling Mine in the graveyard, but may choose to find zero, one, or two of the Howling Mines in the library.
-Example: Lobotomy says â€œTarget player reveals his or her hand, then you choose a card other than a basic land card from it. Search that playerâ€™s graveyard, hand, and library for all cards with the same name as the chosen card and exile them. Then that player shuffles his or her library.â€ If the target player has no cards in his or her hand when Lobotomy resolves, the player who cast Lobotomy searches the specified zones but doesnâ€™t exile any cards.
+701.18c If a player is instructed to search a hidden zone for cards that match an undefined quality, that player may still search that zone but can’t find any cards.
-701.17d If a player is searching a hidden zone simply for a quantity of cards, such as â€œa cardâ€ or â€œthree cards,â€ that player must find that many cards (or as many as possible, if the zone doesnâ€™t contain enough cards).
+Example: Lobotomy says “Target player reveals their hand, then you choose a card other than a basic land card from it. Search that player’s graveyard, hand, and library for all cards with the same name as the chosen card and exile them. Then that player shuffles their library.” If the target player has no cards in their hand when Lobotomy resolves, the player who cast Lobotomy searches the specified zones but doesn’t exile any cards.
-701.17e If the effect that contains the search instruction doesnâ€™t also contain instructions to reveal the found card(s), then theyâ€™re not revealed.
+701.18d If a player is searching a hidden zone simply for a quantity of cards, such as “a card” or “three cards,” that player must find that many cards (or as many as possible, if the zone doesn’t contain enough cards).
-701.17f If searching a zone is replaced with searching a portion of that zone, any other instructions that refer to searching the zone still apply. Any abilities that trigger on a library being searched will trigger.
+701.18e If the effect that contains the search instruction doesn’t also contain instructions to reveal the found card(s), then they’re not revealed.
-Example: Aven Mindcensor says, in part, â€œIf an opponent would search a library, that player searches the top four cards of that library instead.â€ Veteran Explorer says â€œWhen Veteran Explorer dies, each player may search his or her library for up to two basic land cards and put them onto the battlefield. Then each player who searched his or her library this way shuffles it.â€ An opponent who searched the top four cards of his or her library because of Veteran Explorerâ€™s ability would shuffle the entire library.
+701.18f If searching a zone is replaced with searching a portion of that zone, any other instructions that refer to searching the zone still apply. Any abilities that trigger on a library being searched will trigger.
-701.18. Shuffle
+Example: Aven Mindcensor says, in part, “If an opponent would search a library, that player searches the top four cards of that library instead.” Veteran Explorer says “When Veteran Explorer dies, each player may search their library for up to two basic land cards and put them onto the battlefield. Then each player who searched their library this way shuffles it.” An opponent who searched the top four cards of their library because of Veteran Explorer’s ability would shuffle the entire library.
-701.18a To shuffle a library or a face-down pile of cards, randomize the cards within it so that no player knows their order.
+701.18g If an effect offers a player a choice to search a zone and take additional actions with the cards found, that player may choose to search even if the additional actions are illegal or impossible.
-701.18b Some effects cause a player to search a library for a card or cards, shuffle that library, then put the found card or cards in a certain position in that library. Even though the found card or cards never leave that library, they arenâ€™t included in the shuffle. Rather, all the cards in that library except those are shuffled. Abilities that trigger when a library is shuffled will still trigger. See also rule 401, â€œLibrary.â€
+701.18h If multiple players search at once, each of those players looks at the appropriate cards at the same time, then those players decide in APNAP order (see rule 101.4) which card to find.
-701.18c If an effect would cause a player to shuffle one or more specific objects into a library, that library is shuffled even if none of those objects are in the zone theyâ€™re expected to be in or an effect causes all of those objects to be moved to another zone or remain in their current zone.
+701.19. Shuffle
-Example: Guile says, in part, â€œWhen Guile is put into a graveyard from anywhere, shuffle it into its ownerâ€™s library.â€ Itâ€™s put into a graveyard and its ability triggers, then a player exiles it from that graveyard in response. When the ability resolves, the library is shuffled.
-Example: Black Sunâ€™s Zenith says, in part, â€œShuffle Black Sunâ€™s Zenith into its ownerâ€™s library.â€ Black Sunâ€™s Zenith is in a graveyard, has gained flashback (due to Recoup, perhaps), and is cast from that graveyard. Black Sunâ€™s Zenith will be exiled, and its ownerâ€™s library will be shuffled.
+701.19a To shuffle a library or a face-down pile of cards, randomize the cards within it so that no player knows their order.
-701.18d If an effect would cause a player to shuffle a set of objects into a library, that library is shuffled even if there are no objects in that set.
+701.19b Some effects cause a player to search a library for a card or cards, shuffle that library, then put the found card or cards in a certain position in that library. Even though the found card or cards never leave that library, they aren’t included in the shuffle. Rather, all the cards in that library except those are shuffled. Abilities that trigger when a library is shuffled will still trigger. See also rule 401, “Library.”
-Example: Loaming Shaman says â€œWhen Loaming Shaman enters the battlefield, target player shuffles any number of target cards from his or her graveyard into his or her library.â€ It enters the battlefield, its ability triggers, and no cards are targeted. When the ability resolves, the targeted player will still have to shuffle his or her library.
+701.19c If an effect would cause a player to shuffle one or more specific objects into a library, that library is shuffled even if none of those objects are in the zone they’re expected to be in or an effect causes all of those objects to be moved to another zone or remain in their current zone.
-701.18e If an effect causes a player to shuffle a library containing zero or one cards, abilities that trigger when a library is shuffled will still trigger.
+Example: Guile says, in part, “When Guile is put into a graveyard from anywhere, shuffle it into its owner’s library.” It’s put into a graveyard and its ability triggers, then a player exiles it from that graveyard in response. When the ability resolves, the library is shuffled.
+Example: Black Sun’s Zenith says, in part, “Shuffle Black Sun’s Zenith into its owner’s library.” Black Sun’s Zenith is in a graveyard, has gained flashback (due to Recoup, perhaps), and is cast from that graveyard. Black Sun’s Zenith will be exiled, and its owner’s library will be shuffled.
-701.18f If two or more effects cause a library to be shuffled multiple times simultaneously, abilities that trigger when that library is shuffled will trigger that many times.
+701.19d If an effect would cause a player to shuffle a set of objects into a library, that library is shuffled even if there are no objects in that set.
-701.19. Tap and Untap
+Example: Loaming Shaman says “When Loaming Shaman enters the battlefield, target player shuffles any number of target cards from their graveyard into their library.” It enters the battlefield, its ability triggers, and no cards are targeted. When the ability resolves, the targeted player will still have to shuffle their library.
-701.19a To tap a permanent, turn it sideways from an upright position. Only untapped permanents can be tapped.
+701.19e If an effect causes a player to shuffle a library containing zero or one cards, abilities that trigger when a library is shuffled will still trigger.
-701.19b To untap a permanent, rotate it back to the upright position from a sideways position. Only tapped permanents can be untapped.
+701.19f If two or more effects cause a library to be shuffled multiple times simultaneously, abilities that trigger when that library is shuffled will trigger that many times.
-701.20. Fateseal
+701.20. Tap and Untap
-701.20a To â€œfateseal Nâ€ means to look at the top N cards of an opponentâ€™s library, put any number of them on the bottom of that library in any order and the rest on top of that library in any order.
+701.20a To tap a permanent, turn it sideways from an upright position. Only untapped permanents can be tapped.
-701.21. Clash
+701.20b To untap a permanent, rotate it back to the upright position from a sideways position. Only tapped permanents can be untapped.
-701.21a To clash, a player reveals the top card of his or her library. That player may then put that card on the bottom of his or her library.
+701.21. Fateseal
-701.21b â€œClash with an opponentâ€ means â€œChoose an opponent. You and that opponent each clash.â€
+701.21a To “fateseal N” means to look at the top N cards of an opponent’s library, then put any number of them on the bottom of that library in any order and the rest on top of that library in any order.
-701.21c A player wins a clash if that player revealed a card with a higher converted mana cost than all other cards revealed in that clash.
+701.22. Clash
-701.22. Planeswalk
+701.22a To clash, a player reveals the top card of their library. That player may then put that card on the bottom of their library.
-701.22a A player may planeswalk only during a Planechase game. Only the planar controller may planeswalk. See rule 901, â€œPlanechase.â€
+701.22b “Clash with an opponent” means “Choose an opponent. You and that opponent each clash.”
-701.22b To planeswalk is to put each face-up plane card and phenomenon card on the bottom of its ownerâ€™s planar deck face down, then move the top card of your planar deck off that planar deck and turn it face up.
+701.22c Each clashing player reveals the top card of their library at the same time. Then those players decide in APNAP order (see rule 101.4) where to put those cards, then those cards move at the same time.
-701.22c A player may planeswalk as the result of the â€œplaneswalking abilityâ€ (see rule 901.8), because the owner of a face-up plane card or phenomenon card leaves the game (see rule 901.10), or because a phenomenonâ€™s triggered ability leaves the stack (see rule 704.5w). Abilities may also instruct a player to planeswalk.
+701.22d A player wins a clash if that player revealed a card with a higher converted mana cost than all other cards revealed in that clash.
-701.22d The plane card thatâ€™s turned face up is the plane the player planeswalks to. The plane card thatâ€™s turned face down or that leaves the game is the plane the player planeswalks away from. The same is true with respect to phenomena.
+701.23. Planeswalk
-701.23. Set in Motion
+701.23a A player may planeswalk only during a Planechase game. Only the planar controller may planeswalk. See rule 901, “Planechase.”
-701.23a Only a scheme card may be set in motion, and only during an Archenemy game. Only the archenemy may set a scheme card in motion. See rule 312, â€œSchemes,â€ and rule 904, â€œArchenemy.â€
+701.23b To planeswalk is to put each face-up plane card and phenomenon card on the bottom of its owner’s planar deck face down, then move the top card of your planar deck off that planar deck and turn it face up.
-701.23b To set a scheme in motion, move it off the top of your scheme deck if itâ€™s on top of your scheme deck and turn it face up if it isnâ€™t face up. That scheme is considered to have been set in motion even if neither of these actions was performed on it.
+701.23c A player may planeswalk as the result of the “planeswalking ability” (see rule 901.8), because the owner of a face-up plane card or phenomenon card leaves the game (see rule 901.10), or because a phenomenon’s triggered ability leaves the stack (see rule 704.5x). Abilities may also instruct a player to planeswalk.
-701.23c Schemes may only be set in motion one at a time. If a player is instructed to set multiple schemes in motion, that player sets a scheme in motion that many times.
+701.23d The plane card that’s turned face up is the plane the player planeswalks to. The plane card that’s turned face down or that leaves the game is the plane the player planeswalks away from. The same is true with respect to phenomena.
-701.24. Abandon
+701.24. Set in Motion
-701.24a Only a face-up ongoing scheme card may be abandoned, and only during an Archenemy game. See rule 312, â€œSchemes,â€ and rule 904, â€œArchenemy.â€
+701.24a Only a scheme card may be set in motion, and only during an Archenemy game. Only the archenemy may set a scheme card in motion. See rule 312, “Schemes,” and rule 904, “Archenemy.”
-701.24b To abandon a scheme, turn it face down and put it on the bottom of its ownerâ€™s scheme deck.
+701.24b To set a scheme in motion, move it off the top of your scheme deck if it’s on top of your scheme deck and turn it face up if it isn’t face up. That scheme is considered to have been set in motion even if neither of these actions was performed on it.
-701.25. Proliferate
+701.24c Schemes may only be set in motion one at a time. If a player is instructed to set multiple schemes in motion, that player sets a scheme in motion that many times.
-701.25a To proliferate means to choose any number of permanents and/or players that have a counter, then give each exactly one additional counter of a kind that permanent or player already has.
+701.25. Abandon
-701.25b If a permanent or player chosen this way has more than one kind of counter, the player who is proliferating chooses which kind of counter to add.
+701.25a Only a face-up ongoing scheme card may be abandoned, and only during an Archenemy game. See rule 312, “Schemes,” and rule 904, “Archenemy.”
-701.25c In a Two-Headed Giant game, poison counters are shared by the team. If more than one player on a team is chosen this way, only one of those players can be given an additional poison counter. See rule 810, â€œTwo-Headed Giant Variant.â€
+701.25b To abandon a scheme, turn it face down and put it on the bottom of its owner’s scheme deck.
-701.26. Transform
+701.26. Proliferate
-701.26a To transform a permanent, turn it over so that its other face is up. Only permanents represented by double-faced cards can transform. (See rule 711, â€œDouble-Faced Cards.â€)
+701.26a To proliferate means to choose any number of permanents and/or players that have a counter, then give each exactly one additional counter of a kind that permanent or player already has.
-701.26b Although transforming a permanent uses the same physical action as turning a permanent face up or face down, they are different game actions. Abilities that trigger when a permanent is turned face down wonâ€™t trigger when that permanent transforms, and so on.
+701.26b If a permanent or player chosen this way has more than one kind of counter, the player who is proliferating chooses which kind of counter to add.
-701.26c If a spell or ability instructs a player to transform a permanent that isnâ€™t represented by a double-faced card, nothing happens.
+701.26c In a Two-Headed Giant game, poison counters are shared by the team. If more than one player on a team is chosen this way, only one of those players can be given an additional poison counter. See rule 810, “Two-Headed Giant Variant.”
-701.26d If a spell or ability instructs a player to transform a permanent, and the face that permanent would transform into is represented by an instant or sorcery card face, nothing happens.
+701.27. Transform
-701.26e Some triggered abilities trigger when an object â€œtransforms intoâ€ an object with a specified characteristic. Such an ability triggers if the object transforms and has the specified characteristic immediately after it transforms.
+701.27a To transform a permanent, turn it over so that its other face is up. Only permanents represented by double-faced cards can transform. (See rule 711, “Double-Faced Cards.”)
-701.26f If an activated or triggered ability of a permanent that isnâ€™t a delayed triggered ability of that permanent tries to transform it, the permanent transforms only if it hasnâ€™t transformed since the ability was put onto the stack. If a delayed triggered ability of a permanent tries to transform that permanent, the permanent transforms only if it hasnâ€™t transformed since that delayed triggered ability was created. In either case, if the permanent has already transformed, the instruction to transform is ignored.
+701.27b Although transforming a permanent uses the same physical action as turning a permanent face up or face down, they are different game actions. Abilities that trigger when a permanent is turned face down won’t trigger when that permanent transforms, and so on.
-701.27. Detain
+701.27c If a spell or ability instructs a player to transform a permanent that isn’t represented by a double-faced card, nothing happens.
-701.27a Certain spells and abilities can detain a permanent. Until the next turn of the controller of that spell or ability, that permanent canâ€™t attack or block and its activated abilities canâ€™t be activated.
+701.27d If a spell or ability instructs a player to transform a permanent, and the face that permanent would transform into is represented by an instant or sorcery card face, nothing happens.
-701.28. Populate
+701.27e Some triggered abilities trigger when an object “transforms into” an object with a specified characteristic. Such an ability triggers if the object transforms and has the specified characteristic immediately after it transforms.
-701.28a To populate means to choose a creature token you control and create a token thatâ€™s a copy of that creature token.
+701.27f If an activated or triggered ability of a permanent that isn’t a delayed triggered ability of that permanent tries to transform it, the permanent transforms only if it hasn’t transformed since the ability was put onto the stack. If a delayed triggered ability of a permanent tries to transform that permanent, the permanent transforms only if it hasn’t transformed since that delayed triggered ability was created. In either case, if the permanent has already transformed, the instruction to transform is ignored.
-701.28b If you control no creature tokens when instructed to populate, you wonâ€™t create a token.
+701.28. Detain
-701.29. Monstrosity
+701.28a Certain spells and abilities can detain a permanent. Until the next turn of the controller of that spell or ability, that permanent can’t attack or block and its activated abilities can’t be activated.
-701.29a â€œMonstrosity Nâ€ means â€œIf this permanent isnâ€™t monstrous, put N +1/+1 counters on it and it becomes monstrous.â€
+701.29. Populate
-701.29b Monstrous is a designation that has no rules meaning other than to act as a marker that the monstrosity action and other spells and abilities can identify. Only permanents can be or become monstrous. Once a permanent becomes monstrous, it stays monstrous until it leaves the battlefield. Monstrous is neither an ability nor part of the permanentâ€™s copiable values.
+701.29a To populate means to choose a creature token you control and create a token that’s a copy of that creature token.
-701.29c If a permanentâ€™s ability instructs a player to â€œmonstrosity X,â€ other abilities of that permanent may also refer to X. The value of X in those abilities is equal to the value of X as that permanent became monstrous.
+701.29b If you control no creature tokens when instructed to populate, you won’t create a token.
-701.30. Vote
+701.30. Monstrosity
-701.30a Some spells and abilities instruct players to vote for one choice from a list of options to determine some aspect of the effect of that spell or ability. To vote, each player, starting with a specified player and proceeding in turn order, chooses one of those choices.
+701.30a “Monstrosity N” means “If this permanent isn’t monstrous, put N +1/+1 counters on it and it becomes monstrous.”
-701.30b The listed choices may be objects, words with no rules meaning that are each connected to a different effect, or other variables relevant to the resolution of the spell or ability.
+701.30b Monstrous is a designation that has no rules meaning other than to act as a marker that the monstrosity action and other spells and abilities can identify. Only permanents can be or become monstrous. Once a permanent becomes monstrous, it stays monstrous until it leaves the battlefield. Monstrous is neither an ability nor part of the permanent’s copiable values.
-701.30c If the text of a spell or ability refers to â€œvoting,â€ it refers only to an actual vote, not to any spell or ability that involves the players making choices or decisions without using the word â€œvote.â€
+701.30c If a permanent’s ability instructs a player to “monstrosity X,” other abilities of that permanent may also refer to X. The value of X in those abilities is equal to the value of X as that permanent became monstrous.
-701.30d If an effect gives a player multiple votes, those votes all happen at the same time the player would otherwise have voted.
+701.31. Vote
-701.31. Bolster
+701.31a Some spells and abilities instruct players to vote for one choice from a list of options to determine some aspect of the effect of that spell or ability. To vote, each player, starting with a specified player and proceeding in turn order, chooses one of those choices.
-701.31a â€œBolster Nâ€ means â€œChoose a creature you control with the least toughness or tied for least toughness among creatures you control. Put N +1/+1 counters on that creature.â€
+701.31b The listed choices may be objects, words with no rules meaning that are each connected to a different effect, or other variables relevant to the resolution of the spell or ability.
-701.32. Manifest
+701.31c If the text of a spell or ability refers to “voting,” it refers only to an actual vote, not to any spell or ability that involves the players making choices or decisions without using the word “vote.”
-701.32a To manifest a card, turn it face down. It becomes a 2/2 face-down creature card with no text, no name, no subtypes, and no mana cost. Put that card onto the battlefield face down. That permanent is a manifested permanent as long as it remains face down. The effect defining its characteristics works while the card is face down and ends when itâ€™s turned face up.
+701.31d If an effect gives a player multiple votes, those votes all happen at the same time the player would otherwise have voted.
-701.32b Any time you have priority, you may turn a manifested permanent you control face up. This is a special action that doesnâ€™t use the stack (see rule 115.2b). To do this, show all players that the card representing that permanent is a creature card and what that cardâ€™s mana cost is, pay that cost, then turn the permanent face up. The effect defining its characteristics while it was face down ends, and it regains its normal characteristics. (If the card representing that permanent isnâ€™t a creature card or it doesnâ€™t have a mana cost, it canâ€™t be turned face up this way.)
+701.32. Bolster
-701.32c If a card with morph is manifested, its controller may turn that card face up using either the procedure described in rule 702.36e to turn a face-down permanent with morph face up or the procedure described above to turn a manifested permanent face up.
+701.32a “Bolster N” means “Choose a creature you control with the least toughness or tied for least toughness among creatures you control. Put N +1/+1 counters on that creature.”
-701.32d If an effect instructs a player to manifest multiple cards from his or her library, those cards are manifested one at a time.
+701.33. Manifest
-701.32e If a manifested permanent thatâ€™s represented by an instant or sorcery card would turn face up, its controller reveals it and leaves it face down. Abilities that trigger whenever a permanent is turned face up wonâ€™t trigger.
+701.33a To manifest a card, turn it face down. It becomes a 2/2 face-down creature card with no text, no name, no subtypes, and no mana cost. Put that card onto the battlefield face down. That permanent is a manifested permanent as long as it remains face down. The effect defining its characteristics works while the card is face down and ends when it’s turned face up.
-701.32f See rule 707, â€œFace-Down Spells and Permanents,â€ for more information.
+701.33b Any time you have priority, you may turn a manifested permanent you control face up. This is a special action that doesn’t use the stack (see rule 115.2b). To do this, show all players that the card representing that permanent is a creature card and what that card’s mana cost is, pay that cost, then turn the permanent face up. The effect defining its characteristics while it was face down ends, and it regains its normal characteristics. (If the card representing that permanent isn’t a creature card or it doesn’t have a mana cost, it can’t be turned face up this way.)
-701.33. Support
+701.33c If a card with morph is manifested, its controller may turn that card face up using either the procedure described in rule 702.36e to turn a face-down permanent with morph face up or the procedure described above to turn a manifested permanent face up.
-701.33a â€œSupport Nâ€ on a permanent means â€œPut a +1/+1 counter on each of up to N other target creatures.â€ â€œSupport Nâ€ on an instant or sorcery spell means â€œPut a +1/+1 counter on each of up to N target creatures.â€
+701.33d If an effect instructs a player to manifest multiple cards from their library, those cards are manifested one at a time.
-701.34. Investigate
+701.33e If an effect instructs a player to manifest a card and a rule or effect prohibits the face-down object from entering the battlefield, that card isn’t manifested. Its characteristics remain unmodified and it remains in its previous zone. If it was face up, it remains face up.
-701.34a â€œInvestigateâ€ means â€œCreate a colorless Clue artifact token with â€˜{2}, Sacrifice this artifact: Draw a card.â€™â€
+701.33f If a manifested permanent that’s represented by an instant or sorcery card would turn face up, its controller reveals it and leaves it face down. Abilities that trigger whenever a permanent is turned face up won’t trigger.
-701.35. Meld
+701.33g See rule 707, “Face-Down Spells and Permanents,” for more information.
-701.35a Meld is a keyword action that appears in an ability on one card in a meld pair. (See rule 712, â€œMeld Cards.â€) To meld the two cards in a meld pair, put them onto the battlefield with their back faces up and combined. The resulting permanent is a single object represented by two cards.
+701.34. Support
-701.35b Only two cards belonging to the same meld pair can be melded. Tokens, cards that arenâ€™t meld cards, or meld cards that donâ€™t form a meld pair canâ€™t be melded.
+701.34a “Support N” on a permanent means “Put a +1/+1 counter on each of up to N other target creatures.” “Support N” on an instant or sorcery spell means “Put a +1/+1 counter on each of up to N target creatures.”
-701.35c If an effect instructs a player to meld cards that canâ€™t be melded, they stay in their current zone.
+701.35. Investigate
-Example: A player owns and controls Midnight Scavengers and a token thatâ€™s a copy of Graf Rats. At the beginning of combat, both are exiled but canâ€™t be melded. Midnight Scavengers remains exiled and the exiled token ceases to exist.
+701.35a “Investigate” means “Create a colorless Clue artifact token with ‘{2}, Sacrifice this artifact: Draw a card.’”
-701.36. Goad
+701.36. Meld
-701.36a Certain spells and abilities can goad a creature. Until the next turn of the controller of that spell or ability, that creature attacks each combat if able and attacks a player other than that player if able.
+701.36a Meld is a keyword action that appears in an ability on one card in a meld pair. (See rule 712, “Meld Cards.”) To meld the two cards in a meld pair, put them onto the battlefield with their back faces up and combined. The resulting permanent is a single object represented by two cards.
-701.37. Exert
+701.36b Only two cards belonging to the same meld pair can be melded. Tokens, cards that aren’t meld cards, or meld cards that don’t form a meld pair can’t be melded.
-701.37a To exert a permanent, you choose to have it not untap during your next untap step.
+701.36c If an effect instructs a player to meld cards that can’t be melded, they stay in their current zone.
-701.37b A permanent can be exerted even if itâ€™s not tapped or has already been exerted in a turn. If you exert a permanent more than once before your next untap step, each effect causing it not to untap expires during the same untap step.
+Example: A player owns and controls Midnight Scavengers and a token that’s a copy of Graf Rats. At the beginning of combat, both are exiled but can’t be melded. Midnight Scavengers remains exiled and the exiled token ceases to exist.
-701.37c An object that isnâ€™t on the battlefield canâ€™t be exerted.
+701.37. Goad
-701.37d â€œYou may exert [this creature] as it attacksâ€ is an optional cost to attack (see rule 508.1g). Some objects with this static ability have a triggered ability that triggers â€œwhen you doâ€ printed in the same paragraph. These abilities are linked. (See rule 607.2g.)
+701.37a Certain spells and abilities can goad a creature. Until the next turn of the controller of that spell or ability, that creature attacks each combat if able and attacks a player other than that player if able.
-701.38. Explore
+701.38. Exert
-701.38a Certain abilities instruct a permanent to explore. To do so, that permanentâ€™s controller reveals the top card of his or her library. If a land card is revealed this way, that player puts that card into his or her hand. Otherwise, that player puts a +1/+1 counter on the exploring permanent and may put the revealed card into his or her graveyard.
+701.38a To exert a permanent, you choose to have it not untap during your next untap step.
-701.38b A permanent â€œexploresâ€ after the process described in rule 701.38a is complete, even if some or all of those actions were impossible.
+701.38b A permanent can be exerted even if it’s not tapped or has already been exerted in a turn. If you exert a permanent more than once before your next untap step, each effect causing it not to untap expires during the same untap step.
-701.38c If a permanent changes zones before an effect causes it to explore, its last known information is used to determine which object explored and who controlled it.
+701.38c An object that isn’t on the battlefield can’t be exerted.
+701.38d “You may exert [this creature] as it attacks” is an optional cost to attack (see rule 508.1g). Some objects with this static ability have a triggered ability that triggers “when you do” printed in the same paragraph. These abilities are linked. (See rule 607.2g.)
+701.39. Explore
+701.39a Certain abilities instruct a permanent to explore. To do so, that permanent’s controller reveals the top card of their library. If a land card is revealed this way, that player puts that card into their hand. Otherwise, that player puts a +1/+1 counter on the exploring permanent and may put the revealed card into their graveyard.
+701.39b A permanent “explores” after the process described in rule 701.39a is complete, even if some or all of those actions were impossible.
+701.39c If a permanent changes zones before an effect causes it to explore, its last known information is used to determine which object explored and who controlled it.
+701.40. Assemble
+701.40a Assemble is a keyword action in the Unstable set that puts Contraptions onto the battlefield. Outside of silver-bordered cards, only one card (Steamflogger Boss) refers to assembling a Contraption. Cards and mechanics from the Unstable set aren’t included in these rules. See the Unstable FAQ for more information.
+701.41. Surveil
+701.41a To “surveil N” means to look at the top N cards of your library, then put any number of them into your graveyard and the rest on top of your library in any order.
+701.41b If an effect allows you to look at additional cards while you surveil, those cards are included among the cards you may put into your graveyard and on top of your library in any order.
 702. Keyword Abilities
-702.1. Most abilities describe exactly what they do in the cardâ€™s rules text. Some, though, are very common or would require too much space to define on the card. In these cases, the object lists only the name of the ability as a â€œkeywordâ€; sometimes reminder text summarizes the game rule.
+702.1. Most abilities describe exactly what they do in the card’s rules text. Some, though, are very common or would require too much space to define on the card. In these cases, the object lists only the name of the ability as a “keyword”; sometimes reminder text summarizes the game rule.
-702.1a If an effect refers to a â€œ[keyword ability] cost,â€ it refers only to the variable costs for that keyword.
+702.1a If an effect refers to a “[keyword ability] cost,” it refers only to the variable costs for that keyword.
-Example: Varolz, the Scar-Striped has the following ability: â€œEach creature card in your graveyard has scavenge. The scavenge cost is equal to its mana cost.â€ A creature cardâ€™s scavenge cost is an amount of mana equal to its mana cost, and the activation cost of the scavenge ability is that amount of mana plus â€œExile this card from your graveyard.â€
+Example: Varolz, the Scar-Striped has an ability that says “Each creature card in your graveyard has scavenge. The scavenge cost is equal to its mana cost.” A creature card’s scavenge cost is an amount of mana equal to its mana cost, and the activation cost of the scavenge ability is that amount of mana plus “Exile this card from your graveyard.”
 702.1b An effect that grants an object a keyword ability may define a variable in that ability based on characteristics of that object or other information about the game state. For these abilities, the value of that variable is constantly reevaluated.
-Example: Volcano Hellion has the ability â€œVolcano Hellion has echo {X}, where X is your life total.â€ If your life total is 10 when Volcano Hellionâ€™s echo ability triggers but 5 when it resolves, the echo cost to pay is {5}.
+Example: Volcano Hellion has the ability “Volcano Hellion has echo {X}, where X is your life total.” If your life total is 10 when Volcano Hellion’s echo ability triggers but 5 when it resolves, the echo cost to pay is {5}.
-Example: Fire//Ice is a split card whose halves have the associated mana costs {1}{R} and {1}{U}. Past in Flames reads â€œEach instant and sorcery card in your graveyard gains flashback until end of turn. The flashback cost is equal to its mana cost.â€ Fire//Ice has â€œFlashback {2}{U}{R}â€ while it is in your graveyard, but if you choose to cast Fire, the resulting spell has â€œFlashback {1}{R}.â€
+Example: Fire//Ice is a split card whose halves have the mana costs {1}{R} and {1}{U}. Past in Flames reads “Each instant and sorcery card in your graveyard gains flashback until end of turn. The flashback cost is equal to its mana cost.” Fire//Ice has “Flashback {2}{U}{R}” while it is in your graveyard, but if you choose to cast Fire, the resulting spell has “Flashback {1}{R}.”
 702.2. Deathtouch
 702.2a Deathtouch is a static ability.
-702.2b A creature with toughness greater than 0 thatâ€™s been dealt damage by a source with deathtouch since the last time state-based actions were checked is destroyed as a state-based action. See rule 704.
+702.2b A creature with toughness greater than 0 that’s been dealt damage by a source with deathtouch since the last time state-based actions were checked is destroyed as a state-based action. See rule 704.
-702.2c Any nonzero amount of combat damage assigned to a creature by a source with deathtouch is considered to be lethal damage for the purposes of determining if a proposed combat damage assignment is valid, regardless of that creatureâ€™s toughness. See rules 510.1câ€“d.
+702.2c Any nonzero amount of combat damage assigned to a creature by a source with deathtouch is considered to be lethal damage for the purposes of determining if a proposed combat damage assignment is valid, regardless of that creature’s toughness. See rules 510.1c–d.
 702.2d The deathtouch rules function no matter what zone an object with deathtouch deals damage from.
 702.2e If an object changes zones before an effect causes it to deal damage, its last known information is used to determine whether it had deathtouch.
 702.3. Defender
 702.3a Defender is a static ability.
-702.3b A creature with defender canâ€™t attack.
+702.3b A creature with defender can’t attack.
 702.3c Multiple instances of defender on the same creature are redundant.
 702.4. Double Strike
-702.4a Double strike is a static ability that modifies the rules for the combat damage step. (See rule 510, â€œCombat Damage Step.â€)
+702.4a Double strike is a static ability that modifies the rules for the combat damage step. (See rule 510, “Combat Damage Step.”)
 702.4b If at least one attacking or blocking creature has first strike (see rule 702.7) or double strike as the combat damage step begins, the only creatures that assign combat damage in that step are those with first strike or double strike. After that step, instead of proceeding to the end of combat step, the phase gets a second combat damage step. The only creatures that assign combat damage in that step are the remaining attackers and blockers that had neither first strike nor double strike as the first combat damage step began, as well as the remaining attackers and blockers that currently have double strike. After that step, the phase proceeds to the end of combat step.
 702.4c Removing double strike from a creature during the first combat damage step will stop it from assigning combat damage in the second combat damage step.
 702.4e Multiple instances of double strike on the same creature are redundant.
 702.5. Enchant
-702.5a Enchant is a static ability, written â€œEnchant [object or player].â€ The enchant ability restricts what an Aura spell can target and what an Aura can enchant.
+702.5a Enchant is a static ability, written “Enchant [object or player].” The enchant ability restricts what an Aura spell can target and what an Aura can enchant.
-702.5b For more information about Auras, see rule 303, â€œEnchantments.â€
+702.5b For more information about Auras, see rule 303, “Enchantments.”
-702.5c If an Aura has multiple instances of enchant, all of them apply. The Auraâ€™s target must follow the restrictions from all the instances of enchant. The Aura can enchant only objects or players that match all of its enchant abilities.
+702.5c If an Aura has multiple instances of enchant, all of them apply. The Aura’s target must follow the restrictions from all the instances of enchant. The Aura can enchant only objects or players that match all of its enchant abilities.
-702.5d Auras that can enchant a player can target and be attached to players. Such Auras canâ€™t target permanents and canâ€™t be attached to permanents.
+702.5d Auras that can enchant a player can target and be attached to players. Such Auras can’t target permanents and can’t be attached to permanents.
 702.6. Equip
-702.6a Equip is an activated ability of Equipment cards. â€œEquip [cost]â€ means â€œ[Cost]: Attach this permanent to target creature you control. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.â€
+702.6a Equip is an activated ability of Equipment cards. “Equip [cost]” means “[Cost]: Attach this permanent to target creature you control. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.”
-702.6b For more information about Equipment, see rule 301, â€œArtifacts.â€
+702.6b For more information about Equipment, see rule 301, “Artifacts.”
-702.6c If a permanent has multiple instances of equip, any of its equip abilities may be activated.
+702.6c “Equip [quality] creature” is a variant of the equip ability. “Equip [quality] [cost]” means “[Cost]: Attach this permanent to target [quality] creature you control. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.” This ability doesn’t restrict what the Equipment may be attached to.
+702.6d An “equip [quality] creature” ability is an equip ability, and an “equip [quality] creature” cost is an equip cost. Any effect that modifies how or whether a player may activate an equip ability of an object affects “equip [quality] creature” abilities of that object. Any effect that increases or reduces an equip cost will increase or reduce a “equip [quality] creature” cost.
+702.6e If a permanent has multiple equip abilities, any of its equip abilities may be activated.
 702.7. First Strike
-702.7a First strike is a static ability that modifies the rules for the combat damage step. (See rule 510, â€œCombat Damage Step.â€)
+702.7a First strike is a static ability that modifies the rules for the combat damage step. (See rule 510, “Combat Damage Step.”)
 702.7b If at least one attacking or blocking creature has first strike or double strike (see rule 702.4) as the combat damage step begins, the only creatures that assign combat damage in that step are those with first strike or double strike. After that step, instead of proceeding to the end of combat step, the phase gets a second combat damage step. The only creatures that assign combat damage in that step are the remaining attackers and blockers that had neither first strike nor double strike as the first combat damage step began, as well as the remaining attackers and blockers that currently have double strike. After that step, the phase proceeds to the end of combat step.
-702.7c Giving first strike to a creature without it after combat damage has already been dealt in the first combat damage step wonâ€™t preclude that creature from assigning combat damage in the second combat damage step. Removing first strike from a creature after it has already dealt combat damage in the first combat damage step wonâ€™t allow it to also assign combat damage in the second combat damage step (unless the creature has double strike).
+702.7c Giving first strike to a creature without it after combat damage has already been dealt in the first combat damage step won’t preclude that creature from assigning combat damage in the second combat damage step. Removing first strike from a creature after it has already dealt combat damage in the first combat damage step won’t allow it to also assign combat damage in the second combat damage step (unless the creature has double strike).
 702.7d Multiple instances of first strike on the same creature are redundant.
 702.8. Flash
-702.8a Flash is a static ability that functions in any zone from which you could play the card itâ€™s on. â€œFlashâ€ means â€œYou may play this card any time you could cast an instant.â€
+702.8a Flash is a static ability that functions in any zone from which you could play the card it’s on. “Flash” means “You may play this card any time you could cast an instant.”
 702.8b Multiple instances of flash on the same object are redundant.
 702.9. Flying
 702.9a Flying is an evasion ability.
-702.9b A creature with flying canâ€™t be blocked except by creatures with flying and/or reach. A creature with flying can block a creature with or without flying. (See rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step,â€ and rule 702.17, â€œReach.â€)
+702.9b A creature with flying can’t be blocked except by creatures with flying and/or reach. A creature with flying can block a creature with or without flying. (See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step,” and rule 702.17, “Reach.”)
 702.9c Multiple instances of flying on the same creature are redundant.
 702.10. Haste
 702.10a Haste is a static ability.
-702.10b If a creature has haste, it can attack even if it hasnâ€™t been controlled by its controller continuously since his or her most recent turn began. (See rule 302.6.)
+702.10b If a creature has haste, it can attack even if it hasn’t been controlled by its controller continuously since their most recent turn began. (See rule 302.6.)
-702.10c If a creature has haste, its controller can activate its activated abilities whose cost includes the tap symbol or the untap symbol even if that creature hasnâ€™t been controlled by that player continuously since his or her most recent turn began. (See rule 302.6.)
+702.10c If a creature has haste, its controller can activate its activated abilities whose cost includes the tap symbol or the untap symbol even if that creature hasn’t been controlled by that player continuously since their most recent turn began. (See rule 302.6.)
 702.10d Multiple instances of haste on the same creature are redundant.
 702.11. Hexproof
 702.11a Hexproof is a static ability.
-702.11b â€œHexproofâ€ on a permanent means â€œThis permanent canâ€™t be the target of spells or abilities your opponents control.â€
+702.11b “Hexproof” on a permanent means “This permanent can’t be the target of spells or abilities your opponents control.”
-702.11c â€œHexproofâ€ on a player means â€œYou canâ€™t be the target of spells or abilities your opponents control.â€
+702.11c “Hexproof” on a player means “You can’t be the target of spells or abilities your opponents control.”
-702.11d Multiple instances of hexproof on the same permanent or player are redundant.
+702.11d “Hexproof from [quality]” is a variant of the hexproof ability. “Hexproof from [quality]” on a permanent means “This permanent can’t be the target of [quality] spells your opponents control or abilities your opponents control from [quality] sources.” A “hexproof from [quality]” ability is a hexproof ability.
+702.11e Any effect that causes an object to lose hexproof will cause an object to lose all “hexproof from [quality]” abilities. Any effect that allows a player to choose a creature with hexproof as a target as though it didn’t have hexproof will allow a player to choose a creature with a “hexproof from [quality]” ability. Any effect that looks for a card with hexproof will find a card with a “hexproof from [quality]” ability.
+702.11f Multiple instances of the same hexproof ability on the same permanent or player are redundant.
 702.12. Indestructible
 702.12a Indestructible is a static ability.
-702.12b A permanent with indestructible canâ€™t be destroyed. Such permanents arenâ€™t destroyed by lethal damage, and they ignore the state-based action that checks for lethal damage (see rule 704.5g).
+702.12b A permanent with indestructible can’t be destroyed. Such permanents aren’t destroyed by lethal damage, and they ignore the state-based action that checks for lethal damage (see rule 704.5g).
 702.12c Multiple instances of indestructible on the same permanent are redundant.
 702.13. Intimidate
 702.13a Intimidate is an evasion ability.
-702.13b A creature with intimidate canâ€™t be blocked except by artifact creatures and/or creatures that share a color with it. (See rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step.â€)
+702.13b A creature with intimidate can’t be blocked except by artifact creatures and/or creatures that share a color with it. (See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step.”)
 702.13c Multiple instances of intimidate on the same creature are redundant.
 702.14. Landwalk
-702.14a Landwalk is a generic term that appears within an objectâ€™s rules text as â€œ[type]walk,â€ where [type] is usually a subtype, but can be the card type land, any land type, any supertype, or any combination thereof.
+702.14a Landwalk is a generic term that appears within an object’s rules text as “[type]walk,” where [type] is usually a subtype, but can be the card type land, any land type, any supertype, or any combination thereof.
 702.14b Landwalk is an evasion ability.
-702.14c A creature with landwalk canâ€™t be blocked as long as the defending player controls at least one land with the specified subtype (as in â€œislandwalkâ€), with the specified supertype (as in â€œlegendary landwalkâ€), without the specified supertype (as in â€œnonbasic landwalkâ€), or with both the specified supertype and the specified subtype (as in â€œsnow swampwalkâ€). (See rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step.â€)
+702.14c A creature with landwalk can’t be blocked as long as the defending player controls at least one land with the specified subtype (as in “islandwalk”), with the specified supertype (as in “legendary landwalk”), without the specified supertype (as in “nonbasic landwalk”), or with both the specified supertype and the specified subtype (as in “snow swampwalk”). (See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step.”)
-702.14d Landwalk abilities donâ€™t â€œcancelâ€ one another.
+702.14d Landwalk abilities don’t “cancel” one another.
-Example: If a player controls a snow Forest, that player canâ€™t block an attacking creature with snow forestwalk even if he or she also controls a creature with snow forestwalk.
+Example: If a player controls a snow Forest, that player can’t block an attacking creature with snow forestwalk even if they also control a creature with snow forestwalk.
 702.14e Multiple instances of the same kind of landwalk on the same creature are redundant.
 702.15. Lifelink
 702.15a Lifelink is a static ability.
-702.15b Damage dealt by a source with lifelink causes that sourceâ€™s controller, or its owner if it has no controller, to gain that much life (in addition to any other results that damage causes). See rule 119.3.
+702.15b Damage dealt by a source with lifelink causes that source’s controller, or its owner if it has no controller, to gain that much life (in addition to any other results that damage causes). See rule 119.3.
 702.15c If a permanent leaves the battlefield before an effect causes it to deal damage, its last known information is used to determine whether it had lifelink.
 702.15d The lifelink rules function no matter what zone an object with lifelink deals damage from.
 702.15e If multiple sources with lifelink deal damage at the same time, they cause separate life gain events (see rule 118.9).
-Example: A player controls Ajaniâ€™s Pridemate, which reads â€œWhenever you gain life, you may put a +1/+1 counter on Ajaniâ€™s Pridemate,â€ and two creatures with lifelink. The creatures with lifelink deal combat damage simultaneously. Ajaniâ€™s Pridemateâ€™s ability triggers twice.
+Example: A player controls Ajani’s Pridemate, which reads “Whenever you gain life, you may put a +1/+1 counter on Ajani’s Pridemate,” and two creatures with lifelink. The creatures with lifelink deal combat damage simultaneously. Ajani’s Pridemate’s ability triggers twice.
 702.15f Multiple instances of lifelink on the same object are redundant.
 702.16. Protection
-702.16a Protection is a static ability, written â€œProtection from [quality].â€ This quality is usually a color (as in â€œprotection from blackâ€) but can be any characteristic value. If the quality happens to be a card name, it is treated as such only if the protection ability specifies that the quality is a name. If the quality is a card type, subtype, or supertype, the ability applies to sources that are permanents with that card type, subtype, or supertype and to any sources not on the battlefield that are of that card type, subtype, or supertype. This is an exception to rule 109.2.
+702.16a Protection is a static ability, written “Protection from [quality].” This quality is usually a color (as in “protection from black”) but can be any characteristic value or information. If the quality happens to be a card name, it is treated as such only if the protection ability specifies that the quality is a name. If the quality is a card type, subtype, or supertype, the ability applies to sources that are permanents with that card type, subtype, or supertype and to any sources not on the battlefield that are of that card type, subtype, or supertype. This is an exception to rule 109.2.
-702.16b A permanent or player with protection canâ€™t be targeted by spells with the stated quality and canâ€™t be targeted by abilities from a source with the stated quality.
+702.16b A permanent or player with protection can’t be targeted by spells with the stated quality and can’t be targeted by abilities from a source with the stated quality.
-702.16c A permanent or player with protection canâ€™t be enchanted by Auras that have the stated quality. Such Auras attached to the permanent or player with protection will be put into their ownersâ€™ graveyards as a state-based action. (See rule 704, â€œState-Based Actions.â€)
+702.16c A permanent or player with protection can’t be enchanted by Auras that have the stated quality. Such Auras attached to the permanent or player with protection will be put into their owners’ graveyards as a state-based action. (See rule 704, “State-Based Actions.”)
-702.16d A permanent with protection canâ€™t be equipped by Equipment that have the stated quality or fortified by Fortifications that have the stated quality. Such Equipment or Fortifications become unattached from that permanent as a state-based action, but remain on the battlefield. (See rule 704, â€œState-Based Actions.â€)
+702.16d A permanent with protection can’t be equipped by Equipment that have the stated quality or fortified by Fortifications that have the stated quality. Such Equipment or Fortifications become unattached from that permanent as a state-based action, but remain on the battlefield. (See rule 704, “State-Based Actions.”)
 702.16e Any damage that would be dealt by sources that have the stated quality to a permanent or player with protection is prevented.
-702.16f Attacking creatures with protection canâ€™t be blocked by creatures that have the stated quality.
+702.16f Attacking creatures with protection can’t be blocked by creatures that have the stated quality.
-702.16g â€œProtection from [quality A] and from [quality B]â€ is shorthand for â€œprotection from [quality A]â€ and â€œprotection from [quality B]â€; it behaves as two separate protection abilities. If an effect causes an object with such an ability to lose protection from [quality A], for example, that object would still have protection from [quality B].
+702.16g “Protection from [quality A] and from [quality B]” is shorthand for “protection from [quality A]” and “protection from [quality B]”; it behaves as two separate protection abilities. If an effect causes an object with such an ability to lose protection from [quality A], for example, that object would still have protection from [quality B].
-702.16h â€œProtection from all [characteristic]â€ is shorthand for â€œprotection from [quality A],â€ â€œprotection from [quality B],â€ and so on for each possible quality the listed characteristic could have; it behaves as multiple separate protection abilities. If an effect causes an object with such an ability to lose protection from [quality A], for example, that object would still have protection from [quality B], [quality C], and so on.
+702.16h “Protection from all [characteristic]” is shorthand for “protection from [quality A],” “protection from [quality B],” and so on for each possible quality the listed characteristic could have; it behaves as multiple separate protection abilities. If an effect causes an object with such an ability to lose protection from [quality A], for example, that object would still have protection from [quality B], [quality C], and so on.
-702.16i â€œProtection from everythingâ€ is a variant of the protection ability. A permanent with protection from everything has protection from each object regardless of that objectâ€™s characteristic values. Such a permanent canâ€™t be targeted by spells or abilities, enchanted by Auras, equipped by Equipment, fortified by Fortifications, or blocked by creatures, and all damage that would be dealt to it is prevented.
+702.16i “Protection from everything” is a variant of the protection ability. A permanent with protection from everything has protection from each object regardless of that object’s characteristic values. Such a permanent can’t be targeted by spells or abilities, enchanted by Auras, equipped by Equipment, fortified by Fortifications, or blocked by creatures, and all damage that would be dealt to it is prevented.
-702.16j â€œProtection from [a player]â€ is a variant of the protection ability. A permanent with protection from a specific player has protection from each object the player controls and protection from each object the player owns not controlled by another player, regardless of that objectâ€™s characteristic values. Such a permanent canâ€™t be targeted by spells or abilities the player controls, enchanted by Auras the player controls, equipped by Equipment the player controls, fortified by Fortifications the player controls, or blocked by creatures the player controls, and all damage that would be dealt to it by sources controlled by the player or owned by the player but not controlled by another player is prevented.
+702.16j “Protection from [a player]” is a variant of the protection ability. A permanent with protection from a specific player has protection from each object the player controls and protection from each object the player owns not controlled by another player, regardless of that object’s characteristic values. Such a permanent can’t be targeted by spells or abilities the player controls, enchanted by Auras the player controls, equipped by Equipment the player controls, fortified by Fortifications the player controls, or blocked by creatures the player controls, and all damage that would be dealt to it by sources controlled by the player or owned by the player but not controlled by another player is prevented.
 702.16k Multiple instances of protection from the same quality on the same permanent or player are redundant.
-702.16m Some Auras both give the enchanted creature protection and say â€œthis effect doesnâ€™t removeâ€ either that specific Aura or all Auras. This means that the specified Auras can legally enchant that creature and arenâ€™t put into their ownersâ€™ graveyards as a state-based action. If the creature has other instances of protection from the same quality, those instances affect Auras as normal.
+702.16m Some Auras both give the enchanted creature protection and say “this effect doesn’t remove” either that specific Aura or all Auras. This means that the specified Auras can legally enchant that creature and aren’t put into their owners’ graveyards as a state-based action. If the creature has other instances of protection from the same quality, those instances affect Auras as normal.
 702.17. Reach
 702.17a Reach is a static ability.
-702.17b A creature with flying canâ€™t be blocked except by creatures with flying and/or reach. (See rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step,â€ and rule 702.9, â€œFlying.â€)
+702.17b A creature with flying can’t be blocked except by creatures with flying and/or reach. (See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step,” and rule 702.9, “Flying.”)
 702.17c Multiple instances of reach on the same creature are redundant.
 702.18. Shroud
-702.18a Shroud is a static ability. â€œShroudâ€ means â€œThis permanent or player canâ€™t be the target of spells or abilities.â€
+702.18a Shroud is a static ability. “Shroud” means “This permanent or player can’t be the target of spells or abilities.”
 702.18b Multiple instances of shroud on the same permanent or player are redundant.
 702.19. Trample
-702.19a Trample is a static ability that modifies the rules for assigning an attacking creatureâ€™s combat damage. The ability has no effect when a creature with trample is blocking or is dealing noncombat damage. (See rule 510, â€œCombat Damage Step.â€)
+702.19a Trample is a static ability that modifies the rules for assigning an attacking creature’s combat damage. The ability has no effect when a creature with trample is blocking or is dealing noncombat damage. (See rule 510, “Combat Damage Step.”)
-702.19b The controller of an attacking creature with trample first assigns damage to the creature(s) blocking it. Once all those blocking creatures are assigned lethal damage, any remaining damage is assigned as its controller chooses among those blocking creatures and the player or planeswalker the creature is attacking. When checking for assigned lethal damage, take into account damage already marked on the creature and damage from other creatures thatâ€™s being assigned during the same combat damage step, but not any abilities or effects that might change the amount of damage thatâ€™s actually dealt. The attacking creatureâ€™s controller need not assign lethal damage to all those blocking creatures but in that case canâ€™t assign any damage to the player or planeswalker itâ€™s attacking.
+702.19b The controller of an attacking creature with trample first assigns damage to the creature(s) blocking it. Once all those blocking creatures are assigned lethal damage, any remaining damage is assigned as its controller chooses among those blocking creatures and the player or planeswalker the creature is attacking. When checking for assigned lethal damage, take into account damage already marked on the creature and damage from other creatures that’s being assigned during the same combat damage step, but not any abilities or effects that might change the amount of damage that’s actually dealt. The attacking creature’s controller need not assign lethal damage to all those blocking creatures but in that case can’t assign any damage to the player or planeswalker it’s attacking.
 Example: A 2/2 creature that can block an additional creature blocks two attackers: a 1/1 with no abilities and a 3/3 with trample. The active player could assign 1 damage from the first attacker and 1 damage from the second to the blocking creature, and 2 damage to the defending player from the creature with trample.
-Example: A 6/6 green creature with trample is blocked by a 2/2 creature with protection from green. The attacking creatureâ€™s controller must assign at least 2 damage to the blocker, even though that damage will be prevented by the blockerâ€™s protection ability. The attacking creatureâ€™s controller can divide the rest of the damage as he or she chooses between the blocking creature and the defending player.
+Example: A 6/6 green creature with trample is blocked by a 2/2 creature with protection from green. The attacking creature’s controller must assign at least 2 damage to the blocker, even though that damage will be prevented by the blocker’s protection ability. The attacking creature’s controller can divide the rest of the damage as they choose between the blocking creature and the defending player.
-702.19c If an attacking creature with trample is blocked, but there are no creatures blocking it when damage is assigned, all its damage is assigned to the player or planeswalker itâ€™s attacking.
+702.19c If an attacking creature with trample is blocked, but there are no creatures blocking it when damage is assigned, all its damage is assigned to the player or planeswalker it’s attacking.
-702.19d If a creature with trample is attacking a planeswalker, none of its combat damage can be assigned to the defending player, even if that planeswalker has been removed from combat or the damage the attacking creature could assign is greater than the planeswalkerâ€™s loyalty.
+702.19d If a creature with trample is attacking a planeswalker, none of its combat damage can be assigned to the defending player, even if that planeswalker has been removed from combat or the damage the attacking creature could assign is greater than the planeswalker’s loyalty.
 702.19e Multiple instances of trample on the same creature are redundant.
 702.20. Vigilance
 702.20a Vigilance is a static ability that modifies the rules for the declare attackers step.
-702.20b Attacking doesnâ€™t cause creatures with vigilance to tap. (See rule 508, â€œDeclare Attackers Step.â€)
+702.20b Attacking doesn’t cause creatures with vigilance to tap. (See rule 508, “Declare Attackers Step.”)
 702.20c Multiple instances of vigilance on the same creature are redundant.
 702.21. Banding
 702.21a Banding is a static ability that modifies the rules for combat.
-702.21b â€œBands with otherâ€ is a special form of banding. If an effect causes a permanent to lose banding, the permanent loses all â€œbands with otherâ€ abilities as well.
+702.21b “Bands with other” is a special form of banding. If an effect causes a permanent to lose banding, the permanent loses all “bands with other” abilities as well.
-702.21c As a player declares attackers, he or she may declare that one or more attacking creatures with banding and up to one attacking creature without banding (even if it has â€œbands with otherâ€) are all in a â€œband.â€ He or she may also declare that one or more attacking [quality] creatures with â€œbands with other [quality]â€ and any number of other attacking [quality] creatures are all in a band. A player may declare as many attacking bands as he or she wants, but each creature may be a member of only one of them. (Defending players canâ€™t declare bands but may use banding in a different way; see rule 702.21j.)
+702.21c As a player declares attackers, they may declare that one or more attacking creatures with banding and up to one attacking creature without banding (even if it has “bands with other”) are all in a “band.” They may also declare that one or more attacking [quality] creatures with “bands with other [quality]” and any number of other attacking [quality] creatures are all in a band. A player may declare as many attacking bands as they want, but each creature may be a member of only one of them. (Defending players can’t declare bands but may use banding in a different way; see rule 702.21j.)
 702.21d All creatures in an attacking band must attack the same player or planeswalker.
-702.21e Once an attacking band has been announced, it lasts for the rest of combat, even if something later removes banding or â€œbands with otherâ€ from one or more of the creatures in the band.
+702.21e Once an attacking band has been announced, it lasts for the rest of combat, even if something later removes banding or “bands with other” from one or more of the creatures in the band.
-702.21f An attacking creature thatâ€™s removed from combat is also removed from the band it was in.
+702.21f An attacking creature that’s removed from combat is also removed from the band it was in.
-702.21g Banding doesnâ€™t cause attacking creatures to share abilities, nor does it remove any abilities. The attacking creatures in a band are separate permanents.
+702.21g Banding doesn’t cause attacking creatures to share abilities, nor does it remove any abilities. The attacking creatures in a band are separate permanents.
 702.21h If an attacking creature becomes blocked by a creature, each other creature in the same band as the attacking creature becomes blocked by that same blocking creature.
-Example: A player attacks with a band consisting of a creature with flying and a creature with swampwalk. The defending player, who controls a Swamp, can block the flying creature if able. If he or she does, then the creature with swampwalk will also become blocked by the blocking creature(s).
+Example: A player attacks with a band consisting of a creature with flying and a creature with swampwalk. The defending player, who controls a Swamp, can block the flying creature if able. If they do, then the creature with swampwalk will also become blocked by the blocking creature(s).
 702.21i If one member of a band would become blocked due to an effect, the entire band becomes blocked.
-702.21j During the combat damage step, if an attacking creature is being blocked by a creature with banding, or by both a [quality] creature with â€œbands with other [quality]â€ and another [quality] creature, the defending player (rather than the active player) chooses how the attacking creatureâ€™s damage is assigned. That player can divide that creatureâ€™s combat damage as he or she chooses among any number of creatures blocking it. This is an exception to the procedure described in rule 510.1c.
+702.21j During the combat damage step, if an attacking creature is being blocked by a creature with banding, or by both a [quality] creature with “bands with other [quality]” and another [quality] creature, the defending player (rather than the active player) chooses how the attacking creature’s damage is assigned. That player can divide that creature’s combat damage as they choose among any number of creatures blocking it. This is an exception to the procedure described in rule 510.1c.
-702.21k During the combat damage step, if a blocking creature is blocking a creature with banding, or both a [quality] creature with â€œbands with other [quality]â€ and another [quality] creature, the active player (rather than the defending player) chooses how the blocking creatureâ€™s damage is assigned. That player can divide that creatureâ€™s combat damage as he or she chooses among any number of creatures itâ€™s blocking. This is an exception to the procedure described in rule 510.1d.
+702.21k During the combat damage step, if a blocking creature is blocking a creature with banding, or both a [quality] creature with “bands with other [quality]” and another [quality] creature, the active player (rather than the defending player) chooses how the blocking creature’s damage is assigned. That player can divide that creature’s combat damage as they choose among any number of creatures it’s blocking. This is an exception to the procedure described in rule 510.1d.
-702.21m Multiple instances of banding on the same creature are redundant. Multiple instances of â€œbands with otherâ€ of the same kind on the same creature are redundant.
+702.21m Multiple instances of banding on the same creature are redundant. Multiple instances of “bands with other” of the same kind on the same creature are redundant.
 702.22. Rampage
-702.22a Rampage is a triggered ability. â€œRampage Nâ€ means â€œWhenever this creature becomes blocked, it gets +N/+N until end of turn for each creature blocking it beyond the first.â€ (See rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step.â€)
+702.22a Rampage is a triggered ability. “Rampage N” means “Whenever this creature becomes blocked, it gets +N/+N until end of turn for each creature blocking it beyond the first.” (See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step.”)
-702.22b The rampage bonus is calculated only once per combat, when the triggered ability resolves. Adding or removing blockers later in combat wonâ€™t change the bonus.
+702.22b The rampage bonus is calculated only once per combat, when the triggered ability resolves. Adding or removing blockers later in combat won’t change the bonus.
 702.22c If a creature has multiple instances of rampage, each triggers separately.
 702.23. Cumulative Upkeep
-702.23a Cumulative upkeep is a triggered ability that imposes an increasing cost on a permanent. â€œCumulative upkeep [cost]â€ means â€œAt the beginning of your upkeep, if this permanent is on the battlefield, put an age counter on this permanent. Then you may pay [cost] for each age counter on it. If you donâ€™t, sacrifice it.â€ If [cost] has choices associated with it, each choice is made separately for each age counter, then either the entire set of costs is paid, or none of them is paid. Partial payments arenâ€™t allowed.
+702.23a Cumulative upkeep is a triggered ability that imposes an increasing cost on a permanent. “Cumulative upkeep [cost]” means “At the beginning of your upkeep, if this permanent is on the battlefield, put an age counter on this permanent. Then you may pay [cost] for each age counter on it. If you don’t, sacrifice it.” If [cost] has choices associated with it, each choice is made separately for each age counter, then either the entire set of costs is paid, or none of them is paid. Partial payments aren’t allowed.
-Example: A creature has â€œCumulative upkeep {W} or {U}â€ and two age counters on it. When its ability next triggers and resolves, the creatureâ€™s controller puts an age counter on it and then may pay {W}{W}{W}, {W}{W}{U}, {W}{U}{U}, or {U}{U}{U} to keep the creature on the battlefield.
+Example: A creature has “Cumulative upkeep {W} or {U}” and two age counters on it. When its ability next triggers and resolves, the creature’s controller puts an age counter on it and then may pay {W}{W}{W}, {W}{W}{U}, {W}{U}{U}, or {U}{U}{U} to keep the creature on the battlefield.
-Example: A creature has â€œCumulative upkeepâ€”Sacrifice a creatureâ€ and one age counter on it. When its ability next triggers and resolves, its controller canâ€™t choose the same creature to sacrifice twice. Either two different creatures must be sacrificed, or the creature with cumulative upkeep must be sacrificed.
+Example: A creature has “Cumulative upkeep—Sacrifice a creature” and one age counter on it. When its ability next triggers and resolves, its controller can’t choose the same creature to sacrifice twice. Either two different creatures must be sacrificed, or the creature with cumulative upkeep must be sacrificed.
 702.23b If a permanent has multiple instances of cumulative upkeep, each triggers separately. However, the age counters are not connected to any particular ability; each cumulative upkeep ability will count the total number of age counters on the permanent at the time that ability resolves.
-Example: A creature has two instances of â€œCumulative upkeepâ€”Pay 1 life.â€ The creature has no age counters, and both cumulative upkeep abilities trigger. When the first ability resolves, the controller adds a counter and then chooses to pay 1 life. When the second ability resolves, the controller adds another counter and then chooses to pay an additional 2 life.
+Example: A creature has two instances of “Cumulative upkeep—Pay 1 life.” The creature has no age counters, and both cumulative upkeep abilities trigger. When the first ability resolves, the controller adds a counter and then chooses to pay 1 life. When the second ability resolves, the controller adds another counter and then chooses to pay an additional 2 life.
 702.24. Flanking
-702.24a Flanking is a triggered ability that triggers during the declare blockers step. (See rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step.â€) â€œFlankingâ€ means â€œWhenever this creature becomes blocked by a creature without flanking, the blocking creature gets -1/-1 until end of turn.â€
+702.24a Flanking is a triggered ability that triggers during the declare blockers step. (See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step.”) “Flanking” means “Whenever this creature becomes blocked by a creature without flanking, the blocking creature gets -1/-1 until end of turn.”
 702.24b If a creature has multiple instances of flanking, each triggers separately.
 702.25. Phasing
-702.25a Phasing is a static ability that modifies the rules of the untap step. During each playerâ€™s untap step, before the active player untaps his or her permanents, all phased-in permanents with phasing that player controls â€œphase out.â€ Simultaneously, all phased-out permanents that had phased out under that playerâ€™s control â€œphase in.â€
+702.25a Phasing is a static ability that modifies the rules of the untap step. During each player’s untap step, before the active player untaps permanents, all phased-in permanents with phasing that player controls “phase out.” Simultaneously, all phased-out permanents that had phased out under that player’s control “phase in.”
-702.25b If a permanent phases out, its status changes to â€œphased out.â€ Except for rules and effects that specifically mention phased-out permanents, a phased-out permanent is treated as though it does not exist. It canâ€™t affect or be affected by anything else in the game. A permanent that phases out is removed from combat. (See rule 506.4.)
+702.25b If a permanent phases out, its status changes to “phased out.” Except for rules and effects that specifically mention phased-out permanents, a phased-out permanent is treated as though it does not exist. It can’t affect or be affected by anything else in the game. A permanent that phases out is removed from combat. (See rule 506.4.)
-Example: You control three creatures, one of which is phased out. You cast a spell that says â€œDraw a card for each creature you control.â€ You draw two cards.
+Example: You control three creatures, one of which is phased out. You cast a spell that says “Draw a card for each creature you control.” You draw two cards.
-Example: You control a phased-out creature. You cast a spell that says â€œDestroy all creatures.â€ The phased-out creature is not destroyed.
+Example: You control a phased-out creature. You cast a spell that says “Destroy all creatures.” The phased-out creature is not destroyed.
-702.25c If a permanent phases in, its status changes to â€œphased in.â€ The game once again treats it as though it exists.
+702.25c If a permanent phases in, its status changes to “phased in.” The game once again treats it as though it exists.
-702.25d The phasing event doesnâ€™t actually cause a permanent to change zones or control, even though itâ€™s treated as though itâ€™s not on the battlefield and not under its controllerâ€™s control while itâ€™s phased out. Zone-change triggers donâ€™t trigger when a permanent phases in or out. Tokens continue to exist on the battlefield while phased out. Counters remain on a permanent while itâ€™s phased out. Effects that check a phased-in permanentâ€™s history wonâ€™t treat the phasing event as having caused the permanent to leave or enter the battlefield or its controllerâ€™s control.
+702.25d The phasing event doesn’t actually cause a permanent to change zones or control, even though it’s treated as though it’s not on the battlefield and not under its controller’s control while it’s phased out. Zone-change triggers don’t trigger when a permanent phases in or out. Tokens continue to exist on the battlefield while phased out. Counters remain on a permanent while it’s phased out. Effects that check a phased-in permanent’s history won’t treat the phasing event as having caused the permanent to leave or enter the battlefield or its controller’s control.
-702.25e Continuous effects that affect a phased-out permanent may expire while that permanent is phased out. If so, they will no longer affect that permanent once itâ€™s phased in. In particular, effects with â€œfor as long asâ€ durations that track that permanent (see rule 611.2b) end when that permanent phases out because they can no longer see it.
+702.25e Continuous effects that affect a phased-out permanent may expire while that permanent is phased out. If so, they will no longer affect that permanent once it’s phased in. In particular, effects with “for as long as” durations that track that permanent (see rule 611.2b) end when that permanent phases out because they can no longer see it.
-702.25f When a permanent phases out, any Auras, Equipment, or Fortifications attached to that permanent phase out at the same time. This alternate way of phasing out is known as phasing out â€œindirectly.â€ An Aura, Equipment, or Fortification that phased out indirectly wonâ€™t phase in by itself, but instead phases in along with the permanent itâ€™s attached to.
+702.25f When a permanent phases out, any Auras, Equipment, or Fortifications attached to that permanent phase out at the same time. This alternate way of phasing out is known as phasing out “indirectly.” An Aura, Equipment, or Fortification that phased out indirectly won’t phase in by itself, but instead phases in along with the permanent it’s attached to.
 702.25g If an object would simultaneously phase out directly and indirectly, it just phases out indirectly.
 702.25h An Aura, Equipment, or Fortification that phased out directly will phase in attached to the object or player it was attached to when it phased out, if that object is still in the same zone or that player is still in the game. If not, that Aura, Equipment, or Fortification phases in unattached. State-based actions apply as appropriate. (See rules 704.5m and 704.5n.)
-702.25i Abilities that trigger when a permanent becomes attached or unattached from an object or player donâ€™t trigger when that permanent phases in or out.
+702.25i Abilities that trigger when a permanent becomes attached or unattached from an object or player don’t trigger when that permanent phases in or out.
-702.25j Phased-out permanents owned by a player who leaves the game also leave the game. This doesnâ€™t trigger zone-change triggers. See rule 800.4.
+702.25j Phased-out permanents owned by a player who leaves the game also leave the game. This doesn’t trigger zone-change triggers. See rule 800.4.
-702.25k If an effect causes a player to skip his or her untap step, the phasing event simply doesnâ€™t occur that turn.
+702.25k If an effect causes a player to skip their untap step, the phasing event simply doesn’t occur that turn.
-702.25m Multiple instances of phasing on the same permanent are redundant.
+702.25m In a multiplayer game, game rules may cause a phased-out permanent to leave the game or to be exiled once a player leaves the game. (See rules 800.4a and 800.4c.) If a phased-out permanent phased out under the control of a player who has left the game, that permanent phases in during the next untap step after that player’s next turn would have begun.
+702.25n Multiple instances of phasing on the same permanent are redundant.
 702.26. Buyback
-702.26a Buyback appears on some instants and sorceries. It represents two static abilities that function while the spell is on the stack. â€œBuyback [cost]â€ means â€œYou may pay an additional [cost] as you cast this spellâ€ and â€œIf the buyback cost was paid, put this spell into its ownerâ€™s hand instead of into that playerâ€™s graveyard as it resolves.â€ Paying a spellâ€™s buyback cost follows the rules for paying additional costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.26a Buyback appears on some instants and sorceries. It represents two static abilities that function while the spell is on the stack. “Buyback [cost]” means “You may pay an additional [cost] as you cast this spell” and “If the buyback cost was paid, put this spell into its owner’s hand instead of into that player’s graveyard as it resolves.” Paying a spell’s buyback cost follows the rules for paying additional costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
 702.27. Shadow
 702.27a Shadow is an evasion ability.
-702.27b A creature with shadow canâ€™t be blocked by creatures without shadow, and a creature without shadow canâ€™t be blocked by creatures with shadow. (See rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step.â€)
+702.27b A creature with shadow can’t be blocked by creatures without shadow, and a creature without shadow can’t be blocked by creatures with shadow. (See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step.”)
 702.27c Multiple instances of shadow on the same creature are redundant.
 702.28. Cycling
-702.28a Cycling is an activated ability that functions only while the card with cycling is in a playerâ€™s hand. â€œCycling [cost]â€ means â€œ[Cost], Discard this card: Draw a card.â€
+702.28a Cycling is an activated ability that functions only while the card with cycling is in a player’s hand. “Cycling [cost]” means “[Cost], Discard this card: Draw a card.”
-702.28b Although the cycling ability can be activated only if the card is in a playerâ€™s hand, it continues to exist while the object is on the battlefield and in all other zones. Therefore objects with cycling will be affected by effects that depend on objects having one or more activated abilities.
+702.28b Although the cycling ability can be activated only if the card is in a player’s hand, it continues to exist while the object is on the battlefield and in all other zones. Therefore objects with cycling will be affected by effects that depend on objects having one or more activated abilities.
-702.28c Some cards with cycling have abilities that trigger when theyâ€™re cycled. â€œWhen you cycle [this card]â€ means â€œWhen you discard [this card] to pay an activation cost of a cycling ability.â€ These abilities trigger from whatever zone the card winds up in after itâ€™s cycled.
+702.28c Some cards with cycling have abilities that trigger when they’re cycled. “When you cycle [this card]” means “When you discard [this card] to pay an activation cost of a cycling ability.” These abilities trigger from whatever zone the card winds up in after it’s cycled.
-702.28d Some cards have abilities that trigger whenever a player â€œcycles or discardsâ€ a card. These abilities trigger only once when a card is cycled.
+702.28d Some cards have abilities that trigger whenever a player “cycles or discards” a card. These abilities trigger only once when a card is cycled.
-702.28e Typecycling is a variant of the cycling ability. â€œ[Type]cycling [cost]â€ means â€œ[Cost], Discard this card: Search your library for a [type] card, reveal it, and put it into your hand. Then shuffle your library.â€ This type is usually a subtype (as in â€œmountaincyclingâ€) but can be any card type, subtype, supertype, or combination thereof (as in â€œbasic landcyclingâ€).
+702.28e Typecycling is a variant of the cycling ability. “[Type]cycling [cost]” means “[Cost], Discard this card: Search your library for a [type] card, reveal it, and put it into your hand. Then shuffle your library.” This type is usually a subtype (as in “mountaincycling”) but can be any card type, subtype, supertype, or combination thereof (as in “basic landcycling”).
-702.28f Typecycling abilities are cycling abilities, and typecycling costs are cycling costs. Any cards that trigger when a player cycles a card will trigger when a card is discarded to pay an activation cost of a typecycling ability. Any effect that stops players from cycling cards will stop players from activating cardsâ€™ typecycling abilities. Any effect that increases or reduces a cycling cost will increase or reduce a typecycling cost. Any effect that looks for a card with cycling will find a card with typecycling.
+702.28f Typecycling abilities are cycling abilities, and typecycling costs are cycling costs. Any cards that trigger when a player cycles a card will trigger when a card is discarded to pay an activation cost of a typecycling ability. Any effect that stops players from cycling cards will stop players from activating cards’ typecycling abilities. Any effect that increases or reduces a cycling cost will increase or reduce a typecycling cost. Any effect that looks for a card with cycling will find a card with typecycling.
 702.29. Echo
-702.29a Echo is a triggered ability. â€œEcho [cost]â€ means â€œAt the beginning of your upkeep, if this permanent came under your control since the beginning of your last upkeep, sacrifice it unless you pay [cost].â€
+702.29a Echo is a triggered ability. “Echo [cost]” means “At the beginning of your upkeep, if this permanent came under your control since the beginning of your last upkeep, sacrifice it unless you pay [cost].”
 702.29b Urza block cards with the echo ability were printed without an echo cost. These cards have been given errata in the Oracle card reference; each one now has an echo cost equal to its mana cost.
 702.30. Horsemanship
 702.30a Horsemanship is an evasion ability.
-702.30b A creature with horsemanship canâ€™t be blocked by creatures without horsemanship. A creature with horsemanship can block a creature with or without horsemanship. (See rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step.â€)
+702.30b A creature with horsemanship can’t be blocked by creatures without horsemanship. A creature with horsemanship can block a creature with or without horsemanship. (See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step.”)
 702.30c Multiple instances of horsemanship on the same creature are redundant.
 702.31. Fading
-702.31a Fading is a keyword that represents two abilities. â€œFading Nâ€ means â€œThis permanent enters the battlefield with N fade counters on itâ€ and â€œAt the beginning of your upkeep, remove a fade counter from this permanent. If you canâ€™t, sacrifice the permanent.â€
+702.31a Fading is a keyword that represents two abilities. “Fading N” means “This permanent enters the battlefield with N fade counters on it” and “At the beginning of your upkeep, remove a fade counter from this permanent. If you can’t, sacrifice the permanent.”
 702.32. Kicker
-702.32a Kicker is a static ability that functions while the spell with kicker is on the stack. â€œKicker [cost]â€ means â€œYou may pay an additional [cost] as you cast this spell.â€ Paying a spellâ€™s kicker cost(s) follows the rules for paying additional costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.32a Kicker is a static ability that functions while the spell with kicker is on the stack. “Kicker [cost]” means “You may pay an additional [cost] as you cast this spell.” Paying a spell’s kicker cost(s) follows the rules for paying additional costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
-702.32b The phrase â€œKicker [cost 1] and/or [cost 2]â€ means the same thing as â€œKicker [cost 1], kicker [cost 2].â€
+702.32b The phrase “Kicker [cost 1] and/or [cost 2]” means the same thing as “Kicker [cost 1], kicker [cost 2].”
-702.32c Multikicker is a variant of the kicker ability. â€œMultikicker [cost]â€ means â€œYou may pay an additional [cost] any number of times as you cast this spell.â€ A multikicker cost is a kicker cost.
+702.32c Multikicker is a variant of the kicker ability. “Multikicker [cost]” means “You may pay an additional [cost] any number of times as you cast this spell.” A multikicker cost is a kicker cost.
-702.32d If a spellâ€™s controller declares the intention to pay any of that spellâ€™s kicker costs, that spell has been â€œkicked.â€ If a spell has two kicker costs or has multikicker, it may be kicked multiple times. See rule 601.2b.
+702.32d If a spell’s controller declares the intention to pay any of that spell’s kicker costs, that spell has been “kicked.” If a spell has two kicker costs or has multikicker, it may be kicked multiple times. See rule 601.2b.
-702.32e Objects with kicker or multikicker have additional abilities that specify what happens if they are kicked. These abilities are linked to the kicker or multikicker abilities printed on that object: they can refer only to those specific kicker or multikicker abilities. See rule 607, â€œLinked Abilities.â€
+702.32e Objects with kicker or multikicker have additional abilities that specify what happens if they are kicked. These abilities are linked to the kicker or multikicker abilities printed on that object: they can refer only to those specific kicker or multikicker abilities. See rule 607, “Linked Abilities.”
-702.32f Objects with more than one kicker cost have abilities that each correspond to a specific kicker cost. They contain the phrases â€œif it was kicked with its [A] kickerâ€ and â€œif it was kicked with its [B] kicker,â€ where A and B are the first and second kicker costs listed on the card, respectively. Each of those abilities is linked to the appropriate kicker ability.
+702.32f Objects with more than one kicker cost have abilities that each correspond to a specific kicker cost. They contain the phrases “if it was kicked with its [A] kicker” and “if it was kicked with its [B] kicker,” where A and B are the first and second kicker costs listed on the card, respectively. Each of those abilities is linked to the appropriate kicker ability.
-702.32g If part of a spellâ€™s ability has its effect only if that spell was kicked, and that part of the ability includes any targets, the spellâ€™s controller chooses those targets only if that spell was kicked. Otherwise, the spell is cast as if it did not have those targets. See rule 601.2c.
+702.32g If part of a spell’s ability has its effect only if that spell was kicked, and that part of the ability includes any targets, the spell’s controller chooses those targets only if that spell was kicked. Otherwise, the spell is cast as if it did not have those targets. See rule 601.2c.
 702.33. Flashback
-702.33a Flashback appears on some instants and sorceries. It represents two static abilities: one that functions while the card is in a playerâ€™s graveyard and another that functions while the card is on the stack. â€œFlashback [cost]â€ means â€œYou may cast this card from your graveyard by paying [cost] rather than paying its mana costâ€ and â€œIf the flashback cost was paid, exile this card instead of putting it anywhere else any time it would leave the stack.â€ Casting a spell using its flashback ability follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.33a Flashback appears on some instants and sorceries. It represents two static abilities: one that functions while the card is in a player’s graveyard and another that functions while the card is on the stack. “Flashback [cost]” means “You may cast this card from your graveyard by paying [cost] rather than paying its mana cost” and “If the flashback cost was paid, exile this card instead of putting it anywhere else any time it would leave the stack.” Casting a spell using its flashback ability follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
 702.34. Madness
-702.34a Madness is a keyword that represents two abilities. The first is a static ability that functions while the card with madness is in a playerâ€™s hand. The second is a triggered ability that functions when the first ability is applied. â€œMadness [cost]â€ means â€œIf a player would discard this card, that player discards it, but exiles it instead of putting it into his or her graveyardâ€ and â€œWhen this card is exiled this way, its owner may cast it by paying [cost] rather than paying its mana cost. If that player doesnâ€™t, he or she puts this card into his or her graveyard.â€
+702.34a Madness is a keyword that represents two abilities. The first is a static ability that functions while the card with madness is in a player’s hand. The second is a triggered ability that functions when the first ability is applied. “Madness [cost]” means “If a player would discard this card, that player discards it, but exiles it instead of putting it into their graveyard” and “When this card is exiled this way, its owner may cast it by paying [cost] rather than paying its mana cost. If that player doesn’t, they put this card into their graveyard.”
-702.34b Casting a spell using its madness ability follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.34b Casting a spell using its madness ability follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
-702.34c After resolving a madness triggered ability, if the exiled card wasnâ€™t cast and was moved to a public zone, effects referencing the discarded card can find that card. See rule 400.7i.
+702.34c After resolving a madness triggered ability, if the exiled card wasn’t cast and was moved to a public zone, effects referencing the discarded card can find that card. See rule 400.7i.
 702.35. Fear
 702.35a Fear is an evasion ability.
-702.35b A creature with fear canâ€™t be blocked except by artifact creatures and/or black creatures. (See rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step.â€)
+702.35b A creature with fear can’t be blocked except by artifact creatures and/or black creatures. (See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step.”)
 702.35c Multiple instances of fear on the same creature are redundant.
 702.36. Morph
-702.36a Morph is a static ability that functions in any zone from which you could play the card itâ€™s on, and the morph effect works any time the card is face down. â€œMorph [cost]â€ means â€œYou may cast this card as a 2/2 face-down creature with no text, no name, no subtypes, and no mana cost by paying {3} rather than paying its mana cost.â€ (See rule 707, â€œFace-Down Spells and Permanents.â€)
+702.36a Morph is a static ability that functions in any zone from which you could play the card it’s on, and the morph effect works any time the card is face down. “Morph [cost]” means “You may cast this card as a 2/2 face-down creature with no text, no name, no subtypes, and no mana cost by paying {3} rather than paying its mana cost.” (See rule 707, “Face-Down Spells and Permanents.”)
-702.36b Megamorph is a variant of the morph ability. â€œMegamorph [cost]â€ means â€œYou may cast this card as a 2/2 face-down creature with no text, no name, no subtypes, and no mana cost by paying {3} rather than paying its mana costâ€ and â€œAs this permanent is turned face up, put a +1/+1 counter on it if its megamorph cost was paid to turn it face up.â€ A megamorph cost is a morph cost.
+702.36b Megamorph is a variant of the morph ability. “Megamorph [cost]” means “You may cast this card as a 2/2 face-down creature with no text, no name, no subtypes, and no mana cost by paying {3} rather than paying its mana cost” and “As this permanent is turned face up, put a +1/+1 counter on it if its megamorph cost was paid to turn it face up.” A megamorph cost is a morph cost.
-702.36c To cast a card using its morph ability, turn it face down. It becomes a 2/2 face-down creature card with no text, no name, no subtypes, and no mana cost. Any effects or prohibitions that would apply to casting a card with these characteristics (and not the face-up cardâ€™s characteristics) are applied to casting this card. These values are the copiable values of that objectâ€™s characteristics. (See rule 613, â€œInteraction of Continuous Effects,â€ and rule 706, â€œCopying Objects.â€) Put it onto the stack (as a face-down spell with the same characteristics), and pay {3} rather than pay its mana cost. This follows the rules for paying alternative costs. You can use a morph ability to cast a card from any zone from which you could normally play it. When the spell resolves, it enters the battlefield with the same characteristics the spell had. The morph effect applies to the face-down object wherever it is, and it ends when the permanent is turned face up.
+702.36c To cast a card using its morph ability, turn it face down. It becomes a 2/2 face-down creature card with no text, no name, no subtypes, and no mana cost. Any effects or prohibitions that would apply to casting a card with these characteristics (and not the face-up card’s characteristics) are applied to casting this card. These values are the copiable values of that object’s characteristics. (See rule 613, “Interaction of Continuous Effects,” and rule 706, “Copying Objects.”) Put it onto the stack (as a face-down spell with the same characteristics), and pay {3} rather than pay its mana cost. This follows the rules for paying alternative costs. You can use a morph ability to cast a card from any zone from which you could normally play it. When the spell resolves, it enters the battlefield with the same characteristics the spell had. The morph effect applies to the face-down object wherever it is, and it ends when the permanent is turned face up.
-702.36d You canâ€™t normally cast a card face down. A morph ability allows you to do so.
+702.36d You can’t normally cast a card face down. A morph ability allows you to do so.
-702.36e Any time you have priority, you may turn a face-down permanent you control with a morph ability face up. This is a special action; it doesnâ€™t use the stack (see rule 115). To do this, show all players what the permanentâ€™s morph cost would be if it were face up, pay that cost, then turn the permanent face up. (If the permanent wouldnâ€™t have a morph cost if it were face up, it canâ€™t be turned face up this way.) The morph effect on it ends, and it regains its normal characteristics. Any abilities relating to the permanent entering the battlefield donâ€™t trigger when itâ€™s turned face up and donâ€™t have any effect, because the permanent has already entered the battlefield.
+702.36e Any time you have priority, you may turn a face-down permanent you control with a morph ability face up. This is a special action; it doesn’t use the stack (see rule 115). To do this, show all players what the permanent’s morph cost would be if it were face up, pay that cost, then turn the permanent face up. (If the permanent wouldn’t have a morph cost if it were face up, it can’t be turned face up this way.) The morph effect on it ends, and it regains its normal characteristics. Any abilities relating to the permanent entering the battlefield don’t trigger when it’s turned face up and don’t have any effect, because the permanent has already entered the battlefield.
-702.36f If a permanentâ€™s morph cost includes X, other abilities of that permanent may also refer to X. The value of X in those abilities is equal to the value of X chosen as the morph special action was taken.
+702.36f If a permanent’s morph cost includes X, other abilities of that permanent may also refer to X. The value of X in those abilities is equal to the value of X chosen as the morph special action was taken.
-702.36g See rule 707, â€œFace-Down Spells and Permanents,â€ for more information about how to cast cards with a morph ability.
+702.36g See rule 707, “Face-Down Spells and Permanents,” for more information about how to cast cards with a morph ability.
 702.37. Amplify
-702.37a Amplify is a static ability. â€œAmplify Nâ€ means â€œAs this object enters the battlefield, reveal any number of cards from your hand that share a creature type with it. This permanent enters the battlefield with N +1/+1 counters on it for each card revealed this way. You canâ€™t reveal this card or any other cards that are entering the battlefield at the same time as this card.â€
+702.37a Amplify is a static ability. “Amplify N” means “As this object enters the battlefield, reveal any number of cards from your hand that share a creature type with it. This permanent enters the battlefield with N +1/+1 counters on it for each card revealed this way. You can’t reveal this card or any other cards that are entering the battlefield at the same time as this card.”
 702.37b If a creature has multiple instances of amplify, each one works separately.
 702.38. Provoke
-702.38a Provoke is a triggered ability. â€œProvokeâ€ means â€œWhenever this creature attacks, you may choose to have target creature defending player controls block this creature this combat if able. If you do, untap that creature.â€
+702.38a Provoke is a triggered ability. “Provoke” means “Whenever this creature attacks, you may choose to have target creature defending player controls block this creature this combat if able. If you do, untap that creature.”
 702.38b If a creature has multiple instances of provoke, each triggers separately.
 702.39. Storm
-702.39a Storm is a triggered ability that functions on the stack. â€œStormâ€ means â€œWhen you cast this spell, put a copy of it onto the stack for each other spell that was cast before it this turn. If the spell has any targets, you may choose new targets for any of the copies.â€
+702.39a Storm is a triggered ability that functions on the stack. “Storm” means “When you cast this spell, copy it for each other spell that was cast before it this turn. If the spell has any targets, you may choose new targets for any of the copies.”
 702.39b If a spell has multiple instances of storm, each triggers separately.
 702.40. Affinity
-702.40a Affinity is a static ability that functions while the spell with affinity is on the stack. â€œAffinity for [text]â€ means â€œThis spell costs you {1} less to cast for each [text] you control.â€
+702.40a Affinity is a static ability that functions while the spell with affinity is on the stack. “Affinity for [text]” means “This spell costs you {1} less to cast for each [text] you control.”
 702.40b If a spell has multiple instances of affinity, each of them applies.
 702.41. Entwine
-702.41a Entwine is a static ability of modal spells (see rule 700.2) that functions while the spell is on the stack. â€œEntwine [cost]â€ means â€œYou may choose all modes of this spell instead of just one. If you do, you pay an additional [cost].â€ Using the entwine ability follows the rules for choosing modes and paying additional costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.41a Entwine is a static ability of modal spells (see rule 700.2) that functions while the spell is on the stack. “Entwine [cost]” means “You may choose all modes of this spell instead of just one. If you do, you pay an additional [cost].” Using the entwine ability follows the rules for choosing modes and paying additional costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
 702.41b If the entwine cost was paid, follow the text of each of the modes in the order written on the card when the spell resolves.
 702.42. Modular
-702.42a Modular represents both a static ability and a triggered ability. â€œModular Nâ€ means â€œThis permanent enters the battlefield with N +1/+1 counters on itâ€ and â€œWhen this permanent is put into a graveyard from the battlefield, you may put a +1/+1 counter on target artifact creature for each +1/+1 counter on this permanent.â€
+702.42a Modular represents both a static ability and a triggered ability. “Modular N” means “This permanent enters the battlefield with N +1/+1 counters on it” and “When this permanent is put into a graveyard from the battlefield, you may put a +1/+1 counter on target artifact creature for each +1/+1 counter on this permanent.”
 702.42b If a creature has multiple instances of modular, each one works separately.
 702.43. Sunburst
-702.43a Sunburst is a static ability that functions as an object is entering the battlefield from the stack. â€œSunburstâ€ means â€œIf this object is entering the battlefield from the stack as a creature, it enters the battlefield with a +1/+1 counter on it for each color of mana spent to cast it. If this object is entering the battlefield from the stack and isnâ€™t entering the battlefield as a creature, it enters the battlefield with a charge counter on it for each color of mana spent to cast it.â€
+702.43a Sunburst is a static ability that functions as an object is entering the battlefield. “Sunburst” means “If this object is entering the battlefield as a creature, ignoring any type-changing effects that would affect it, it enters the battlefield with a +1/+1 counter on it for each color of mana spent to cast it. Otherwise, it enters the battlefield with a charge counter on it for each color of mana spent to cast it.”
-702.43b Sunburst applies only as the spell is resolving and only if one or more colored mana was spent on its costs. Mana paid for additional or alternative costs applies.
+702.43b Sunburst adds counters only if the object with sunburst is entering the battlefield from the stack as a resolving spell and only if one or more colored mana was spent on its costs, including additional or alternative costs.
-702.43c Sunburst can also be used to set a variable number for another ability. If the keyword is used in this way, it doesnâ€™t matter whether the ability is on a creature spell or on a noncreature spell.
+702.43c Sunburst can also be used to set a variable number for another ability. If the keyword is used in this way, it doesn’t matter whether the ability is on a creature spell or on a noncreature spell.
-Example: The ability â€œModularâ€”Sunburstâ€ means â€œThis permanent enters the battlefield with a +1/+1 counter on it for each color of mana spent to cast itâ€ and â€œWhen this permanent is put into a graveyard from the battlefield, you may put a +1/+1 counter on target artifact creature for each +1/+1 counter on this permanent.â€
+Example: The ability “Modular—Sunburst” means “This permanent enters the battlefield with a +1/+1 counter on it for each color of mana spent to cast it” and “When this permanent is put into a graveyard from the battlefield, you may put a +1/+1 counter on target artifact creature for each +1/+1 counter on this permanent.”
 702.43d If an object has multiple instances of sunburst, each one works separately.
 702.44. Bushido
-702.44a Bushido is a triggered ability. â€œBushido Nâ€ means â€œWhenever this creature blocks or becomes blocked, it gets +N/+N until end of turn.â€ (See rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step.â€)
+702.44a Bushido is a triggered ability. “Bushido N” means “Whenever this creature blocks or becomes blocked, it gets +N/+N until end of turn.” (See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step.”)
 702.44b If a creature has multiple instances of bushido, each triggers separately.
 702.45. Soulshift
-702.45a Soulshift is a triggered ability. â€œSoulshift Nâ€ means â€œWhen this permanent is put into a graveyard from the battlefield, you may return target Spirit card with converted mana cost N or less from your graveyard to your hand.â€
+702.45a Soulshift is a triggered ability. “Soulshift N” means “When this permanent is put into a graveyard from the battlefield, you may return target Spirit card with converted mana cost N or less from your graveyard to your hand.”
 702.45b If a permanent has multiple instances of soulshift, each triggers separately.
 702.46. Splice
-702.46a Splice is a static ability that functions while a card is in your hand. â€œSplice onto [subtype] [cost]â€ means â€œYou may reveal this card from your hand as you cast a [subtype] spell. If you do, copy this cardâ€™s text box onto that spell and pay [cost] as an additional cost to cast that spell.â€ Paying a cardâ€™s splice cost follows the rules for paying additional costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.46a Splice is a static ability that functions while a card is in your hand. “Splice onto [subtype] [cost]” means “You may reveal this card from your hand as you cast a [subtype] spell. If you do, copy this card’s text box onto that spell and pay [cost] as an additional cost to cast that spell.” Paying a card’s splice cost follows the rules for paying additional costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
-Example: Since the card with splice remains in the playerâ€™s hand, it can later be cast normally or spliced onto another spell. It can even be discarded to pay a â€œdiscard a cardâ€ cost of the spell itâ€™s spliced onto.
+Example: Since the card with splice remains in the player’s hand, it can later be cast normally or spliced onto another spell. It can even be discarded to pay a “discard a card” cost of the spell it’s spliced onto.
-702.46b You canâ€™t choose to use a splice ability if you canâ€™t make the required choices (targets, etc.) for that cardâ€™s instructions. You canâ€™t splice any one card onto the same spell more than once. If youâ€™re splicing more than one card onto a spell, reveal them all at once and choose the order in which their instructions will be followed. The instructions on the main spell have to be followed first.
+702.46b You can’t choose to use a splice ability if you can’t make the required choices (targets, etc.) for that card’s instructions. You can’t splice any one card onto the same spell more than once. If you’re splicing more than one card onto a spell, reveal them all at once and choose the order in which their instructions will be followed. The instructions on the main spell have to be followed first.
-702.46c The spell has the characteristics of the main spell, plus the text boxes of each of the spliced cards. The spell doesnâ€™t gain any other characteristics (name, mana cost, color, supertypes, card types, subtypes, etc.) of the spliced cards. Text copied onto the spell that refers to a card by name refers to the spell on the stack, not the card from which the text was copied.
+702.46c The spell has the characteristics of the main spell, plus the text boxes of each of the spliced cards. The spell doesn’t gain any other characteristics (name, mana cost, color, supertypes, card types, subtypes, etc.) of the spliced cards. Text copied onto the spell that refers to a card by name refers to the spell on the stack, not the card from which the text was copied.
-Example: Glacial Ray is a red card with splice onto Arcane that reads, â€œGlacial Ray deals 2 damage to target creature or player.â€ Suppose Glacial Ray is spliced onto Reach Through Mists, a blue spell. The spell is still blue, and Reach Through Mists deals the damage. This means that the ability can target a creature with protection from red and deal 2 damage to that creature.
+Example: Glacial Ray is a red card with splice onto Arcane that reads, “Glacial Ray deals 2 damage to any target.” Suppose Glacial Ray is spliced onto Reach Through Mists, a blue spell. The spell is still blue, and Reach Through Mists deals the damage. This means that the ability can target a creature with protection from red and deal 2 damage to that creature.
-702.46d Choose targets for the added text normally (see rule 601.2c). Note that a spell with one or more targets will be countered if all of its targets are illegal on resolution.
+702.46d Choose targets for the added text normally (see rule 601.2c). Note that a spell with one or more targets won’t resolve if all of its targets are illegal on resolution.
-702.46e The spell loses any splice changes once it leaves the stack (for example, when itâ€™s countered, itâ€™s exiled, or it resolves).
+702.46e The spell loses any splice changes once it leaves the stack for any reason.
 702.47. Offering
-702.47a Offering is a static ability that functions while the spell with offering is on the stack. â€œ[Subtype] offeringâ€ means â€œAs an additional cost to cast this spell, you may sacrifice a [subtype] permanent. If you chose to pay the additional cost, this spellâ€™s total cost is reduced by the sacrificed permanentâ€™s mana cost, and you may cast this spell any time you could cast an instant.â€
+702.47a Offering is a static ability that functions while the spell with offering is on the stack. “[Subtype] offering” means “As an additional cost to cast this spell, you may sacrifice a [subtype] permanent. If you chose to pay the additional cost, this spell’s total cost is reduced by the sacrificed permanent’s mana cost, and you may cast this spell any time you could cast an instant.”
 702.47b You choose which permanent to sacrifice as you make choices for the spell (see rule 601.2b), and you sacrifice that permanent as you pay the total cost (see rule 601.2h).
-702.47c Generic mana in the sacrificed permanentâ€™s mana cost reduces generic mana in the spellâ€™s total cost. Colored and colorless mana in the sacrificed permanentâ€™s mana cost reduces mana of the same type in spellâ€™s total cost, and any excess reduces that much generic mana in spellâ€™s total cost.
+702.47c Generic mana in the sacrificed permanent’s mana cost reduces generic mana in the spell’s total cost. Colored and colorless mana in the sacrificed permanent’s mana cost reduces mana of the same type in spell’s total cost, and any excess reduces that much generic mana in spell’s total cost.
 702.48. Ninjutsu
-702.48a Ninjutsu is an activated ability that functions only while the card with ninjutsu is in a playerâ€™s hand. â€œNinjutsu [cost]â€ means â€œ[Cost], Reveal this card from your hand, Return an unblocked attacking creature you control to its ownerâ€™s hand: Put this card onto the battlefield from your hand tapped and attacking.â€
+702.48a Ninjutsu is an activated ability that functions only while the card with ninjutsu is in a player’s hand. “Ninjutsu [cost]” means “[Cost], Reveal this card from your hand, Return an unblocked attacking creature you control to its owner’s hand: Put this card onto the battlefield from your hand tapped and attacking.”
 702.48b The card with ninjutsu remains revealed from the time the ability is announced until the ability leaves the stack.
-702.48c A ninjutsu ability may be activated only while a creature on the battlefield is unblocked (see rule 509.1h). The creature with ninjutsu is put onto the battlefield unblocked. It will be attacking the same player or planeswalker as the creature that was returned to its ownerâ€™s hand.
+702.48c A ninjutsu ability may be activated only while a creature on the battlefield is unblocked (see rule 509.1h). The creature with ninjutsu is put onto the battlefield unblocked. It will be attacking the same player or planeswalker as the creature that was returned to its owner’s hand.
+702.48d Commander ninjutsu is a variant of the ninjutsu ability that also functions while the card with commander ninjutsu is in the command zone. “Commander ninjutsu [cost]” means “[Cost], Reveal this card from your hand or from the command zone, Return an unblocked attacking creature you control to its owner’s hand: Put this card onto the battlefield tapped and attacking.”
 702.49. Epic
-702.49a Epic represents two spell abilities, one of which creates a delayed triggered ability. â€œEpicâ€ means â€œFor the rest of the game, you canâ€™t cast spells,â€ and â€œAt the beginning of each of your upkeeps for the rest of the game, copy this spell except for its epic ability. If the spell has any targets, you may choose new targets for the copy.â€ See rule 706.10.
+702.49a Epic represents two spell abilities, one of which creates a delayed triggered ability. “Epic” means “For the rest of the game, you can’t cast spells,” and “At the beginning of each of your upkeeps for the rest of the game, copy this spell except for its epic ability. If the spell has any targets, you may choose new targets for the copy.” See rule 706.10.
-702.49b A player canâ€™t cast spells once a spell with epic he or she controls resolves, but effects (such as the epic ability itself) can still put copies of spells onto the stack.
+702.49b A player can’t cast spells once a spell with epic they control resolves, but effects (such as the epic ability itself) can still put copies of spells onto the stack.
 702.50. Convoke
-702.50a Convoke is a static ability that functions while the spell with convoke is on the stack. â€œConvokeâ€ means â€œFor each colored mana in this spellâ€™s total cost, you may tap an untapped creature of that color you control rather than pay that mana. For each generic mana in this spellâ€™s total cost, you may tap an untapped creature you control rather than pay that mana.â€
+702.50a Convoke is a static ability that functions while the spell with convoke is on the stack. “Convoke” means “For each colored mana in this spell’s total cost, you may tap an untapped creature of that color you control rather than pay that mana. For each generic mana in this spell’s total cost, you may tap an untapped creature you control rather than pay that mana.”
-702.50b The convoke ability isnâ€™t an additional or alternative cost and applies only after the total cost of the spell with convoke is determined.
+702.50b The convoke ability isn’t an additional or alternative cost and applies only after the total cost of the spell with convoke is determined.
-Example: Heartless Summoning says, in part, â€œCreature spells you cast cost {2} less to cast.â€ You control Heartless Summoning and cast Siege Wurm, a spell with convoke that costs {5}{G}{G}. The total cost to cast Siege Wurm is {3}{G}{G}. After activating mana abilities, you pay that total cost. You may tap up to two green creatures and up to three creatures of any color to pay that cost, and the remainder is paid with mana.
+Example: Heartless Summoning says, in part, “Creature spells you cast cost {2} less to cast.” You control Heartless Summoning and cast Siege Wurm, a spell with convoke that costs {5}{G}{G}. The total cost to cast Siege Wurm is {3}{G}{G}. After activating mana abilities, you pay that total cost. You may tap up to two green creatures and up to three other creatures to pay that cost, and the remainder is paid with mana.
-702.50c Multiple instances of convoke on the same spell are redundant.
+702.50c A creature tapped to pay for mana in a spell’s total cost this way is said to have “convoked” that spell.
+702.50d Multiple instances of convoke on the same spell are redundant.
 702.51. Dredge
-702.51a Dredge is a static ability that functions only while the card with dredge is in a playerâ€™s graveyard. â€œDredge Nâ€ means â€œAs long as you have at least N cards in your library, if you would draw a card, you may instead put N cards from the top of your library into your graveyard and return this card from your graveyard to your hand.â€
+702.51a Dredge is a static ability that functions only while the card with dredge is in a player’s graveyard. “Dredge N” means “As long as you have at least N cards in your library, if you would draw a card, you may instead put N cards from the top of your library into your graveyard and return this card from your graveyard to your hand.”
-702.51b A player with fewer cards in his or her library than the number required by a dredge ability canâ€™t put any of them into his or her graveyard this way.
+702.51b A player with fewer cards in their library than the number required by a dredge ability can’t put any of them into their graveyard this way.
 702.52. Transmute
-702.52a Transmute is an activated ability that functions only while the card with transmute is in a playerâ€™s hand. â€œTransmute [cost]â€ means â€œ[Cost], Discard this card: Search your library for a card with the same converted mana cost as the discarded card, reveal that card, and put it into your hand. Then shuffle your library. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.â€
+702.52a Transmute is an activated ability that functions only while the card with transmute is in a player’s hand. “Transmute [cost]” means “[Cost], Discard this card: Search your library for a card with the same converted mana cost as the discarded card, reveal that card, and put it into your hand. Then shuffle your library. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.”
-702.52b Although the transmute ability can be activated only if the card is in a playerâ€™s hand, it continues to exist while the object is on the battlefield and in all other zones. Therefore objects with transmute will be affected by effects that depend on objects having one or more activated abilities.
+702.52b Although the transmute ability can be activated only if the card is in a player’s hand, it continues to exist while the object is on the battlefield and in all other zones. Therefore objects with transmute will be affected by effects that depend on objects having one or more activated abilities.
 702.53. Bloodthirst
-702.53a Bloodthirst is a static ability. â€œBloodthirst Nâ€ means â€œIf an opponent was dealt damage this turn, this permanent enters the battlefield with N +1/+1 counters on it.â€
+702.53a Bloodthirst is a static ability. “Bloodthirst N” means “If an opponent was dealt damage this turn, this permanent enters the battlefield with N +1/+1 counters on it.”
-702.53b â€œBloodthirst Xâ€ is a special form of bloodthirst. â€œBloodthirst Xâ€ means â€œThis permanent enters the battlefield with X +1/+1 counters on it, where X is the total damage your opponents have been dealt this turn.â€
+702.53b “Bloodthirst X” is a special form of bloodthirst. “Bloodthirst X” means “This permanent enters the battlefield with X +1/+1 counters on it, where X is the total damage your opponents have been dealt this turn.”
 702.53c If an object has multiple instances of bloodthirst, each applies separately.
 702.54. Haunt
-702.54a Haunt is a triggered ability. â€œHauntâ€ on a permanent means â€œWhen this permanent is put into a graveyard from the battlefield, exile it haunting target creature.â€ â€œHauntâ€ on an instant or sorcery spell means â€œWhen this spell is put into a graveyard during its resolution, exile it haunting target creature.â€
+702.54a Haunt is a triggered ability. “Haunt” on a permanent means “When this permanent is put into a graveyard from the battlefield, exile it haunting target creature.” “Haunt” on an instant or sorcery spell means “When this spell is put into a graveyard during its resolution, exile it haunting target creature.”
-702.54b Cards that are in the exile zone as the result of a haunt ability â€œhauntâ€ the creature targeted by that ability. The phrase â€œcreature it hauntsâ€ refers to the object targeted by the haunt ability, regardless of whether or not that object is still a creature.
+702.54b Cards that are in the exile zone as the result of a haunt ability “haunt” the creature targeted by that ability. The phrase “creature it haunts” refers to the object targeted by the haunt ability, regardless of whether or not that object is still a creature.
 702.54c Triggered abilities of cards with haunt that refer to the haunted creature can trigger in the exile zone.
 702.55. Replicate
-702.55a Replicate is a keyword that represents two abilities. The first is a static ability that functions while the spell with replicate is on the stack. The second is a triggered ability that functions while the spell with replicate is on the stack. â€œReplicate [cost]â€ means â€œAs an additional cost to cast this spell, you may pay [cost] any number of timesâ€ and â€œWhen you cast this spell, if a replicate cost was paid for it, copy it for each time its replicate cost was paid. If the spell has any targets, you may choose new targets for any of the copies.â€ Paying a spellâ€™s replicate cost follows the rules for paying additional costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.55a Replicate is a keyword that represents two abilities. The first is a static ability that functions while the spell with replicate is on the stack. The second is a triggered ability that functions while the spell with replicate is on the stack. “Replicate [cost]” means “As an additional cost to cast this spell, you may pay [cost] any number of times” and “When you cast this spell, if a replicate cost was paid for it, copy it for each time its replicate cost was paid. If the spell has any targets, you may choose new targets for any of the copies.” Paying a spell’s replicate cost follows the rules for paying additional costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
 702.55b If a spell has multiple instances of replicate, each is paid separately and triggers based on the payments made for it, not any other instance of replicate.
 702.56. Forecast
-702.56a A forecast ability is a special kind of activated ability that can be activated only from a playerâ€™s hand. Itâ€™s written â€œForecast â€” [Activated ability].â€
+702.56a A forecast ability is a special kind of activated ability that can be activated only from a player’s hand. It’s written “Forecast — [Activated ability].”
-702.56b A forecast ability may be activated only during the upkeep step of the cardâ€™s owner and only once each turn. The controller of the forecast ability reveals the card with that ability from his or her hand as the ability is activated. That player plays with that card revealed in his or her hand until it leaves the playerâ€™s hand or until a step or phase that isnâ€™t an upkeep step begins, whichever comes first.
+702.56b A forecast ability may be activated only during the upkeep step of the card’s owner and only once each turn. The controller of the forecast ability reveals the card with that ability from their hand as the ability is activated. That player plays with that card revealed in their hand until it leaves the player’s hand or until a step or phase that isn’t an upkeep step begins, whichever comes first.
 702.57. Graft
-702.57a Graft represents both a static ability and a triggered ability. â€œGraft Nâ€ means â€œThis permanent enters the battlefield with N +1/+1 counters on itâ€ and â€œWhenever another creature enters the battlefield, if this permanent has a +1/+1 counter on it, you may move a +1/+1 counter from this permanent onto that creature.â€
+702.57a Graft represents both a static ability and a triggered ability. “Graft N” means “This permanent enters the battlefield with N +1/+1 counters on it” and “Whenever another creature enters the battlefield, if this permanent has a +1/+1 counter on it, you may move a +1/+1 counter from this permanent onto that creature.”
 702.57b If a permanent has multiple instances of graft, each one works separately.
 702.58. Recover
-702.58a Recover is a triggered ability that functions only while the card with recover is in a playerâ€™s graveyard. â€œRecover [cost]â€ means â€œWhen a creature is put into your graveyard from the battlefield, you may pay [cost]. If you do, return this card from your graveyard to your hand. Otherwise, exile this card.â€
+702.58a Recover is a triggered ability that functions only while the card with recover is in a player’s graveyard. “Recover [cost]” means “When a creature is put into your graveyard from the battlefield, you may pay [cost]. If you do, return this card from your graveyard to your hand. Otherwise, exile this card.”
 702.59. Ripple
-702.59a Ripple is a triggered ability that functions only while the card with ripple is on the stack. â€œRipple Nâ€ means â€œWhen you cast this spell, you may reveal the top N cards of your library, or, if there are fewer than N cards in your library, you may reveal all the cards in your library. If you reveal cards from your library this way, you may cast any of those cards with the same name as this spell without paying their mana costs, then put all revealed cards not cast this way on the bottom of your library in any order.â€
+702.59a Ripple is a triggered ability that functions only while the card with ripple is on the stack. “Ripple N” means “When you cast this spell, you may reveal the top N cards of your library, or, if there are fewer than N cards in your library, you may reveal all the cards in your library. If you reveal cards from your library this way, you may cast any of those cards with the same name as this spell without paying their mana costs, then put all revealed cards not cast this way on the bottom of your library in any order.”
 702.59b If a spell has multiple instances of ripple, each triggers separately.
 702.60. Split Second
-702.60a Split second is a static ability that functions only while the spell with split second is on the stack. â€œSplit secondâ€ means â€œAs long as this spell is on the stack, players canâ€™t cast other spells or activate abilities that arenâ€™t mana abilities.â€
+702.60a Split second is a static ability that functions only while the spell with split second is on the stack. “Split second” means “As long as this spell is on the stack, players can’t cast other spells or activate abilities that aren’t mana abilities.”
 702.60b Players may activate mana abilities and take special actions while a spell with split second is on the stack. Triggered abilities trigger and are put on the stack as normal while a spell with split second is on the stack.
 702.60c Multiple instances of split second on the same spell are redundant.
 702.61. Suspend
-702.61a Suspend is a keyword that represents three abilities. The first is a static ability that functions while the card with suspend is in a playerâ€™s hand. The second and third are triggered abilities that function in the exile zone. â€œSuspend Nâ€”[cost]â€ means â€œIf you could begin to cast this card by putting it onto the stack from your hand, you may pay [cost] and exile it with N time counters on it. This action doesnâ€™t use the stack,â€ and â€œAt the beginning of your upkeep, if this card is suspended, remove a time counter from it,â€ and â€œWhen the last time counter is removed from this card, if itâ€™s exiled, play it without paying its mana cost if able. If you canâ€™t, it remains exiled. If you cast a creature spell this way, it gains haste until you lose control of the spell or the permanent it becomes.â€
+702.61a Suspend is a keyword that represents three abilities. The first is a static ability that functions while the card with suspend is in a player’s hand. The second and third are triggered abilities that function in the exile zone. “Suspend N—[cost]” means “If you could begin to cast this card by putting it onto the stack from your hand, you may pay [cost] and exile it with N time counters on it. This action doesn’t use the stack,” and “At the beginning of your upkeep, if this card is suspended, remove a time counter from it,” and “When the last time counter is removed from this card, if it’s exiled, play it without paying its mana cost if able. If you can’t, it remains exiled. If you cast a creature spell this way, it gains haste until you lose control of the spell or the permanent it becomes.”
-702.61b A card is â€œsuspendedâ€ if itâ€™s in the exile zone, has suspend, and has a time counter on it.
+702.61b A card is “suspended” if it’s in the exile zone, has suspend, and has a time counter on it.
 702.61c While determining if you could begin to cast a card with suspend, take into consideration any effects that would prohibit that card from being cast.
-702.61d Casting a spell as an effect of its suspend ability follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.61d Casting a spell as an effect of its suspend ability follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
 702.62. Vanishing
-702.62a Vanishing is a keyword that represents three abilities. â€œVanishing Nâ€ means â€œThis permanent enters the battlefield with N time counters on it,â€ â€œAt the beginning of your upkeep, if this permanent has a time counter on it, remove a time counter from it,â€ and â€œWhen the last time counter is removed from this permanent, sacrifice it.â€
+702.62a Vanishing is a keyword that represents three abilities. “Vanishing N” means “This permanent enters the battlefield with N time counters on it,” “At the beginning of your upkeep, if this permanent has a time counter on it, remove a time counter from it,” and “When the last time counter is removed from this permanent, sacrifice it.”
-702.62b Vanishing without a number means â€œAt the beginning of your upkeep, if this permanent has a time counter on it, remove a time counter from itâ€ and â€œWhen the last time counter is removed from this permanent, sacrifice it.â€
+702.62b Vanishing without a number means “At the beginning of your upkeep, if this permanent has a time counter on it, remove a time counter from it” and “When the last time counter is removed from this permanent, sacrifice it.”
 702.62c If a permanent has multiple instances of vanishing, each works separately.
 702.63. Absorb
-702.63a Absorb is a static ability. â€œAbsorb Nâ€ means â€œIf a source would deal damage to this creature, prevent N of that damage.â€
+702.63a Absorb is a static ability. “Absorb N” means “If a source would deal damage to this creature, prevent N of that damage.”
 702.63b Each absorb ability can prevent only N damage from any one source at any one time. It will apply separately to damage from other sources, or to damage dealt by the same source at a different time.
 702.63c If an object has multiple instances of absorb, each applies separately.
 702.64. Aura Swap
-702.64a Aura swap is an activated ability of some Aura cards. â€œAura swap [cost]â€ means â€œ[Cost]: You may exchange this permanent with an Aura card in your hand.â€
+702.64a Aura swap is an activated ability of some Aura cards. “Aura swap [cost]” means “[Cost]: You may exchange this permanent with an Aura card in your hand.”
-702.64b If either half of the exchange canâ€™t be completed, the ability has no effect.
+702.64b If either half of the exchange can’t be completed, the ability has no effect.
-Example: You activate the aura swap ability of an Aura. The only Aura card in your hand canâ€™t enchant the permanent thatâ€™s enchanted by the Aura with aura swap. The ability has no effect.
+Example: You activate the aura swap ability of an Aura. The only Aura card in your hand can’t enchant the permanent that’s enchanted by the Aura with aura swap. The ability has no effect.
-Example: You activate the aura swap ability of an Aura that you control but you donâ€™t own. The ability has no effect.
+Example: You activate the aura swap ability of an Aura that you control but you don’t own. The ability has no effect.
 702.65. Delve
-702.65a Delve is a static ability that functions while the spell with delve is on the stack. â€œDelveâ€ means â€œFor each generic mana in this spellâ€™s total cost, you may exile a card from your graveyard rather than pay that mana.â€
+702.65a Delve is a static ability that functions while the spell with delve is on the stack. “Delve” means “For each generic mana in this spell’s total cost, you may exile a card from your graveyard rather than pay that mana.”
-702.65b The delve ability isnâ€™t an additional or alternative cost and applies only after the total cost of the spell with delve is determined.
+702.65b The delve ability isn’t an additional or alternative cost and applies only after the total cost of the spell with delve is determined.
 702.65c Multiple instances of delve on the same spell are redundant.
 702.66. Fortify
-702.66a Fortify is an activated ability of Fortification cards. â€œFortify [cost]â€ means â€œ[Cost]: Attach this Fortification to target land you control. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.â€
+702.66a Fortify is an activated ability of Fortification cards. “Fortify [cost]” means “[Cost]: Attach this Fortification to target land you control. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.”
-702.66b For more information about Fortifications, see rule 301, â€œArtifacts.â€
+702.66b For more information about Fortifications, see rule 301, “Artifacts.”
 702.66c If a Fortification has multiple instances of fortify, any of its fortify abilities may be used.
 702.67. Frenzy
-702.67a Frenzy is a triggered ability. â€œFrenzy Nâ€ means â€œWhenever this creature attacks and isnâ€™t blocked, it gets +N/+0 until end of turn.â€
+702.67a Frenzy is a triggered ability. “Frenzy N” means “Whenever this creature attacks and isn’t blocked, it gets +N/+0 until end of turn.”
 702.67b If a creature has multiple instances of frenzy, each triggers separately.
 702.68. Gravestorm
-702.68a Gravestorm is a triggered ability that functions on the stack. â€œGravestormâ€ means â€œWhen you cast this spell, put a copy of it onto the stack for each permanent that was put into a graveyard from the battlefield this turn. If the spell has any targets, you may choose new targets for any of the copies.â€
+702.68a Gravestorm is a triggered ability that functions on the stack. “Gravestorm” means “When you cast this spell, copy it for each permanent that was put into a graveyard from the battlefield this turn. If the spell has any targets, you may choose new targets for any of the copies.”
 702.68b If a spell has multiple instances of gravestorm, each triggers separately.
 702.69. Poisonous
-702.69a Poisonous is a triggered ability. â€œPoisonous Nâ€ means â€œWhenever this creature deals combat damage to a player, that player gets N poison counters.â€ (For information about poison counters, see rule 104.3d.)
+702.69a Poisonous is a triggered ability. “Poisonous N” means “Whenever this creature deals combat damage to a player, that player gets N poison counters.” (For information about poison counters, see rule 104.3d.)
 702.69b If a creature has multiple instances of poisonous, each triggers separately.
 702.70. Transfigure
-702.70a Transfigure is an activated ability. â€œTransfigure [cost]â€ means â€œ[Cost], Sacrifice this permanent: Search your library for a creature card with the same converted mana cost as this permanent and put it onto the battlefield. Then shuffle your library. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.â€
+702.70a Transfigure is an activated ability. “Transfigure [cost]” means “[Cost], Sacrifice this permanent: Search your library for a creature card with the same converted mana cost as this permanent and put it onto the battlefield. Then shuffle your library. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.”
 702.71. Champion
-702.71a Champion represents two triggered abilities. â€œChampion an [object]â€ means â€œWhen this permanent enters the battlefield, sacrifice it unless you exile another [object] you controlâ€ and â€œWhen this permanent leaves the battlefield, return the exiled card to the battlefield under its ownerâ€™s control.â€
+702.71a Champion represents two triggered abilities. “Champion an [object]” means “When this permanent enters the battlefield, sacrifice it unless you exile another [object] you control” and “When this permanent leaves the battlefield, return the exiled card to the battlefield under its owner’s control.”
-702.71b The two abilities represented by champion are linked. See rule 607, â€œLinked Abilities.â€
+702.71b The two abilities represented by champion are linked. See rule 607, “Linked Abilities.”
-702.71c A permanent is â€œchampionedâ€ by another permanent if the latter exiles the former as the direct result of a champion ability.
+702.71c A permanent is “championed” by another permanent if the latter exiles the former as the direct result of a champion ability.
 702.72. Changeling
-702.72a Changeling is a characteristic-defining ability. â€œChangelingâ€ means â€œThis object is every creature type.â€ This ability works everywhere, even outside the game. See rule 604.3.
+702.72a Changeling is a characteristic-defining ability. “Changeling” means “This object is every creature type.” This ability works everywhere, even outside the game. See rule 604.3.
 702.73. Evoke
-702.73a Evoke represents two abilities: a static ability that functions in any zone from which the card with evoke can be cast and a triggered ability that functions on the battlefield. â€œEvoke [cost]â€ means â€œYou may cast this card by paying [cost] rather than paying its mana costâ€ and â€œWhen this permanent enters the battlefield, if its evoke cost was paid, its controller sacrifices it.â€ Paying a cardâ€™s evoke cost follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.73a Evoke represents two abilities: a static ability that functions in any zone from which the card with evoke can be cast and a triggered ability that functions on the battlefield. “Evoke [cost]” means “You may cast this card by paying [cost] rather than paying its mana cost” and “When this permanent enters the battlefield, if its evoke cost was paid, its controller sacrifices it.” Paying a card’s evoke cost follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
 702.74. Hideaway
-702.74a Hideaway represents a static ability and a triggered ability. â€œHideawayâ€ means â€œThis permanent enters the battlefield tappedâ€ and â€œWhen this permanent enters the battlefield, look at the top four cards of your library. Exile one of them face down and put the rest on the bottom of your library in any order. The exiled card gains â€˜Any player who has controlled the permanent that exiled this card may look at this card in the exile zone.â€™â€
+702.74a Hideaway represents a static ability and a triggered ability. “Hideaway” means “This permanent enters the battlefield tapped” and “When this permanent enters the battlefield, look at the top four cards of your library. Exile one of them face down and put the rest on the bottom of your library in any order. The exiled card gains ‘Any player who has controlled the permanent that exiled this card may look at this card in the exile zone.’”
 702.75. Prowl
-702.75a Prowl is a static ability that functions on the stack. â€œProwl [cost]â€ means â€œYou may pay [cost] rather than pay this spellâ€™s mana cost if a player was dealt combat damage this turn by a source that, at the time it dealt that damage, was under your control and had any of this spellâ€™s creature types.â€ Paying a spellâ€™s prowl cost follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.75a Prowl is a static ability that functions on the stack. “Prowl [cost]” means “You may pay [cost] rather than pay this spell’s mana cost if a player was dealt combat damage this turn by a source that, at the time it dealt that damage, was under your control and had any of this spell’s creature types.” Paying a spell’s prowl cost follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
 702.76. Reinforce
-702.76a Reinforce is an activated ability that functions only while the card with reinforce is in a playerâ€™s hand. â€œReinforce Nâ€”[cost]â€ means â€œ[Cost], Discard this card: Put N +1/+1 counters on target creature.â€
+702.76a Reinforce is an activated ability that functions only while the card with reinforce is in a player’s hand. “Reinforce N—[cost]” means “[Cost], Discard this card: Put N +1/+1 counters on target creature.”
-702.76b Although the reinforce ability can be activated only if the card is in a playerâ€™s hand, it continues to exist while the object is on the battlefield and in all other zones. Therefore objects with reinforce will be affected by effects that depend on objects having one or more activated abilities.
+702.76b Although the reinforce ability can be activated only if the card is in a player’s hand, it continues to exist while the object is on the battlefield and in all other zones. Therefore objects with reinforce will be affected by effects that depend on objects having one or more activated abilities.
 702.77. Conspire
-702.77a Conspire is a keyword that represents two abilities. The first is a static ability that functions while the spell with conspire is on the stack. The second is a triggered ability that functions while the spell with conspire is on the stack. â€œConspireâ€ means â€œAs an additional cost to cast this spell, you may tap two untapped creatures you control that each share a color with itâ€ and â€œWhen you cast this spell, if its conspire cost was paid, copy it. If the spell has any targets, you may choose new targets for the copy.â€ Paying a spellâ€™s conspire cost follows the rules for paying additional costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.77a Conspire is a keyword that represents two abilities. The first is a static ability that functions while the spell with conspire is on the stack. The second is a triggered ability that functions while the spell with conspire is on the stack. “Conspire” means “As an additional cost to cast this spell, you may tap two untapped creatures you control that each share a color with it” and “When you cast this spell, if its conspire cost was paid, copy it. If the spell has any targets, you may choose new targets for the copy.” Paying a spell’s conspire cost follows the rules for paying additional costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
 702.77b If a spell has multiple instances of conspire, each is paid separately and triggers based on its own payment, not any other instance of conspire.
 702.78. Persist
-702.78a Persist is a triggered ability. â€œPersistâ€ means â€œWhen this permanent is put into a graveyard from the battlefield, if it had no -1/-1 counters on it, return it to the battlefield under its ownerâ€™s control with a -1/-1 counter on it.â€
+702.78a Persist is a triggered ability. “Persist” means “When this permanent is put into a graveyard from the battlefield, if it had no -1/-1 counters on it, return it to the battlefield under its owner’s control with a -1/-1 counter on it.”
 702.79. Wither
-702.79a Wither is a static ability. Damage dealt to a creature by a source with wither isnâ€™t marked on that creature. Rather, it causes that sourceâ€™s controller to put that many -1/-1 counters on that creature. See rule 119.3.
+702.79a Wither is a static ability. Damage dealt to a creature by a source with wither isn’t marked on that creature. Rather, it causes that source’s controller to put that many -1/-1 counters on that creature. See rule 119.3.
 702.79b If a permanent leaves the battlefield before an effect causes it to deal damage, its last known information is used to determine whether it had wither.
 702.79c The wither rules function no matter what zone an object with wither deals damage from.
 702.79d Multiple instances of wither on the same object are redundant.
 702.80. Retrace
-702.80a Retrace appears on some instants and sorceries. It represents a static ability that functions while the card with retrace is in a playerâ€™s graveyard. â€œRetraceâ€ means â€œYou may cast this card from your graveyard by discarding a land card as an additional cost to cast it.â€ Casting a spell using its retrace ability follows the rules for paying additional costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.80a Retrace appears on some instants and sorceries. It represents a static ability that functions while the card with retrace is in a player’s graveyard. “Retrace” means “You may cast this card from your graveyard by discarding a land card as an additional cost to cast it.” Casting a spell using its retrace ability follows the rules for paying additional costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
 702.81. Devour
-702.81a Devour is a static ability. â€œDevour Nâ€ means â€œAs this object enters the battlefield, you may sacrifice any number of creatures. This permanent enters the battlefield with N +1/+1 counters on it for each creature sacrificed this way.â€
+702.81a Devour is a static ability. “Devour N” means “As this object enters the battlefield, you may sacrifice any number of creatures. This permanent enters the battlefield with N +1/+1 counters on it for each creature sacrificed this way.”
-702.81b Some objects have abilities that refer to the number of creatures the permanent devoured. â€œIt devouredâ€ means â€œsacrificed as a result of its devour ability as it entered the battlefield.â€
+702.81b Some objects have abilities that refer to the number of creatures the permanent devoured. “It devoured” means “sacrificed as a result of its devour ability as it entered the battlefield.”
 702.82. Exalted
-702.82a Exalted is a triggered ability. â€œExaltedâ€ means â€œWhenever a creature you control attacks alone, that creature gets +1/+1 until end of turn.â€
+702.82a Exalted is a triggered ability. “Exalted” means “Whenever a creature you control attacks alone, that creature gets +1/+1 until end of turn.”
-702.82b A creature â€œattacks aloneâ€ if itâ€™s the only creature declared as an attacker in a given combat phase. See rule 506.5.
+702.82b A creature “attacks alone” if it’s the only creature declared as an attacker in a given combat phase. See rule 506.5.
 702.83. Unearth
-702.83a Unearth is an activated ability that functions while the card with unearth is in a graveyard. â€œUnearth [cost]â€ means â€œ[Cost]: Return this card from your graveyard to the battlefield. It gains haste. Exile it at the beginning of the next end step. If it would leave the battlefield, exile it instead of putting it anywhere else. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.â€
+702.83a Unearth is an activated ability that functions while the card with unearth is in a graveyard. “Unearth [cost]” means “[Cost]: Return this card from your graveyard to the battlefield. It gains haste. Exile it at the beginning of the next end step. If it would leave the battlefield, exile it instead of putting it anywhere else. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.”
 702.84. Cascade
-702.84a Cascade is a triggered ability that functions only while the spell with cascade is on the stack. â€œCascadeâ€ means â€œWhen you cast this spell, exile cards from the top of your library until you exile a nonland card whose converted mana cost is less than this spellâ€™s converted mana cost. You may cast that card without paying its mana cost. Then put all cards exiled this way that werenâ€™t cast on the bottom of your library in a random order.â€
+702.84a Cascade is a triggered ability that functions only while the spell with cascade is on the stack. “Cascade” means “When you cast this spell, exile cards from the top of your library until you exile a nonland card whose converted mana cost is less than this spell’s converted mana cost. You may cast that card without paying its mana cost. Then put all cards exiled this way that weren’t cast on the bottom of your library in a random order.”
 702.84b If a spell has multiple instances of cascade, each triggers separately.
 702.85. Annihilator
-702.85a Annihilator is a triggered ability. â€œAnnihilator Nâ€ means â€œWhenever this creature attacks, defending player sacrifices N permanents.â€
+702.85a Annihilator is a triggered ability. “Annihilator N” means “Whenever this creature attacks, defending player sacrifices N permanents.”
 702.85b If a creature has multiple instances of annihilator, each triggers separately.
 702.86. Level Up
-702.86a Level up is an activated ability. â€œLevel up [cost]â€ means â€œ[Cost]: Put a level counter on this permanent. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.â€
+702.86a Level up is an activated ability. “Level up [cost]” means “[Cost]: Put a level counter on this permanent. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.”
-702.86b Each card printed with a level up ability is known as a leveler card. It has a nonstandard layout and includes two level symbols that are themselves keyword abilities. See rule 710, â€œLeveler Cards.â€
+702.86b Each card printed with a level up ability is known as a leveler card. It has a nonstandard layout and includes two level symbols that are themselves keyword abilities. See rule 710, “Leveler Cards.”
 702.87. Rebound
-702.87a Rebound appears on some instants and sorceries. It represents a static ability that functions while the spell is on the stack and may create a delayed triggered ability. â€œReboundâ€ means â€œIf this spell was cast from your hand, instead of putting it into your graveyard as it resolves, exile it and, at the beginning of your next upkeep, you may cast this card from exile without paying its mana cost.â€
+702.87a Rebound appears on some instants and sorceries. It represents a static ability that functions while the spell is on the stack and may create a delayed triggered ability. “Rebound” means “If this spell was cast from your hand, instead of putting it into your graveyard as it resolves, exile it and, at the beginning of your next upkeep, you may cast this card from exile without paying its mana cost.”
-702.87b Casting a card without paying its mana cost as the result of a rebound ability follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.87b Casting a card without paying its mana cost as the result of a rebound ability follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
 702.87c Multiple instances of rebound on the same spell are redundant.
 702.88. Totem Armor
-702.88a Totem armor is a static ability that appears on some Auras. â€œTotem armorâ€ means â€œIf enchanted permanent would be destroyed, instead remove all damage marked on it and destroy this Aura.â€
+702.88a Totem armor is a static ability that appears on some Auras. “Totem armor” means “If enchanted permanent would be destroyed, instead remove all damage marked on it and destroy this Aura.”
 702.89. Infect
 702.89a Infect is a static ability.
-702.89b Damage dealt to a player by a source with infect doesnâ€™t cause that player to lose life. Rather, it causes that sourceâ€™s controller to give the player that many poison counters. See rule 119.3.
+702.89b Damage dealt to a player by a source with infect doesn’t cause that player to lose life. Rather, it causes that source’s controller to give the player that many poison counters. See rule 119.3.
-702.89c Damage dealt to a creature by a source with infect isnâ€™t marked on that creature. Rather, it causes that sourceâ€™s controller to put that many -1/-1 counters on that creature. See rule 119.3.
+702.89c Damage dealt to a creature by a source with infect isn’t marked on that creature. Rather, it causes that source’s controller to put that many -1/-1 counters on that creature. See rule 119.3.
 702.89d If a permanent leaves the battlefield before an effect causes it to deal damage, its last known information is used to determine whether it had infect.
 702.89e The infect rules function no matter what zone an object with infect deals damage from.
 702.89f Multiple instances of infect on the same object are redundant.
 702.90. Battle Cry
-702.90a Battle cry is a triggered ability. â€œBattle cryâ€ means â€œWhenever this creature attacks, each other attacking creature gets +1/+0 until end of turn.â€
+702.90a Battle cry is a triggered ability. “Battle cry” means “Whenever this creature attacks, each other attacking creature gets +1/+0 until end of turn.”
 702.90b If a creature has multiple instances of battle cry, each triggers separately.
 702.91. Living Weapon
-702.91a Living weapon is a triggered ability. â€œLiving weaponâ€ means â€œWhen this Equipment enters the battlefield, create a 0/0 black Germ creature token, then attach this Equipment to it.â€
+702.91a Living weapon is a triggered ability. “Living weapon” means “When this Equipment enters the battlefield, create a 0/0 black Germ creature token, then attach this Equipment to it.”
 702.92. Undying
-702.92a Undying is a triggered ability. â€œUndyingâ€ means â€œWhen this permanent is put into a graveyard from the battlefield, if it had no +1/+1 counters on it, return it to the battlefield under its ownerâ€™s control with a +1/+1 counter on it.â€
+702.92a Undying is a triggered ability. “Undying” means “When this permanent is put into a graveyard from the battlefield, if it had no +1/+1 counters on it, return it to the battlefield under its owner’s control with a +1/+1 counter on it.”
 702.93. Miracle
-702.93a Miracle is a static ability linked to a triggered ability (see rule 603.11). â€œMiracle [cost]â€ means â€œYou may reveal this card from your hand as you draw it if itâ€™s the first card youâ€™ve drawn this turn. When you reveal this card this way, you may cast it by paying [cost] rather than its mana cost.â€
+702.93a Miracle is a static ability linked to a triggered ability (see rule 603.11). “Miracle [cost]” means “You may reveal this card from your hand as you draw it if it’s the first card you’ve drawn this turn. When you reveal this card this way, you may cast it by paying [cost] rather than its mana cost.”
-702.93b If a player chooses to reveal a card using its miracle ability, he or she plays with that card revealed until that card leaves his or her hand, that ability resolves, or that ability otherwise leaves the stack.
+702.93b If a player chooses to reveal a card using its miracle ability, they play with that card revealed until that card leaves their hand, that ability resolves, or that ability otherwise leaves the stack.
 702.94. Soulbond
-702.94a Soulbond is a keyword that represents two triggered abilities. â€œSoulbondâ€ means â€œWhen this creature enters the battlefield, if you control both this creature and another creature and both are unpaired, you may pair this creature with another unpaired creature you control for as long as both remain creatures on the battlefield under your controlâ€ and â€œWhenever another creature enters the battlefield under your control, if you control both that creature and this one and both are unpaired, you may pair that creature with this creature for as long as both remain creatures on the battlefield under your control.â€
+702.94a Soulbond is a keyword that represents two triggered abilities. “Soulbond” means “When this creature enters the battlefield, if you control both this creature and another creature and both are unpaired, you may pair this creature with another unpaired creature you control for as long as both remain creatures on the battlefield under your control” and “Whenever another creature enters the battlefield under your control, if you control both that creature and this one and both are unpaired, you may pair that creature with this creature for as long as both remain creatures on the battlefield under your control.”
-702.94b A creature becomes â€œpairedâ€ with another as the result of a soulbond ability. Abilities may refer to a paired creature, the creature another creature is paired with, or whether a creature is paired. An â€œunpairedâ€ creature is one that is not paired.
+702.94b A creature becomes “paired” with another as the result of a soulbond ability. Abilities may refer to a paired creature, the creature another creature is paired with, or whether a creature is paired. An “unpaired” creature is one that is not paired.
 702.94c When the soulbond ability resolves, if either object that would be paired is no longer a creature, no longer on the battlefield, or no longer under the control of the player who controls the soulbond ability, neither object becomes paired.
 702.94d A creature can be paired with only one other creature.
-702.94e A paired creature becomes unpaired if any of the following occur: another player gains control of it or the creature itâ€™s paired with; it or the creature itâ€™s paired with stops being a creature; or it or the creature itâ€™s paired with leaves the battlefield.
+702.94e A paired creature becomes unpaired if any of the following occur: another player gains control of it or the creature it’s paired with; it or the creature it’s paired with stops being a creature; or it or the creature it’s paired with leaves the battlefield.
 702.95. Overload
-702.95a Overload is a keyword that represents two static abilities that function while the spell with overload is on the stack. Overload [cost] means â€œYou may choose to pay [cost] rather than pay this spellâ€™s mana costâ€ and â€œIf you chose to pay this spellâ€™s overload cost, change its text by replacing all instances of the word â€˜targetâ€™ with the word â€˜each.â€™â€ Using the overload ability follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.95a Overload is a keyword that represents two static abilities that function while the spell with overload is on the stack. Overload [cost] means “You may choose to pay [cost] rather than pay this spell’s mana cost” and “If you chose to pay this spell’s overload cost, change its text by replacing all instances of the word ‘target’ with the word ‘each.’” Using the overload ability follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
-702.95b If a player chooses to pay the overload cost of a spell, that spell wonâ€™t require any targets. It may affect objects that couldnâ€™t be chosen as legal targets if the spell were cast without its overload cost being paid.
+702.95b If a player chooses to pay the overload cost of a spell, that spell won’t require any targets. It may affect objects that couldn’t be chosen as legal targets if the spell were cast without its overload cost being paid.
-702.95c Overloadâ€™s second ability creates a text-changing effect. See rule 612, â€œText-Changing Effects.â€
+702.95c Overload’s second ability creates a text-changing effect. See rule 612, “Text-Changing Effects.”
 702.96. Scavenge
-702.96a Scavenge is an activated ability that functions only while the card with scavenge is in a graveyard. â€œScavenge [cost]â€ means â€œ[Cost], Exile this card from your graveyard: Put a number of +1/+1 counters equal to the power of the card you exiled on target creature. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.â€
+702.96a Scavenge is an activated ability that functions only while the card with scavenge is in a graveyard. “Scavenge [cost]” means “[Cost], Exile this card from your graveyard: Put a number of +1/+1 counters equal to the power of the card you exiled on target creature. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.”
 702.97. Unleash
-702.97a Unleash is a keyword that represents two static abilities. â€œUnleashâ€ means â€œYou may have this permanent enter the battlefield with an additional +1/+1 counter on itâ€ and â€œThis permanent canâ€™t block as long as it has a +1/+1 counter on it.â€
+702.97a Unleash is a keyword that represents two static abilities. “Unleash” means “You may have this permanent enter the battlefield with an additional +1/+1 counter on it” and “This permanent can’t block as long as it has a +1/+1 counter on it.”
 702.98. Cipher
-702.98a Cipher appears on some instants and sorceries. It represents two abilities. The first is a spell ability that functions while the spell with cipher is on the stack. The second is a static ability that functions while the card with cipher is in the exile zone. â€œCipherâ€ means â€œIf this spell is represented by a card, you may exile this card encoded on a creature you controlâ€ and â€œFor as long as this card is encoded on that creature, that creature has â€˜Whenever this creature deals combat damage to a player, you may copy the encoded card and you may cast the copy without paying its mana cost.â€™â€
+702.98a Cipher appears on some instants and sorceries. It represents two abilities. The first is a spell ability that functions while the spell with cipher is on the stack. The second is a static ability that functions while the card with cipher is in the exile zone. “Cipher” means “If this spell is represented by a card, you may exile this card encoded on a creature you control” and “For as long as this card is encoded on that creature, that creature has ‘Whenever this creature deals combat damage to a player, you may copy the encoded card and you may cast the copy without paying its mana cost.’”
-702.98b The term â€œencodedâ€ describes the relationship between the card with cipher while in the exile zone and the creature chosen when the spell represented by that card resolves.
+702.98b The term “encoded” describes the relationship between the card with cipher while in the exile zone and the creature chosen when the spell represented by that card resolves.
 702.98c The card with cipher remains encoded on the chosen creature as long as the card with cipher remains exiled and the creature remains on the battlefield. The card remains encoded on that object even if it changes controller or stops being a creature, as long as it remains on the battlefield.
 702.99. Evolve
-702.99a Evolve is a triggered ability. â€œEvolveâ€ means â€œWhenever a creature enters the battlefield under your control, if that creatureâ€™s power is greater than this creatureâ€™s power and/or that creatureâ€™s toughness is greater than this creatureâ€™s toughness, put a +1/+1 counter on this creature.â€
+702.99a Evolve is a triggered ability. “Evolve” means “Whenever a creature enters the battlefield under your control, if that creature’s power is greater than this creature’s power and/or that creature’s toughness is greater than this creature’s toughness, put a +1/+1 counter on this creature.”
-702.99b A creature â€œevolvesâ€ when one or more +1/+1 counters are put on it as a result of its evolve ability resolving.
+702.99b A creature “evolves” when one or more +1/+1 counters are put on it as a result of its evolve ability resolving.
-702.99c A creature canâ€™t have a greater power or toughness than a noncreature permanent.
+702.99c A creature can’t have a greater power or toughness than a noncreature permanent.
 702.99d If a creature has multiple instances of evolve, each triggers separately.
 702.100. Extort
-702.100a Extort is a triggered ability. â€œExtortâ€ means â€œWhenever you cast a spell, you may pay {W/B}. If you do, each opponent loses 1 life and you gain life equal to the total life lost this way.â€
+702.100a Extort is a triggered ability. “Extort” means “Whenever you cast a spell, you may pay {W/B}. If you do, each opponent loses 1 life and you gain life equal to the total life lost this way.”
 702.100b If a permanent has multiple instances of extort, each triggers separately.
 702.101. Fuse
-702.101a Fuse is a static ability found on some split cards (see rule 708, â€œSplit Cardsâ€) that applies while the card with fuse is in a playerâ€™s hand. If a player casts a split card with fuse from his or her hand, the player may choose to cast both halves of that split card rather than choose one half. This choice is made before putting the split card with fuse onto the stack. The resulting spell is a fused split spell.
+702.101a Fuse is a static ability found on some split cards (see rule 708, “Split Cards”) that applies while the card with fuse is in a player’s hand. If a player casts a split card with fuse from their hand, the player may choose to cast both halves of that split card rather than choose one half. This choice is made before putting the split card with fuse onto the stack. The resulting spell is a fused split spell.
 702.101b A fused split spell has the combined characteristics of its two halves. (See rule 708.4.)
 702.101c The total cost of a fused split spell includes the mana cost of each half.
 702.101d As a fused split spell resolves, the controller of the spell follows the instructions of the left half and then follows the instructions of the right half.
 702.102. Bestow
-702.102a Bestow represents two static abilities, one that functions while the card with bestow is on the stack and another that functions both while itâ€™s on the stack and while itâ€™s on the battlefield. â€œBestow [cost]â€ means â€œYou may cast this card by paying [cost] rather than its mana cost.â€ and â€œIf you chose to pay this spellâ€™s bestow cost, it becomes an Aura enchantment and gains enchant creature. These effects last until one of two things happens: this spell has an illegal target as it resolves or the permanent this spell becomes, becomes unattached.â€ Paying a cardâ€™s bestow cost follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.102a Bestow represents two static abilities, one that functions while the card with bestow is on the stack and another that functions both while it’s on the stack and while it’s on the battlefield. “Bestow [cost]” means “You may cast this card by paying [cost] rather than its mana cost.” and “If you chose to pay this spell’s bestow cost, it becomes an Aura enchantment and gains enchant creature. These effects last until one of two things happens: this spell has an illegal target as it resolves or the permanent this spell becomes, becomes unattached.” Paying a card’s bestow cost follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
-702.102b If a spellâ€™s controller chooses to pay its bestow cost, that player chooses a legal target for that Aura spell as defined by its enchant creature ability and rule 601.2c. See also rule 303.4.
+702.102b If a spell’s controller chooses to pay its bestow cost, that player chooses a legal target for that Aura spell as defined by its enchant creature ability and rule 601.2c. See also rule 303.4.
 702.102c The check for whether a spell can legally be cast happens after its controller has chosen whether to pay its bestow cost; see rule 601.2e.
-Example: Aether Storm is an enchantment with the ability â€œCreature spells canâ€™t be cast.â€ This effect doesnâ€™t stop a creature card with bestow from being cast for its bestow cost because the spell is an Aura enchantment spell, not an enchantment creature spell, when the game checks whether the spell is illegal.
+Example: Aether Storm is an enchantment with the ability “Creature spells can’t be cast.” This effect doesn’t stop a creature card with bestow from being cast for its bestow cost because the spell is an Aura enchantment spell, not an enchantment creature spell, when the game checks whether the spell is illegal.
-702.102d As an Aura spell with bestow begins resolving, if its target is illegal, the effect making it an Aura spell ends. It continues resolving as a creature spell and will be put onto the battlefield under the control of the spellâ€™s controller. This is an exception to rule 608.3a.
+702.102d As an Aura spell with bestow begins resolving, if its target is illegal, the effect making it an Aura spell ends. It continues resolving as a creature spell and will be put onto the battlefield under the control of the spell’s controller. This is an exception to rule 608.3a.
 702.102e If an Aura with bestow is attached to an illegal object or player, it becomes unattached. This is an exception to rule 704.5m.
 702.103. Tribute
-702.103a Tribute is a static ability that functions as the creature with tribute is entering the battlefield. â€œTribute Nâ€ means â€œAs this creature enters the battlefield, choose an opponent. That player may put an additional N +1/+1 counters on it as it enters the battlefield.â€
+702.103a Tribute is a static ability that functions as the creature with tribute is entering the battlefield. “Tribute N” means “As this creature enters the battlefield, choose an opponent. That player may put an additional N +1/+1 counters on it as it enters the battlefield.”
-702.103b Objects with tribute have triggered abilities that check â€œif tribute wasnâ€™t paid.â€ This condition is true if the opponent chosen as a result of the tribute ability didnâ€™t have the creature enter the battlefield with +1/+1 counters as specified by the creatureâ€™s tribute ability.
+702.103b Objects with tribute have triggered abilities that check “if tribute wasn’t paid.” This condition is true if the opponent chosen as a result of the tribute ability didn’t have the creature enter the battlefield with +1/+1 counters as specified by the creature’s tribute ability.
 702.104. Dethrone
-702.104a Dethrone is a triggered ability. â€œDethroneâ€ means â€œWhenever this creature attacks the player with the most life or tied for most life, put a +1/+1 counter on this creature.â€
+702.104a Dethrone is a triggered ability. “Dethrone” means “Whenever this creature attacks the player with the most life or tied for most life, put a +1/+1 counter on this creature.”
 702.104b If a creature has multiple instances of dethrone, each triggers separately.
 702.105. Hidden Agenda
-702.105a Hidden agenda is a static ability that functions as a conspiracy card with hidden agenda is put into the command zone. â€œHidden agendaâ€ means â€œAs you put this conspiracy card into the command zone, turn it face down and secretly choose a card name.â€
+702.105a Hidden agenda is a static ability that functions as a conspiracy card with hidden agenda is put into the command zone. “Hidden agenda” means “As you put this conspiracy card into the command zone, turn it face down and secretly choose a card name.”
 702.105b To secretly choose a card name, note that name on a piece of paper kept with the face-down conspiracy card.
 702.105c Any time you have priority, you may turn a face-down conspiracy card you control in the command zone face up. This is a special action. Doing so will reveal the chosen name. See rule 115.2h.
-702.105d Hidden agenda and another ability of the object with hidden agenda that refers to â€œthe chosen nameâ€ are linked. The second ability refers only to the card name chosen as a result of that objectâ€™s hidden agenda ability. See rule 607.2d.
+702.105d Hidden agenda and another ability of the object with hidden agenda that refers to “the chosen name” are linked. The second ability refers only to the card name chosen as a result of that object’s hidden agenda ability. See rule 607.2d.
 702.105e If a player leaves the game, all face-down conspiracy cards controlled by that player must be revealed to all players. At the end of each game, all face-down conspiracy cards must be revealed to all players.
-702.105f Double agenda is a variant of the hidden agenda ability. As you put a conspiracy card with double agenda into the command zone, you secretly name two different cards rather than one. You donâ€™t reveal that more than one name was secretly chosen until you reveal the chosen names.
+702.105f Double agenda is a variant of the hidden agenda ability. As you put a conspiracy card with double agenda into the command zone, you secretly name two different cards rather than one. You don’t reveal that more than one name was secretly chosen until you reveal the chosen names.
 702.106. Outlast
-702.106a Outlast is an activated ability. â€œOutlast [cost]â€ means â€œ[Cost], {T}: Put a +1/+1 counter on this creature. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.â€
+702.106a Outlast is an activated ability. “Outlast [cost]” means “[Cost], {T}: Put a +1/+1 counter on this creature. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.”
 702.107. Prowess
-702.107a Prowess is a triggered ability. â€œProwessâ€ means â€œWhenever you cast a noncreature spell, this creature gets +1/+1 until end of turn.â€
+702.107a Prowess is a triggered ability. “Prowess” means “Whenever you cast a noncreature spell, this creature gets +1/+1 until end of turn.”
 702.107b If a creature has multiple instances of prowess, each triggers separately.
 702.108. Dash
-702.108a Dash represents three abilities: two static abilities that function while the card with dash is on the stack, one of which may create a delayed triggered ability, and a static ability that functions while the object with dash is on the battlefield. â€œDash [cost]â€ means â€œYou may cast this card by paying [cost] rather than its mana cost,â€ â€œIf this spellâ€™s dash cost was paid, return the permanent this spell becomes to its ownerâ€™s hand at the beginning of the next end step,â€ and â€œAs long as this permanentâ€™s dash cost was paid, it has haste.â€ Paying a cardâ€™s dash cost follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.108a Dash represents three abilities: two static abilities that function while the card with dash is on the stack, one of which may create a delayed triggered ability, and a static ability that functions while the object with dash is on the battlefield. “Dash [cost]” means “You may cast this card by paying [cost] rather than its mana cost,” “If this spell’s dash cost was paid, return the permanent this spell becomes to its owner’s hand at the beginning of the next end step,” and “As long as this permanent’s dash cost was paid, it has haste.” Paying a card’s dash cost follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
 702.109. Exploit
-702.109a Exploit is a triggered ability. â€œExploitâ€ means â€œWhen this creature enters the battlefield, you may sacrifice a creature.â€
+702.109a Exploit is a triggered ability. “Exploit” means “When this creature enters the battlefield, you may sacrifice a creature.”
-702.109b A creature with exploit â€œexploits a creatureâ€ when the controller of the exploit ability sacrifices a creature as that ability resolves.
+702.109b A creature with exploit “exploits a creature” when the controller of the exploit ability sacrifices a creature as that ability resolves.
 702.110. Menace
 702.110a Menace is an evasion ability.
-702.110b A creature with menace canâ€™t be blocked except by two or more creatures. (See rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step.â€)
+702.110b A creature with menace can’t be blocked except by two or more creatures. (See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step.”)
 702.110c Multiple instances of menace on the same creature are redundant.
 702.111. Renown
-702.111a Renown is a triggered ability. â€œRenown Nâ€ means â€œWhen this creature deals combat damage to a player, if it isnâ€™t renowned, put N +1/+1 counters on it and it becomes renowned.â€
+702.111a Renown is a triggered ability. “Renown N” means “When this creature deals combat damage to a player, if it isn’t renowned, put N +1/+1 counters on it and it becomes renowned.”
-702.111b Renowned is a designation that has no rules meaning other than to act as a marker that the renown ability and other spells and abilities can identify. Only permanents can be or become renowned. Once a permanent becomes renowned, it stays renowned until it leaves the battlefield. Renowned is neither an ability nor part of the permanentâ€™s copiable values.
+702.111b Renowned is a designation that has no rules meaning other than to act as a marker that the renown ability and other spells and abilities can identify. Only permanents can be or become renowned. Once a permanent becomes renowned, it stays renowned until it leaves the battlefield. Renowned is neither an ability nor part of the permanent’s copiable values.
 702.111c If a creature has multiple instances of renown, each triggers separately. The first such ability to resolve will cause the creature to become renowned, and subsequent abilities will have no effect. (See rule 603.4)
 702.112. Awaken
-702.112a Awaken appears on some instants and sorceries. It represents two abilities: a static ability that functions while the spell with awaken is on the stack and a spell ability. â€œAwaken Nâ€”[cost]â€ means â€œYou may pay [cost] rather than pay this spellâ€™s mana cost as you cast this spellâ€ and â€œIf this spellâ€™s awaken cost was paid, put N +1/+1 counters on target land you control. That land becomes a 0/0 Elemental creature with haste. Itâ€™s still a land.â€ Paying a spellâ€™s awaken cost follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.112a Awaken appears on some instants and sorceries. It represents two abilities: a static ability that functions while the spell with awaken is on the stack and a spell ability. “Awaken N—[cost]” means “You may pay [cost] rather than pay this spell’s mana cost as you cast this spell” and “If this spell’s awaken cost was paid, put N +1/+1 counters on target land you control. That land becomes a 0/0 Elemental creature with haste. It’s still a land.” Paying a spell’s awaken cost follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
-702.112b The controller of a spell with awaken chooses the target of the awaken spell ability only if that player chose to pay the spellâ€™s awaken cost. Otherwise the spell is cast as if it didnâ€™t have that target.
+702.112b The controller of a spell with awaken chooses the target of the awaken spell ability only if that player chose to pay the spell’s awaken cost. Otherwise the spell is cast as if it didn’t have that target.
 702.113. Devoid
-702.113a Devoid is a characteristic-defining ability. â€œDevoidâ€ means â€œThis object is colorless.â€ This ability functions everywhere, even outside the game. See rule 604.3.
+702.113a Devoid is a characteristic-defining ability. “Devoid” means “This object is colorless.” This ability functions everywhere, even outside the game. See rule 604.3.
 702.114. Ingest
-702.114a Ingest is a triggered ability. â€œIngestâ€ means â€œWhenever this creature deals combat damage to a player, that player exiles the top card of his or her library.â€
+702.114a Ingest is a triggered ability. “Ingest” means “Whenever this creature deals combat damage to a player, that player exiles the top card of their library.”
 702.114b If a creature has multiple instances of ingest, each triggers separately.
 702.115. Myriad
-702.115a Myriad is a triggered ability that may also create a delayed triggered ability. â€œMyriadâ€ means â€œWhenever this creature attacks, for each opponent other than defending player, you may create a token thatâ€™s a copy of this creature thatâ€™s tapped and attacking that player or a planeswalker he or she controls. If one or more tokens are created this way, exile the tokens at end of combat.â€
+702.115a Myriad is a triggered ability that may also create a delayed triggered ability. “Myriad” means “Whenever this creature attacks, for each opponent other than defending player, you may create a token that’s a copy of this creature that’s tapped and attacking that player or a planeswalker they control. If one or more tokens are created this way, exile the tokens at end of combat.”
 702.115b If a creature has multiple instances of myriad, each triggers separately.
 702.116. Surge
-702.116a Surge is a static ability that functions while the spell with surge is on the stack. â€œSurge [cost]â€ means â€œYou may pay [cost] rather than pay this spellâ€™s mana cost as you cast this spell if you or one of your teammates has cast another spell this turn.â€ Paying a spellâ€™s surge cost follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.116a Surge is a static ability that functions while the spell with surge is on the stack. “Surge [cost]” means “You may pay [cost] rather than pay this spell’s mana cost as you cast this spell if you or one of your teammates has cast another spell this turn.” Paying a spell’s surge cost follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
 702.117. Skulk
 702.117a Skulk is an evasion ability.
-702.117b A creature with skulk canâ€™t be blocked by creatures with greater power. (See rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step.â€)
+702.117b A creature with skulk can’t be blocked by creatures with greater power. (See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step.”)
 702.117c Multiple instances of skulk on the same creature are redundant.
 702.118. Emerge
-702.118a Emerge represents two static abilities that function while the spell with emerge is on the stack. â€œEmerge [cost]â€ means â€œYou may cast this spell by paying [cost] and sacrificing a creature rather than paying its mana costâ€ and â€œIf you chose to pay this spellâ€™s emerge cost, its total cost is reduced by an amount of generic mana equal to the sacrificed creatureâ€™s converted mana cost.â€ Paying a cardâ€™s emerge cost follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.118a Emerge represents two static abilities that function while the spell with emerge is on the stack. “Emerge [cost]” means “You may cast this spell by paying [cost] and sacrificing a creature rather than paying its mana cost” and “If you chose to pay this spell’s emerge cost, its total cost is reduced by an amount of generic mana equal to the sacrificed creature’s converted mana cost.” Paying a card’s emerge cost follows the rules for paying alternative costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
-702.118b You choose which creature to sacrifice as you choose to pay a spellâ€™s emerge cost (see rule 601.2b), and you sacrifice that creature as you pay the total cost (see rule 601.2h).
+702.118b You choose which creature to sacrifice as you choose to pay a spell’s emerge cost (see rule 601.2b), and you sacrifice that creature as you pay the total cost (see rule 601.2h).
 702.119. Escalate
-702.119a Escalate is a static ability of modal spells (see rule 700.2) that functions while the spell with escalate is on the stack. â€œEscalate [cost]â€ means â€œFor each mode you choose beyond the first as you cast this spell, you pay an additional [cost].â€ Paying a spellâ€™s escalate cost follows the rules for paying additional costs in rules 601.2fâ€“h.
+702.119a Escalate is a static ability of modal spells (see rule 700.2) that functions while the spell with escalate is on the stack. “Escalate [cost]” means “For each mode you choose beyond the first as you cast this spell, you pay an additional [cost].” Paying a spell’s escalate cost follows the rules for paying additional costs in rules 601.2f–h.
 702.120. Melee
-702.120a Melee is a triggered ability. â€œMeleeâ€ means â€œWhenever this creature attacks, it gets +1/+1 until end of turn for each opponent you attacked with a creature this combat.â€
+702.120a Melee is a triggered ability. “Melee” means “Whenever this creature attacks, it gets +1/+1 until end of turn for each opponent you attacked with a creature this combat.”
 702.120b If a creature has multiple instances of melee, each triggers separately.
 702.121. Crew
-702.121a Crew is an activated ability of Vehicle cards. â€œCrew Nâ€ means â€œTap any number of untapped creatures you control with total power N or greater: This permanent becomes an artifact creature until end of turn.â€
+702.121a Crew is an activated ability of Vehicle cards. “Crew N” means “Tap any number of untapped creatures you control with total power N or greater: This permanent becomes an artifact creature until end of turn.”
-702.121b A creature â€œcrews a Vehicleâ€ when itâ€™s tapped to pay the cost to activate a Vehicleâ€™s crew ability.
+702.121b A creature “crews a Vehicle” when it’s tapped to pay the cost to activate a Vehicle’s crew ability.
-702.121c If an effect states that a creature â€œcanâ€™t crew Vehicles,â€ that creature canâ€™t be tapped to pay the crew cost of a Vehicle.
+702.121c If an effect states that a creature “can’t crew Vehicles,” that creature can’t be tapped to pay the crew cost of a Vehicle.
 702.122. Fabricate
-702.122a Fabricate is a triggered ability. â€œFabricate Nâ€ means â€œWhen this permanent enters the battlefield, you may put N +1/+1 counters on it. If you donâ€™t, create N 1/1 colorless Servo artifact creature tokens.â€
+702.122a Fabricate is a triggered ability. “Fabricate N” means “When this permanent enters the battlefield, you may put N +1/+1 counters on it. If you don’t, create N 1/1 colorless Servo artifact creature tokens.”
 702.122b If a permanent has multiple instances of fabricate, each triggers separately.
 702.123. Partner
 702.123a Partner is an ability that modifies the rules for deck construction in the Commander variant (see rule 903), and it functions before the game begins. Rather than a single legendary creature card, you may designate two legendary creature cards as your commander if each has partner.
 702.123b Your deck must contain exactly 100 cards, including its two commanders. Both commanders begin the game in the command zone.
-702.123c A rule or effect that refers to your commanderâ€™s color identity refers to the combined color identities of your two commanders. See rule 903.4.
+702.123c A rule or effect that refers to your commander’s color identity refers to the combined color identities of your two commanders. See rule 903.4.
 702.123d Except for determining the color identity of your commander, the two commanders function independently. When casting a commander with partner, ignore how many times your other commander has been cast. When determining whether a player has been dealt 21 or more combat damage by the same commander, consider damage from each of your two commanders separately. See rule 903.11a.
 702.123e If an effect refers to your commander while you have two commanders, it refers to either one. If an effect causes you to perform an action on your commander and it could affect both, you choose which it refers to at the time the effect is applied.
+702.123f “Partner with [name]” is a variant of the partner ability. “Partner with [name]” represents two abilities. One is a static ability that modifies the rules for deck construction. Rather than a single legendary creature card, you may designate two legendary creature cards as your commander if each has a “partner with [name]” ability with the other’s name. You can’t designate two legendary cards as your commander if one has a “partner with [name]” ability and the other isn’t the named card. The other ability represented by “partner with [name]” is a triggered ability that means “When this permanent enters the battlefield, target player may search their library for a card named [name], reveal it, put it into their hand, then shuffle their library.”
 702.124. Undaunted
-702.124a Undaunted is a static ability that functions while the spell with undaunted is on the stack. Undaunted means â€œThis spell costs {1} less to cast for each opponent you have.â€
+702.124a Undaunted is a static ability that functions while the spell with undaunted is on the stack. Undaunted means “This spell costs {1} less to cast for each opponent you have.”
 702.124b Players who have left the game are not counted when determining how many opponents you have.
 702.124c If a spell has multiple instances of undaunted, each of them applies.
 702.125. Improvise
-702.125a Improvise is a static ability that functions while the spell with improvise is on the stack. â€œImproviseâ€ means â€œFor each generic mana in this spellâ€™s total cost, you may tap an untapped artifact you control rather than pay that mana.â€
+702.125a Improvise is a static ability that functions while the spell with improvise is on the stack. “Improvise” means “For each generic mana in this spell’s total cost, you may tap an untapped artifact you control rather than pay that mana.”
-702.125b The improvise ability isnâ€™t an additional or alternative cost and applies only after the total cost of the spell with improvise is determined.
+702.125b The improvise ability isn’t an additional or alternative cost and applies only after the total cost of the spell with improvise is determined.
 702.125c Multiple instances of improvise on the same spell are redundant.
 702.126. Aftermath
-702.126a Aftermath is an ability found on some split cards (see rule 708, â€œSplit Cardsâ€). It represents three static abilities. â€œAftermathâ€ means â€œYou may cast this half of this split card from your graveyard,â€ â€œThis half of this split card canâ€™t be cast from any zone other than a graveyard,â€ and â€œIf this spell was cast from a graveyard, exile it instead of putting it anywhere else any time it would leave the stack.â€
+702.126a Aftermath is an ability found on some split cards (see rule 708, “Split Cards”). It represents three static abilities. “Aftermath” means “You may cast this half of this split card from your graveyard,” “This half of this split card can’t be cast from any zone other than a graveyard,” and “If this spell was cast from a graveyard, exile it instead of putting it anywhere else any time it would leave the stack.”
 702.127. Embalm
-702.127a Embalm is an activated ability that functions while the card with embalm is in a graveyard. â€œEmbalm [cost]â€ means â€œ[Cost], Exile this card from your graveyard: Create a token thatâ€™s a copy of this card, except itâ€™s white, it has no mana cost, and itâ€™s a Zombie in addition to its other types. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.â€
+702.127a Embalm is an activated ability that functions while the card with embalm is in a graveyard. “Embalm [cost]” means “[Cost], Exile this card from your graveyard: Create a token that’s a copy of this card, except it’s white, it has no mana cost, and it’s a Zombie in addition to its other types. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.”
-702.127b A token is â€œembalmedâ€ if itâ€™s created by a resolving embalm ability.
+702.127b A token is “embalmed” if it’s created by a resolving embalm ability.
 702.128. Eternalize
-702.128a Eternalize is an activated ability that functions while the card with eternalize is in a graveyard. â€œEternalize [cost]â€ means â€œ[Cost], Exile this card from your graveyard: Create a token thatâ€™s a copy of this card, except itâ€™s black, itâ€™s 4/4, it has no mana cost, and itâ€™s a Zombie in addition to its other types. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.â€
+702.128a Eternalize is an activated ability that functions while the card with eternalize is in a graveyard. “Eternalize [cost]” means “[Cost], Exile this card from your graveyard: Create a token that’s a copy of this card, except it’s black, it’s 4/4, it has no mana cost, and it’s a Zombie in addition to its other types. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.”
 702.129. Afflict
-702.129a Afflict is a triggered ability. â€œAfflict Nâ€ means â€œWhenever this creature becomes blocked, defending player loses N life.â€
+702.129a Afflict is a triggered ability. “Afflict N” means “Whenever this creature becomes blocked, defending player loses N life.”
 702.129b If a creature has multiple instances of afflict, each triggers separately.
+702.130. Ascend
+702.130a Ascend on an instant or sorcery spell represents a spell ability. It means “If you control ten or more permanents and you don’t have the city’s blessing, you get the city’s blessing for the rest of the game.”
+702.130b Ascend on a permanent represents a static ability. It means “Any time you control ten or more permanents and you don’t have the city’s blessing, you get the city’s blessing for the rest of the game.”
+702.130c The city’s blessing is a designation that has no rules meaning other than to act as a marker that other rules and effects can identify. Any number of players may have the city’s blessing at the same time.
+702.130d After a player gets the city’s blessing, continuous effects are reapplied before the game checks to see if the game state or preceding events have matched any trigger conditions.
+702.131. Assist
+702.131a Assist is a static ability that modifies the rules of paying for the spell with assist (see rules 601.2g-h). If the total cost to cast a spell with assist includes a generic mana component, before you activate mana abilities while casting it, you may choose another player. That player has a chance to activate mana abilities. Once that player chooses not to activate any more mana abilities, you have a chance to activate mana abilities. Before you begin to pay the total cost of the spell, the player you chose may pay for any amount of the generic mana in the spell’s total cost.
+702.132. Jump-Start
+702.132a Jump-start appears on some instants and sorceries. It represents two static abilities: one that functions while the card is in a player’s graveyard and another that functions while the card is on the stack. “Jump-start” means “You may cast this card from your graveyard by discarding a card as an additional cost to cast it” and “If this spell was cast using its jump-start ability, exile this card instead of putting it anywhere else any time it would leave the stack.” Casting a spell using its jump-start ability follows the rules for paying additional costs in rules 601.2b and 601.2f–h.
+702.133. Mentor
+702.133a Mentor is a triggered ability. “Mentor” means “Whenever this creature attacks, put a +1/+1 counter on target attacking creature with power less than this creature’s power.”
+702.133b If a creature has multiple instances of mentor, each triggers separately.
 703. Turn-Based Actions
-703.1. Turn-based actions are game actions that happen automatically when certain steps or phases begin, or when each step and phase ends. Turn-based actions donâ€™t use the stack.
+703.1. Turn-based actions are game actions that happen automatically when certain steps or phases begin, or when each step and phase ends. Turn-based actions don’t use the stack.
-703.1a Abilities that watch for a specified step or phase to begin are triggered abilities, not turn-based actions. (See rule 603, â€œHandling Triggered Abilities.â€)
+703.1a Abilities that watch for a specified step or phase to begin are triggered abilities, not turn-based actions. (See rule 603, “Handling Triggered Abilities.”)
 703.2. Turn-based actions are not controlled by any player.
-703.3. Whenever a step or phase begins, if itâ€™s a step or phase that has any turn-based action associated with it, those turn-based actions are automatically dealt with first. This happens before state-based actions are checked, before triggered abilities are put on the stack, and before players receive priority.
+703.3. Whenever a step or phase begins, if it’s a step or phase that has any turn-based action associated with it, those turn-based actions are automatically dealt with first. This happens before state-based actions are checked, before triggered abilities are put on the stack, and before players receive priority.
 703.4. The turn-based actions are as follows:
 703.4a Immediately after the untap step begins, all phased-in permanents with phasing that the active player controls phase out, and all phased-out permanents that the active player controlled when they phased out phase in. This all happens simultaneously. See rule 502.1.
-703.4b Immediately after the phasing action has been completed during the untap step, the active player determines which permanents he or she controls will untap. Then he or she untaps them all simultaneously. See rule 502.2.
+703.4b Immediately after the phasing action has been completed during the untap step, the active player determines which permanents they control will untap. Then they untap them all simultaneously. See rule 502.2.
 703.4c Immediately after the draw step begins, the active player draws a card. See rule 504.1.
-703.4d In an Archenemy game (see rule 904), immediately after the archenemyâ€™s precombat main phase begins, that player sets the top card of his or her scheme deck in motion. See rule 701.23.
+703.4d In an Archenemy game (see rule 904), immediately after the archenemy’s precombat main phase begins, that player sets the top card of their scheme deck in motion. See rule 701.24.
-703.4e Immediately after the beginning of combat step begins, if the game being played is a multiplayer game in which the active playerâ€™s opponents donâ€™t all automatically become defending players, the active player chooses one of his or her opponents. That player becomes the defending player. See rule 507.1.
+703.4e Immediately after a player’s precombat main phase begins, that player puts a lore counter on each Saga enchantment they control. In an Archenemy game, this happens after the archenemy’s scheme action. See rule 714, “Saga Cards.”
-703.4f Immediately after the declare attackers step begins, the active player declares attackers. See rule 508.1.
+703.4f Immediately after the beginning of combat step begins, if the game being played is a multiplayer game in which the active player’s opponents don’t all automatically become defending players, the active player chooses one of their opponents. That player becomes the defending player. See rule 507.1.
-703.4g Immediately after the declare blockers step begins, the defending player declares blockers. See rule 509.1.
+703.4g Immediately after the declare attackers step begins, the active player declares attackers. See rule 508.1.
-703.4h Immediately after blockers have been declared during the declare blockers step, for each attacking creature thatâ€™s become blocked by multiple creatures, the active player announces the damage assignment order among the blocking creatures. See rule 509.2.
+703.4h Immediately after the declare blockers step begins, the defending player declares blockers. See rule 509.1.
-703.4i Immediately after the active player has announced damage assignment orders (if necessary) during the declare blockers step, for each creature thatâ€™s blocking multiple creatures, the defending player announces the damage assignment order among the attacking creatures. See rule 509.3.
+703.4i Immediately after blockers have been declared during the declare blockers step, for each attacking creature that’s become blocked by multiple creatures, the active player announces the damage assignment order among the blocking creatures. See rule 509.2.
-703.4j Immediately after the combat damage step begins, each player in APNAP order announces how each attacking or blocking creature he or she controls assigns its combat damage. See rule 510.1.
+703.4j Immediately after the active player has announced damage assignment orders (if necessary) during the declare blockers step, for each creature that’s blocking multiple creatures, the defending player announces the damage assignment order among the attacking creatures. See rule 509.3.
-703.4k Immediately after combat damage has been assigned during the combat damage step, all combat damage is dealt simultaneously. See rule 510.2.
+703.4k Immediately after the combat damage step begins, each player in APNAP order announces how each attacking or blocking creature they control assigns its combat damage. See rule 510.1.
-703.4m Immediately after the cleanup step begins, if the active playerâ€™s hand contains more cards than his or her maximum hand size (normally seven), he or she discards enough cards to reduce his or her hand size to that number. See rule 514.1.
+703.4m Immediately after combat damage has been assigned during the combat damage step, all combat damage is dealt simultaneously. See rule 510.2.
-703.4n Immediately after the active player has discarded cards (if necessary) during the cleanup step, all damage is removed from permanents and all â€œuntil end of turnâ€ and â€œthis turnâ€ effects end. These actions happen simultaneously. See rule 514.2.
+703.4n Immediately after the cleanup step begins, if the active player’s hand contains more cards than their maximum hand size (normally seven), they discard enough cards to reduce their hand size to that number. See rule 514.1.
-703.4p When each step or phase ends, any unused mana left in a playerâ€™s mana pool empties. See rule 500.4.
+703.4p Immediately after the active player has discarded cards (if necessary) during the cleanup step, all damage is removed from permanents and all “until end of turn” and “this turn” effects end. These actions happen simultaneously. See rule 514.2.
+703.4q When each step or phase ends, any unused mana left in a player’s mana pool empties. See rule 500.4.
 704. State-Based Actions
-704.1. State-based actions are game actions that happen automatically whenever certain conditions (listed below) are met. State-based actions donâ€™t use the stack.
+704.1. State-based actions are game actions that happen automatically whenever certain conditions (listed below) are met. State-based actions don’t use the stack.
-704.1a Abilities that watch for a specified game state are triggered abilities, not state-based actions. (See rule 603, â€œHandling Triggered Abilities.â€)
+704.1a Abilities that watch for a specified game state are triggered abilities, not state-based actions. (See rule 603, “Handling Triggered Abilities.”)
 704.2. State-based actions are checked throughout the game and are not controlled by any player.
-704.3. Whenever a player would get priority (see rule 116, â€œTiming and Priorityâ€), the game checks for any of the listed conditions for state-based actions, then performs all applicable state-based actions simultaneously as a single event. If any state-based actions are performed as a result of a check, the check is repeated; otherwise all triggered abilities that are waiting to be put on the stack are put on the stack, then the check is repeated. Once no more state-based actions have been performed as the result of a check and no triggered abilities are waiting to be put on the stack, the appropriate player gets priority. This process also occurs during the cleanup step (see rule 514), except that if no state-based actions are performed as the result of the stepâ€™s first check and no triggered abilities are waiting to be put on the stack, then no player gets priority and the step ends.
+704.3. Whenever a player would get priority (see rule 116, “Timing and Priority”), the game checks for any of the listed conditions for state-based actions, then performs all applicable state-based actions simultaneously as a single event. If any state-based actions are performed as a result of a check, the check is repeated; otherwise all triggered abilities that are waiting to be put on the stack are put on the stack, then the check is repeated. Once no more state-based actions have been performed as the result of a check and no triggered abilities are waiting to be put on the stack, the appropriate player gets priority. This process also occurs during the cleanup step (see rule 514), except that if no state-based actions are performed as the result of the step’s first check and no triggered abilities are waiting to be put on the stack, then no player gets priority and the step ends.
 704.4. Unlike triggered abilities, state-based actions pay no attention to what happens during the resolution of a spell or ability.
-Example: A player controls a creature with the ability â€œThis creatureâ€™s power and toughness are each equal to the number of cards in your handâ€ and casts a spell whose effect is â€œDiscard your hand, then draw seven cards.â€ The creature will temporarily have toughness 0 in the middle of the spellâ€™s resolution but will be back up to toughness 7 when the spell finishes resolving. Thus the creature will survive when state-based actions are checked. In contrast, an ability that triggers when the player has no cards in hand goes on the stack after the spell resolves, because its trigger event happened during resolution.
+Example: A player controls a creature with the ability “This creature’s power and toughness are each equal to the number of cards in your hand” and casts a spell whose effect is “Discard your hand, then draw seven cards.” The creature will temporarily have toughness 0 in the middle of the spell’s resolution but will be back up to toughness 7 when the spell finishes resolving. Thus the creature will survive when state-based actions are checked. In contrast, an ability that triggers when the player has no cards in hand goes on the stack after the spell resolves, because its trigger event happened during resolution.
 704.5. The state-based actions are as follows:
-704.5a If a player has 0 or less life, he or she loses the game.
+704.5a If a player has 0 or less life, that player loses the game.
-704.5b If a player attempted to draw a card from a library with no cards in it since the last time state-based actions were checked, he or she loses the game.
+704.5b If a player attempted to draw a card from a library with no cards in it since the last time state-based actions were checked, that player loses the game.
-704.5c If a player has ten or more poison counters, he or she loses the game. Ignore this rule in Two-Headed Giant games; see rule 704.5t instead.
+704.5c If a player has ten or more poison counters, that player loses the game. Ignore this rule in Two-Headed Giant games; see rule 704.5u instead.
 704.5d If a token is in a zone other than the battlefield, it ceases to exist.
 704.5e If a copy of a spell is in a zone other than the stack, it ceases to exist. If a copy of a card is in any zone other than the stack or the battlefield, it ceases to exist.
-704.5f If a creature has toughness 0 or less, itâ€™s put into its ownerâ€™s graveyard. Regeneration canâ€™t replace this event.
+704.5f If a creature has toughness 0 or less, it’s put into its owner’s graveyard. Regeneration can’t replace this event.
 704.5g If a creature has toughness greater than 0, and the total damage marked on it is greater than or equal to its toughness, that creature has been dealt lethal damage and is destroyed. Regeneration can replace this event.
-704.5h If a creature has toughness greater than 0, and itâ€™s been dealt damage by a source with deathtouch since the last time state-based actions were checked, that creature is destroyed. Regeneration can replace this event.
+704.5h If a creature has toughness greater than 0, and it’s been dealt damage by a source with deathtouch since the last time state-based actions were checked, that creature is destroyed. Regeneration can replace this event.
-704.5i If a planeswalker has loyalty 0, itâ€™s put into its ownerâ€™s graveyard.
+704.5i If a planeswalker has loyalty 0, it’s put into its owner’s graveyard.
-704.5j If a player controls two or more legendary permanents with the same name, that player chooses one of them, and the rest are put into their ownersâ€™ graveyards. This is called the â€œlegend rule.â€
+704.5j If a player controls two or more legendary permanents with the same name, that player chooses one of them, and the rest are put into their owners’ graveyards. This is called the “legend rule.”
-704.5k If two or more permanents have the supertype world, all except the one that has had the world supertype for the shortest amount of time are put into their ownersâ€™ graveyards. In the event of a tie for the shortest amount of time, all are put into their ownersâ€™ graveyards. This is called the â€œworld rule.â€
+704.5k If two or more permanents have the supertype world, all except the one that has had the world supertype for the shortest amount of time are put into their owners’ graveyards. In the event of a tie for the shortest amount of time, all are put into their owners’ graveyards. This is called the “world rule.”
-704.5m If an Aura is attached to an illegal object or player, or is not attached to an object or player, that Aura is put into its ownerâ€™s graveyard.
+704.5m If an Aura is attached to an illegal object or player, or is not attached to an object or player, that Aura is put into its owner’s graveyard.
 704.5n If an Equipment or Fortification is attached to an illegal permanent, it becomes unattached from that permanent. It remains on the battlefield.
-704.5p If a creature is attached to an object or player, it becomes unattached and remains on the battlefield. Similarly, if a permanent thatâ€™s neither an Aura, an Equipment, nor a Fortification is attached to an object or player, it becomes unattached and remains on the battlefield.
+704.5p If a creature is attached to an object or player, it becomes unattached and remains on the battlefield. Similarly, if a permanent that’s neither an Aura, an Equipment, nor a Fortification is attached to an object or player, it becomes unattached and remains on the battlefield.
 704.5q If a permanent has both a +1/+1 counter and a -1/-1 counter on it, N +1/+1 and N -1/-1 counters are removed from it, where N is the smaller of the number of +1/+1 and -1/-1 counters on it.
-704.5r If a permanent with an ability that says it canâ€™t have more than N counters of a certain kind on it has more than N counters of that kind on it, all but N of those counters are removed from it.
+704.5r If a permanent with an ability that says it can’t have more than N counters of a certain kind on it has more than N counters of that kind on it, all but N of those counters are removed from it.
-704.5s In a Two-Headed Giant game, if a team has 0 or less life, that team loses the game. See rule 810, â€œTwo-Headed Giant Variant.â€
+704.5s If the number of lore counters on a Saga permanent is greater than or equal to its final chapter number and it isn’t the source of a chapter ability that has triggered but not yet left the stack, that Saga’s controller sacrifices it. See rule 714, “Saga Cards.”
-704.5t In a Two-Headed Giant game, if a team has fifteen or more poison counters, that team loses the game. See rule 810, â€œTwo-Headed Giant Variant.â€
+704.5t In a Two-Headed Giant game, if a team has 0 or less life, that team loses the game. See rule 810, “Two-Headed Giant Variant.”
-704.5u In a Commander game, a player thatâ€™s been dealt 21 or more combat damage by the same commander over the course of the game loses the game. See rule 903, â€œCommander.â€
+704.5u In a Two-Headed Giant game, if a team has fifteen or more poison counters, that team loses the game. See rule 810, “Two-Headed Giant Variant.”
-704.5v In an Archenemy game, if a non-ongoing scheme card is face up in the command zone, and no triggered abilities of any scheme are on the stack or waiting to be put on the stack, that scheme card is turned face down and put on the bottom of its ownerâ€™s scheme deck. See rule 904, â€œArchenemy.â€
+704.5v In a Commander game, a player that’s been dealt 21 or more combat damage by the same commander over the course of the game loses the game. See rule 903, “Commander.”
-704.5w In a Planechase game, if a phenomenon card is face up in the command zone, and it isnâ€™t the source of a triggered ability that has triggered but not yet left the stack, the planar controller planeswalks. See rule 901, â€œPlanechase.â€
+704.5w In an Archenemy game, if a non-ongoing scheme card is face up in the command zone, and no triggered abilities of any scheme are on the stack or waiting to be put on the stack, that scheme card is turned face down and put on the bottom of its owner’s scheme deck. See rule 904, “Archenemy.”
+704.5x In a Planechase game, if a phenomenon card is face up in the command zone, and it isn’t the source of a triggered ability that has triggered but not yet left the stack, the planar controller planeswalks. See rule 901, “Planechase.”
 704.6. If multiple state-based actions would have the same result at the same time, a single replacement effect will replace all of them.
-Example: You control Lichâ€™s Mirror, which says â€œIf you would lose the game, instead shuffle your hand, your graveyard, and all permanents you own into your library, then draw seven cards and your life total becomes 20.â€ Thereâ€™s one card in your library and your life total is 1. A spell causes you to draw two cards and lose 2 life. The next time state-based actions are checked, youâ€™d lose the game due to rule 704.5a and rule 704.5b. Instead, Lichâ€™s Mirror replaces that game loss and you keep playing.
+Example: You control Lich’s Mirror, which says “If you would lose the game, instead shuffle your hand, your graveyard, and all permanents you own into your library, then draw seven cards and your life total becomes 20.” There’s one card in your library and your life total is 1. A spell causes you to draw two cards and lose 2 life. The next time state-based actions are checked, you’d lose the game due to rule 704.5a and rule 704.5b. Instead, Lich’s Mirror replaces that game loss and you keep playing.
-704.7. If a state-based action results in a permanent leaving the battlefield at the same time other state-based actions were performed, that permanentâ€™s last known information is derived from the game state before any of those state-based actions were performed.
+704.7. If a state-based action results in a permanent leaving the battlefield at the same time other state-based actions were performed, that permanent’s last known information is derived from the game state before any of those state-based actions were performed.
 Example: You control Young Wolf, a 1/1 creature with undying, and it has a +1/+1 counter on it. A spell puts three -1/-1 counters on Young Wolf. Before state-based actions are performed, Young Wolf has one +1/+1 counter and three -1/-1 counters on it. After state-based actions are performed, Young Wolf is in the graveyard. When it was last on the battlefield, it had a +1/+1 counter on it, so undying will not trigger.
 705. Flipping a Coin
-705.1. To flip a coin for an object that cares whether a player wins or loses the flip, the affected player flips the coin and calls â€œheadsâ€ or â€œtails.â€ If the call matches the result, that player wins the flip. Otherwise, the player loses the flip. Only the player who flips the coin wins or loses the flip; no other players are involved.
+705.1. An effect that instructs a player to flip a coin may care whether that player wins or loses the flip. To flip a coin for such an effect, the player flips the coin and calls “heads” or “tails.” If the call matches the result, the player wins the flip. Otherwise, the player loses the flip. Only the player who flips the coin wins or loses the flip; no other players are involved.
-705.2. To flip a coin for an object that cares whether the coin comes up heads or tails, each affected player flips a coin without making a call. No player wins or loses this kind of flip.
+705.2. If an effect instructs a player to flip a coin and that effect cares only whether the coin comes up heads or tails without specifying a winner or loser of the flip, that player flips a coin without making a call. No player wins or loses this kind of flip.
-705.3. A coin used in a flip must be a two-sided object with easily distinguished sides and equal likelihood that either side lands face up. If the coin thatâ€™s being flipped doesnâ€™t have an obvious â€œheadsâ€ or â€œtails,â€ designate one side to be â€œheads,â€ and the other side to be â€œtails.â€ Other methods of randomization may be substituted for flipping a coin as long as there are two possible outcomes of equal likelihood and all players agree to the substitution. For example, the player may roll an even-sided die and call â€œoddsâ€ or â€œevens,â€ or roll an even-sided die and designate that â€œoddsâ€ means â€œheadsâ€ and â€œevensâ€ means â€œtails.â€
+705.3. A coin used in a flip must be a two-sided object with easily distinguished sides and equal likelihood that either side lands face up. If the coin that’s being flipped doesn’t have an obvious “heads” or “tails,” designate one side to be “heads,” and the other side to be “tails.” Other methods of randomization may be substituted for flipping a coin as long as there are two possible outcomes of equal likelihood and all players agree to the substitution. For example, the player may roll an even-sided die and call “odds” or “evens,” or roll an even-sided die and designate that “odds” means “heads” and “evens” means “tails.”
 706. Copying Objects
-706.1. Some objects become or turn another object into a â€œcopyâ€ of a spell, permanent, or card. Some effects create a token thatâ€™s a copy of another object. (Certain older cards were printed with the phrase â€œsearch for a copy.â€ This section doesnâ€™t cover those cards, which have received new text in the Oracle card reference.)
+706.1. Some objects become or turn another object into a “copy” of a spell, permanent, or card. Some effects create a token that’s a copy of another object. (Certain older cards were printed with the phrase “search for a copy.” This section doesn’t cover those cards, which have received new text in the Oracle card reference.)
-706.2. When copying an object, the copy acquires the copiable values of the original objectâ€™s characteristics and, for an object on the stack, choices made when casting or activating it (mode, targets, the value of X, whether it was kicked, how it will affect multiple targets, and so on). The â€œcopiable valuesâ€ are the values derived from the text printed on the object (that text being name, mana cost, color indicator, card type, subtype, supertype, rules text, power, toughness, and/or loyalty), as modified by other copy effects, by its face-down status, and by â€œas . . . enters the battlefieldâ€ and â€œas . . . is turned face upâ€ abilities that set power and toughness (and may also set additional characteristics). Other effects (including type-changing and text-changing effects), status, and counters are not copied.
+706.2. When copying an object, the copy acquires the copiable values of the original object’s characteristics and, for an object on the stack, choices made when casting or activating it (mode, targets, the value of X, whether it was kicked, how it will affect multiple targets, and so on). The “copiable values” are the values derived from the text printed on the object (that text being name, mana cost, color indicator, card type, subtype, supertype, rules text, power, toughness, and/or loyalty), as modified by other copy effects, by its face-down status, and by “as . . . enters the battlefield” and “as . . . is turned face up” abilities that set power and toughness (and may also set additional characteristics). Other effects (including type-changing and text-changing effects), status, and counters are not copied.
-Example: Chimeric Staff is an artifact that reads â€œ{X}: Chimeric Staff becomes an X/X artifact creature until end of turn.â€ Clone is a creature that reads, â€œYou may have Clone enter the battlefield as a copy of any creature on the battlefield.â€ After a Staff has become a 5/5 artifact creature, a Clone enters the battlefield as a copy of it. The Clone is an artifact, not a 5/5 artifact creature. (The copy has the Staffâ€™s ability, however, and will become a creature if that ability is activated.)
+Example: Chimeric Staff is an artifact that reads “{X}: Chimeric Staff becomes an X/X artifact creature until end of turn.” Clone is a creature that reads, “You may have Clone enter the battlefield as a copy of any creature on the battlefield.” After a Staff has become a 5/5 artifact creature, a Clone enters the battlefield as a copy of it. The Clone is an artifact, not a 5/5 artifact creature. (The copy has the Staff’s ability, however, and will become a creature if that ability is activated.)
-Example: Clone enters the battlefield as a copy of a face-down Grinning Demon (a creature with morph {2}{B}{B}). The Clone is a colorless 2/2 creature with no name, no types, no abilities, and no mana cost. It will still be face up. Its controller canâ€™t pay {2}{B}{B} to turn it face up.
+Example: Clone enters the battlefield as a copy of a face-down Grinning Demon (a creature with morph {2}{B}{B}). The Clone is a colorless 2/2 creature with no name, no types, no abilities, and no mana cost. It will still be face up. Its controller can’t pay {2}{B}{B} to turn it face up.
-706.2a A copy acquires the color of the object itâ€™s copying because that value is derived from its mana cost or color indicator. A copy acquires the abilities of the object itâ€™s copying because those values are derived from its rules text. A copy doesnâ€™t wind up with two values of each ability (that is, it doesnâ€™t copy the objectâ€™s abilities and its rules text, then have that rules text define a new set of abilities).
+706.2a A copy acquires the color of the object it’s copying because that value is derived from its mana cost or color indicator. A copy acquires the abilities of the object it’s copying because those values are derived from its rules text. A copy doesn’t wind up with two values of each ability (that is, it doesn’t copy the object’s abilities and its rules text, then have that rules text define a new set of abilities).
-706.3. The copyâ€™s copiable values become the copied information, as modified by the copyâ€™s status (see rule 110.6). Objects that copy the object will use the new copiable values.
+706.2b Once an object has been copied, changing the copiable values of the original object won’t cause the copy to change,
-Example: Vesuvan Doppelganger reads, â€œYou may have Vesuvan Doppelganger enter the battlefield as a copy of any creature on the battlefield except it doesnâ€™t copy that creatureâ€™s color and it gains â€˜At the beginning of your upkeep, you may have this creature become a copy of target creature except it doesnâ€™t copy that creatureâ€™s color. If you do, this creature gains this ability.â€™â€ A Vesuvan Doppelganger enters the battlefield as a copy of Runeclaw Bear (a 2/2 green Bear creature with no abilities). Then a Clone enters the battlefield as a copy of the Doppelganger. The Clone is a 2/2 blue Bear named Runeclaw Bear that has the Doppelgangerâ€™s upkeep-triggered ability.
-Example: Tomoya the Revealer (a flipped flip card) becomes a copy of Nezumi Shortfang (an unflipped flip card). Tomoyaâ€™s characteristics become the characteristics of Stabwhisker the Odious, which is the flipped version of Nezumi Shortfang.
+706.2c If a static ability generates a continuous effect that’s a copy effect, the copiable values that effect grants are determined only at the time that effect first starts to apply.
-Example: A face-down Grinning Demon (a creature with morph) becomes a copy of a face-up Branchsnap Lorian (a 4/1 green creature with trample and morph {G}). The Demonâ€™s characteristics become the characteristics of Branchsnap Lorian. However, since the creature is face down, it remains a 2/2 colorless creature with no name, types, or abilities, and no mana cost. It can be turned face up for {G}. If itâ€™s turned face up, it will have the characteristics of Branchsnap Lorian.
-Example: A face-down Grinning Demon (a creature with morph) becomes a copy of Wandering Ones (a 1/1 blue Spirit creature that doesnâ€™t have morph). It will be a face-down Wandering Ones. It remains a 2/2 colorless creature with no name, types, or abilities, and no mana cost. Its controller canâ€™t turn it face up as a special action. If an effect turns it face up, it will have the characteristics of Wandering Ones.
+706.3. The copy’s copiable values become the copied information, as modified by the copy’s status (see rule 110.6). Objects that copy the object will use the new copiable values.
+Example: Vesuvan Doppelganger reads, “You may have Vesuvan Doppelganger enter the battlefield as a copy of any creature on the battlefield, except it doesn’t copy that creature’s color and it gains ‘At the beginning of your upkeep, you may have this creature become a copy of target creature, except it doesn’t copy that creature’s color. If you do, this creature gains this ability.’” A Vesuvan Doppelganger enters the battlefield as a copy of Runeclaw Bear (a 2/2 green Bear creature with no abilities). Then a Clone enters the battlefield as a copy of the Doppelganger. The Clone is a 2/2 blue Bear named Runeclaw Bear that has the Doppelganger’s upkeep-triggered ability.
-706.4. Some effects cause a permanent thatâ€™s copying a permanent to copy a different object while remaining on the battlefield. The change doesnâ€™t trigger enters-the-battlefield or leaves-the-battlefield abilities. This also doesnâ€™t change any noncopy effects presently affecting the permanent.
+Example: Tomoya the Revealer (a flipped flip card) becomes a copy of Nezumi Shortfang (an unflipped flip card). Tomoya’s characteristics become the characteristics of Stabwhisker the Odious, which is the flipped version of Nezumi Shortfang.
-Example: Unstable Shapeshifter reads, â€œWhenever a creature enters the battlefield, Unstable Shapeshifter becomes a copy of that creature and gains this ability.â€ Itâ€™s affected by Giant Growth, which reads â€œTarget creature gets +3/+3 until end of turn.â€ If a creature enters the battlefield later this turn, Unstable Shapeshifter will become a copy of that creature, but it will still get +3/+3 from the Giant Growth.
+Example: A face-down Grinning Demon (a creature with morph) becomes a copy of a face-up Branchsnap Lorian (a 4/1 green creature with trample and morph {G}). The Demon’s characteristics become the characteristics of Branchsnap Lorian. However, since the creature is face down, it remains a 2/2 colorless creature with no name, types, or abilities, and no mana cost. It can be turned face up for {G}. If it’s turned face up, it will have the characteristics of Branchsnap Lorian.
+Example: A face-down Grinning Demon (a creature with morph) becomes a copy of Wandering Ones (a 1/1 blue Spirit creature that doesn’t have morph). It will be a face-down Wandering Ones. It remains a 2/2 colorless creature with no name, types, or abilities, and no mana cost. Its controller can’t turn it face up as a special action. If an effect turns it face up, it will have the characteristics of Wandering Ones.
-706.5. An object that enters the battlefield â€œas a copyâ€ or â€œthatâ€™s a copyâ€ of another object becomes a copy as it enters the battlefield. It doesnâ€™t enter the battlefield, and then become a copy of that permanent. If the text thatâ€™s being copied includes any abilities that replace the enters-the-battlefield event (such as â€œenters the battlefield withâ€ or â€œas [this] enters the battlefieldâ€ abilities), those abilities will take effect. Also, any enters-the-battlefield triggered abilities of the copy will have a chance to trigger.
-Example: Skyshroud Behemoth reads, â€œFading 2 (This creature enters the battlefield with two fade counters on it. At the beginning of your upkeep, remove a fade counter from it. If you canâ€™t, sacrifice it.)â€ and â€œSkyshroud Behemoth enters the battlefield tapped.â€ A Clone that enters the battlefield as a copy of a Skyshroud Behemoth will also enter the battlefield tapped with two fade counters on it.
+706.4. Some effects cause a permanent that’s copying a permanent to copy a different object while remaining on the battlefield. The change doesn’t trigger enters-the-battlefield or leaves-the-battlefield abilities. This also doesn’t change any noncopy effects presently affecting the permanent.
-Example: Wall of Omens reads, â€œWhen Wall of Omens enters the battlefield, draw a card.â€ A Clone enters the battlefield as a copy of Wall of Omens. The Clone has the Wallâ€™s enters-the-battlefield triggered ability, so the Cloneâ€™s controller draws a card.
+Example: Unstable Shapeshifter reads, “Whenever a creature enters the battlefield, Unstable Shapeshifter becomes a copy of that creature and gains this ability.” It’s affected by Giant Growth, which reads “Target creature gets +3/+3 until end of turn.” If a creature enters the battlefield later this turn, Unstable Shapeshifter will become a copy of that creature, but it will still get +3/+3 from the Giant Growth.
-706.6. When copying a permanent, any choices that have been made for that permanent arenâ€™t copied. Instead, if an object enters the battlefield as a copy of another permanent, the objectâ€™s controller will get to make any â€œas [this] enters the battlefieldâ€ choices for it.
+706.5. An object that enters the battlefield “as a copy” or “that’s a copy” of another object becomes a copy as it enters the battlefield. It doesn’t enter the battlefield, and then become a copy of that permanent. If the text that’s being copied includes any abilities that replace the enters-the-battlefield event (such as “enters the battlefield with” or “as [this] enters the battlefield” abilities), those abilities will take effect. Also, any enters-the-battlefield triggered abilities of the copy will have a chance to trigger.
-Example: A Clone enters the battlefield as a copy of Adaptive Automaton. Adaptive Automaton reads, in part, â€œAs Adaptive Automaton enters the battlefield, choose a creature type.â€ The Clone wonâ€™t copy the creature type choice of the Automaton; rather, the controller of the Clone will get to make a new choice.
+Example: Skyshroud Behemoth reads, “Fading 2 (This creature enters the battlefield with two fade counters on it. At the beginning of your upkeep, remove a fade counter from it. If you can’t, sacrifice it.)” and “Skyshroud Behemoth enters the battlefield tapped.” A Clone that enters the battlefield as a copy of a Skyshroud Behemoth will also enter the battlefield tapped with two fade counters on it.
+Example: Wall of Omens reads, “When Wall of Omens enters the battlefield, draw a card.” A Clone enters the battlefield as a copy of Wall of Omens. The Clone has the Wall’s enters-the-battlefield triggered ability, so the Clone’s controller draws a card.
-706.7. If a pair of linked abilities are copied, those abilities will be similarly linked to one another on the object that copied them. One ability refers only to actions that were taken or objects that were affected by the other. They canâ€™t be linked to any other ability, regardless of what other abilities the copy may currently have or may have had in the past. See rule 607, â€œLinked Abilities.â€
+706.6. When copying a permanent, any choices that have been made for that permanent aren’t copied. Instead, if an object enters the battlefield as a copy of another permanent, the object’s controller will get to make any “as [this] enters the battlefield” choices for it.
-706.7a If an ability causes a player to â€œchoose a [value]â€ and a second, linked ability refers to that choice, the second ability is the only ability that can refer to that choice. An object doesnâ€™t â€œrememberâ€ that choice and use it for other abilities it may copy later. If an object copies an ability that refers to a choice, but either (a) doesnâ€™t copy that abilityâ€™s linked ability or (b) does copy the linked ability but no choice is made for it, then the choice is considered to be â€œundefined.â€ If an ability refers to an undefined choice, that part of the ability wonâ€™t do anything.
+Example: A Clone enters the battlefield as a copy of Adaptive Automaton. Adaptive Automaton reads, in part, “As Adaptive Automaton enters the battlefield, choose a creature type.” The Clone won’t copy the creature type choice of the Automaton; rather, the controller of the Clone will get to make a new choice.
-Example: Voice of All enters the battlefield and Unstable Shapeshifter copies it. Voice of All reads, in part, â€œAs Voice of All enters the battlefield, choose a color.â€ and â€œVoice of All has protection from the chosen color.â€ Unstable Shapeshifter never had a chance for a color to be chosen for it, because it didnâ€™t enter the battlefield as a Voice of All card, so the protection ability doesnâ€™t protect it from anything at all.
-Example: A Vesuvan Doppelganger enters the battlefield as a copy of Voice of All, and the Doppelgangerâ€™s controller chooses blue. Later, the Doppelganger copies Quirion Elves, which has the ability, â€œ{T}: Add one mana of the chosen color to your mana pool.â€ Even though a color was chosen for the Doppelganger, it wasnâ€™t chosen for the ability linked to the mana ability copied from the Elves. If that mana ability of the Doppelganger is activated, it will not produce mana.
+706.7. If a pair of linked abilities are copied, those abilities will be similarly linked to one another on the object that copied them. One ability refers only to actions that were taken or objects that were affected by the other. They can’t be linked to any other ability, regardless of what other abilities the copy may currently have or may have had in the past. See rule 607, “Linked Abilities.”
-706.8. When copying a double-faced permanent, a face-up meld card, or a melded permanent, only the copiable values of the face thatâ€™s currently up are copied. (See rule 711, â€œDouble-Faced Cards,â€ and rule 712, â€œMeld Cards.â€)
+706.7a If an ability causes a player to “choose a [value]” and a second, linked ability refers to that choice, the second ability is the only ability that can refer to that choice. An object doesn’t “remember” that choice and use it for other abilities it may copy later. If an object copies an ability that refers to a choice, but either (a) doesn’t copy that ability’s linked ability or (b) does copy the linked ability but no choice is made for it, then the choice is considered to be “undefined.” If an ability refers to an undefined choice, that part of the ability won’t do anything.
+Example: Voice of All enters the battlefield and Unstable Shapeshifter copies it. Voice of All reads, in part, “As Voice of All enters the battlefield, choose a color.” and “Voice of All has protection from the chosen color.” Unstable Shapeshifter never had a chance for a color to be chosen for it, because it didn’t enter the battlefield as a Voice of All card, so the protection ability doesn’t protect it from anything at all.
+Example: A Vesuvan Doppelganger enters the battlefield as a copy of Voice of All, and the Doppelganger’s controller chooses blue. Later, the Doppelganger copies Quirion Elves, which has the ability, “{T}: Add one mana of the chosen color.” Even though a color was chosen for the Doppelganger, it wasn’t chosen for the ability linked to the mana ability copied from the Elves. If that mana ability of the Doppelganger is activated, it will not produce mana.
+706.8. When copying a double-faced permanent, a face-up meld card, or a melded permanent, only the copiable values of the face that’s currently up are copied. (See rule 711, “Double-Faced Cards,” and rule 712, “Meld Cards.”)
 706.9. Copy effects may include modifications or exceptions to the copying process.
 706.9a Some copy effects cause the copy to gain an ability as part of the copying process. This ability becomes part of the copiable values for the copy, along with any other abilities that were copied.
-Example: Quirion Elves enters the battlefield and an Unstable Shapeshifter copies it. The copiable values of the Shapeshifter now match those of the Elves, except that the Shapeshifter also has the ability â€œWhenever a creature enters the battlefield, Unstable Shapeshifter becomes a copy of that creature and gains this ability.â€ Then a Clone enters the battlefield as a copy of the Unstable Shapeshifter. The Clone copies the new copiable values of the Shapeshifter, including the ability that the Shapeshifter gave itself when it copied the Elves.
+Example: Quirion Elves enters the battlefield and an Unstable Shapeshifter copies it. The copiable values of the Shapeshifter now match those of the Elves, except that the Shapeshifter also has the ability “Whenever a creature enters the battlefield, Unstable Shapeshifter becomes a copy of that creature and gains this ability.” Then a Clone enters the battlefield as a copy of the Unstable Shapeshifter. The Clone copies the new copiable values of the Shapeshifter, including the ability that the Shapeshifter gave itself when it copied the Elves.
-706.9b Some copy effects specifically state that they donâ€™t copy certain characteristics and instead retain their original values. These effects use the phrase â€œexcept its [characteristic] is still [value]â€ or â€œexcept itâ€™s still [value(s)].â€ They may also simply state that certain characteristics are not copied.
+706.9b Some copy effects specifically state that they don’t copy certain characteristics and instead retain their original values. They may also simply state that certain characteristics are not copied.
 706.9c Some copy effects modify a characteristic as part of the copying process. The final value(s) for that characteristic becomes part of the copiable values for the copy.
-Example: Copy Artifact is an enchantment that reads, â€œYou may have Copy Artifact enter the battlefield as a copy of any artifact on the battlefield, except itâ€™s an enchantment in addition to its other types.â€ It enters the battlefield as a copy of Juggernaut. The copiable values of the Copy Artifact now match those of Juggernaut with one modification: its types are now artifact, creature, and enchantment.
+Example: Copy Artifact is an enchantment that reads, “You may have Copy Artifact enter the battlefield as a copy of any artifact on the battlefield, except it’s an enchantment in addition to its other types.” It enters the battlefield as a copy of Juggernaut. The copiable values of the Copy Artifact now match those of Juggernaut with one modification: its types are now artifact, creature, and enchantment.
-706.9d When applying a copy effect that doesnâ€™t copy a certain characteristic, retains an original value for a certain characteristic, or modifies the final value of a certain characteristic, any characteristic-defining ability (see rule 604.3) of the object being copied that defines that characteristic is not copied. If that characteristic is color, any color indicator (see rule 204) of that object is also not copied.
+706.9d When applying a copy effect that doesn’t copy a certain characteristic, retains an original value for a certain characteristic, or modifies the final value of a certain characteristic, any characteristic-defining ability (see rule 604.3) of the object being copied that defines that characteristic is not copied. If that characteristic is color, any color indicator (see rule 204) of that object is also not copied.
-Example: Quicksilver Gargantuan is a creature that reads, â€œYou may have Quicksilver Gargantuan enter the battlefield as a copy of any creature on the battlefield, except itâ€™s still 7/7.â€ Quicksilver Gargantuan enters the battlefield as a copy of Tarmogoyf, which has a characteristic-defining ability that defines its power and toughness. Quicksilver Gargantuan does not have that ability. It will be 7/7.
+Example: Quicksilver Gargantuan is a creature that reads, “You may have Quicksilver Gargantuan enter the battlefield as a copy of any creature on the battlefield, except it’s 7/7.” Quicksilver Gargantuan enters the battlefield as a copy of Tarmogoyf, which has a characteristic-defining ability that defines its power and toughness. Quicksilver Gargantuan does not have that ability. It will be 7/7.
-706.10. To copy a spell, activated ability, or triggered ability means to put a copy of it onto the stack; a copy of a spell isnâ€™t cast and a copy of an activated ability isnâ€™t activated. A copy of a spell or ability copies both the characteristics of the spell or ability and all decisions made for it, including modes, targets, the value of X, and additional or alternative costs. (See rule 601, â€œCasting Spells.â€) Choices that are normally made on resolution are not copied. If an effect of the copy refers to objects used to pay its costs, it uses the objects used to pay the costs of the original spell or ability. A copy of a spell is owned by the player under whose control it was put on the stack. A copy of a spell or ability is controlled by the player under whose control it was put on the stack. A copy of a spell is itself a spell, even though it has no spell card associated with it. A copy of an ability is itself an ability.
+706.10. To copy a spell, activated ability, or triggered ability means to put a copy of it onto the stack; a copy of a spell isn’t cast and a copy of an activated ability isn’t activated. A copy of a spell or ability copies both the characteristics of the spell or ability and all decisions made for it, including modes, targets, the value of X, and additional or alternative costs. (See rule 601, “Casting Spells.”) Choices that are normally made on resolution are not copied. If an effect of the copy refers to objects used to pay its costs, it uses the objects used to pay the costs of the original spell or ability. A copy of a spell is owned by the player under whose control it was put on the stack. A copy of a spell or ability is controlled by the player under whose control it was put on the stack. A copy of a spell is itself a spell, even though it has no spell card associated with it. A copy of an ability is itself an ability.
-Example: A player casts Fork, targeting an Emerald Charm. Fork reads, â€œCopy target instant or sorcery spell, except that the copy is red. You may choose new targets for the copy.â€ Emerald Charm is a green instant that reads, â€œChoose one â€” Untap target permanent; or destroy target non-Aura enchantment; or target creature loses flying until end of turn.â€ When the Fork resolves, it puts a copy of the Emerald Charm on the stack except the copy is red, not green. The copy has the same mode that was chosen for the original Emerald Charm. It does not necessarily have the same target, but only because Fork allows choosing of new targets.
+Example: A player casts Fork, targeting an Emerald Charm. Fork reads, “Copy target instant or sorcery spell, except that the copy is red. You may choose new targets for the copy.” Emerald Charm is a modal green instant. When the Fork resolves, it puts a copy of the Emerald Charm on the stack except the copy is red, not green. The copy has the same mode that was chosen for the original Emerald Charm. It does not necessarily have the same target, but only because Fork allows choosing of new targets.
-Example: Fling is an instant that reads, â€œAs an additional cost to cast Fling, sacrifice a creatureâ€ and â€œFling deals damage equal to the sacrificed creatureâ€™s power to target creature or player.â€ When determining how much damage a copy of Fling deals, it checks the power of the creature sacrificed to pay for the original Fling.
+Example: Fling is an instant that reads, “As an additional cost to cast this spell, sacrifice a creature” and “Fling deals damage equal to the sacrificed creature’s power to any target.” When determining how much damage a copy of Fling deals, it checks the power of the creature sacrificed to pay for the original Fling.
 706.10a If a copy of a spell is in a zone other than the stack, it ceases to exist. If a copy of a card is in any zone other than the stack or the battlefield, it ceases to exist. These are state-based actions. See rule 704.
 706.10b A copy of an ability has the same source as the original ability. If the ability refers to its source by name, the copy refers to that same object and not to any other object with the same name. The copy is considered to be the same ability by effects that count how many times that ability has resolved during the turn.
-706.10c Some effects copy a spell or ability and state that its controller may choose new targets for the copy. The player may leave any number of the targets unchanged, even if those targets would be illegal. If the player chooses to change some or all of the targets, the new targets must be legal. Once the player has decided what the copyâ€™s targets will be, the copy is put onto the stack with those targets.
+706.10c Some effects copy a spell or ability and state that its controller may choose new targets for the copy. The player may leave any number of the targets unchanged, even if those targets would be illegal. If the player chooses to change some or all of the targets, the new targets must be legal. Once the player has decided what the copy’s targets will be, the copy is put onto the stack with those targets.
-706.10d Some effects copy a spell or ability for each player or object it â€œcould target.â€ The copies are put onto the stack with those targets in the order of their controllerâ€™s choice. If the spell or ability has more than one target, each of its targets must be the same player or object. If that player or object isnâ€™t a legal target for each instance of the word â€œtarget,â€ a copy isnâ€™t created for that player or object.
+706.10d Some effects copy a spell or ability for each player or object it “could target.” The copies are put onto the stack with those targets in the order of their controller’s choice. If the spell or ability has more than one target, each of its targets must be the same player or object. If that player or object isn’t a legal target for each instance of the word “target,” a copy isn’t created for that player or object.
+706.10e Some effects copy a spell or ability and specify a new target for the copy. If the spell or ability has more than one target, each of the copy’s targets must be that player or object. If that player or object isn’t a legal target for each instance of the word “target,” the copy isn’t created.
 706.11. If an effect refers to a permanent by name, the effect still tracks that permanent even if it changes names or becomes a copy of something else.
-Example: An Unstable Shapeshifter copies a Crazed Armodon. Crazed Armodon reads, â€œ{G}: Crazed Armodon gets +3/+0 and gains trample until end of turn. Destroy Crazed Armodon at the beginning of the next end step. Activate this ability only once each turn.â€ If this ability of the Shapeshifter is activated, the Shapeshifter will be destroyed at the beginning of the next end step, even if itâ€™s no longer a copy of Crazed Armodon at that time.
+Example: An Unstable Shapeshifter copies a Crazed Armodon. Crazed Armodon reads, “{G}: Crazed Armodon gets +3/+0 and gains trample until end of turn. Destroy Crazed Armodon at the beginning of the next end step. Activate this ability only once each turn.” If this ability of the Shapeshifter is activated, the Shapeshifter will be destroyed at the beginning of the next end step, even if it’s no longer a copy of Crazed Armodon at that time.
-706.12. An effect that instructs a player to cast a copy of an object (and not just copy a spell) follows the rules for casting spells, except that the copy is created in the same zone the object is in and then cast while another spell or ability is resolving. Casting a copy of an object follows steps 601.2aâ€“h of rule 601, â€œCasting Spells,â€ and then the copy becomes cast. Once cast, the copy is a spell on the stack, and just like any other spell it can resolve or be countered.
+706.12. An effect that instructs a player to cast a copy of an object (and not just copy a spell) follows the rules for casting spells, except that the copy is created in the same zone the object is in and then cast while another spell or ability is resolving. Casting a copy of an object follows steps 601.2a–h of rule 601, “Casting Spells,” and then the copy becomes cast. Once cast, the copy is a spell on the stack, and just like any other spell it can resolve or be countered.
 707. Face-Down Spells and Permanents
 707.1. Some cards allow spells and permanents to be face down.
-707.2. Face-down spells and face-down permanents have no characteristics other than those listed by the ability or rules that allowed the spell or permanent to be face down. Any listed characteristics are the copiable values of that objectâ€™s characteristics. (See rule 613, â€œInteraction of Continuous Effects,â€ and rule 706, â€œCopying Objects.â€)
+707.2. Face-down spells and face-down permanents have no characteristics other than those listed by the ability or rules that allowed the spell or permanent to be face down. Any listed characteristics are the copiable values of that object’s characteristics. (See rule 613, “Interaction of Continuous Effects,” and rule 706, “Copying Objects.”)
-707.2a If a face-up permanent is turned face down by a spell or ability, it becomes a 2/2 face-down creature with no text, no name, no subtypes, and no mana cost. A permanent that enters the battlefield face down that wasnâ€™t cast as a face-down spell also has these characteristics. These values are the copiable values of that objectâ€™s characteristics.
+707.2a If a face-up permanent is turned face down by a spell or ability that doesn’t list any characteristics for that object, it becomes a 2/2 face-down creature with no text, no name, no subtypes, and no mana cost. A permanent that enters the battlefield face down also has these characteristics unless otherwise specified by the effect that put it onto the battlefield face down or allowed it to be cast face down. These values are the copiable values of that object’s characteristics.
-707.3. Objects that are put onto the battlefield face down are turned face down before they enter the battlefield, so the permanentâ€™s enters-the-battlefield abilities wonâ€™t trigger (if triggered) or have any effect (if static).
+707.3. Objects that are put onto the battlefield face down are turned face down before they enter the battlefield, so the permanent’s enters-the-battlefield abilities won’t trigger (if triggered) or have any effect (if static).
-707.4. Objects that are cast face down are turned face down before they are put onto the stack, so effects that care about the characteristics of a spell will see only the face-down spellâ€™s characteristics. Any effects or prohibitions that would apply to casting an object with these characteristics (and not the face-up objectâ€™s characteristics) are applied to casting this object. The permanent the spell becomes will be a face-down permanent.
+707.4. Objects that are cast face down are turned face down before they are put onto the stack, so effects that care about the characteristics of a spell will see only the face-down spell’s characteristics. Any effects or prohibitions that would apply to casting an object with these characteristics (and not the face-up object’s characteristics) are applied to casting this object. The permanent the spell becomes will be a face-down permanent.
-707.5. At any time, you may look at a face-down spell you control on the stack or a face-down permanent you control (even if itâ€™s phased out). You canâ€™t look at face-down cards in any other zone or face-down spells or permanents controlled by another player.
+707.5. At any time, you may look at a face-down spell you control on the stack or a face-down permanent you control (even if it’s phased out). You can’t look at face-down cards in any other zone or face-down spells or permanents controlled by another player.
 707.6. If you control multiple face-down spells or face-down permanents, you must ensure at all times that your face-down spells and permanents can be easily differentiated from each other. This includes, but is not limited to, knowing what ability or rules caused the permanents to be face down, the order spells were cast, the order that face-down permanents entered the battlefield, which creature(s) attacked last turn, and any other differences between face-down spells or permanents. Common methods for distinguishing between face-down objects include using counters or dice to mark the different objects, or clearly placing those objects in order on the table.
-707.7. The ability or rules that allow a permanent to be face down may also allow the permanentâ€™s controller to turn it face up. Spells normally canâ€™t be turned face up.
+707.7. The ability or rules that allow a permanent to be face down may also allow the permanent’s controller to turn it face up. Spells normally can’t be turned face up.
-707.8. As a face-down permanent is turned face up, its copiable values revert to its normal copiable values. Any effects that have been applied to the face-down permanent still apply to the face-up permanent. Any abilities relating to the permanent entering the battlefield donâ€™t trigger and donâ€™t have any effect, because the permanent has already entered the battlefield.
+707.8. As a face-down permanent is turned face up, its copiable values revert to its normal copiable values. Any effects that have been applied to the face-down permanent still apply to the face-up permanent. Any abilities relating to the permanent entering the battlefield don’t trigger and don’t have any effect, because the permanent has already entered the battlefield.
-707.9. If a face-down permanent moves from the battlefield to any other zone, its owner must reveal it to all players as he or she moves it. If a face-down spell moves from the stack to any zone other than the battlefield, its owner must reveal it to all players as he or she moves it. If a player leaves the game, all face-down permanents and spells owned by that player must be revealed to all players. At the end of each game, all face-down permanents and spells must be revealed to all players.
+707.9. If a face-down permanent moves from the battlefield to any other zone, its owner must reveal it to all players as they move it. If a face-down spell moves from the stack to any zone other than the battlefield, its owner must reveal it to all players as they move it. If a player leaves the game, all face-down permanents and spells owned by that player must be revealed to all players. At the end of each game, all face-down permanents and spells must be revealed to all players.
 707.10. If a face-down permanent becomes a copy of another permanent, its copiable values become the copiable values of that permanent, as modified by its face-down status. Its characteristics therefore remain the same: the characteristics listed by the ability or rules that allowed it to be turned face down. However, if it is turned face up, its copiable values become the values it copied from the other permanent. See rule 706.3.
-707.11. If a face-down permanent would have an â€œAs [this permanent] is turned face up . . .â€ ability after itâ€™s turned face up, that ability is applied while that permanent is being turned face up, not afterward.
+707.11. If a face-down permanent would have an “As [this permanent] is turned face up . . .” ability after it’s turned face up, that ability is applied while that permanent is being turned face up, not afterward.
 708. Split Cards
 708.1. Split cards have two card faces on a single card. The back of a split card is the normal Magic card back.
 708.2. Although split cards have two castable halves, each split card is only one card. For example, a player who has drawn or discarded a split card has drawn or discarded one card, not two.
-708.3. A player chooses which half of a split card he or she is casting before putting it onto the stack.
+708.3. A player chooses which half of a split card they are casting before putting it onto the stack.
 708.3a Only the chosen half is evaluated to see if it can be cast. Only that half is considered to be put onto the stack.
-708.3b While on the stack, only the characteristics of the half being cast exist. The other halfâ€™s characteristics are treated as though they didnâ€™t exist.
+708.3b While on the stack, only the characteristics of the half being cast exist. The other half’s characteristics are treated as though they didn’t exist.
 708.3c An effect may create a copy of a split card and allow a player to cast the copy. That copy retains the characteristics of the two halves separated into the same two halves as the original card. (See rule 706.12.)
 708.4. In every zone except the stack, the characteristics of a split card are those of its two halves combined. This is a change from previous rules.
-708.4a Each split card has two names. If an effect instructs a player to choose a card name and the player wants to choose a split cardâ€™s name, the player must choose one of those names and not both. An object has the chosen name if one of its names is the chosen name.
+708.4a Each split card has two names. If an effect instructs a player to choose a card name and the player wants to choose a split card’s name, the player must choose one of those names and not both. An object has the chosen name if one of its names is the chosen name.
-708.4b The mana cost of a split card is the combined mana costs of its two halves. A split cardâ€™s colors and converted mana cost are determined from its combined mana cost.
+708.4b The mana cost of a split card is the combined mana costs of its two halves. A split card’s colors and converted mana cost are determined from its combined mana cost.
-Example: Assault/Batteryâ€™s mana cost is {3}{R}{G}. Itâ€™s a red and green card with a converted mana cost of 5. If you cast Assault, the resulting spell is a red spell with a converted mana cost of 1.
+Example: Assault/Battery’s mana cost is {3}{R}{G}. It’s a red and green card with a converted mana cost of 5. If you cast Assault, the resulting spell is a red spell with a converted mana cost of 1.
 708.4c A split card has each card type specified on either of its halves and each ability in the text box of each half.
-708.4d The characteristics of a fused split spell on the stack are also those of its two halves combined (see rule 702.101, â€œFuseâ€).
+708.4d The characteristics of a fused split spell on the stack are also those of its two halves combined (see rule 702.101, “Fuse”).
 709. Flip Cards
-709.1. Flip cards have a two-part card frame on a single card. The text that appears right side up on the card defines the cardâ€™s normal characteristics. Additional alternative characteristics appear upside down on the card. The back of a flip card is the normal Magic card back.
+709.1. Flip cards have a two-part card frame on a single card. The text that appears right side up on the card defines the card’s normal characteristics. Additional alternative characteristics appear upside down on the card. The back of a flip card is the normal Magic card back.
-709.1a The top half of a flip card contains the cardâ€™s normal name, text box, type line, power, and toughness. The text box usually contains an ability that causes the permanent to â€œflipâ€ if certain conditions are met.
+709.1a The top half of a flip card contains the card’s normal name, text box, type line, power, and toughness. The text box usually contains an ability that causes the permanent to “flip” if certain conditions are met.
 709.1b The bottom half of a flip card contains an alternative name, text box, type line, power, and toughness. These characteristics are used only if the permanent is on the battlefield and only if the permanent is flipped.
-709.1c A flip cardâ€™s color and mana cost donâ€™t change if the permanent is flipped. Also, any changes to it by external effects will still apply.
+709.1c A flip card’s color and mana cost don’t change if the permanent is flipped. Also, any changes to it by external effects will still apply.
-709.2. In every zone other than the battlefield, and also on the battlefield before the permanent flips, a flip card has only the normal characteristics of the card. Once a permanent is flipped, its normal name, text box, type line, power, and toughness donâ€™t apply and the alternative versions of those characteristics apply instead.
+709.2. In every zone other than the battlefield, and also on the battlefield before the permanent flips, a flip card has only the normal characteristics of the card. Once a permanent is flipped, its normal name, text box, type line, power, and toughness don’t apply and the alternative versions of those characteristics apply instead.
-Example: Akki Lavarunner is a nonlegendary creature that flips into a legendary creature named Tok-Tok, Volcano Born. An effect that says â€œSearch your library for a legendary cardâ€ canâ€™t find this flip card. An effect that says â€œLegendary creatures get +2/+2â€ doesnâ€™t affect Akki Lavarunner, but it does affect Tok-Tok.
+Example: Akki Lavarunner is a nonlegendary creature that flips into a legendary creature named Tok-Tok, Volcano Born. An effect that says “Search your library for a legendary card” can’t find this flip card. An effect that says “Legendary creatures get +2/+2” doesn’t affect Akki Lavarunner, but it does affect Tok-Tok.
-709.3. You must ensure that itâ€™s clear at all times whether a permanent you control is flipped or not, both when itâ€™s untapped and when itâ€™s tapped. Common methods for distinguishing between flipped and unflipped permanents include using coins or dice to mark flipped objects.
+709.3. You must ensure that it’s clear at all times whether a permanent you control is flipped or not, both when it’s untapped and when it’s tapped. Common methods for distinguishing between flipped and unflipped permanents include using coins or dice to mark flipped objects.
-709.4. Flipping a permanent is a one-way process. Once a permanent is flipped, itâ€™s impossible for it to become unflipped. However, if a flipped permanent leaves the battlefield, it retains no memory of its status. See rule 110.6.
+709.4. Flipping a permanent is a one-way process. Once a permanent is flipped, it’s impossible for it to become unflipped. However, if a flipped permanent leaves the battlefield, it retains no memory of its status. See rule 110.6.
-709.5. If an effect instructs a player to choose a card name and the player wants to choose a flip cardâ€™s alternative name, the player may do so.
+709.5. If an effect instructs a player to choose a card name and the player wants to choose a flip card’s alternative name, the player may do so.
 710. Leveler Cards
 710.1. Each leveler card has a striated text box and three power/toughness boxes. The text box of a leveler card contains two level symbols.
-710.2. A level symbol is a keyword ability that represents a static ability. The level symbol includes either a range of numbers, indicated here as â€œN1-N2,â€ or a single number followed by a plus sign, indicated here as â€œN3+.â€ Any abilities printed within the same text box striation as a level symbol are part of its static ability. The same is true of the power/toughness box printed within that striation, indicated here as â€œ[P/T].â€
+710.2. A level symbol is a keyword ability that represents a static ability. The level symbol includes either a range of numbers, indicated here as “N1-N2,” or a single number followed by a plus sign, indicated here as “N3+.” Any abilities printed within the same text box striation as a level symbol are part of its static ability. The same is true of the power/toughness box printed within that striation, indicated here as “[P/T].”
-710.2a â€œ{LEVEL N1-N2} [Abilities] [P/T]â€ means â€œAs long as this creature has at least N1 level counters on it, but no more than N2 level counters on it, it has base power and toughness [P/T] and has [abilities].â€
+710.2a “{LEVEL N1-N2} [Abilities] [P/T]” means “As long as this creature has at least N1 level counters on it, but no more than N2 level counters on it, it has base power and toughness [P/T] and has [abilities].”
-710.2b â€œ{LEVEL N3+} [Abilities] [P/T]â€ means â€œAs long as this creature has N3 or more level counters on it, it has base power and toughness [P/T] and has [abilities].â€
+710.2b “{LEVEL N3+} [Abilities] [P/T]” means “As long as this creature has N3 or more level counters on it, it has base power and toughness [P/T] and has [abilities].”
 710.3. The text box striations have no game significance other than clearly demarcating which abilities and which power/toughness box are associated with which level symbol. Leveler cards each contain only one text box.
-710.4. Any ability a leveler card has that isnâ€™t preceded by a level symbol is treated normally. In particular, each leveler permanent has its level up ability (see rule 702.86) at all times; it may be activated regardless of how many level counters are on that permanent.
+710.4. Any ability a leveler card has that isn’t preceded by a level symbol is treated normally. In particular, each leveler permanent has its level up ability (see rule 702.86) at all times; it may be activated regardless of how many level counters are on that permanent.
 710.5. If the number of level counters on a leveler creature is less than N1 (the first number printed in its {LEVEL N1-N2} symbol), it has the power and toughness denoted by its uppermost power/toughness box.
 710.6. In every zone other than the battlefield, a leveler card has the power and toughness denoted by its uppermost power/toughness box.
 711. Double-Faced Cards
-711.1. A double-faced card has a Magic card face on each side rather than a Magic card face on one side and a Magic card back on the other. Each face may have abilities that allow the card to â€œtransform,â€ or turn over to its other face. Tokens and cards with a Magic card back canâ€™t transform. (See rule 701.26, â€œTransform.â€)
+711.1. A double-faced card has a Magic card face on each side rather than a Magic card face on one side and a Magic card back on the other. Each face may have abilities that allow the card to “transform,” or turn over to its other face. Tokens and cards with a Magic card back can’t transform. (See rule 701.27, “Transform.”)
-711.1a A double-faced cardâ€™s front face is marked by a front-face symbol in its upper left corner. On Magic Origins double-faced cards, the front-face symbol is a modified Planeswalker icon. On cards in the Innistrad block and Shadows over Innistrad set, as well as on Ulrich of the Krallenhorde in the Eldritch Moon set, the front-face symbol is a sun. On other Eldritch Moon double-faced cards, the front-face symbol is a full moon. On Ixalan cards, the front-face symbol is a compass rose.
+711.1a A double-faced card’s front face is marked by a front-face symbol in its upper left corner. On Magic Origins and Core Set 2019 double-faced cards, the front-face symbol is a modified Planeswalker icon. On cards in the Innistrad block and Shadows over Innistrad set, as well as on Ulrich of the Krallenhorde in the Eldritch Moon set, the front-face symbol is a sun. On other Eldritch Moon double-faced cards, the front-face symbol is a full moon. On Ixalan cards, the front-face symbol is a compass rose.
-711.1b A double-faced cardâ€™s back face is marked by a back-face symbol in its upper left corner. On Magic Origins double-faced cards, the back-face symbol is a full Planeswalker icon. On cards in the Innistrad block and Shadows over Innistrad set, as well as on Ulrich, Uncontested Alpha in the Eldritch Moon set, the back-face symbol is a crescent moon. On other Eldritch Moon double-faced cards, the back-face symbol is a stylized image of Emrakul. On Ixalan cards, the back-face symbol is a land icon.
+711.1b A double-faced card’s back face is marked by a back-face symbol in its upper left corner. On Magic Origins and Core Set 2019 double-faced cards, the back-face symbol is a full Planeswalker icon. On cards in the Innistrad block and Shadows over Innistrad set, as well as on Ulrich, Uncontested Alpha in the Eldritch Moon set, the back-face symbol is a crescent moon. On other Eldritch Moon double-faced cards, the back-face symbol is a stylized image of Emrakul. On Ixalan cards, the back-face symbol is a land icon.
-711.1c If the back face of a double-faced card is a creature, the front face of that card will have the back faceâ€™s power and toughness printed in gray above the power and toughness box. This is reminder text and has no effect on game play.
+711.1c If the back face of a double-faced card is a creature, the front face of that card will have the back face’s power and toughness printed in gray above the power and toughness box. This is reminder text and has no effect on game play.
-711.1d Meld cards have a Magic card face on one side and half of an oversized Magic card face on the other. These arenâ€™t double-faced cards and are subject to their own set of rules. See rule 712, â€œMeld Cards.â€
+711.1d Meld cards have a Magic card face on one side and half of an oversized Magic card face on the other. These aren’t double-faced cards and are subject to their own set of rules. See rule 712, “Meld Cards.”
 711.2. Players who are allowed to look at a double-faced card may look at both faces.
 711.3. Players must ensure that double-faced cards in hidden zones are indistinguishable from other cards in the same zone. To do this, the owner of a double-faced card may use completely opaque card sleeves or substitute a checklist card (see rule 713). Sanctioned tournaments have additional rules for playing with double-faced cards. See rule 100.6.
 711.4. Each face of a double-faced card has its own set of characteristics.
 711.4a While a double-faced card is outside the game, in a zone other than the battlefield, or on the battlefield with its front face up, it has only the characteristics of its front face.
-711.4b While a double-faced permanentâ€™s back face is up, it has only the characteristics of its back face. However, its converted mana cost is calculated using the mana cost of its front face. If a permanent is copying the back face of a double-faced card (even if the card representing that copy is itself a double-faced card), the converted mana cost of that permanent is 0.
+711.4b While a double-faced permanent’s back face is up, it has only the characteristics of its back face. However, its converted mana cost is calculated using the mana cost of its front face. If a permanent is copying the back face of a double-faced card (even if the card representing that copy is itself a double-faced card), the converted mana cost of that permanent is 0.
-711.5. Only permanents represented by double-faced cards can transform. (See rule 701.26, â€œTransform.â€) If a spell or ability instructs a player to transform any permanent that isnâ€™t represented by a double-faced card, nothing happens.
+711.5. Only permanents represented by double-faced cards can transform. (See rule 701.27, “Transform.”) If a spell or ability instructs a player to transform any permanent that isn’t represented by a double-faced card, nothing happens.
-Example: A Clone enters the battlefield as a copy of Wildblood Pack (the back face of a double-faced card). The Clone will be a copy of the Wildblood Pack. Because the Clone is itself not a double-faced card, it canâ€™t transform.
+Example: A Clone enters the battlefield as a copy of Wildblood Pack (the back face of a double-faced card). The Clone will be a copy of the Wildblood Pack. Because the Clone is itself not a double-faced card, it can’t transform.
-Example: A player casts Cytoshape, causing a Kruin Outlaw (the front face of a double-faced card) to become a copy of Elite Vanguard (a 2/1 Human Soldier creature) until end of turn. The player then casts Moonmist, which reads, in part, â€œTransform all Humans.â€ Because the copy of Elite Vanguard is a double-faced card, it will transform. The resulting permanent will have its back face up, but it will still be a copy of Elite Vanguard that turn.
+Example: A player casts Cytoshape, causing a Kruin Outlaw (the front face of a double-faced card) to become a copy of Elite Vanguard (a 2/1 Human Soldier creature) until end of turn. The player then casts Moonmist, which reads, in part, “Transform all Humans.” Because the copy of Elite Vanguard is a double-faced card, it will transform. The resulting permanent will have its back face up, but it will still be a copy of Elite Vanguard that turn.
 711.6. If a spell or ability instructs a player to transform a permanent, and the face that permanent would transform into is represented by an instant or sorcery card face, nothing happens.
-711.7. If a double-faced card is cast as a spell, itâ€™s put on the stack with its front face up. See rule 601, â€œCasting Spells.â€
+711.7. If a double-faced card is cast as a spell, it’s put on the stack with its front face up. See rule 601, “Casting Spells.”
-711.8. A double-faced card enters the battlefield with its front face up by default. If a spell or ability puts it onto the battlefield â€œtransformed,â€ it enters the battlefield with its back face up.
+711.8. A double-faced card enters the battlefield with its front face up by default. If a spell or ability puts it onto the battlefield “transformed,” it enters the battlefield with its back face up.
-711.8a If a player is instructed to put a card that isnâ€™t a double-faced card onto the battlefield transformed, that card stays in its current zone.
+711.8a If a player is instructed to put a card that isn’t a double-faced card onto the battlefield transformed, that card stays in its current zone.
-711.9. If an effect allows a player to cast a double-faced card as a face-down creature spell, or if a double-faced card enters the battlefield face down, it will have the characteristics given to it by the rule or effect that caused it to be face down. That card remains hidden, using either a face-down checklist card or opaque sleeves. See rule 707, â€œFace-Down Spells and Permanents.â€
+711.9. If an effect allows a player to cast a double-faced card as a face-down creature spell, or if a double-faced card enters the battlefield face down, it will have the characteristics given to it by the rule or effect that caused it to be face down. That card remains hidden, using either a face-down checklist card or opaque sleeves. See rule 707, “Face-Down Spells and Permanents.”
-711.9a While face down, a double-faced permanent canâ€™t transform. If it is turned face up, it will have its front face up.
+711.9a While face down, a double-faced permanent can’t transform. If it is turned face up, it will have its front face up.
-711.10. Double-faced permanents canâ€™t be turned face down. If a spell or ability tries to turn a double-faced permanent face down, nothing happens.
+711.10. Double-faced permanents can’t be turned face down. If a spell or ability tries to turn a double-faced permanent face down, nothing happens.
-711.11. A double-faced card that is exiled face down remains hidden, using either a face-down checklist card or opaque sleeves. See rule 713, â€œChecklist Cards.â€
+711.11. A double-faced card that is exiled face down remains hidden, using either a face-down checklist card or opaque sleeves. See rule 713, “Checklist Cards.”
-711.12. When a double-faced permanent transforms, it doesnâ€™t become a new object. Any effects that applied to that permanent will continue to apply to it after it transforms.
+711.12. When a double-faced permanent transforms, it doesn’t become a new object. Any effects that applied to that permanent will continue to apply to it after it transforms.
 Example: An effect gives Village Ironsmith (the front face of a double-faced card) +2/+2 until end of turn and then Village Ironsmith transforms into Ironfang. Ironfang will continue to get +2/+2 until end of turn.
 711.13. If an effect instructs a player to choose a card name, the player may name either face of a double-faced card but not both.
 712. Meld Cards
-712.1. A meld card has a Magic card face on one side and half of an oversized Magic card face on the other. It doesnâ€™t have a Magic card back.
+712.1. A meld card has a Magic card face on one side and half of an oversized Magic card face on the other. It doesn’t have a Magic card back.
 712.1a There are three specific meld pairs. Each meld pair consists of two specific cards whose back faces combine to form one oversized Magic card face: Midnight Scavengers and Graf Rats meld to form Chittering Host; Hanweir Garrison and Hanweir Battlements meld to form Hanweir, the Writhing Township; and Bruna, the Fading Light and Gisela, the Broken Blade meld to form Brisela, Voice of Nightmares.
-712.1b A meld card isnâ€™t a double-faced card. It canâ€™t transform or enter the battlefield transformed. (See rule 711, â€œDouble-Faced Cards.â€)
+712.1b A meld card isn’t a double-faced card. It can’t transform or enter the battlefield transformed. (See rule 711, “Double-Faced Cards.”)
-712.2. One card in each meld pair has an ability that exiles both that object and its counterpart and melds them. To meld the two cards in a meld pair, put them onto the battlefield with their back faces up and combined (see rule 701.35, â€œMeldâ€). The resulting permanent is a single object represented by two cards.
+712.2. One card in each meld pair has an ability that exiles both that object and its counterpart and melds them. To meld the two cards in a meld pair, put them onto the battlefield with their back faces up and combined (see rule 701.36, “Meld”). The resulting permanent is a single object represented by two cards.
 712.3. The front face of each meld card and the combined face formed by a meld pair each has its own set of characteristics.
 712.3a While a meld card is outside the game, in a zone other than the battlefield, or on the battlefield with its front face up, it has only the characteristics of its front face.
 712.3b While the two cards of a meld pair are on the battlefield as a melded permanent, the object represented by those cards has only the characteristics of the combined back face, and its converted mana cost is the sum of the converted mana costs of its front faces. If a permanent is copying a melded permanent, the converted mana cost of the copy is 0. See rule 202.3c.
 712.3c Anything that needs information about a meld card or a melded permanent sees only the information given by the face that is currently up.
-Example: A Clone enters the battlefield as a copy of Chittering Host (the combined back face of a meld pair). It has the characteristics of Chittering Host, even though the object it becomes is represented by only a single card, and its convered mana cost is 0.
+Example: A Clone enters the battlefield as a copy of Chittering Host (the combined back face of a meld pair). It has the characteristics of Chittering Host, even though the object it becomes is represented by only a single card, and its converted mana cost is 0.
 712.4. If a melded permanent leaves the battlefield, one permanent leaves the battlefield and two cards are put into the appropriate zone.
-Example: Chittering Host, a melded permanent, dies. An ability that triggers â€œwhenever a creature diesâ€ triggers once. An ability that triggers â€œwhenever a card is put into a graveyard from anywhereâ€ triggers twice.
+Example: Chittering Host, a melded permanent, dies. An ability that triggers “whenever a creature dies” triggers once. An ability that triggers “whenever a card is put into a graveyard from anywhere” triggers twice.
-712.4a If a melded permanent is put into its ownerâ€™s graveyard or library, that player may arrange the two cards in any order. If itâ€™s put into its ownerâ€™s library, that player doesnâ€™t reveal the order.
+712.4a If a melded permanent is put into its owner’s graveyard or library, that player may arrange the two cards in any order. If it’s put into its owner’s library, that player doesn’t reveal the order.
 712.4b If a player exiles a melded permanent, that player determines the relative timestamp order of the two cards at that time. This is an exception to the procedure described in rule 613.6j.
-Example: Duplicant is a card with the abilities â€œWhen Duplicant enters the battlefield, you may exile target nontoken creatureâ€ and â€œAs long as a card exiled with Duplicant is a creature card, Duplicant has the power, toughness, and creature types of the last creature card exiled with Duplicant. Itâ€™s still a Shapeshifter.â€ As Duplicantâ€™s first ability exiles Chittering Host, a melded permanent, Duplicantâ€™s controller chooses whether the last creature card exiled is Midnight Scavengers or Graf Rats.
+Example: Duplicant is a card with the abilities “When Duplicant enters the battlefield, you may exile target nontoken creature” and “As long as a card exiled with Duplicant is a creature card, Duplicant has the power, toughness, and creature types of the last creature card exiled with Duplicant. It’s still a Shapeshifter.” As Duplicant’s first ability exiles Chittering Host, a melded permanent, Duplicant’s controller chooses whether the last creature card exiled is Midnight Scavengers or Graf Rats.
 712.4c If an effect can find the new object that a melded permanent becomes as it leaves the battlefield, it finds both cards. (See rule 400.7.) If that effect causes actions to be taken upon those cards, the same actions are taken upon each of them.
-Example: Otherworldly Journey is an instant that reads â€œExile target creature. At the beginning of the next end step, return that card to the battlefield under its ownerâ€™s control with a +1/+1 counter on it.â€ A player casts Otherworldly Journey targeting Chittering Host, a melded permanent. Chittering Host is exiled. At the beginning of the next end step, Midnight Scavengers and Graf Rats are both returned to the battlefield, each with a +1/+1 counter on it.
+Example: Otherworldly Journey is an instant that reads “Exile target creature. At the beginning of the next end step, return that card to the battlefield under its owner’s control with a +1/+1 counter on it.” A player casts Otherworldly Journey targeting Chittering Host, a melded permanent. Chittering Host is exiled. At the beginning of the next end step, Midnight Scavengers and Graf Rats are both returned to the battlefield, each with a +1/+1 counter on it.
-Example: False Demise is an Aura with the ability â€œWhen enchanted creature dies, return that card to the battlefield under your control.â€ A Chittering Host enchanted by False Demise dies. The triggered ability returns both Midnight Scavengers and Graf Rats to the battlefield.
+Example: False Demise is an Aura with the ability “When enchanted creature dies, return that card to the battlefield under your control.” A Chittering Host enchanted by False Demise dies. The triggered ability returns both Midnight Scavengers and Graf Rats to the battlefield.
-Example: Mimic Vat is an artifact that reads, in part, â€œWhenever a nontoken creature dies, you may exile that card.â€ A Chittering Host dies. As Mimic Vatâ€™s triggered ability resolves, its controller makes a single choice and both cards that represented Chittering Host are either exiled or not.
+Example: Mimic Vat is an artifact that reads, in part, “Whenever a nontoken creature dies, you may exile that card.” A Chittering Host dies. As Mimic Vat’s triggered ability resolves, its controller makes a single choice and both cards that represented Chittering Host are either exiled or not.
 712.4d If multiple replacement effects could be applied to the event of a melded permanent leaving the battlefield or being put into the new zone, applying one of those replacement effects to one of the two cards affects both cards. If the melded permanent is a commander, it may be exempt from this rule; see rule 903.9a.
-Example: Leyline of the Void is an enchantment that reads, in part, â€œIf a card would be put into an opponentâ€™s graveyard from anywhere, exile it instead.â€ Wheel of Sun and Moon is an Aura with enchant player and the ability â€œIf a card would be put into enchanted playerâ€™s graveyard from anywhere, instead that card is revealed and put on the bottom of its ownerâ€™s library.â€ If the controller of Chittering Host is affected by both cardsâ€™ effects, that player chooses one effect to apply to the event and Midnight Scavengers and Graf Rats are both moved to the appropriate zone.
+Example: Leyline of the Void is an enchantment that reads, in part, “If a card would be put into an opponent’s graveyard from anywhere, exile it instead.” Wheel of Sun and Moon is an Aura with enchant player and the ability “If a card would be put into enchanted player’s graveyard from anywhere, instead that card is revealed and put on the bottom of its owner’s library.” If the controller of Chittering Host is affected by both cards’ effects, that player chooses one effect to apply to the event and Midnight Scavengers and Graf Rats are both moved to the appropriate zone.
 712.4e If an effect needs to know the number of objects that changed zones, a melded permanent among those objects counts as one object that moved. If the effect needs to know the number of cards that changed zones, that melded permanent counts as two cards that moved.
 712.5. Players who are allowed to look at a meld card may look at its half of the combined back face. Players may access Oracle text for the other member of the meld pair and the combined face at any time (see rule 108.1).
-712.6. Meld cards in a playerâ€™s deck may be represented by checklist cards. See rule 713, â€œChecklist Cards.â€
+712.6. Meld cards in a player’s deck may be represented by checklist cards. See rule 713, “Checklist Cards.”
-712.7. If a meld card is cast as a spell, itâ€™s put on the stack with its front face up. See rule 601, â€œCasting Spells.â€
+712.7. If a meld card is cast as a spell, it’s put on the stack with its front face up. See rule 601, “Casting Spells.”
-712.8. A meld card enters the battlefield with its front face up unless itâ€™s being melded with its counterpart.
+712.8. A meld card enters the battlefield with its front face up unless it’s being melded with its counterpart.
-712.9. If an effect allows a player to cast a meld card as a face-down spell, or if a meld card enters the battlefield face down, it will have the characteristics given to it by the rule or effect that caused it to be face down. That card remains hidden, using either a face-down checklist card or opaque sleeves. See rule 707, â€œFace-Down Spells and Permanents.â€
+712.9. If an effect allows a player to cast a meld card as a face-down spell, or if a meld card enters the battlefield face down, it will have the characteristics given to it by the rule or effect that caused it to be face down. That card remains hidden, using either a face-down checklist card or opaque sleeves. See rule 707, “Face-Down Spells and Permanents.”
-712.10. Meld cards on the battlefield and melded permanents canâ€™t be turned face down. If a spell or ability tries to turn such a permanent face down, nothing happens.
+712.10. Meld cards on the battlefield and melded permanents can’t be turned face down. If a spell or ability tries to turn such a permanent face down, nothing happens.
 712.11. If an effect instructs a player to choose a card name, the player may choose the name of a front face of a meld card or the combined back face of a meld pair.
 713. Checklist Cards
 713.1. A checklist card is a game supplement that can be used to represent a double-faced card or meld card.
 713.2. A checklist card has a normal Magic card back. The face of a checklist card is divided into sections. Each section lists the name and mana cost of each double-faced card or meld card it could represent and includes a fill-in circle. Before a checklist card can be used, exactly one of the fill-in circles must be marked to denote which card the checklist card represents.
-713.3. If a checklist card is used in a deck, the card it represents is set aside prior to the beginning of the game (see rule 103.1a) and must remain available throughout the game. A checklist card canâ€™t be included in a deck unless it is representing a double-faced card or a meld card.
+713.3. If a checklist card is used in a deck, the card it represents is set aside prior to the beginning of the game (see rule 103.1a) and must remain available throughout the game. A checklist card can’t be included in a deck unless it is representing a double-faced card or a meld card.
-713.4. For all game purposes, the checklist card is considered to be the card itâ€™s representing.
+713.4. For all game purposes, the checklist card is considered to be the card it’s representing.
 713.5. If the checklist card is face up in a public zone, it should be set aside and the double-faced card or meld card that it represents should be used instead.
-714. Controlling Another Player
+714. Saga Cards
-714.1. Some cards allow a player to control another player during that playerâ€™s next turn. This effect applies to the next turn that the affected player actually takes. The affected player is controlled during the entire turn; the effect doesnâ€™t end until the beginning of the next turn.
+714.1. Each Saga card has a striated text box containing a number of chapter symbols. Its illustration is vertically oriented on the right side of the card, and its type line is along the bottom of the card.
-714.1a Multiple player-controlling effects that affect the same player overwrite each other. The last one to be created is the one that works.
+714.2. A chapter symbol is a keyword ability that represents a triggered ability referred to as a chapter ability.
-714.1b If a turn is skipped, any pending player-controlling effects wait until the player who would be affected actually takes a turn.
+714.2a A chapter symbol includes a Roman numeral, indicated here as “{rN}.” The numeral I represents 1, II represents 2, and III represents 3.
-714.2. One card (Word of Command) allows a player to control another player for a limited duration.
+714.2b “{rN}—[Effect]” means “When one or more lore counters are put onto this Saga, if the number of lore counters on it was less than N and became at least N, [effect].”
-714.3. Only control of the player changes. All objects are controlled by their normal controllers. A player whoâ€™s being controlled during his or her turn is still the active player.
+714.2c “{rN1}, {rN2}—[Effect]” means the same as “{rN1}—[Effect]” and “{rN2}—[Effect].”
-714.4. If information about an object in the game would be visible to the player being controlled, itâ€™s visible to both that player and the controller of the player. If information about cards outside the game would be visible to the player being controlled, itâ€™s visible only to that player, not the controller of the player.
+714.2d A Saga’s final chapter number is the greatest value among chapter abilities it has. If a Saga somehow has no chapter abilities, its final chapter number is 0.
-Example: The controller of a player can see that playerâ€™s hand and the face of any face-down creatures he or she controls.
+714.3. Sagas use lore counters to track their progress.
-714.5. While controlling another player, a player makes all choices and decisions the controlled player is allowed to make or is told to make by the rules or by any objects. This includes choices and decisions about what to play, and choices and decisions called for by spells and abilities.
+714.3a As a Saga enters the battlefield, its controller puts a lore counter it.
+714.3b As a player’s precombat main phase begins, that player puts a lore counter on each Saga they control. This turn-based action doesn’t use the stack.
+714.4. If the number of lore counters on a Saga permanent is greater than or equal to its final chapter number, and it isn’t the source of a chapter ability that has triggered but not yet left the stack, that Saga’s controller sacrifices it. This state-based action doesn’t use the stack.
+715. Controlling Another Player
+715.1. Some cards allow a player to control another player during that player’s next turn. This effect applies to the next turn that the affected player actually takes. The affected player is controlled during the entire turn; the effect doesn’t end until the beginning of the next turn.
+715.1a Multiple player-controlling effects that affect the same player overwrite each other. The last one to be created is the one that works.
+715.1b If a turn is skipped, any pending player-controlling effects wait until the player who would be affected actually takes a turn.
+715.2. One card (Word of Command) allows a player to control another player for a limited duration.
+715.3. Only control of the player changes. All objects are controlled by their normal controllers. A player who’s being controlled during their turn is still the active player.
+715.4. If information about an object in the game would be visible to the player being controlled, it’s visible to both that player and the controller of the player. If information about cards outside the game would be visible to the player being controlled, it’s visible only to that player, not the controller of the player.
+Example: The controller of a player can see that player’s hand and the face of any face-down creatures they control.
+715.5. While controlling another player, a player makes all choices and decisions the controlled player is allowed to make or is told to make by the rules or by any objects. This includes choices and decisions about what to play, and choices and decisions called for by spells and abilities.
 Example: The controller of another player decides which spells that player casts and what those spells target, and makes any required decisions when those spells resolve.
-Example: The controller of another player during his or her turn decides which of that playerâ€™s creatures attack, which player or planeswalker each one attacks, what the damage assignment order of the creatures that block them is (if any of the attacking creatures are blocked by multiple creatures), and how those attacking creatures assign their combat damage.
+Example: The controller of another player decides which of that player’s creatures attack, which player or planeswalker each one attacks, what the damage assignment order of the creatures that block them is (if any of the attacking creatures are blocked by multiple creatures), and how those attacking creatures assign their combat damage.
-714.5a The controller of another player can use only that playerâ€™s resources (cards, mana, and so on) to pay costs for that player.
+715.5a The controller of another player can use only that player’s resources (cards, mana, and so on) to pay costs for that player.
-Example: If the controller of a player decides that the controlled player will cast a spell with an additional cost of discarding cards, the cards are discarded from the controlled playerâ€™s hand.
+Example: If the controller of a player decides that the controlled player will cast a spell with an additional cost of discarding cards, the cards are discarded from the controlled player’s hand.
-714.5b The controller of another player canâ€™t make choices or decisions for that player that arenâ€™t called for by the rules or by any objects. The controller also canâ€™t make any choices or decisions for the player that would be called for by the tournament rules.
+715.5b The controller of another player can’t make choices or decisions for that player that aren’t called for by the rules or by any objects. The controller also can’t make any choices or decisions for the player that would be called for by the tournament rules.
-Example: The player whoâ€™s being controlled still chooses whether he or she leaves to visit the restroom, trades a card to someone else, agrees to an intentional draw, or calls a judge about an error or infraction.
+Example: The player who’s being controlled still decides if they will leave to visit the restroom, trade a card to someone else, agree to an intentional draw, or call a judge about an error or infraction.
-714.6. The controller of another player canâ€™t make that player concede. A player may concede the game at any time, even if he or she is controlled by another player. See rule 104.3a.
+715.6. The controller of another player can’t make that player concede. A player may concede the game at any time, even if they are controlled by another player. See rule 104.3a.
-714.7. The effect that gives control of a player to another player may restrict the actions the controlled player is allowed to take or specify actions that the controlled player must take.
+715.7. The effect that gives control of a player to another player may restrict the actions the controlled player is allowed to take or specify actions that the controlled player must take.
-714.8. A player who controls another player also continues to make his or her own choices and decisions.
+715.8. A player who controls another player also continues to make their own choices and decisions.
-714.9. A player may gain control of himself or herself. That player will make his or her own decisions and choices as normal.
+715.9. A player may gain control of themselves. That player will make their own decisions and choices as normal.
-715. Ending the Turn
+716. Ending the Turn
-715.1. Some cards end the turn. When an effect ends the turn, follow these steps in order, as they differ from the normal process for resolving spells and abilities (see rule 608, â€œResolving Spells and Abilitiesâ€).
+716.1. Some cards end the turn. When an effect ends the turn, follow these steps in order, as they differ from the normal process for resolving spells and abilities (see rule 608, “Resolving Spells and Abilities”).
-715.1a If there are any triggered abilities that triggered before this process began but havenâ€™t been put onto the stack yet, those abilities cease to exist. They wonâ€™t be put onto the stack. This rule does not apply to abilities that trigger during this process (see rule 715.2).
+716.1a If there are any triggered abilities that triggered before this process began but haven’t been put onto the stack yet, those abilities cease to exist. They won’t be put onto the stack. This rule does not apply to abilities that trigger during this process (see rule 716.2).
-715.1b Exile every object on the stack, including the object thatâ€™s resolving. Remove all creatures and planeswalkers from combat. All objects not on the battlefield or in the command zone that arenâ€™t represented by cards will cease to exist the next time state-based actions are checked (see rule 704, â€œState-Based Actionsâ€).
+716.1b Exile every object on the stack, including the object that’s resolving. Remove all creatures and planeswalkers from combat. All objects not on the battlefield or in the command zone that aren’t represented by cards will cease to exist the next time state-based actions are checked (see rule 704, “State-Based Actions”).
-715.1c Check state-based actions. No player gets priority, and no triggered abilities are put onto the stack.
+716.1c Check state-based actions. No player gets priority, and no triggered abilities are put onto the stack.
-715.1d The current phase and/or step ends. The game skips straight to the cleanup step; skip any phases or steps between this phase or step and the cleanup step. If an effect ends the turn during the cleanup step, a new cleanup step begins.
+716.1d The current phase and/or step ends. The game skips straight to the cleanup step; skip any phases or steps between this phase or step and the cleanup step. If an effect ends the turn during the cleanup step, a new cleanup step begins.
-715.2. No player gets priority during this process, so triggered abilities are not put onto the stack. If any triggered abilities have triggered since this process began, those abilities are put onto the stack during the cleanup step, then the active player gets priority and players can cast spells and activate abilities. Then there will be another cleanup step before the turn finally ends. If no triggered abilities have triggered during this process, no player gets priority during the cleanup step. See rule 514, â€œCleanup Step.â€
+716.2. No player gets priority during this process, so triggered abilities are not put onto the stack. If any triggered abilities have triggered since this process began, those abilities are put onto the stack during the cleanup step, then the active player gets priority and players can cast spells and activate abilities. Then there will be another cleanup step before the turn finally ends. If no triggered abilities have triggered during this process, no player gets priority during the cleanup step. See rule 514, “Cleanup Step.”
-715.3. Even though the turn ends, â€œat the beginning of the end stepâ€ triggered abilities donâ€™t trigger because the end step is skipped.
+716.3. Even though the turn ends, “at the beginning of the end step” triggered abilities don’t trigger because the end step is skipped.
-716. The Monarch
+717. The Monarch
-716.1. The monarch is a designation a player can have. There is no monarch in a game until an effect instructs a player to become the monarch.
+717.1. The monarch is a designation a player can have. There is no monarch in a game until an effect instructs a player to become the monarch.
-716.2. There are two inherent triggered abilities associated with being the monarch. These triggered abilities have no source and are controlled by the player who was the monarch at the time the abilities triggered. This is an exception to rule 112.8. The full texts of these abilities are â€œAt the beginning of the monarchâ€™s end step, that player draws a cardâ€ and â€œWhenever a creature deals combat damage to the monarch, its controller becomes the monarch.â€
+717.2. There are two inherent triggered abilities associated with being the monarch. These triggered abilities have no source and are controlled by the player who was the monarch at the time the abilities triggered. This is an exception to rule 112.8. The full texts of these abilities are “At the beginning of the monarch’s end step, that player draws a card” and “Whenever a creature deals combat damage to the monarch, its controller becomes the monarch.”
-716.3. Only one player can be the monarch at a time. As a player becomes the monarch, the current monarch ceases to be the monarch.
+717.3. Only one player can be the monarch at a time. As a player becomes the monarch, the current monarch ceases to be the monarch.
-716.4. If the monarch leaves the game, the active player becomes the monarch at the same time as that player leaves the game. If the active player is leaving the game or if there is no active player, the next player in turn order becomes the monarch.
+717.4. If the monarch leaves the game, the active player becomes the monarch at the same time as that player leaves the game. If the active player is leaving the game or if there is no active player, the next player in turn order becomes the monarch.
-717. Restarting the Game
+718. Restarting the Game
-717.1. One card (Karn Liberated) restarts the game. A game that is restarted immediately ends. No players in that game win, lose, or draw that game. All players in that game when it ended then start a new game following the procedures set forth in rule 103, â€œStarting the Game,â€ with the following exception:
+718.1. One card (Karn Liberated) restarts the game. A game that is restarted immediately ends. No players in that game win, lose, or draw that game. All players in that game when it ended then start a new game following the procedures set forth in rule 103, “Starting the Game,” with the following exception:
-717.1a The starting player in the new game is the player who controlled the spell or ability that restarted the game.
+718.1a The starting player in the new game is the player who controlled the spell or ability that restarted the game.
-717.2. All Magic cards involved in the game that was restarted when it ended, including phased-out permanents and nontraditional Magic cards, are involved in the new game, even if those cards were not originally involved in the restarted game. Ownership of cards in the new game doesnâ€™t change, regardless of their location when the new game begins.
+718.2. All Magic cards involved in the game that was restarted when it ended, including phased-out permanents and nontraditional Magic cards, are involved in the new game, even if those cards were not originally involved in the restarted game. Ownership of cards in the new game doesn’t change, regardless of their location when the new game begins.
-Example: A player casts Living Wish, bringing a creature card into the game from outside the game. Then that game is restarted. The creature card will be part of that playerâ€™s library when the new game begins.
+Example: A player casts Living Wish, bringing a creature card into the game from outside the game. Then that game is restarted. The creature card will be part of that player’s library when the new game begins.
-717.3. Because each player draws seven cards when the new game begins, any player with fewer than seven cards in his or her library will lose the game when state-based actions are checked during the upkeep step of the first turn, regardless of any mulligans that player takes. (See rule 704, â€œState-Based Actions.â€)
+718.3. Because each player draws seven cards when the new game begins, any player with fewer than seven cards in their library will lose the game when state-based actions are checked during the upkeep step of the first turn, regardless of any mulligans that player takes. (See rule 704, “State-Based Actions.”)
-717.4. The effect that restarts the game finishes resolving just before the first turnâ€™s untap step. If the spell or ability that generated that effect has additional instructions, those instructions are followed at this time. No player has priority, and any triggered abilities that trigger as a result will go on the stack the next time a player receives priority, usually during the first turnâ€™s upkeep step.
+718.4. The effect that restarts the game finishes resolving just before the first turn’s untap step. If the spell or ability that generated that effect has additional instructions, those instructions are followed at this time. No player has priority, and any triggered abilities that trigger as a result will go on the stack the next time a player receives priority, usually during the first turn’s upkeep step.
-717.5. Effects may exempt certain cards from the procedure that restarts the game. These cards are not in their ownerâ€™s deck as the new game begins.
+718.5. Effects may exempt certain cards from the procedure that restarts the game. These cards are not in their owner’s deck as the new game begins.
-717.5a In a Commander game, a commander that has been exempted from the procedure that restarts the game wonâ€™t begin the new game in the command zone. However, it remains that deckâ€™s commander for the new game. See rule 903, â€œCommander.â€
+718.5a In a Commander game, a commander that has been exempted from the procedure that restarts the game won’t begin the new game in the command zone. However, it remains that deck’s commander for the new game. See rule 903, “Commander.”
-717.6. If a Magic subgame (see rule 718) is restarted, the main game is unaffected. Main-game effects that refer to the winner or loser of the subgame now refer to the winner or loser of the restarted subgame.
+718.6. If a Magic subgame (see rule 719) is restarted, the main game is unaffected. Main-game effects that refer to the winner or loser of the subgame now refer to the winner or loser of the restarted subgame.
-717.7. If a multiplayer game using the limited range of influence option (see rule 801) is restarted, all players in the game are involved, regardless of the range of influence of the player who controls the ability that restarted the game.
+718.7. If a multiplayer game using the limited range of influence option (see rule 801) is restarted, all players in the game are involved, regardless of the range of influence of the player who controls the ability that restarted the game.
-718. Subgames
+719. Subgames
-718.1. One card (Shahrazad) allows players to play a Magic subgame.
+719.1. One card (Shahrazad) allows players to play a Magic subgame.
-718.1a A â€œsubgameâ€ is a completely separate Magic game created by an effect. Essentially, itâ€™s a game within a game. The â€œmain gameâ€ is the game in which the spell or ability that created the subgame was cast or activated. The main game is temporarily discontinued while the subgame is in progress. It resumes when the subgame ends.
+719.1a A “subgame” is a completely separate Magic game created by an effect. Essentially, it’s a game within a game. The “main game” is the game in which the spell or ability that created the subgame was cast or activated. The main game is temporarily discontinued while the subgame is in progress. It resumes when the subgame ends.
-718.1b No effects or definitions created in either the main game or the subgame have any meaning in the other, except as defined by the effect that created the subgame. For example, the effect may say that something happens in the main game to the winner or loser of the subgame.
+719.1b No effects or definitions created in either the main game or the subgame have any meaning in the other, except as defined by the effect that created the subgame. For example, the effect may say that something happens in the main game to the winner or loser of the subgame.
-718.2. As the subgame starts, an entirely new set of game zones is created. Each player takes all the cards in his or her main-game library, moves them to his or her subgame library, and shuffles them. No other cards in a main-game zone are moved to their corresponding subgame zone, except as specified in rules 718.2aâ€“d. Randomly determine which player goes first. The subgame proceeds like a normal game, following all other rules in rule 103, â€œStarting the Game.â€
+719.2. As the subgame starts, an entirely new set of game zones is created. Each player takes all the cards in their main-game library, moves them to their subgame library, and shuffles them. No other cards in a main-game zone are moved to their corresponding subgame zone, except as specified in rules 719.2a–d. Randomly determine which player goes first. The subgame proceeds like a normal game, following all other rules in rule 103, “Starting the Game.”
-718.2a As a subgame of a Planechase game starts, each player moves his or her planar deck from the main-game command zone to the subgame command zone and shuffles it. (Face-up plane and phenomenon cards remain in the main-game command zone.)
+719.2a As a subgame of a Planechase game starts, each player moves their planar deck from the main-game command zone to the subgame command zone and shuffles it. (Face-up plane and phenomenon cards remain in the main-game command zone.)
-718.2b As a subgame of a Vanguard game starts, each player moves his or her vanguard card from the main-game command zone to the subgame command zone.
+719.2b As a subgame of a Vanguard game starts, each player moves their vanguard card from the main-game command zone to the subgame command zone.
-718.2c As a subgame of a Commander game starts, each player moves his or her commander from the main-game command zone (if itâ€™s there) to the subgame command zone.
+719.2c As a subgame of a Commander game starts, each player moves their commander from the main-game command zone (if it’s there) to the subgame command zone.
-718.2d As a subgame of an Archenemy game starts, the archenemy moves his or her scheme deck from the main-game command zone to the subgame command zone and shuffles it. (Face-up scheme cards remain in the main-game command zone.)
+719.2d As a subgame of an Archenemy game starts, the archenemy moves their scheme deck from the main-game command zone to the subgame command zone and shuffles it. (Face-up scheme cards remain in the main-game command zone.)
-718.3. Because each player draws seven cards when a game begins, any player with fewer than seven cards in his or her deck will lose the subgame when state-based actions are checked during the upkeep step of the first turn, regardless of any mulligans that player takes. (See rule 704, â€œState-Based Actions.â€)
+719.3. Because each player draws seven cards when a game begins, any player with fewer than seven cards in their deck will lose the subgame when state-based actions are checked during the upkeep step of the first turn, regardless of any mulligans that player takes. (See rule 704, “State-Based Actions.”)
-718.4. All objects in the main game and all cards outside the main game are considered outside the subgame (except those specifically brought into the subgame). All players not currently in the subgame are considered outside the subgame.
+719.4. All objects in the main game and all cards outside the main game are considered outside the subgame (except those specifically brought into the subgame). All players not currently in the subgame are considered outside the subgame.
-718.4a Some effects can bring cards into a game from outside of it. If a card is brought into a subgame from a main game, abilities in the main game that trigger on objects leaving a main-game zone will trigger, but they wonâ€™t be put onto the stack until the main game resumes.
+719.4a Some effects can bring cards into a game from outside of it. If a card is brought into a subgame from a main game, abilities in the main game that trigger on objects leaving a main-game zone will trigger, but they won’t be put onto the stack until the main game resumes.
-718.4b A playerâ€™s main-game counters arenâ€™t considered part of the subgame, although the player will still have them when the main game resumes. Similarly, any counters a player gets during a subgame will cease to exist when the subgame ends.
+719.4b A player’s main-game counters aren’t considered part of the subgame, although the player will still have them when the main game resumes. Similarly, any counters a player gets during a subgame will cease to exist when the subgame ends.
-718.5. At the end of a subgame, each player takes all cards he or she owns that are in the subgame other than those in the subgame command zone, puts them into his or her main-game library, then shuffles them. This includes cards in the subgameâ€™s exile zone. Except as specified in rules 718.5aâ€“c, all other objects in the subgame cease to exist, as do the zones created for the subgame. The main game continues from the point at which it was discontinued: First, the spell or ability that created the subgame finishes resolving, even if it was created by a spell card thatâ€™s no longer on the stack. Then, if any main-game abilities triggered while the subgame was in progress due to cards being removed from the main game, those abilities are put onto the stack.
+719.5. At the end of a subgame, each player takes all cards they own that are in the subgame other than those in the subgame command zone, puts them into their main-game library, then shuffles them. This includes cards in the subgame’s exile zone. Except as specified in rules 719.5a–d, all other objects in the subgame cease to exist, as do the zones created for the subgame. The main game continues from the point at which it was discontinued: First, the spell or ability that created the subgame finishes resolving, even if it was created by a spell card that’s no longer on the stack. Then, if any main-game abilities triggered while the subgame was in progress due to cards being removed from the main game, those abilities are put onto the stack.
-Example: If a card was brought into the subgame either from the main game or from outside the main game, that card will be put into its ownerâ€™s main-game library when the subgame ends.
+Example: If a card was brought into the subgame either from the main game or from outside the main game, that card will be put into its owner’s main-game library when the subgame ends.
-718.5a At the end of a subgame of a Planechase game, each face-up plane card or phenomenon card is turned face down and put on the bottom of its ownerâ€™s planar deck. Then each player moves his or her planar deck from the subgame command zone to the main-game command zone and shuffles it.
+719.5a At the end of a subgame of a Planechase game, each face-up plane card or phenomenon card is turned face down and put on the bottom of its owner’s planar deck. Then each player moves their planar deck from the subgame command zone to the main-game command zone and shuffles it.
-718.5b At the end of a subgame of a Vanguard game, each player moves his or her vanguard card from the subgame command zone to the main-game command zone. This is an exception to rule 311.2.
+719.5b At the end of a subgame of a Vanguard game, each player moves their vanguard card from the subgame command zone to the main-game command zone. This is an exception to rule 311.2.
-718.5c At the end of a subgame of a Commander game, each player moves his or her commander from the subgame command zone (if itâ€™s there) to the main-game command zone.
+719.5c At the end of a subgame of a Commander game, each player moves their commander from the subgame command zone (if it’s there) to the main-game command zone.
-718.5d At the end of a subgame of an Archenemy game, any face-up scheme cards in the subgame command zone are turned face down and put on the bottom of their ownerâ€™s scheme deck. Then the archenemy moves his or her scheme deck from the subgame command zone to the main-game command zone and shuffles it.
+719.5d At the end of a subgame of an Archenemy game, any face-up scheme cards in the subgame command zone are turned face down and put on the bottom of their owner’s scheme deck. Then the archenemy moves their scheme deck from the subgame command zone to the main-game command zone and shuffles it.
-718.6. A subgame can be created within a subgame. The existing subgame becomes the main game in relation to the new subgame.
+719.6. A subgame can be created within a subgame. The existing subgame becomes the main game in relation to the new subgame.
-719. Taking Shortcuts
+720. Taking Shortcuts
-719.1. When playing a game, players typically make use of mutually understood shortcuts rather than explicitly identifying each game choice (either taking an action or passing priority) a player makes.
+720.1. When playing a game, players typically make use of mutually understood shortcuts rather than explicitly identifying each game choice (either taking an action or passing priority) a player makes.
-719.1a The rules for taking shortcuts are largely informal. As long as each player in the game understands the intent of each other player, any shortcut system they use is acceptable.
+720.1a The rules for taking shortcuts are largely informal. As long as each player in the game understands the intent of each other player, any shortcut system they use is acceptable.
-719.1b Occasionally the game gets into a state in which a set of actions could be repeated indefinitely (thus creating a â€œloopâ€). In that case, the shortcut rules can be used to determine how many times those actions are repeated without having to actually perform them, and how the loop is broken.
+720.1b Occasionally the game gets into a state in which a set of actions could be repeated indefinitely (thus creating a “loop”). In that case, the shortcut rules can be used to determine how many times those actions are repeated without having to actually perform them, and how the loop is broken.
-719.2. Taking a shortcut follows the following procedure.
+720.1c Tournaments use a modified version of the rules governing shortcuts and loops. These rules are covered in the Magic: The Gathering Tournament Rules (found at WPN.Wizards.com/en/resources/rules-documents). Whenever the Tournament Rules contradict these rules during a tournament, the Tournament Rules take precedence.
-719.2a At any point in the game, the player with priority may suggest a shortcut by describing a sequence of game choices, for all players, that may be legally taken based on the current game state and the predictable results of the sequence of choices. This sequence may be a non-repetitive series of choices, a loop that repeats a specified number of times, multiple loops, or nested loops, and may even cross multiple turns. It canâ€™t include conditional actions, where the outcome of a game event determines the next action a player takes. The ending point of this sequence must be a place where a player has priority, though it need not be the player proposing the shortcut.
+720.2. Taking a shortcut follows the following procedure.
-Example: A player controls a creature enchanted by Presence of Gond, which grants the creature the ability â€œ{T}: Create a 1/1 green Elf Warrior creature token,â€ and another player controls Intruder Alarm, which reads, in part, â€œWhenever a creature enters the battlefield, untap all creatures.â€ When the player has priority, he or she may suggest â€œIâ€™ll create a million tokens,â€ indicating the sequence of activating the creatureâ€™s ability, all players passing priority, letting the creatureâ€™s ability resolve and create a token (which causes Intruder Alarmâ€™s ability to trigger), Intruder Alarmâ€™s controller putting that triggered ability on the stack, all players passing priority, Intruder Alarmâ€™s triggered ability resolving, all players passing priority until the player proposing the shortcut has priority, and repeating that sequence 999,999 more times, ending just after the last token-creating ability resolves.
+720.2a At any point in the game, the player with priority may suggest a shortcut by describing a sequence of game choices, for all players, that may be legally taken based on the current game state and the predictable results of the sequence of choices. This sequence may be a non-repetitive series of choices, a loop that repeats a specified number of times, multiple loops, or nested loops, and may even cross multiple turns. It can’t include conditional actions, where the outcome of a game event determines the next action a player takes. The ending point of this sequence must be a place where a player has priority, though it need not be the player proposing the shortcut.
-719.2b Each other player, in turn order starting after the player who suggested the shortcut, may either accept the proposed sequence, or shorten it by naming a place where he or she will make a game choice thatâ€™s different than whatâ€™s been proposed. (The player doesnâ€™t need to specify at this time what the new choice will be.) This place becomes the new ending point of the proposed sequence.
+Example: A player controls a creature enchanted by Presence of Gond, which grants the creature the ability “{T}: Create a 1/1 green Elf Warrior creature token,” and another player controls Intruder Alarm, which reads, in part, “Whenever a creature enters the battlefield, untap all creatures.” When the player has priority, they may suggest “I’ll create a million tokens,” indicating the sequence of activating the creature’s ability, all players passing priority, letting the creature’s ability resolve and create a token (which causes Intruder Alarm’s ability to trigger), Intruder Alarm’s controller putting that triggered ability on the stack, all players passing priority, Intruder Alarm’s triggered ability resolving, all players passing priority until the player proposing the shortcut has priority, and repeating that sequence 999,999 more times, ending just after the last token-creating ability resolves.
-Example: The active player draws a card during her draw step, then says, â€œGo.â€ The nonactive player is holding Into the Fray (an instant that says â€œTarget creature attacks this turn if ableâ€) and says, â€œIâ€™d like to cast a spell during your beginning of combat step.â€ The current proposed shortcut is that all players pass priority at all opportunities during the turn until the nonactive player has priority during the beginning of combat step.
+720.2b Each other player, in turn order starting after the player who suggested the shortcut, may either accept the proposed sequence, or shorten it by naming a place where they will make a game choice that’s different than what’s been proposed. (The player doesn’t need to specify at this time what the new choice will be.) This place becomes the new ending point of the proposed sequence.
-719.2c Once the last player has either accepted or shortened the shortcut proposal, the shortcut is taken. The game advances to the last proposed ending point, with all game choices contained in the shortcut proposal having been taken. If the shortcut was shortened from the original proposal, the player who now has priority must make a different game choice than what was originally proposed for that player.
+Example: The active player draws a card during her draw step, then says, “Go.” The nonactive player is holding Into the Fray (an instant that says “Target creature attacks this turn if able”) and says, “I’d like to cast a spell during your beginning of combat step.” The current proposed shortcut is that all players pass priority at all opportunities during the turn until the nonactive player has priority during the beginning of combat step.
-719.3. Sometimes a loop can be fragmented, meaning that each player involved in the loop performs an independent action that results in the same game state being reached multiple times. If that happens, the active player (or, if the active player is not involved in the loop, the first player in turn order who is involved) must then make a different game choice so the loop does not continue.
+720.2c Once the last player has either accepted or shortened the shortcut proposal, the shortcut is taken. The game advances to the last proposed ending point, with all game choices contained in the shortcut proposal having been taken. If the shortcut was shortened from the original proposal, the player who now has priority must make a different game choice than what was originally proposed for that player.
-Example: In a two-player game, the active player controls a creature with the ability â€œ{0}: [This creature] gains flying,â€ the nonactive player controls a permanent with the ability â€œ{0}: Target creature loses flying,â€ and nothing in the game cares how many times an ability has been activated. Say the active player activates his creatureâ€™s ability, it resolves, then the nonactive player activates her permanentâ€™s ability targeting that creature, and it resolves. This returns the game to a game state it was at before. The active player must make a different game choice (in other words, anything other than activating that creatureâ€™s ability again). The creature doesnâ€™t have flying. Note that the nonactive player could have prevented the fragmented loop simply by not activating her permanentâ€™s ability, in which case the creature would have had flying. The nonactive player always has the final choice and is therefore able to determine whether the creature has flying.
+720.3. Sometimes a loop can be fragmented, meaning that each player involved in the loop performs an independent action that results in the same game state being reached multiple times. If that happens, the active player (or, if the active player is not involved in the loop, the first player in turn order who is involved) must then make a different game choice so the loop does not continue.
-719.4. If a loop contains only mandatory actions, the game is a draw. (See rules 104.4b and 104.4f.)
+Example: In a two-player game, the active player controls a creature with the ability “{0}: [This creature] gains flying,” the nonactive player controls a permanent with the ability “{0}: Target creature loses flying,” and nothing in the game cares how many times an ability has been activated. Say the active player activates his creature’s ability, it resolves, then the nonactive player activates her permanent’s ability targeting that creature, and it resolves. This returns the game to a game state it was at before. The active player must make a different game choice (in other words, anything other than activating that creature’s ability again). The creature doesn’t have flying. Note that the nonactive player could have prevented the fragmented loop simply by not activating her permanent’s ability, in which case the creature would have had flying. The nonactive player always has the final choice and is therefore able to determine whether the creature has flying.
-719.5. No player can be forced to perform an action that would end a loop other than actions called for by objects involved in the loop.
+720.4. If a loop contains only mandatory actions, the game is a draw. (See rules 104.4b and 104.4f.)
-Example: A player controls Seal of Cleansing, an enchantment that reads, â€œSacrifice Seal of Cleansing: Destroy target artifact or enchantment.â€ A mandatory loop that involves an artifact begins. The player is not forced to sacrifice Seal of Cleansing to destroy the artifact and end the loop.
+720.5. No player can be forced to perform an action that would end a loop other than actions called for by objects involved in the loop.
-719.6. If a loop contains an effect that says â€œ[A] unless [B],â€ where [A] and [B] are each actions, no player can be forced to perform [B] to break the loop. If no player chooses to perform [B], the loop will continue as though [A] were mandatory.
+Example: A player controls Seal of Cleansing, an enchantment that reads, “Sacrifice Seal of Cleansing: Destroy target artifact or enchantment.” A mandatory loop that involves an artifact begins. The player is not forced to sacrifice Seal of Cleansing to destroy the artifact and end the loop.
-720. Handling Illegal Actions
+720.6. If a loop contains an effect that says “[A] unless [B],” where [A] and [B] are each actions, no player can be forced to perform [B] to break the loop. If no player chooses to perform [B], the loop will continue as though [A] were mandatory.
-720.1. If a player takes an illegal action or starts to take an action but canâ€™t legally complete it, the entire action is reversed and any payments already made are canceled. No abilities trigger and no effects apply as a result of an undone action. If the action was casting a spell, the spell returns to the zone it came from. The player may also reverse any legal mana abilities activated while making the illegal play, unless mana from them or from any triggered mana abilities they triggered was spent on another mana ability that wasnâ€™t reversed. Players may not reverse actions that moved cards to a library, moved cards from a library to any zone other than the stack, caused a library to be shuffled, or caused cards from a library to be revealed.
+721. Handling Illegal Actions
-720.2. When reversing illegal spells and abilities, the player who had priority retains it and may take another action or pass. The player may redo the reversed action in a legal way or take any other action allowed by the rules.
+721.1. If a player takes an illegal action or starts to take an action but can’t legally complete it, the entire action is reversed and any payments already made are canceled. No abilities trigger and no effects apply as a result of an undone action. If the action was casting a spell, the spell returns to the zone it came from. Each player may also reverse any legal mana abilities that player activated while making the illegal play, unless mana from those abilities or from any triggered mana abilities they caused to trigger was spent on another mana ability that wasn’t reversed. Players may not reverse actions that moved cards to a library, moved cards from a library to any zone other than the stack, caused a library to be shuffled, or caused cards from a library to be revealed.
+721.2. When reversing illegal spells and abilities, the player who had priority retains it and may take another action or pass. The player may redo the reversed action in a legal way or take any other action allowed by the rules.
 8. Multiplayer Rules
 800. General
 800.3. Many multiplayer Magic tournaments have additional rules not included here, including rules for deck construction. See the most current Magic: The Gathering Tournament Rules for more information. They can be found at WPN.Wizards.com/en/resources/rules-documents.
 800.4. Unlike two-player games, multiplayer games can continue after one or more players have left the game.
-800.4a When a player leaves the game, all objects (see rule 109) owned by that player leave the game and any effects which give that player control of any objects or players end. Then, if that player controlled any objects on the stack not represented by cards, those objects cease to exist. Then, if there are any objects still controlled by that player, those objects are exiled. This is not a state-based action. It happens as soon as the player leaves the game. If the player who left the game had priority at the time he or she left, priority passes to the next player in turn order whoâ€™s still in the game.
+800.4a When a player leaves the game, all objects (see rule 109) owned by that player leave the game and any effects which give that player control of any objects or players end. Then, if that player controlled any objects on the stack not represented by cards, those objects cease to exist. Then, if there are any objects still controlled by that player, those objects are exiled. This is not a state-based action. It happens as soon as the player leaves the game. If the player who left the game had priority at the time they left, priority passes to the next player in turn order who’s still in the game.
-Example: Alex casts Mind Control, an Aura that reads, â€œYou control enchanted creature,â€ on Biancaâ€™s Assault Griffin. If Alex leaves the game, so does Mind Control, and Assault Griffin reverts to Biancaâ€™s control. If, instead, Bianca leaves the game, so does Assault Griffin, and Mind Control is put into Alexâ€™s graveyard.
+Example: Alex casts Mind Control, an Aura that reads, “You control enchanted creature,” on Bianca’s Assault Griffin. If Alex leaves the game, so does Mind Control, and Assault Griffin reverts to Bianca’s control. If, instead, Bianca leaves the game, so does Assault Griffin, and Mind Control is put into Alex’s graveyard.
-Example: Alex casts Act of Treason, which reads, in part, â€œGain control of target creature until end of turn,â€ targeting Biancaâ€™s Runeclaw Bears. If Alex leaves the game, Act of Treasonâ€™s change-of-control effect ends and Runeclaw Bears reverts to Biancaâ€™s control.
+Example: Alex casts Act of Treason, which reads, in part, “Gain control of target creature until end of turn,” targeting Bianca’s Runeclaw Bears. If Alex leaves the game, Act of Treason’s change-of-control effect ends and Runeclaw Bears reverts to Bianca’s control.
-Example: Alex casts Bribery, which reads, â€œSearch target opponentâ€™s library for a creature card and put that card onto the battlefield under your control. Then that player shuffles his or her library,â€ targeting Bianca. Alex puts Serra Angel onto the battlefield from Biancaâ€™s library. If Bianca leaves the game, Serra Angel also leaves the game. If, instead, Alex leaves the game, Serra Angel is exiled.
+Example: Alex casts Bribery, which reads, “Search target opponent’s library for a creature card and put that card onto the battlefield under your control. Then that player shuffles their library,” targeting Bianca. Alex puts Serra Angel onto the battlefield from Bianca’s library. If Bianca leaves the game, Serra Angel also leaves the game. If, instead, Alex leaves the game, Serra Angel is exiled.
-Example: Alex controls Genesis Chamber, which reads, â€œWhenever a nontoken creature enters the battlefield, if Genesis Chamber is untapped, that creatureâ€™s controller creates a 1/1 colorless Myr artifact creature token.â€ If Alex leaves the game, all such Myr tokens that entered the battlefield under Alexâ€™s control leave the game, and all such Myr tokens that entered the battlefield under any other playerâ€™s control remain in the game.
+Example: Alex controls Genesis Chamber, which reads, “Whenever a nontoken creature enters the battlefield, if Genesis Chamber is untapped, that creature’s controller creates a 1/1 colorless Myr artifact creature token.” If Alex leaves the game, all such Myr tokens that entered the battlefield under Alex’s control leave the game, and all such Myr tokens that entered the battlefield under any other player’s control remain in the game.
-800.4b If an object would change to the control of a player who has left the game, it doesnâ€™t. If a token would be created under the control of a player who has left the game, no token is created. If an object would be put onto the battlefield or onto the stack under the control of a player who has left the game, that object remains in its current zone. If a player would be controlled by a player who has left the game, he or she isnâ€™t.
+800.4b If an object would change to the control of a player who has left the game, it doesn’t. If a token would be created under the control of a player who has left the game, no token is created. If an object would be put onto the battlefield or onto the stack under the control of a player who has left the game, that object remains in its current zone. If a player would be controlled by a player who has left the game, they aren’t.
 800.4c If an effect that gives a player still in the game control of an object ends, there is no other effect giving control of that object to another player in the game, and the object entered the battlefield under the control of a player who has left the game, the object is exiled. This is not a state-based action. It happens as soon as the control-changing effect ends.
-800.4d If an object that would be owned by a player who has left the game would be created in any zone, it isnâ€™t created. If a triggered ability that would be controlled by a player who has left the game would be put onto the stack, it isnâ€™t put on the stack.
+800.4d If an object that would be owned by a player who has left the game would be created in any zone, it isn’t created. If a triggered ability that would be controlled by a player who has left the game would be put onto the stack, it isn’t put on the stack.
-Example: Astral Slide is an enchantment that reads, â€œWhenever a player cycles a card, you may exile target creature. If you do, return that creature to the battlefield under its ownerâ€™s control at the beginning of the next end step.â€ During Alexâ€™s turn, Bianca uses Astral Slideâ€™s ability to exile Alexâ€™s Hypnotic Specter. Before the end of that turn, Bianca leaves the game. At the beginning of the end step, the delayed triggered ability generated by Astral Slide that would return Hypnotic Specter to the battlefield triggers, but it isnâ€™t put on the stack. Hypnotic Specter never returns to the battlefield.
+Example: Astral Slide is an enchantment that reads, “Whenever a player cycles a card, you may exile target creature. If you do, return that creature to the battlefield under its owner’s control at the beginning of the next end step.” During Alex’s turn, Bianca uses Astral Slide’s ability to exile Alex’s Hypnotic Specter. Before the end of that turn, Bianca leaves the game. At the beginning of the end step, the delayed triggered ability generated by Astral Slide that would return Hypnotic Specter to the battlefield triggers, but it isn’t put on the stack. Hypnotic Specter never returns to the battlefield.
-800.4e If combat damage would be assigned to a player who has left the game, that damage isnâ€™t assigned.
+800.4e If combat damage would be assigned to a player who has left the game, that damage isn’t assigned.
 800.4f If an object requires a player who has left the game to make a choice, the controller of the object chooses another player to make that choice. If the original choice was to be made by an opponent of the controller of the object, that player chooses another opponent if possible.
 800.4g If a rule requires a player who has left the game to make a choice, the next player in turn order makes that choice.
-800.4h If an effect requires information about a specific player, the effect uses the current information about that player if he or she is still in the game; otherwise, the effect uses the last known information about that player before he or she left the game.
+800.4h If an effect requires information about a specific player, the effect uses the current information about that player if they are still in the game; otherwise, the effect uses the last known information about that player before they left the game.
-800.4i If a player leaves the game during his or her turn, that turn continues to its completion without an active player. If the active player would receive priority, instead the next player in turn order receives priority, or the top object on the stack resolves, or the phase or step ends, whichever is appropriate.
+800.4i If a player leaves the game during their turn, that turn continues to its completion without an active player. If the active player would receive priority, instead the next player in turn order receives priority, or the top object on the stack resolves, or the phase or step ends, whichever is appropriate.
-800.4j If a player who has left the game would begin a turn, that turn doesnâ€™t begin.
+800.4j If a player who has left the game would begin a turn, that turn doesn’t begin.
-800.4k When a player leaves the game, any continuous effects with durations that last until that playerâ€™s next turn or until a specific point in that turn will last until that turn would have begun. They neither expire immediately nor last indefinitely.
+800.4k When a player leaves the game, any continuous effects with durations that last until that player’s next turn or until a specific point in that turn will last until that turn would have begun. They neither expire immediately nor last indefinitely.
-800.4m When a player leaves the game, objects that player owns in the ante zone do not leave the game. This is an exception to rule 800.4a. See rule 407, â€œAnte.â€
+800.4m When a player leaves the game, objects that player owns in the ante zone do not leave the game. This is an exception to rule 800.4a. See rule 407, “Ante.”
-800.4n In a Planechase game, if the player designated as the planar controller would leave the game, instead the next player in turn order that wouldnâ€™t leave the game becomes the planar controller, then the old planar controller leaves the game. See rule 309.5.
+800.4n In a Planechase game, if the player designated as the planar controller would leave the game, instead the next player in turn order that wouldn’t leave the game becomes the planar controller, then the old planar controller leaves the game. See rule 309.5.
-800.5. In a multiplayer game, the first time a player takes a mulligan, he or she draws a new hand of as many cards as he or she had before. Subsequent hands decrease by one card as normal.
+800.5. In a multiplayer game, the first time a player takes a mulligan, they draw a new hand of as many cards as they had before. Subsequent hands decrease by one card as normal.
-800.6. In a multiplayer game other than a Two-Headed Giant game, the starting player doesnâ€™t skip the draw step of his or her first turn. In a Two-Headed Giant game, the team who plays first skips the draw step of their first turn. See rule 103.7.
+800.6. In a multiplayer game other than a Two-Headed Giant game, the starting player doesn’t skip the draw step of their first turn. In a Two-Headed Giant game, the team who plays first skips the draw step of their first turn. See rule 103.7.
 801. Limited Range of Influence Option
-801.1. Limited range of influence is an option that can be applied to most multiplayer games. Itâ€™s always used in the Emperor variant (see rule 809), and itâ€™s often used for games involving five or more players.
+801.1. Limited range of influence is an option that can be applied to most multiplayer games. It’s always used in the Emperor variant (see rule 809), and it’s often used for games involving five or more players.
-801.2. A playerâ€™s range of influence is the maximum distance from that player, measured in player seats, that the player can affect. Players within that many seats of the player are within that playerâ€™s range of influence. Objects controlled by players within a playerâ€™s range of influence are also within that playerâ€™s range of influence. Range of influence covers spells, abilities, effects, damage dealing, attacking, making choices, and winning the game.
+801.2. A player’s range of influence is the maximum distance from that player, measured in player seats, that the player can affect. Players within that many seats of the player are within that player’s range of influence. Objects controlled by players within a player’s range of influence are also within that player’s range of influence. Range of influence covers spells, abilities, effects, damage dealing, attacking, making choices, and winning the game.
 801.2a The most commonly chosen limited ranges of influence are 1 seat and 2 seats. Different players may have different ranges of influence.
 Example: A range of influence of 1 means that only you and the players seated directly next to you are within your range of influence.
 Example: A range of influence of 2 means that you and the two players to your left and the two players to your right are within your range of influence.
-801.2b A player is always within his or her own range of influence.
+801.2b A player is always within their own range of influence.
-801.2c The particular players within each playerâ€™s range of influence are determined as each turn begins.
+801.2c The particular players within each player’s range of influence are determined as each turn begins.
-Example: In a game with a range of influence of 1, Alex is seated to the left of Rob, and Carissa is seated to the right of Rob. Carissa is not in Alexâ€™s range of influence. If Rob leaves the game, Carissa will enter Alexâ€™s range of influence at the start of the next turn.
+Example: In a game with a range of influence of 1, Alex is seated to the left of Rob, and Carissa is seated to the right of Rob. Carissa is not in Alex’s range of influence. If Rob leaves the game, Carissa will enter Alex’s range of influence at the start of the next turn.
-801.2d An object is within a playerâ€™s range of influence if itâ€™s controlled by that player or by another player within that many seats of that player.
+801.2d An object is within a player’s range of influence if it’s controlled by that player or by another player within that many seats of that player.
-801.3. Creatures can attack only opponents within their controllerâ€™s range of influence or planeswalkers controlled by those opponents. If no opponents are within a playerâ€™s range of influence, creatures that player controls canâ€™t attack.
+801.3. Creatures can attack only opponents within their controller’s range of influence or planeswalkers controlled by those opponents. If no opponents are within a player’s range of influence, creatures that player controls can’t attack.
-801.4. Objects and players outside a playerâ€™s range of influence canâ€™t be the targets of spells or abilities that player controls.
+801.4. Objects and players outside a player’s range of influence can’t be the targets of spells or abilities that player controls.
 801.5. Some cards require players to make choices. These cards work differently when the limited range of influence option is used.
-801.5a If a player is asked to choose an object or player, he or she must choose one within his or her range of influence.
+801.5a If a player is asked to choose an object or player, they must choose one within their range of influence.
-Example: In a game with a range of influence of 1, Alex is seated to the left of Rob. Alex activates the ability of Cuombajj Witches, which reads, â€œCuombajj Witches deals 1 damage to target creature or player and 1 damage to target creature or player of an opponentâ€™s choice,â€ targeting Rob and choosing Rob as the opponent who picks the other target. Rob must choose a target thatâ€™s in both his range of influence and in the range of influence of the controller of Cuombajj Witches. He must therefore choose himself, Alex, or a creature controlled by either himself or Alex.
+Example: In a game with a range of influence of 1, Alex is seated to the left of Rob. Alex activates the ability of Cuombajj Witches, which reads, “{T}: Cuombajj Witches deals 1 damage to any target and 1 damage to any target of an opponent’s choice,” targeting Rob and choosing Rob as the opponent who picks the other target. Rob must choose a target that’s in both his range of influence and in the range of influence of the controller of Cuombajj Witches. He must therefore choose himself, Alex, or a creature controlled by either himself or Alex.
-801.5b If a player is asked to choose between one or more options (and not between one or more objects or players), he or she can choose between those options even if those options refer to objects or players outside the playerâ€™s range of influence.
+801.5b If a player is asked to choose between one or more options (and not between one or more objects or players), they can choose between those options even if those options refer to objects or players outside the player’s range of influence.
-Example: Alex, who has a range of influence of 2, is seated to the left of Rob, and Carissa, who has a range of influence of 1, is seated to the right of Rob. Alex casts a spell that reads, â€œAn opponent chooses one â€” You draw 2 cards; or each creature you control gets +2/+2 until end of turn,â€ and chooses Carissa to make that choice. Carissa can choose the mode even though Alex is out of her range.
+Example: Alex, who has a range of influence of 2, is seated to the left of Rob, and Carissa, who has a range of influence of 1, is seated to the right of Rob. Alex casts a spell that reads, “An opponent chooses one — You draw two cards; or each creature you control gets +2/+2 until end of turn,” and chooses Carissa to make that choice. Carissa can choose the mode even though Alex is out of her range.
-801.5c If an effect requires a choice and thereâ€™s no player who can make that choice within its controllerâ€™s range of influence, the closest appropriate player to its controllerâ€™s left makes that choice.
+801.5c If an effect requires a choice and there’s no player who can make that choice within its controller’s range of influence, the closest appropriate player to its controller’s left makes that choice.
-Example: In an Emperor game in which all players have range of influence 1, an emperor casts Fact or Fiction, which reads, â€œReveal the top five cards of your library. An opponent separates those cards into two piles. Put one pile into your hand and the other into your graveyard.â€ Since no opponent is within the emperorâ€™s range of influence, the nearest opponent to the emperorâ€™s left separates the cards into piles.
+Example: In an Emperor game in which all players have range of influence 1, an emperor casts Fact or Fiction, which reads, “Reveal the top five cards of your library. An opponent separates those cards into two piles. Put one pile into your hand and the other into your graveyard.” Since no opponent is within the emperor’s range of influence, the nearest opponent to the emperor’s left separates the cards into piles.
-801.6. A player canâ€™t activate the activated abilities of an object outside of his or her range of influence.
+801.6. A player can’t activate the activated abilities of an object outside of their range of influence.
-801.7. A triggered ability doesnâ€™t trigger unless its trigger event happens entirely within the range of influence of its sourceâ€™s controller.
+801.7. A triggered ability doesn’t trigger unless its trigger event happens entirely within the range of influence of its source’s controller.
-Example: In a game in which all players have range of influence 1, Alex is seated to the left of Rob. Rob controls two Auras attached to Alexâ€™s Runeclaw Bear: One with the trigger condition â€œWhenever enchanted creature becomes blocked,â€ and one with the trigger condition â€œWhenever enchanted creature becomes blocked by a creature.â€ Alexâ€™s Runeclaw Bear attacks the player to Alexâ€™s left and becomes blocked. The ability of Robâ€™s first Aura triggers because the entire event (Runeclaw Bear becomes blocked) happens within Robâ€™s range of influence. The ability of Robâ€™s second Aura doesnâ€™t trigger, however, because that event includes the blocking creature, which is out of Robâ€™s range.
+Example: In a game in which all players have range of influence 1, Alex is seated to the left of Rob. Rob controls two Auras attached to Alex’s Runeclaw Bear: One with the trigger condition “Whenever enchanted creature becomes blocked,” and one with the trigger condition “Whenever enchanted creature becomes blocked by a creature.” Alex’s Runeclaw Bear attacks the player to Alex’s left and becomes blocked. The ability of Rob’s first Aura triggers because the entire event (Runeclaw Bear becomes blocked) happens within Rob’s range of influence. The ability of Rob’s second Aura doesn’t trigger, however, because that event includes the blocking creature, which is out of Rob’s range.
-801.7a If a trigger event includes an object moving out of or into a playerâ€™s range of influence, use the game state before or after the event as appropriate to determine whether the triggered ability will trigger. See rules 603.6 and 603.10.
+801.7a If a trigger event includes an object moving out of or into a player’s range of influence, use the game state before or after the event as appropriate to determine whether the triggered ability will trigger. See rules 603.6 and 603.10.
-Example: Carissa and Alex are outside each otherâ€™s range of influence. Carissa controls a Runeclaw Bear owned by Alex and they each control an Extractor Demon, a creature which reads, in part, â€œWhenever another creature leaves the battlefield, you may have target player put the top two cards of his or her library into his or her graveyard.â€ The Runeclaw Bear is destroyed and is put into Alexâ€™s graveyard. The ability of Alexâ€™s Extractor Demon doesnâ€™t trigger because the leaves-the-battlefield event was outside Alexâ€™s range of influence. The ability of Carissaâ€™s Extractor Demon does trigger, even though the creature is going to a graveyard outside her range, because the leaves-the-battlefield event was within her range.
+Example: Carissa and Alex are outside each other’s range of influence. Carissa controls a Runeclaw Bear owned by Alex and they each control an Extractor Demon, a creature which reads, in part, “Whenever another creature leaves the battlefield, you may have target player put the top two cards of their library into their graveyard.” The Runeclaw Bear is destroyed and is put into Alex’s graveyard. The ability of Alex’s Extractor Demon doesn’t trigger because the leaves-the-battlefield event was outside Alex’s range of influence. The ability of Carissa’s Extractor Demon does trigger, even though the creature is going to a graveyard outside her range, because the leaves-the-battlefield event was within her range.
-801.8. An Aura canâ€™t enchant an object or player outside its controllerâ€™s range of influence. If an Aura is attached to an illegal object or player, the Aura is put into its ownerâ€™s graveyard as a state-based action. See rule 704.
+801.8. An Aura can’t enchant an object or player outside its controller’s range of influence. If an Aura is attached to an illegal object or player, the Aura is put into its owner’s graveyard as a state-based action. See rule 704.
-801.9. An Equipment canâ€™t equip an object outside its controllerâ€™s range of influence, and a Fortification canâ€™t fortify an object outside its controllerâ€™s range of influence. If an Equipment or Fortification is attached to an illegal permanent, it becomes unattached from that permanent but remains on the battlefield. This is a state-based action. See rule 704.
+801.9. An Equipment can’t equip an object outside its controller’s range of influence, and a Fortification can’t fortify an object outside its controller’s range of influence. If an Equipment or Fortification is attached to an illegal permanent, it becomes unattached from that permanent but remains on the battlefield. This is a state-based action. See rule 704.
-801.10. Spells and abilities canâ€™t affect objects or players outside their controllerâ€™s range of influence. The parts of the effect that attempt to affect an out-of-range object or player will do nothing. The rest of the effect will work normally.
+801.10. Spells and abilities can’t affect objects or players outside their controller’s range of influence. The parts of the effect that attempt to affect an out-of-range object or player will do nothing. The rest of the effect will work normally.
-Example: In a six-player game in which each player has range of influence 1, Alex casts Pyroclasm, which reads, â€œPyroclasm deals 2 damage to each creature.â€ Pyroclasm deals 2 damage to each creature controlled by Alex, the player to Alexâ€™s left, and the player to Alexâ€™s right. No other creatures are dealt damage.
+Example: In a six-player game in which each player has range of influence 1, Alex casts Pyroclasm, which reads, “Pyroclasm deals 2 damage to each creature.” Pyroclasm deals 2 damage to each creature controlled by Alex, the player to Alex’s left, and the player to Alex’s right. No other creatures are dealt damage.
-801.11. If a spell or ability requires information from the game, it gets only information from within its controllerâ€™s range of influence. It doesnâ€™t see objects or events outside its controllerâ€™s range of influence.
+801.11. If a spell or ability requires information from the game, it gets only information from within its controller’s range of influence. It doesn’t see objects or events outside its controller’s range of influence.
-Example: In a six-player game where each player has range of influence 1, Alex controls Coat of Arms, which reads, â€œEach creature gets +1/+1 for each other creature on the battlefield that shares at least one creature type with it.â€ Coat of Arms will boost Alexâ€™s creatures based only on what creatures are controlled by Alex, the player to Alexâ€™s left, and the player to Alexâ€™s right. It wonâ€™t take other creatures into account.
+Example: In a six-player game where each player has range of influence 1, Alex controls Coat of Arms, which reads, “Each creature gets +1/+1 for each other creature on the battlefield that shares at least one creature type with it.” Coat of Arms will boost Alex’s creatures based only on what creatures are controlled by Alex, the player to Alex’s left, and the player to Alex’s right. It won’t take other creatures into account.
-Example: In the same game, Rob is sitting to the right of Alex. Coat of Arms will boost Robâ€™s creatures based on what creatures are controlled by players within Alexâ€™s range of influence, including the player sitting to Alexâ€™s left, whoâ€™s out of Robâ€™s range of influence.
+Example: In the same game, Rob is sitting to the right of Alex. Coat of Arms will boost Rob’s creatures based on what creatures are controlled by players within Alex’s range of influence, including the player sitting to Alex’s left, who’s out of Rob’s range of influence.
-801.12. The â€œworld ruleâ€ (see rule 704.5k) applies to a permanent only if other world permanents are within its controllerâ€™s range of influence.
+801.12. The “world rule” (see rule 704.5k) applies to a permanent only if other world permanents are within its controller’s range of influence.
-801.13. Replacement and prevention effects watch for a particular event to happen and then completely or partially replace that event. The limited range of influence option can cause the modified event to contain instructions that canâ€™t be carried out, in which case the player simply ignores the impossible instructions. See rule 614, â€œReplacement Effects,â€ and rule 615, â€œPrevention Effects.â€
+801.13. Replacement and prevention effects watch for a particular event to happen and then completely or partially replace that event. The limited range of influence option can cause the modified event to contain instructions that can’t be carried out, in which case the player simply ignores the impossible instructions. See rule 614, “Replacement Effects,” and rule 615, “Prevention Effects.”
-801.13a If a replacement effect tries to cause a spell or ability to affect an object or player outside its controllerâ€™s range of influence, that portion of the event does nothing.
+801.13a If a replacement effect tries to cause a spell or ability to affect an object or player outside its controller’s range of influence, that portion of the event does nothing.
-Example: Alex casts Lava Axe (â€œLava Axe deals 5 damage to target playerâ€) targeting Rob. In response, Rob casts Captainâ€™s Maneuver (â€œThe next X damage that would be dealt to target creature or player this turn is dealt to another target creature or player insteadâ€) with X equal to 3, targeting Carissa. Carissa isnâ€™t in Alexâ€™s range of influence. When Lava Axe resolves, it deals 2 damage to Rob and no damage to Carissa.
+Example: Alex casts Lava Axe (“Lava Axe deals 5 damage to target player or planeswalker.”) targeting Rob. In response, Rob casts Captain’s Maneuver (“The next X damage that would be dealt to target creature, planeswalker, or player this turn is dealt to another target creature, planeswalker, or player instead.”) with X equal to 3, targeting Carissa. Carissa isn’t in Alex’s range of influence. When Lava Axe resolves, it deals 2 damage to Rob and no damage to Carissa.
-801.13b If a spell or ability creates an effect that prevents damage that would be dealt by a source, it can affect only sources within the spell or abilityâ€™s controllerâ€™s range of influence. If a spell or ability creates an effect that prevents damage that would be dealt to a permanent or player, it can affect only permanents and players within the spell or abilityâ€™s controllerâ€™s range of influence. If a spell or ability creates an effect that prevents damage, but neither the source nor the would-be recipient of the damage is specified, it prevents damage only if both the source and recipient of that damage are within the spell or abilityâ€™s controllerâ€™s range of influence.
+801.13b If a spell or ability creates an effect that prevents damage that would be dealt by a source, it can affect only sources within the spell or ability’s controller’s range of influence. If a spell or ability creates an effect that prevents damage that would be dealt to a permanent or player, it can affect only permanents and players within the spell or ability’s controller’s range of influence. If a spell or ability creates an effect that prevents damage, but neither the source nor the would-be recipient of the damage is specified, it prevents damage only if both the source and recipient of that damage are within the spell or ability’s controller’s range of influence.
-Example: Rob is within Alexâ€™s range of influence, but Carissa is not. Alex controls an enchantment that says, â€œPrevent all damage that would be dealt by creatures.â€ Carissa attacks Rob with a creature. The creature deals combat damage to Rob.
+Example: Rob is within Alex’s range of influence, but Carissa is not. Alex controls an enchantment that says, “Prevent all damage that would be dealt by creatures.” Carissa attacks Rob with a creature. The creature deals combat damage to Rob.
-Example: Rob is within Alexâ€™s range of influence, but Carissa is not. Carissa casts Lightning Blast (â€œLightning Blast deals 4 damage to target creature or playerâ€) targeting Rob. In response, Alex casts Mending Hands (â€œPrevent the next 4 damage that would be dealt to target creature or player this turnâ€) targeting Rob. The damage to Rob is prevented.
+Example: Rob is within Alex’s range of influence, but Carissa is not. Carissa casts Lightning Blast (“Lightning Blast deals 4 damage to any target.”) targeting Rob. In response, Alex casts Mending Hands (“Prevent the next 4 damage that would be dealt to any target this turn.”) targeting Rob. The damage to Rob is prevented.
-Example: Rob is within Alexâ€™s range of influence, but Carissa is not. Carissa attacks Rob with a creature, and Rob blocks with a creature. Alex casts Fog (â€œPrevent all combat damage that would be dealt this turn.â€) Carissa and Robâ€™s creatures deal combat damage to each other.
+Example: Rob is within Alex’s range of influence, but Carissa is not. Carissa attacks Rob with a creature, and Rob blocks with a creature. Alex casts Fog (“Prevent all combat damage that would be dealt this turn.”) Carissa and Rob’s creatures deal combat damage to each other.
-801.14. If an effect states that a player wins the game, all of that playerâ€™s opponents within his or her range of influence lose the game instead.
+801.14. If an effect states that a player wins the game, all of that player’s opponents within that player’s range of influence lose the game instead.
-801.15. If the effect of a spell or ability states that the game is a draw, the game is a draw for that spell or abilityâ€™s controller and all players within his or her range of influence. They leave the game. All remaining players continue to play the game.
+801.15. If the effect of a spell or ability states that the game is a draw, the game is a draw for that spell or ability’s controller and all players within that player’s range of influence. They leave the game. All remaining players continue to play the game.
-801.16. If the game somehow enters a â€œloopâ€ of mandatory actions, repeating a sequence of events with no way to stop, the game is a draw for each player who controls an object thatâ€™s involved in that loop, as well as for each player within the range of influence of any of those players. They leave the game. All remaining players continue to play the game.
+801.16. If the game somehow enters a “loop” of mandatory actions, repeating a sequence of events with no way to stop, the game is a draw for each player who controls an object that’s involved in that loop, as well as for each player within the range of influence of any of those players. They leave the game. All remaining players continue to play the game.
-801.17. Effects that restart the game (see rule 717) are exempt from the limited range of influence option. All players in the game will be involved in the new game.
+801.17. Effects that restart the game (see rule 718) are exempt from the limited range of influence option. All players in the game will be involved in the new game.
-801.18. In multiplayer Planechase games other than Grand Melee games, plane cards and phenomenon cards are exempt from the limited range of influence option. Their abilities, and the effects of those abilities, affect all applicable objects and players in the game. See rule 901, â€œPlanechase.â€
+801.18. In multiplayer Planechase games other than Grand Melee games, plane cards and phenomenon cards are exempt from the limited range of influence option. Their abilities, and the effects of those abilities, affect all applicable objects and players in the game. See rule 901, “Planechase.”
 802. Attack Multiple Players Option
 802.1. Some multiplayer games allow the active player to attack multiple other players. If this option is used, a player can also choose to attack only one player during a particular combat.
-802.2. As the combat phase starts, the attacking player doesnâ€™t choose an opponent to become the defending player. Instead, all the attacking playerâ€™s opponents are defending players during the combat phase.
+802.2. As the combat phase starts, the attacking player doesn’t choose an opponent to become the defending player. Instead, all the attacking player’s opponents are defending players during the combat phase.
-802.2a Any rule, object, or effect that refers to a â€œdefending playerâ€ refers to one specific defending player, not to all of the defending players. If an ability of an attacking creature refers to a defending player, or a spell or ability refers to both an attacking creature and a defending player, then unless otherwise specified, the defending player itâ€™s referring to is the player that creature is attacking, or the controller of the planeswalker that creature is attacking. If that creature is no longer attacking, the defending player itâ€™s referring to is the player that creature was attacking before it was removed from combat or the controller of the planeswalker that creature was attacking before it was removed from combat. If a spell or ability could apply to multiple attacking creatures, the appropriate defending player is individually determined for each of those attacking creatures. If there are multiple defending players that could be chosen, the controller of the spell or ability chooses one.
+802.2a Any rule, object, or effect that refers to a “defending player” refers to one specific defending player, not to all of the defending players. If an ability of an attacking creature refers to a defending player, or a spell or ability refers to both an attacking creature and a defending player, then unless otherwise specified, the defending player it’s referring to is the player that creature is attacking, or the controller of the planeswalker that creature is attacking. If that creature is no longer attacking, the defending player it’s referring to is the player that creature was attacking before it was removed from combat or the controller of the planeswalker that creature was attacking before it was removed from combat. If a spell or ability could apply to multiple attacking creatures, the appropriate defending player is individually determined for each of those attacking creatures. If there are multiple defending players that could be chosen, the controller of the spell or ability chooses one.
 Example: Rob attacks Alex with Runeclaw Bear and attacks Carissa with a creature with mountainwalk. Whether the creature with mountainwalk can be blocked depends only on whether Carissa controls a Mountain.
-802.3. As the attacking player declares each attacking creature, he or she chooses a defending player or a planeswalker controlled by a defending player for it to attack. See rule 508, â€œDeclare Attackers Step.â€
+802.3. As the attacking player declares each attacking creature, they choose a defending player or a planeswalker controlled by a defending player for it to attack. See rule 508, “Declare Attackers Step.”
-802.3a Restrictions and requirements that donâ€™t apply to attacking a specific player are evaluated based on the entire group of attacking creatures. Restrictions and requirements that apply to attacking a specific player apply only to creatures attacking that player. The entire group of attacking creatures must still be legal. See rule 508.1.
+802.3a Restrictions and requirements that don’t apply to attacking a specific player are evaluated based on the entire group of attacking creatures. Restrictions and requirements that apply to attacking a specific player apply only to creatures attacking that player. The entire group of attacking creatures must still be legal. See rule 508.1.
-802.3b Creatures in a band canâ€™t attack different players. See rule 702.21, â€œBanding.â€
+802.3b Creatures in a band can’t attack different players. See rule 702.21, “Banding.”
-802.4. If more than one player is being attacked or controls a planeswalker thatâ€™s being attacked, each defending player in APNAP order declares blockers as the declare blockers step begins. (See rule 101.4 and rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step.â€) The first defending player declares all his or her blocks, then the second defending player, and so on.
+802.4. If more than one player is being attacked or controls a planeswalker that’s being attacked, each defending player in APNAP order declares blockers as the declare blockers step begins. (See rule 101.4 and rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step.”) The first defending player declares all their blocks, then the second defending player, and so on.
-802.4a A defending player can block only with creatures he or she controls. Those creatures can block only creatures attacking that player or a planeswalker that player controls.
+802.4a A defending player can block only with creatures they control. Those creatures can block only creatures attacking that player or a planeswalker that player controls.
-802.4b When determining whether a defending playerâ€™s blocks are legal, ignore any creatures attacking other players and any blocking creatures controlled by other players.
+802.4b When determining whether a defending player’s blocks are legal, ignore any creatures attacking other players and any blocking creatures controlled by other players.
-802.5. After blockers have been declared, if any creatures are blocking multiple creatures, each defending player in APNAP order announces the damage assignment order among the attacking creatures for each blocking creature he or she controls. See rule 510, â€œCombat Damage Step.â€
+802.5. After blockers have been declared, if any creatures are blocking multiple creatures, each defending player in APNAP order announces the damage assignment order among the attacking creatures for each blocking creature they control. See rule 510, “Combat Damage Step.”
-802.6. Combat damage is assigned in APNAP order. Other than that, the combat damage step proceeds just as in a two-player game. See rule 510, â€œCombat Damage Step.â€
+802.6. Combat damage is assigned in APNAP order. Other than that, the combat damage step proceeds just as in a two-player game. See rule 510, “Combat Damage Step.”
 803. Attack Left and Attack Right Options
 803.1. Some multiplayer games use the optional attack left or attack right rules.
-803.1a If the attack left option is used, a player can attack only an opponent seated immediately to his or her left. If a playerâ€™s nearest opponent to the left is more than one seat away, the player canâ€™t attack.
+803.1a If the attack left option is used, a player can attack only an opponent seated immediately to their left. If a player’s nearest opponent to the left is more than one seat away, the player can’t attack.
-803.1b If the attack right option is used, a player can attack only an opponent seated immediately to his or her right. If a playerâ€™s nearest opponent to the right is more than one seat away, the player canâ€™t attack.
+803.1b If the attack right option is used, a player can attack only an opponent seated immediately to their right. If a player’s nearest opponent to the right is more than one seat away, the player can’t attack.
 804. Deploy Creatures Option
-804.1. The Emperor variant always uses the deploy creatures option, and it can be used in other variants that allow players to compete in teams. Multiplayer formats in which players compete as individuals usually donâ€™t use this option.
+804.1. The Emperor variant always uses the deploy creatures option, and it can be used in other variants that allow players to compete in teams. Multiplayer formats in which players compete as individuals usually don’t use this option.
-804.2. Each creature has the ability â€œ{T}: Target teammate gains control of this creature. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.â€
+804.2. Each creature has the ability “{T}: Target teammate gains control of this creature. Activate this ability only any time you could cast a sorcery.”
 805. Shared Team Turns Option
-805.1. Some multiplayer games between teams use the shared team turns option. Itâ€™s always used in the Two-Headed Giant variant (see rule 810) and the Archenemy casual variant (see rule 904). It can be used only if the members of each team are sitting in adjacent seats.
+805.1. Some multiplayer games between teams use the shared team turns option. It’s always used in the Two-Headed Giant variant (see rule 810) and the Archenemy casual variant (see rule 904). It can be used only if the members of each team are sitting in adjacent seats.
-805.2. Within each team, the player seated in the rightmost seat from that teamâ€™s perspective is the primary player. If the players on a team canâ€™t agree on a choice, such as which creatures attack or what order triggered abilities are put on the stack, the primary player makes that choice.
+805.2. Within each team, the player seated in the rightmost seat from that team’s perspective is the primary player. If the players on a team can’t agree on a choice, such as which creatures attack or what order triggered abilities are put on the stack, the primary player makes that choice.
 805.3. The methods described in rule 103.2 are used to determine which team will take the first turn. The team determined this way is the starting team.
-805.3a The process for handling mulligans is altered accordingly. First, each player on the starting team, in whatever order that team likes, declares whether or not he or she will take a mulligan. Then the players on each other team in turn order do the same. Teammates may consult while making their decisions. Then all mulligans are taken at the same time. A player may take a mulligan even after his or her teammate has decided to keep his or her opening hand. After all players have kept an opening hand, any player on the starting team whose hand contains fewer cards than that playerâ€™s starting hand size may look at the top card of his or her library. That playerâ€™s teammates may also look at that card. The player may put that card on the bottom of his or her library. This process is repeated for each other team in turn order. See rule 103.4.
+805.3a The process for handling mulligans is altered accordingly. First, each player on the starting team, in whatever order that team likes, declares whether that player will take a mulligan. Then the players on each other team in turn order do the same. Teammates may consult while making their decisions. Then all mulligans are taken at the same time. A player may take a mulligan even after a teammate has decided to keep their opening hand. After all players have kept an opening hand, any player on the starting team whose hand contains fewer cards than that player’s starting hand size may look at the top card of their library. That player’s teammates may also look at that card. The player may put that card on the bottom of their library. This process is repeated for each other team in turn order. See rule 103.4.
-805.3b The process for handling cards that allow a player to begin the game with them on the battlefield is altered accordingly. First, each player on the starting team, in whatever order that team likes, may put any or all such cards onto the battlefield from his or her opening hand. Teammates may consult while making their decisions. Then each player on each other team in turn order does the same.
+805.3b The process for handling cards that allow a player to begin the game with them on the battlefield is altered accordingly. First, each player on the starting team, in whatever order that team likes, may put any or all such cards onto the battlefield from that player’s opening hand. Teammates may consult while making their decisions. Then each player on each other team in turn order does the same.
 805.4. Each team takes turns rather than each player.
 805.4a The team whose turn it is is the active team. Each other team is a nonactive team.
-805.4b Each player on a team draws a card during that teamâ€™s draw step.
+805.4b Each player on a team draws a card during that team’s draw step.
-805.4c Each player on a team may play a land during each of that teamâ€™s turns.
+805.4c Each player on a team may play a land during each of that team’s turns.
 805.5. Teams have priority, not individual players.
-805.5a A player may cast a spell, activate an ability, or take a special action when his or her team has priority.
+805.5a A player may cast a spell, activate an ability, or take a special action when their team has priority.
 805.5b If a team has priority and no player on that team wishes to do anything, that team passes. If all teams pass in succession (that is, if all teams pass without any player taking any actions in between passing), the top object on the stack resolves, then the active team receives priority. If the stack is empty when all teams pass in succession, the phase or step ends and the next one begins.
 805.6. The Active Player, Nonactive Player order rule (see rule 101.4) is modified if the shared team turns option is used. If multiple teams would make choices and/or take actions at the same time, first the active team makes any choices required, then each nonactive team in turn order makes any choices required. If multiple players would make choices and/or take actions at the same time, first each player on the active team makes any choices required in whatever order they like, then the players on each nonactive team in turn order do the same. Once all choices have been made, the actions happen simultaneously.
-805.6a If an effect instructs more than one player to draw cards in a game thatâ€™s using the shared team turns option, first each player on the active team, in whatever order that team likes, performs his or her draws, then each player on each nonactive team in turn order does the same.
+805.6a If an effect instructs more than one player to draw cards in a game that’s using the shared team turns option, first each player on the active team, in whatever order that team likes, performs that player’s draws, then each player on each nonactive team in turn order does the same.
 805.7. If multiple triggered abilities have triggered since the last time a team received priority, the members of the active team put all triggered abilities any of them controls on the stack in any order they choose, then the members of each nonactive team in turn order do the same.
-805.8. If an effect gives a player an extra turn or adds a phase or step to that playerâ€™s turn, that playerâ€™s team takes the extra turn, phase, or step. If an effect causes a player to skip a step, phase, or turn, that playerâ€™s team does so. If a single effect causes more than one player on the same team to add or skip the same step, phase, or turn, that team adds or skips only that step, phase, or turn. If an effect causes a player to control another player, the first player controls the affected playerâ€™s team.
+805.8. If an effect gives a player an extra turn or adds a phase or step to that player’s turn, that player’s team takes the extra turn, phase, or step. If an effect causes a player to skip a step, phase, or turn, that player’s team does so. If a single effect causes more than one player on the same team to add or skip the same step, phase, or turn, that team adds or skips only that step, phase, or turn. If an effect causes a player to control another player, the first player controls the affected player’s team.
-805.9. Any ability that refers to the â€œactive playerâ€ refers to one specific active player, not to all of the active players. The abilityâ€™s controller chooses which one the ability refers to at the time its effect is applied.
+805.9. Any ability that refers to the “active player” refers to one specific active player, not to all of the active players. The ability’s controller chooses which one the ability refers to at the time its effect is applied.
 805.10. The shared team turns option uses different combat rules than other multiplayer options.
-805.10a Each teamâ€™s creatures attack the other team as a group. During the combat phase, the active team is the attacking team and each player on the active team is an attacking player. Likewise, the nonactive team is the defending team and each player on the nonactive team is a defending player.
+805.10a Each team’s creatures attack the other team as a group. During the combat phase, the active team is the attacking team and each player on the active team is an attacking player. Likewise, the nonactive team is the defending team and each player on the nonactive team is a defending player.
 805.10b As the declare attackers step begins, the active team declares attackers. For each attacking creature, the attacking team announces which defending player or planeswalker that creature is attacking. The active team has one combined attack, and that set of attacking creatures must be legal as a whole. See rule 508.1.
-805.10c Any rule, object, or effect that refers to an â€œattacking playerâ€ refers to one specific attacking player, not to all of the attacking players. If an ability of a blocking creature refers to an attacking player, or a spell or ability refers to both a blocking creature and an attacking player, then unless otherwise specified, the attacking player itâ€™s referring to is the player who controls that attacking creature. If a spell or ability could apply to multiple blocking creatures, the appropriate attacking player is individually determined for each of those blocking creatures. If there are multiple attacking players that could be chosen, the controller of the spell or ability chooses one.
+805.10c Any rule, object, or effect that refers to an “attacking player” refers to one specific attacking player, not to all attacking players. If an ability of a blocking creature refers to an attacking player, or a spell or ability refers to both a blocking creature and an attacking player, then unless otherwise specified, the attacking player it’s referring to is the player who controls the attacking creature that blocking creature is blocking. If a spell or ability could apply to multiple blocking creatures, the appropriate attacking player is individually determined for each of those blocking creatures. If there are multiple attacking players that could be chosen, the controller of the spell or ability chooses one.
 805.10d As the declare blockers step begins, the defending team declares blockers. Creatures controlled by the defending players can block creatures attacking any player on the defending team or attacking a planeswalker controlled by one of those players. The defending team has one combined block, and that set of blocking creatures must be legal as a whole. See rule 509.1.
-805.10e Any rule, object, or effect that refers to a â€œdefending playerâ€ refers to one specific defending player, not to all of the defending players. If an ability of an attacking creature refers to a defending player, or a spell or ability refers to both an attacking creature and a defending player, then unless otherwise specified, the defending player itâ€™s referring to is the player that creature is attacking, or the controller of the planeswalker that creature is attacking. If that creature is no longer attacking, the defending player itâ€™s referring to is the player that creature was attacking before it was removed from combat or the controller of the planeswalker that creature was attacking before it was removed from combat. If a spell or ability could apply to multiple attacking creatures, the appropriate defending player is individually determined for each of those attacking creatures. If there are multiple defending players that could be chosen, the controller of the spell or ability chooses one.
+805.10e Any rule, object, or effect that refers to a “defending player” refers to one specific defending player, not to all of the defending players. If an ability of an attacking creature refers to a defending player, or a spell or ability refers to both an attacking creature and a defending player, then unless otherwise specified, the defending player it’s referring to is the player that creature is attacking, or the controller of the planeswalker that creature is attacking. If that creature is no longer attacking, the defending player it’s referring to is the player that creature was attacking before it was removed from combat or the controller of the planeswalker that creature was attacking before it was removed from combat. If a spell or ability could apply to multiple attacking creatures, the appropriate defending player is individually determined for each of those attacking creatures. If there are multiple defending players that could be chosen, the controller of the spell or ability chooses one.
-805.10f Once blockers have been declared, for each attacking creature thatâ€™s become blocked by multiple creatures, the active team announces the damage assignment order among the blocking creatures. Then, for each creature thatâ€™s blocking multiple creatures, the defending team announces the damage assignment order among the attacking creatures.
+805.10f Once blockers have been declared, for each attacking creature that’s become blocked by multiple creatures, the active team announces the damage assignment order among the blocking creatures. Then, for each creature that’s blocking multiple creatures, the defending team announces the damage assignment order among the attacking creatures.
 805.10g As the combat damage step begins, the active team announces how each attacking creature will assign its combat damage. Then the defending team announces how each blocking creature will assign its combat damage. See rule 510.1.
 806. Free-for-All Variant
 806.1. In Free-for-All multiplayer games, a group of players compete as individuals against each other.
 806.2. Any multiplayer options used are determined before play begins. The Free-for-All variant uses the following default options.
-806.2a The limited range of influence option usually isnâ€™t used in Free-for-All games. If it is, each player has the same range of influence, which is determined before play begins. See rule 801, â€œLimited Range of Influence Option.â€
+806.2a The limited range of influence option usually isn’t used in Free-for-All games. If it is, each player has the same range of influence, which is determined before play begins. See rule 801, “Limited Range of Influence Option.”
-806.2b Exactly one of the attack left, attack right, and attack multiple players options must be used. See rule 803, â€œAttack Left and Attack Right Options,â€ and rule 802, â€œAttack Multiple Players Option.â€
+806.2b Exactly one of the attack left, attack right, and attack multiple players options must be used. See rule 803, “Attack Left and Attack Right Options,” and rule 802, “Attack Multiple Players Option.”
-806.2c The deploy creatures option isnâ€™t used in the Free-for-All variant.
+806.2c The deploy creatures option isn’t used in the Free-for-All variant.
 806.3. The players are randomly seated around the table.
 807. Grand Melee Variant
 807.2a Each player has a range of influence of 1 (see rule 801).
 807.2b The attack left option is used (see rule 803).
-807.2c The attack multiple players and deploy creatures options arenâ€™t used in the Grand Melee variant.
+807.2c The attack multiple players and deploy creatures options aren’t used in the Grand Melee variant.
 807.3. The players are seated at random.
-807.4. The Grand Melee variant allows multiple players to take turns at the same time. Moving turn markers keep track of which players are currently taking turns. Each turn marker represents an active playerâ€™s turn.
+807.4. The Grand Melee variant allows multiple players to take turns at the same time. Moving turn markers keep track of which players are currently taking turns. Each turn marker represents an active player’s turn.
 807.4a There is one turn marker for each full four players in the game.
 Example: A Grand Melee game with sixteen players has four turn markers. A game with fifteen players has three turn markers.
-807.4b The starting player in the game gets the first turn marker. The player four seats to that playerâ€™s left (the fifth player) takes the second turn marker, and so on until all the turn markers have been handed out. Each turn marker is assigned a number in this way. Then all players with turn markers start their turns at the same time.
+807.4b The starting player in the game gets the first turn marker. The player four seats to that player’s left (the fifth player) takes the second turn marker, and so on until all the turn markers have been handed out. Each turn marker is assigned a number in this way. Then all players with turn markers start their turns at the same time.
-807.4c After a player ends his or her turn, that player passes the turn marker to the player on his or her left. If a player with a turn marker leaves the game during his or her turn, the player to his or her left takes the turn marker after that turn ends. If a player with a turn marker leaves the game before his or her turn begins, the player to his or her left takes the turn marker immediately.
+807.4c After a player ends their turn, that player passes the turn marker to the player on their left. If a player with a turn marker leaves the game during their turn, the player to their left takes the turn marker after that turn ends. If a player with a turn marker leaves the game before their turn begins, the player to their left takes the turn marker immediately.
-807.4d A player who receives a turn marker canâ€™t begin his or her turn if any player in the three seats to his or her left has a turn marker. If this is the case, that player waits until the player four seats to his or her left takes the other turn marker.
+807.4d A player who receives a turn marker can’t begin their turn if any player in the three seats to their left has a turn marker. If this is the case, that player waits until the player four seats to their left takes the other turn marker.
-807.4e If a player leaves the game and that player leaving the game would reduce the number of turn markers in the game, the turn marker immediately to the departed playerâ€™s right is designated for removal. If more than one player leaves the game simultaneously, those players leaving the game would reduce the number of turn markers in the game, and there are multiple turn markers that could be removed, the marker with the lowest number is designated for removal. A turn marker may be designated for removal multiple times.
+807.4e If a player leaves the game and that player leaving the game would reduce the number of turn markers in the game, the turn marker immediately to the departed player’s right is designated for removal. If more than one player leaves the game simultaneously, those players leaving the game would reduce the number of turn markers in the game, and there are multiple turn markers that could be removed, the marker with the lowest number is designated for removal. A turn marker may be designated for removal multiple times.
 807.4f For the purposes of determining if one or more players leaving the game would reduce the number of turn markers in the game (see rule 807.4e), disregard turn markers already designated for removal.
-807.4g If a player whoâ€™s taking a turn has a turn marker thatâ€™s been designated for removal, that turn marker is removed rather than being passed after that turn ends. If a player whoâ€™s not taking a turn has a turn marker thatâ€™s been designated for removal, that turn marker is removed immediately. If a removed turn marker had been designated for removal multiple times, the turn marker to its right becomes designated for removal that many times minus one.
+807.4g If a player who’s taking a turn has a turn marker that’s been designated for removal, that turn marker is removed rather than being passed after that turn ends. If a player who’s not taking a turn has a turn marker that’s been designated for removal, that turn marker is removed immediately. If a removed turn marker had been designated for removal multiple times, the turn marker to its right becomes designated for removal that many times minus one.
-807.4h If one or more consecutively seated players leave the game, the players that were on either side of those seats donâ€™t enter one anotherâ€™s range of influence until the next turn begins.
+807.4h If one or more consecutively seated players leave the game, the players that were on either side of those seats don’t enter one another’s range of influence until the next turn begins.
-807.4i If an effect causes a player with a turn marker to take an extra turn after the current one, that player keeps the turn marker and starts his or her next turn after the current turn ends, unless another turn marker is too close on either side at that time. If a turn marker is within three seats on the playerâ€™s left, the extra turn waits to begin until the player four seats to his or her left takes the other turn marker. If a turn marker is within three seats on the playerâ€™s right, the player passes the turn marker to his or her left when the turn ends rather than keeping it, and the player will take the extra turn immediately before his or her next turn.
+807.4i If an effect causes a player with a turn marker to take an extra turn after the current one, that player keeps the turn marker and starts their next turn after the current turn ends, unless another turn marker is too close on either side at that time. If a turn marker is within three seats on the player’s left, the extra turn waits to begin until the player four seats to their left takes the other turn marker. If a turn marker is within three seats on the player’s right, the player passes the turn marker to their left when the turn ends rather than keeping it, and the player will take the extra turn immediately before their next turn.
-807.4j If an effect would cause a player to take an extra turn after the current turn, but that player wouldnâ€™t have a turn marker at the start of that turn, that player will take the extra turn immediately before his or her next turn instead.
+807.4j If an effect would cause a player to take an extra turn after the current turn, but that player wouldn’t have a turn marker at the start of that turn, that player will take the extra turn immediately before their next turn instead.
-Example: During Alexâ€™s turn, he casts Time Walk, which causes him to take an extra turn after this one. During the same turn, the player to Alexâ€™s left leaves the game, which causes the number of turn markers to be reduced. After Alexâ€™s current turn ends, his turn marker is removed. He wonâ€™t take the extra turn from Time Walk until just before his normal turn the next time he receives a turn marker.
+Example: During Alex’s turn, he casts Time Walk, which causes him to take an extra turn after this one. During the same turn, the player to Alex’s left leaves the game, which causes the number of turn markers to be reduced. After Alex’s current turn ends, his turn marker is removed. He won’t take the extra turn from Time Walk until just before his normal turn the next time he receives a turn marker.
 807.5. Rather than having a single stack, Grand Melee games contain multiple stacks. Each turn marker represents its own stack.
-807.5a A player gets priority for a particular turn markerâ€™s stack only if the turn marker is within his or her range of influence or an object on that stack is controlled by a player within his or her range of influence.
+807.5a A player gets priority for a particular turn marker’s stack only if the turn marker is within their range of influence or an object on that stack is controlled by a player within their range of influence.
-807.5b If a player has priority for multiple stacks and casts a spell, activates an ability, or a triggered ability he or she controls triggers, the player must specify which one of those stacks the spell or ability is put on. If an object on one of those stacks caused the triggered ability to trigger, the player must put it on that stack. If a resolving spell or ability on one of those stacks causes a player to cast a spell or create a copy of a spell, the new spell must be put on the same stack. If a spell or ability targets an object on one of those stacks, it must be put on the same stack as its target; it canâ€™t target objects on multiple stacks.
+807.5b If a player has priority for multiple stacks and casts a spell, activates an ability, or a triggered ability they control triggers, the player must specify which one of those stacks the spell or ability is put on. If an object on one of those stacks caused the triggered ability to trigger, the player must put it on that stack. If a resolving spell or ability on one of those stacks causes a player to cast a spell or create a copy of a spell, the new spell must be put on the same stack. If a spell or ability targets an object on one of those stacks, it must be put on the same stack as its target; it can’t target objects on multiple stacks.
 808. Team vs. Team Variant
 808.1. Team vs. Team games are played with two or more teams. Each team may have any number of players on it.
 808.3. Any multiplayer options used are determined before play begins. The Team vs. Team variant uses the following default options.
 808.3a The attack multiple players option is used (see rule 802).
-808.3b The deploy creatures options and limited range of influence options usually arenâ€™t used in the Team vs. Team variant.
+808.3b The deploy creatures options and limited range of influence options usually aren’t used in the Team vs. Team variant.
-808.4. To determine which player goes first, randomly choose a team. If that team has an odd number of players, the player in its center seat goes first. If that team has an even number of players, the player to the left of its midpoint goes first. Turn order goes to the playersâ€™ left.
+808.4. To determine which player goes first, randomly choose a team. If that team has an odd number of players, the player in its center seat goes first. If that team has an even number of players, the player to the left of its midpoint goes first. Turn order goes to the players’ left.
-808.5. In the Team vs. Team variant, a teamâ€™s resources (cards in hand, mana, and so on) are not shared. Teammates may review each otherâ€™s hands and discuss strategies at any time. Teammates canâ€™t manipulate each otherâ€™s cards or permanents.
+808.5. In the Team vs. Team variant, a team’s resources (cards in hand, mana, and so on) are not shared. Teammates may review each other’s hands and discuss strategies at any time. Teammates can’t manipulate each other’s cards or permanents.
 809. Emperor Variant
 809.1. The Emperor variant involves two or more teams of three players each.
-809.2. Each team sits together on one side of the table. Each team decides the order in which itâ€™s seated. Each team has one emperor, who sits in the middle of the team. The remaining players on the team are generals whose job is to protect the emperor.
+809.2. Each team sits together on one side of the table. Each team decides the order in which it’s seated. Each team has one emperor, who sits in the middle of the team. The remaining players on the team are generals whose job is to protect the emperor.
 809.3. The Emperor variant uses the following default options.
-809.3a The range of influence is limited to 2 for emperors and 1 for generals. See rule 801, â€œLimited Range of Influence Option.â€
+809.3a The range of influence is limited to 2 for emperors and 1 for generals. See rule 801, “Limited Range of Influence Option.”
 809.3b Emperor games use the deploy creatures option (see rule 804).
-809.3c A player can attack only an opponent seated immediately next to him or her.
+809.3c A player can attack only an opponent seated immediately next to them.
 Example: At the start of an Emperor game, neither emperor can attack any opponents, even though both of the opposing generals are within their spell range.
-809.4. Randomly determine which emperor goes first. Turn order goes to the playersâ€™ left.
+809.4. Randomly determine which emperor goes first. Turn order goes to the players’ left.
 809.5. The Emperor variant includes the following specifications for winning and losing the game. All other rules for ending the game also apply. (See rule 104.)
 809.5a A team wins the game if its emperor wins.
 809.5c The game is a draw for a team if the game is a draw for its emperor.
 809.6. The Emperor variant can also be played with any number of equally sized teams. If the teams have more than three players, the range of influence of each player should be adjusted.
-809.6a Each generalâ€™s range of influence should be the minimum number that allows one general from an opposing team to begin the game within his or her range of influence. Each emperorâ€™s range of influence should be the minimum number that allows two generals from opposing teams to begin the game within his or her range of influence. Players should be seated such that no emperor begins the game within the range of influence of another emperor.
+809.6a Each general’s range of influence should be the minimum number that allows one general from an opposing team to begin the game within their range of influence. Each emperor’s range of influence should be the minimum number that allows two generals from opposing teams to begin the game within their range of influence. Players should be seated such that no emperor begins the game within the range of influence of another emperor.
 Example: In an Emperor game between two teams of four players each, the player configuration (either clockwise or counterclockwise around the table) should be: Team A general 1, Team A emperor, Team A general 2, Team A general 3, Team B general 1, Team B emperor, Team B general 2, Team B general 3. Each emperor has range of influence 3. Each general 2 has range of influence 2. Each general 1 and general 3 has range of influence 1.
-809.7. In the Emperor variant, a teamâ€™s resources (cards in hand, mana, and so on) are not shared. Teammates may review each otherâ€™s hands and discuss strategies at any time. Teammates canâ€™t manipulate each otherâ€™s cards or permanents.
+809.7. In the Emperor variant, a team’s resources (cards in hand, mana, and so on) are not shared. Teammates may review each other’s hands and discuss strategies at any time. Teammates can’t manipulate each other’s cards or permanents.
 810. Two-Headed Giant Variant
 810.1. Two-Headed Giant games are played with two teams of two players each.
 810.3. Each team sits together on one side of the table. Each team decides the order in which its players sit.
 810.4. Each team has a shared life total, which starts at 30 life.
-810.5. With the exception of life total and poison counters, a teamâ€™s resources (cards in hand, mana, and so on) are not shared in the Two-Headed Giant variant. Teammates may review each otherâ€™s hands and discuss strategies at any time. Teammates canâ€™t manipulate each otherâ€™s cards or permanents.
+810.5. With the exception of life total and poison counters, a team’s resources (cards in hand, mana, and so on) are not shared in the Two-Headed Giant variant. Teammates may review each other’s hands and discuss strategies at any time. Teammates can’t manipulate each other’s cards or permanents.
 810.6. The team who plays first skips the draw step of its first turn.
-810.7. The Two-Headed Giant variant uses a modified version of the combat rules for the shared team turns option.
+810.7. The Two-Headed Giant variant uses the combat rules for the shared team turns option (see rule 805.10). This is a change from previous rules.
-810.7a Each teamâ€™s creatures attack the other team as a group. During the combat phase, the active team is the attacking team and each player on the active team is an attacking player. Likewise, the nonactive team is the defending team and each player on the nonactive team is a defending player.
-810.7b Any one-shot effect that refers to the â€œdefending playerâ€ refers to one specific defending player, not to both of the defending players. The controller of the effect chooses which one the spell or ability refers to at the time the effect is applied. The same is true for any one-shot effect that refers to the â€œattacking player.â€
-Any characteristic-defining ability that refers to the â€œdefending playerâ€ refers to one specific defending player, not to both of the defending players. The controller of the object with the characteristic-defining ability chooses which one the ability refers to at the time the nonactive players become defending players. If that time has already occurred, that player makes that choice as the object enters the battlefield or gains the ability.
-All other cases in which the â€œdefending playerâ€ is referred to actually refer to both defending players. If the reference involves a positive comparison (such as asking whether the defending player controls an Island) or a relative comparison (such as asking whether you control more creatures than the defending player), it gets only one answer. This answer is â€œyesâ€ if either defending player in the comparison would return a â€œyesâ€ answer if compared individually. If the reference involves a negative comparison (such as asking whether the defending player controls no black permanents), it also gets only one answer. This answer is â€œyesâ€ if performing the analogous positive comparison would return a â€œnoâ€ answer. The same is true for all other cases that refer to the â€œattacking player.â€
-810.7c As the declare attackers step begins, the active team declares attackers. If an effect of an object controlled by a defending player prohibits a creature from attacking him or her, that creature canâ€™t attack the defending team. The active team has one combined attack, and that set of attacking creatures must be legal as a whole. See rule 508.1.
-Example: One player in a Two-Headed Giant game controls Teferiâ€™s Moat, which says â€œAs Teferiâ€™s Moat enters the battlefield, choose a color.â€ and â€œCreatures of the chosen color without flying canâ€™t attack you.â€ Creatures of the chosen color without flying canâ€™t attack that playerâ€™s team.
-810.7d As the declare blockers step begins, the defending team declares blockers. Creatures controlled by the defending players can block any attacking creatures. The defending team has one combined block, and that set of blocking creatures must be legal as a whole. See rule 509.1.
-Example: If an attacking creature has forestwalk and either player on the defending team controls a Forest, the creature canâ€™t be blocked.
-810.7e Once blockers have been declared, for each attacking creature thatâ€™s become blocked by multiple creatures, the active team announces the damage assignment order among the blocking creatures. Then, for each creature thatâ€™s blocking multiple creatures, the defending team announces the damage assignment order among the attacking creatures.
-810.7f As the combat damage step begins, the active team announces how each attacking creature will assign its combat damage. If an attacking creature would assign combat damage to the defending team, the active team chooses only one of the defending players for that creature to assign its combat damage to. Then the defending team announces how each blocking creature will assign its combat damage. See rule 510.1.
 810.8. The Two-Headed Giant variant uses the normal rules for winning or losing the game (see rule 104), with the following additions and specifications.
-810.8a Players win and lose the game only as a team, not as individuals. If either player on a team loses the game, the team loses the game. If either player on a team wins the game, the entire team wins the game. If an effect says that a player canâ€™t win the game, that playerâ€™s team canâ€™t win the game. If an effect says that a player canâ€™t lose the game, that playerâ€™s team canâ€™t lose the game.
+810.8a Players win and lose the game only as a team, not as individuals. If either player on a team loses the game, the team loses the game. If either player on a team wins the game, the entire team wins the game. If an effect says that a player can’t win the game, that player’s team can’t win the game. If an effect says that a player can’t lose the game, that player’s team can’t lose the game.
-Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, a player controls Transcendence, which reads, in part, â€œYou donâ€™t lose the game for having 0 or less life.â€ If that playerâ€™s teamâ€™s life total is 0 or less, that team doesnâ€™t lose the game.
+Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, a player controls Transcendence, which reads, in part, “You don’t lose the game for having 0 or less life.” If that player’s team’s life total is 0 or less, that team doesn’t lose the game.
-Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, a player attempts to draw a card while there are no cards in that playerâ€™s library. That player loses the game, so that playerâ€™s entire team loses the game.
+Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, a player attempts to draw a card while there are no cards in that player’s library. That player loses the game, so that player’s entire team loses the game.
-Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, a player controls Platinum Angel, which reads, â€œYou canâ€™t lose the game and your opponents canâ€™t win the game.â€ Neither that player nor his or her teammate can lose the game while Platinum Angel is on the battlefield, and neither player on the opposing team can win the game.
+Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, a player controls Platinum Angel, which reads, “You can’t lose the game and your opponents can’t win the game.” Neither that player nor their teammate can lose the game while Platinum Angel is on the battlefield, and neither player on the opposing team can win the game.
-810.8b If a player concedes, his or her team leaves the game immediately. That team loses the game.
+810.8b If a player concedes, their team leaves the game immediately. That team loses the game.
-810.8c If a teamâ€™s life total is 0 or less, the team loses the game. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
+810.8c If a team’s life total is 0 or less, the team loses the game. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
 810.8d If a team has fifteen or more poison counters, that team loses the game. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
-810.9. Damage, loss of life, and gaining life happen to each player individually. The result is applied to the teamâ€™s shared life total.
+810.9. Damage, loss of life, and gaining life happen to each player individually. The result is applied to the team’s shared life total.
-Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, a player casts Flame Rift, which reads, â€œFlame Rift deals 4 damage to each player.â€ Each team is dealt a total of 8 damage.
+Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, a player casts Flame Rift, which reads, “Flame Rift deals 4 damage to each player.” Each team is dealt a total of 8 damage.
-810.9a If a cost or effect needs to know the value of an individual playerâ€™s life total, that cost or effect uses the teamâ€™s life total instead.
+810.9a If a cost or effect needs to know the value of an individual player’s life total, that cost or effect uses the team’s life total instead.
-Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, a player on a team that has 17 life is targeted by Beacon of Immortality, which reads, in part, â€œDouble target playerâ€™s life total.â€ That player gains 17 life, so the team winds up at 34 life.
+Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, a player on a team that has 17 life is targeted by Beacon of Immortality, which reads, in part, “Double target player’s life total.” That player gains 17 life, so the team winds up at 34 life.
-Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, a player controls Test of Endurance, an enchantment that reads, â€œAt the beginning of your upkeep, if you have 50 or more life, you win the game.â€ At the beginning of that playerâ€™s upkeep, the playerâ€™s team wins the game if his or her teamâ€™s life total is 50 or more.
+Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, a player controls Test of Endurance, an enchantment that reads, “At the beginning of your upkeep, if you have 50 or more life, you win the game.” At the beginning of that player’s upkeep, the player’s team wins the game if their team’s life total is 50 or more.
-Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, a player on a team that has 11 life controls Lurking Evil, an enchantment that reads, â€œPay half your life, rounded up: Lurking Evil becomes a 4/4 Horror creature with flying.â€ To activate the ability, that player must pay 6 life. The team winds up at 5 life.
+Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, a player on a team that has 11 life controls Lurking Evil, an enchantment that reads, “Pay half your life, rounded up: Lurking Evil becomes a 4/4 Horror creature with flying.” To activate the ability, that player must pay 6 life. The team winds up at 5 life.
-810.9b If a cost or effect allows both members of a team to pay life simultaneously, the total amount of life they pay may not exceed their teamâ€™s life total. (Players can always pay 0 life.)
+810.9b If a cost or effect allows both members of a team to pay life simultaneously, the total amount of life they pay may not exceed their team’s life total. (Players can always pay 0 life.)
-810.9c If an effect sets a single playerâ€™s life total to a specific number, the player gains or loses the necessary amount of life to end up with the new total. The teamâ€™s life total is adjusted by the amount of life that player gained or lost.
+810.9c If an effect sets a single player’s life total to a specific number, the player gains or loses the necessary amount of life to end up with the new total. The team’s life total is adjusted by the amount of life that player gained or lost.
-Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, a player on a team that has 25 life is targeted by an ability that reads, â€œTarget playerâ€™s life total becomes 10.â€ That playerâ€™s life total is considered to be 25, so that player loses 15 life. The team winds up at 10 life.
+Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, a player on a team that has 25 life is targeted by an ability that reads, “Target player’s life total becomes 10.” That player’s life total is considered to be 25, so that player loses 15 life. The team winds up at 10 life.
 810.9d If an effect would set the life total of each player on a team to a number, that team chooses one of its members. On that team, only that player is affected.
-Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, one team has 7 life and the other team has 13 life. A player casts Repay in Kind, which reads, â€œEach playerâ€™s life total becomes the lowest life total among all players.â€ Each team chooses one of its members to be affected. The result is that the chosen player on the team that has 13 life loses 6 life, so that teamâ€™s life total winds up at 7.
+Example: In a Two-Headed Giant game, one team has 7 life and the other team has 13 life. A player casts Repay in Kind, which reads, “Each player’s life total becomes the lowest life total among all players.” Each team chooses one of its members to be affected. The result is that the chosen player on the team that has 13 life loses 6 life, so that team’s life total winds up at 7.
-810.9e A player canâ€™t exchange life totals with his or her teammate. If an effect would cause that to occur, the exchange wonâ€™t happen.
+810.9e A player can’t exchange life totals with their teammate. If an effect would cause that to occur, the exchange won’t happen.
-810.9f If an effect instructs a player to redistribute any number of playersâ€™ life totals, that player may not affect more than one member of each team this way.
+810.9f If an effect instructs a player to redistribute any number of players’ life totals, that player may not affect more than one member of each team this way.
-810.9g If an effect says that a player canâ€™t gain life, no player on that playerâ€™s team can gain life.
+810.9g If an effect says that a player can’t gain life, no player on that player’s team can gain life.
-810.9h If an effect says that a player canâ€™t lose life, no player on that playerâ€™s team can lose life or pay any amount of life other than 0.
+810.9h If an effect says that a player can’t lose life, no player on that player’s team can lose life or pay any amount of life other than 0.
 810.10. Effects that cause players to get poison counters happen to each player individually. The poison counters are shared by the team.
-810.10a If an effect needs to know how many poison counters an individual player has, that effect uses the number of poison counters that playerâ€™s team has. If an effect needs to know how many poison counters a playerâ€™s opponents have, that effect uses the number of poison counters opposing teams have.
+810.10a If an effect needs to know how many poison counters an individual player has, that effect uses the number of poison counters that player’s team has. If an effect needs to know how many poison counters a player’s opponents have, that effect uses the number of poison counters opposing teams have.
-810.10b If an effect says that a player loses poison counters, that playerâ€™s team loses that many poison counters.
+810.10b If an effect says that a player loses poison counters, that player’s team loses that many poison counters.
-810.10c If an effect says that a player canâ€™t get poison counters, no player on that playerâ€™s team can get poison counters.
+810.10c If an effect says that a player can’t get poison counters, no player on that player’s team can get poison counters.
-810.10d If a rule or effect needs to know what kinds of counters an individual player has, that effect uses the kinds of counters that player has and the kinds of counters that playerâ€™s team has. A player is â€œpoisonedâ€ if his or her team has one or more poison counters.
+810.10d If a rule or effect needs to know what kinds of counters an individual player has, that effect uses the kinds of counters that player has and the kinds of counters that player’s team has. A player is “poisoned” if that player’s team has one or more poison counters.
-810.11. The Two-Headed Giant variant can also be played with equally sized teams of more than two players. For each player a team has beyond the second, that teamâ€™s starting life total is increased by 15 and the number of poison counters required for the team to lose is increased by five. (These variants are called Three-Headed Giant, Four-Headed Giant, and so on.)
+810.11. The Two-Headed Giant variant can also be played with equally sized teams of more than two players. For each player a team has beyond the second, that team’s starting life total is increased by 15 and the number of poison counters required for the team to lose is increased by five. (These variants are called Three-Headed Giant, Four-Headed Giant, and so on.)
 811. Alternating Teams Variant
 811.1. Alternating Teams games are played with two or more teams of equal size.
 811.2. Any multiplayer options used are determined before play begins. The Alternating Teams variant uses the following default options.
-811.2a The recommended range of influence is 2. See rule 801, â€œLimited Range of Influence Option.â€
+811.2a The recommended range of influence is 2. See rule 801, “Limited Range of Influence Option.”
-811.2b Exactly one of the attack left, attack right, and attack multiple players options must be used. See rule 803, â€œAttack Left and Attack Right Options,â€ and rule 802, â€œAttack Multiple Players Option.â€
+811.2b Exactly one of the attack left, attack right, and attack multiple players options must be used. See rule 803, “Attack Left and Attack Right Options,” and rule 802, “Attack Multiple Players Option.”
-811.2c The deploy creatures option isnâ€™t normally used in the Alternating Teams variant.
+811.2c The deploy creatures option isn’t normally used in the Alternating Teams variant.
 811.3. At the start of the game, players are seated so that no one is next to a teammate and each team is equally spaced out.
 Example: In an Alternating Teams game with three teams, A, B, and C, the seating around the table at the start of the game is A1, B1, C1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3, and so on.
-811.4. A player canâ€™t attack opponents who arenâ€™t seated next to him or her.
+811.4. A player can’t attack opponents who aren’t seated next to them.
-811.5. In the Alternating Teams variant, a teamâ€™s resources (cards in hand, mana, and so on) are not shared. Teammates canâ€™t review each otherâ€™s hands unless they are sitting next to each other. Teammates may discuss strategies at any time. Teammates canâ€™t manipulate each otherâ€™s cards or permanents.
+811.5. In the Alternating Teams variant, a team’s resources (cards in hand, mana, and so on) are not shared. Teammates can’t review each other’s hands unless they are sitting next to each other. Teammates may discuss strategies at any time. Teammates can’t manipulate each other’s cards or permanents.
 9. Casual Variants
 900. General
 901. Planechase
 901.1. In the Planechase variant, plane cards and phenomenon cards add additional abilities and randomness to the game. The Planechase variant uses all the normal rules for a Magic game, with the following additions.
-901.2. A Planechase game may be a two-player game or a multiplayer game. The default multiplayer setup is the Free-for-All variant with the attack multiple players option and without the limited range of influence option. See rule 806, â€œFree-for-All Variant.â€
+901.2. A Planechase game may be a two-player game or a multiplayer game. The default multiplayer setup is the Free-for-All variant with the attack multiple players option and without the limited range of influence option. See rule 806, “Free-for-All Variant.”
-901.3. In addition to the normal game materials, each player needs a planar deck of at least ten plane and/or phenomenon cards and the game needs one planar die. No more than two cards in a planar deck can be phenomenon cards. Each card in a planar deck must have a different English name. (See rule 309, â€œPlanes,â€ and rule 310, â€œPhenomena.â€)
+901.3. In addition to the normal game materials, each player needs a planar deck of at least ten plane and/or phenomenon cards and the game needs one planar die. No more than two cards in a planar deck can be phenomenon cards. Each card in a planar deck must have a different English name. (See rule 309, “Planes,” and rule 310, “Phenomena.”)
 901.3a A planar die is a six-sided die. One face has the Planeswalker symbol {PW}. One face has the chaos symbol {CHAOS}. The other faces are blank.
-901.4. At the start of the game, each player shuffles his or her planar deck so that the cards are in a random order. Each deck is placed face down next to its ownerâ€™s library. All plane and phenomenon cards remain in the command zone throughout the game, both while theyâ€™re part of a planar deck and while theyâ€™re face up.
+901.4. At the start of the game, each player shuffles their planar deck so that the cards are in a random order. Each deck is placed face down next to its owner’s library. All plane and phenomenon cards remain in the command zone throughout the game, both while they’re part of a planar deck and while they’re face up.
-901.5. Once all players have kept their opening hands and used the abilities of cards that allow them to take an action with those cards from their opening hands, the starting player moves the top card of his or her planar deck off that planar deck and turns it face up. If itâ€™s a plane card, that card is the starting plane. If itâ€™s a phenomenon card, the player puts that card on the bottom of his or her planar deck and repeats this process until a plane card is turned face up. (See rule 103.6.) No abilities of any card turned face up this way trigger during this process.
+901.5. Once all players have kept their opening hands and used the abilities of cards that allow them to take an action with those cards from their opening hands, the starting player moves the top card of their planar deck off that planar deck and turns it face up. If it’s a phenomenon card, the player puts that card on the bottom of their planar deck and repeats this process until a plane card is turned face up. (See rule 103.6.) No abilities of any card turned face up this way trigger during this process. The face-up plane card becomes the starting plane.
-901.6. The owner of a plane or phenomenon card is the player who started the game with it in his or her planar deck. The controller of a face-up plane or phenomenon card is the player designated as the planar controller. Normally, the planar controller is whoever the active player is. However, if the current planar controller would leave the game, instead the next player in turn order that wouldnâ€™t leave the game becomes the planar controller, then the old planar controller leaves the game. The new planar controller retains that designation until he or she leaves the game or a different player becomes the active player, whichever comes first.
+901.6. The owner of a plane or phenomenon card is the player who started the game with it in their planar deck. The controller of a face-up plane or phenomenon card is the player designated as the planar controller. Normally, the planar controller is whoever the active player is. However, if the current planar controller would leave the game, instead the next player in turn order that wouldn’t leave the game becomes the planar controller, then the old planar controller leaves the game. The new planar controller retains that designation until they leave the game or a different player becomes the active player, whichever comes first.
-901.7. Any abilities of a face-up plane card or phenomenon card in the command zone function from that zone. The cardâ€™s static abilities affect the game, its triggered abilities may trigger, and its activated abilities may be activated.
+901.7. Any abilities of a face-up plane card or phenomenon card in the command zone function from that zone. The card’s static abilities affect the game, its triggered abilities may trigger, and its activated abilities may be activated.
-901.7a A face-up plane card or phenomenon card thatâ€™s turned face down becomes a new object.
+901.7a A face-up plane card or phenomenon card that’s turned face down becomes a new object.
-901.8. Planechase games have an inherent triggered ability known as the â€œplaneswalking ability.â€ The full text of this ability is â€œWhenever you roll {PW}, planeswalk.â€ (See rule 701.22, â€œPlaneswalk.â€) This ability has no source and is controlled by the player whose planar die roll caused it to trigger. This is an exception to rule 112.8.
+901.8. Planechase games have an inherent triggered ability known as the “planeswalking ability.” The full text of this ability is “Whenever you roll {PW}, planeswalk.” (See rule 701.23, “Planeswalk.”) This ability has no source and is controlled by the player whose planar die roll caused it to trigger. This is an exception to rule 112.8.
-901.9. Any time the active player has priority and the stack is empty, but only during a main phase of his or her turn, that player may roll the planar die. Taking this action costs a player an amount of mana equal to the number of times he or she has previously taken this action on that turn. This is a special action and doesnâ€™t use the stack. Note that this number wonâ€™t be equal to the number of times the player has rolled the planar die that turn if an effect has caused the player to roll the planar die that turn. (See rule 115.2g.)
+901.9. Any time the active player has priority and the stack is empty, but only during a main phase of their turn, that player may roll the planar die. Taking this action costs a player an amount of mana equal to the number of times they have previously taken this action on that turn. This is a special action and doesn’t use the stack. Note that this number won’t be equal to the number of times the player has rolled the planar die that turn if an effect has caused the player to roll the planar die that turn. (See rule 115.2g.)
 901.9a If the die roll is a blank face, nothing happens. The active player gets priority.
-901.9b If the die roll is the chaos symbol {CHAOS}, any ability of a face-up plane that starts â€œWhen you roll {CHAOS}â€ triggers and is put on the stack. The active player gets priority.
+901.9b If the die roll is the chaos symbol {CHAOS}, any ability of a face-up plane that starts “When you roll {CHAOS}” triggers and is put on the stack. The active player gets priority.
-901.9c If the die roll is the Planeswalker symbol {PW}, the â€œplaneswalking abilityâ€ triggers and is put on the stack. The active player gets priority. (See rule 901.8.)
+901.9c If the die roll is the Planeswalker symbol {PW}, the “planeswalking ability” triggers and is put on the stack. The active player gets priority. (See rule 901.8.)
-901.10. When a player leaves the game, all objects owned by that player except abilities from phenomena leave the game. (See rule 800.4a.) If that includes a face-up plane card or phenomenon card, the planar controller turns the top card of his or her planar deck face up. This is not a state-based action. It happens as soon as the player leaves the game.
+901.10. When a player leaves the game, all objects owned by that player except abilities from phenomena leave the game. (See rule 800.4a.) If that includes a face-up plane card or phenomenon card, the planar controller turns the top card of their planar deck face up. This is not a state-based action. It happens as soon as the player leaves the game.
-901.10a If a plane leaves the game while a â€œplaneswalking abilityâ€ is on the stack, that ability ceases to exist.
+901.10a If a plane leaves the game while a “planeswalking ability” is on the stack, that ability ceases to exist.
 901.10b Abilities from phenomena owned by a player who left the game remain on the stack controlled by the new planar controller.
-901.11. After the game has started, if a player moves the top card of his or her planar deck off that planar deck and turns it face up, that player has â€œplaneswalked.â€ Continuous effects with durations that last until a player planeswalks end. Abilities that trigger when a player planeswalks trigger. See rule 701.22.
+901.11. After the game has started, if a player moves the top card of their planar deck off that planar deck and turns it face up, that player has “planeswalked.” Continuous effects with durations that last until a player planeswalks end. Abilities that trigger when a player planeswalks trigger. See rule 701.23.
-901.11a A player may planeswalk as the result of the â€œplaneswalking abilityâ€ (see rule 901.8), because the owner of a face-up plane card or phenomenon card leaves the game (see rule 901.10), or because a phenomenonâ€™s triggered ability leaves the stack (see rule 704.5w). Abilities may also instruct a player to planeswalk.
+901.11a A player may planeswalk as the result of the “planeswalking ability” (see rule 901.8), because the owner of a face-up plane card or phenomenon card leaves the game (see rule 901.10), or because a phenomenon’s triggered ability leaves the stack (see rule 704.5x). Abilities may also instruct a player to planeswalk.
-901.11b The plane card thatâ€™s turned face up is the plane the player planeswalks to. The plane card or phenomenon card thatâ€™s turned face down, or that leaves the game, is the plane or phenomenon the player planeswalks away from.
+901.11b The plane card that’s turned face up is the plane the player planeswalks to. The plane card or phenomenon card that’s turned face down, or that leaves the game, is the plane or phenomenon the player planeswalks away from.
 901.11c If a player planeswalks when there is more than one face-up plane card, that player planeswalks away from all such planes.
 901.12. A Two-Headed Giant Planechase game uses all the rules for the Two-Headed Giant multiplayer variant and all the rules for the Planechase casual variant, with the following additions.
-901.12a Each player has his or her own planar deck.
+901.12a Each player has their own planar deck.
-901.12b The planar controller is normally the primary player of the active team. However, if the current planar controllerâ€™s team would leave the game, instead the primary player of the next team in turn order that wouldnâ€™t leave the game becomes the planar controller, then the old planar controllerâ€™s team leaves the game. The new planar controller retains that designation until he or she leaves the game or a different team becomes the active team, whichever comes first.
+901.12b The planar controller is normally the primary player of the active team. However, if the current planar controller’s team would leave the game, instead the primary player of the next team in turn order that wouldn’t leave the game becomes the planar controller, then the old planar controller’s team leaves the game. The new planar controller retains that designation until they leave the game or a different team becomes the active team, whichever comes first.
-901.12c Even though the face-up plane or phenomenon is controlled by just one player, any ability of that plane or phenomenon that refers to â€œyouâ€ applies to both members of the planar controllerâ€™s team.
+901.12c Even though the face-up plane or phenomenon is controlled by just one player, any ability of that plane or phenomenon that refers to “you” applies to both members of the planar controller’s team.
-901.12d Since each member of the active team is an active player, each of them may roll the planar die. Each playerâ€™s cost to roll the planar die is based on the number of times that particular player has already rolled the planar die that turn.
+901.12d Since each member of the active team is an active player, each of them may roll the planar die. Each player’s cost to roll the planar die is based on the number of times that particular player has already rolled the planar die that turn.
-901.13. In multiplayer formats other than Grand Melee, plane cards and phenomenon cards are exempt from the limited range of influence option. Their abilities, and the effects of those abilities, affect all applicable objects and players in the game. (See rule 801, â€œLimited Range of Influence Option.â€)
+901.13. In multiplayer formats other than Grand Melee, plane cards and phenomenon cards are exempt from the limited range of influence option. Their abilities, and the effects of those abilities, affect all applicable objects and players in the game. (See rule 801, “Limited Range of Influence Option.”)
 901.14. In Grand Melee Planechase games, multiple plane cards or phenomenon cards may be face up at the same time.
 901.14a Before the first turn of the game of the game, each player who will start the game with a turn marker sets a starting plane (see rule 901.5). Each of them is a planar controller.
-901.14b If a player would leave the game and that player leaving the game would reduce the number of turn markers in the game, that player first ceases to be a planar controller (but no other player becomes a planar controller), then that player leaves the game. Each face-up plane card or phenomenon card that player controlled is put on the bottom of its ownerâ€™s planar deck. No player is considered to have planeswalked.
+901.14b If a player would leave the game and that player leaving the game would reduce the number of turn markers in the game, that player first ceases to be a planar controller (but no other player becomes a planar controller), then that player leaves the game. Each face-up plane card or phenomenon card that player controlled is put on the bottom of its owner’s planar deck. No player is considered to have planeswalked.
 901.15. Single Planar Deck Option
-901.15a As an alternative option, a Planechase game may be played with just a single communal planar deck. In that case, the number of cards in the planar deck must be at least forty or at least ten times the number of players in the game, whichever is smaller. The planar deck canâ€™t contain more phenomenon cards than twice the number of players in the game. Each card in the planar deck must have a different English name.
+901.15a As an alternative option, a Planechase game may be played with just a single communal planar deck. In that case, the number of cards in the planar deck must be at least forty or at least ten times the number of players in the game, whichever is smaller. The planar deck can’t contain more phenomenon cards than twice the number of players in the game. Each card in the planar deck must have a different English name.
 901.15b In a Planechase game using the single planar deck option, the planar controller is considered to be the owner of all cards in the planar deck.
-901.15c If any rule or ability refers to a playerâ€™s planar deck, the communal planar deck is used.
+901.15c If any rule or ability refers to a player’s planar deck, the communal planar deck is used.
 902. Vanguard
 902.1. In the Vanguard variant, a vanguard card allows each player to play the role of a famous character. Each player will have one face-up vanguard card whose abilities and other characteristics affect the game. The Vanguard variant uses all the normal rules for a Magic game, with the following additions.
 902.2. A Vanguard game may be a two-player game or a multiplayer game.
-902.3. In addition to the normal game materials, each player needs a vanguard card. Each vanguard card is placed face up next to its ownerâ€™s library before the game begins. All vanguard cards remain in the command zone throughout the game.
+902.3. In addition to the normal game materials, each player needs a vanguard card. Each vanguard card is placed face up next to its owner’s library before the game begins. All vanguard cards remain in the command zone throughout the game.
-902.4. Each playerâ€™s starting life total is 20 plus or minus the life modifier of his or her vanguard card.
+902.4. Each player’s starting life total is 20 plus or minus the life modifier of their vanguard card.
-Example: The life modifier of a playerâ€™s vanguard card is -3. That playerâ€™s starting life total is 17.
+Example: The life modifier of a player’s vanguard card is -3. That player’s starting life total is 17.
-902.5. Each playerâ€™s starting hand size is seven cards, as modified by the hand modifier of his or her vanguard card.
+902.5. Each player’s starting hand size is seven cards, as modified by the hand modifier of their vanguard card.
-902.5a If a player takes a mulligan in a Vanguard game, just like in a normal game, that player shuffles his or her hand back into his or her library, then draws a new hand of one fewer cards than he or she had before. (In a multiplayer game, a playerâ€™s first mulligan is for the same number of cards as he or she had before.) See rule 103.4.
+902.5a If a player takes a mulligan in a Vanguard game, just like in a normal game, that player shuffles their hand back into their library, then draws a new hand of one fewer cards than they had before. (In a multiplayer game, a player’s first mulligan is for the same number of cards as they had before.) See rule 103.4.
-Example: The hand modifier of a playerâ€™s vanguard card is +2. That player starts the game with a hand of 9 cards. If the player takes a mulligan, he or she draws a new hand of 8 cards. The next mulligan is for 7 cards, and so on.
+Example: The hand modifier of a player’s vanguard card is +2. That player starts the game with a hand of 9 cards. If the player takes a mulligan, they draw a new hand of 8 cards. The next mulligan is for 7 cards, and so on.
-902.5b A playerâ€™s maximum hand size is seven, as modified by the hand modifier of his or her vanguard card.
+902.5b A player’s maximum hand size is seven, as modified by the hand modifier of their vanguard card.
-Example: The hand modifier of a playerâ€™s vanguard card is -1. That playerâ€™s maximum hand size is six. If that player has more than six cards in his or her hand as the cleanup step begins, he or she will discard all but six of them.
+Example: The hand modifier of a player’s vanguard card is -1. That player’s maximum hand size is six. If that player has more than six cards in their hand as their cleanup step begins, they will discard all but six of them.
 902.6. The owner of a vanguard card is the player who started the game with it in the command zone. The controller of a face-up vanguard card is its owner.
-902.7. Any abilities of a face-up vanguard card in the command zone function from that zone. The cardâ€™s static abilities affect the game, its triggered abilities may trigger, and its activated abilities may be activated.
+902.7. Any abilities of a face-up vanguard card in the command zone function from that zone. The card’s static abilities affect the game, its triggered abilities may trigger, and its activated abilities may be activated.
 903. Commander
-903.1. In the Commander variant, each deck is led by a legendary creature designated as that deckâ€™s commander. The Commander variant was created and popularized by fans; an independent rules committee maintains additional resources at MTGCommander.net. The Commander variant uses all the normal rules for a Magic game, with the following additions.
+903.1. In the Commander variant, each deck is led by a legendary creature designated as that deck’s commander. The Commander variant was created and popularized by fans; an independent rules committee maintains additional resources at MTGCommander.net. The Commander variant uses all the normal rules for a Magic game, with the following additions.
-903.2. A Commander game may be a two-player game or a multiplayer game. The default multiplayer setup is the Free-for-All variant with the attack multiple players option and without the limited range of influence option. See rule 806, â€œFree-for-All Variant.â€
+903.2. A Commander game may be a two-player game or a multiplayer game. The default multiplayer setup is the Free-for-All variant with the attack multiple players option and without the limited range of influence option. See rule 806, “Free-for-All Variant.”
 903.3. Each deck has a legendary creature card designated as its commander. This designation is not a characteristic of the object represented by the card; rather, it is an attribute of the card itself. The card retains this designation even when it changes zones.
-Example: A commander thatâ€™s been turned face down (due to Ixidronâ€™s effect, for example) is still a commander. A commander thatâ€™s copying another card (due to Cytoshapeâ€™s effect, for example) is still a commander. A permanent thatâ€™s copying a commander (such as a Body Double, for example, copying a commander in a playerâ€™s graveyard) is not a commander.
+Example: A commander that’s been turned face down (due to Ixidron’s effect, for example) is still a commander. A commander that’s copying another card (due to Cytoshape’s effect, for example) is still a commander. A permanent that’s copying a commander (such as a Body Double, for example, copying a commander in a player’s graveyard) is not a commander.
 903.3a Some planeswalker cards have an ability that states the card can be your commander. This ability modifies the rules for deck construction, and it functions before the game begins. See also rule 112.6m.
-903.3b If a playerâ€™s commander is a meld card and itâ€™s melded with the other member of its meld pair, the resulting melded permanent is that playerâ€™s commander.
+903.3b If a player’s commander is a meld card and it’s melded with the other member of its meld pair, the resulting melded permanent is that player’s commander.
-903.4. The Commander variant uses color identity to determine what cards can be in a deck with a certain commander. The color identity of a card is the color or colors of any mana symbols in that cardâ€™s mana cost or rules text, plus any colors defined by its characteristic-defining abilities (see rule 604.3) or color indicator (see rule 204).
+903.4. The Commander variant uses color identity to determine what cards can be in a deck with a certain commander. The color identity of a card is the color or colors of any mana symbols in that card’s mana cost or rules text, plus any colors defined by its characteristic-defining abilities (see rule 604.3) or color indicator (see rule 204).
-Example: Bosh, Iron Golem is a legendary artifact creature with mana cost {8} and the ability â€œ{3}{R}, Sacrifice an artifact: Bosh, Iron Golem deals damage equal to the sacrificed artifactâ€™s converted mana cost to target creature or player.â€ Boshâ€™s color identity is red.
+Example: Bosh, Iron Golem is a legendary artifact creature with mana cost {8} and the ability “{3}{R}, Sacrifice an artifact: Bosh, Iron Golem deals damage equal to the sacrificed artifact’s converted mana cost to any target.” Bosh’s color identity is red.
 903.4a Color identity is established before the game begins.
-903.4b Reminder text is ignored when determining a cardâ€™s color identity. See rule 207.2.
+903.4b Reminder text is ignored when determining a card’s color identity. See rule 207.2.
-903.4c The back face of a double-faced card (see rule 711) is included when determining a cardâ€™s color identity. This is an exception to rule 711.4a.
+903.4c The back face of a double-faced card (see rule 711) is included when determining a card’s color identity. This is an exception to rule 711.4a.
-Example: Civilized Scholar is the front face of a double-faced card with mana cost {2}{U}. Homicidal Brute is the back face of that double-faced card and has a red color indicator. The cardâ€™s color identity is blue and red.
+Example: Civilized Scholar is the front face of a double-faced card with mana cost {2}{U}. Homicidal Brute is the back face of that double-faced card and has a red color indicator. The card’s color identity is blue and red.
 903.5. Each Commander deck is subject to the following deck construction rules.
 903.5a Each deck must contain exactly 100 cards, including its commander.
 903.5b Other than basic lands, each card in a Commander deck must have a different English name.
-903.5c A card can be included in a Commander deck only if every color in its color identity is also found in the color identity of the deckâ€™s commander.
+903.5c A card can be included in a Commander deck only if every color in its color identity is also found in the color identity of the deck’s commander.
-Example: Wort, the Raidmother is a legendary creature with mana cost {4}{R/G}{R/G}. Wortâ€™s color identity is red and green. Each card in a Wort Commander deck must be only red, only green, both red and green, or have no color. Each mana symbol in the mana cost or rules text of a card in this deck must be only red, only green, both red and green, or have no color.
+Example: Wort, the Raidmother is a legendary creature with mana cost {4}{R/G}{R/G}. Wort’s color identity is red and green. Each card in a Wort Commander deck must be only red, only green, both red and green, or have no color. Each mana symbol in the mana cost or rules text of a card in this deck must be only red, only green, both red and green, or have no color.
-903.5d A card with a basic land type may be included in a Commander deck only if each color of mana it could produce is included in the commanderâ€™s color identity.
+903.5d A card with a basic land type may be included in a Commander deck only if each color of mana it could produce is included in the commander’s color identity.
-Example: Wort, the Raidmotherâ€™s color identity is red and green. A Wort Commander deck may include land cards with the basic land types Mountain and/or Forest. It canâ€™t include any land cards with the basic land types Plains, Island, or Swamp.
+Example: Wort, the Raidmother’s color identity is red and green. A Wort Commander deck may include land cards with the basic land types Mountain and/or Forest. It can’t include any land cards with the basic land types Plains, Island, or Swamp.
-903.6. At the start of the game, each player puts his or her commander from his or her deck face up into the command zone. Then each player shuffles the remaining 99 cards of his or her deck so that the cards are in a random order. Those cards become the playerâ€™s library.
+903.6. At the start of the game, each player puts their commander from their deck face up into the command zone. Then each player shuffles the remaining 99 cards of their deck so that the cards are in a random order. Those cards become the player’s library.
-903.7. Once the starting player has been determined, each player sets his or her life total to 40 and draws a hand of seven cards.
+903.7. Once the starting player has been determined, each player sets their life total to 40 and draws a hand of seven cards.
-903.8. A player may cast a commander he or she owns from the command zone. A commander cast from the command zone costs an additional {2} for each previous time the player casting it has cast it from the command zone that game.
+903.8. A player may cast a commander they own from the command zone. A commander cast from the command zone costs an additional {2} for each previous time the player casting it has cast it from the command zone that game. This additional cost is informally known as the “commander tax.”
-903.9. If a commander would be exiled from anywhere or put into its ownerâ€™s hand, graveyard, or library from anywhere, its owner may put it into the command zone instead. This replacement effect may apply more than once to the same event. This is an exception to rule 614.5.
+903.9. If a commander would be exiled from anywhere or put into its owner’s hand, graveyard, or library from anywhere, its owner may put it into the command zone instead. This replacement effect may apply more than once to the same event. This is an exception to rule 614.5.
-903.9a If a commander is a melded permanent and its owner chooses to put it into the command zone this way, that permanent and the card representing it that isnâ€™t a commander are put into the appropriate zone, and the card that represents it and is a commander is put into the command zone.
+903.9a If a commander is a melded permanent and its owner chooses to put it into the command zone this way, that permanent and the card representing it that isn’t a commander are put into the appropriate zone, and the card that represents it and is a commander is put into the command zone.
 903.10. The Commander variant includes the following specification for winning and losing the game. All other rules for ending the game also apply. (See rule 104.)
-903.10a A player thatâ€™s been dealt 21 or more combat damage by the same commander over the course of the game loses the game. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
+903.10a A player that’s been dealt 21 or more combat damage by the same commander over the course of the game loses the game. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
+903.11. Brawl Option
+903.11a Brawl is an option for a different style of Commander game. Brawl games use the normal rules for the Commander variant with the following modifications.
+903.11b Brawl decks are usually constructed using cards from the Standard format.
+903.11c A player designates either a legendary planeswalker or a legendary creature as their commander.
+903.11d A player’s deck must contain exactly 60 cards, including its commander.
+903.11e In a two-player Brawl game, each player’s starting life total is 25. In a multiplayer Brawl game, each player’s starting life total is 30.
+903.11f In any Brawl game, the first time a player takes a mulligan, they draw a new hand of as many cards they as had before. Subsequent hands decrease by one card as normal.
+903.11g Brawl games do not use the state-based action described in rule 704.5v, which causes a player to lose the game if they’ve been dealt 21 or more combat damage by a commander.
 904. Archenemy
 904.1. In the Archenemy variant, a team of players faces off against a single opponent strengthened with powerful scheme cards. The Archenemy variant uses all the normal rules for a Magic game, with the following additions.
 904.2a One of the teams consists of exactly one player, who is designated the archenemy.
 904.2b The other team consists of any number of players.
-904.3. In addition to the normal game materials, the archenemy needs a scheme deck of at least twenty scheme cards. A scheme deck may contain no more than two of any card with a particular English name. (See rule 312, â€œSchemes.â€)
+904.3. In addition to the normal game materials, the archenemy needs a scheme deck of at least twenty scheme cards. A scheme deck may contain no more than two of any card with a particular English name. (See rule 312, “Schemes.”)
-904.4. At the start of the game, the archenemy shuffles his or her scheme deck so that the cards are in a random order. The scheme deck is placed face down next to the archenemyâ€™s library. All scheme cards remain in the command zone throughout the game, both while theyâ€™re part of a scheme deck and while theyâ€™re face up.
+904.4. At the start of the game, the archenemy shuffles their scheme deck so that the cards are in a random order. The scheme deck is placed face down next to the archenemy’s library. All scheme cards remain in the command zone throughout the game, both while they’re part of a scheme deck and while they’re face up.
-904.5. The archenemyâ€™s starting life total is 40. Each other playerâ€™s starting life total is 20.
+904.5. The archenemy’s starting life total is 40. Each other player’s starting life total is 20.
 904.6. Rather than a randomly determined player, the archenemy takes the first turn of the game.
 904.7. The owner of a scheme card is the player who started the game with it in the command zone. The controller of a face-up scheme card is its owner.
-904.8. Any abilities of a face-up scheme card in the command zone function from that zone. The cardâ€™s static abilities affect the game, its triggered abilities may trigger, and its activated abilities may be activated.
+904.8. Any abilities of a face-up scheme card in the command zone function from that zone. The card’s static abilities affect the game, its triggered abilities may trigger, and its activated abilities may be activated.
-904.9. Immediately after the archenemyâ€™s precombat main phase begins during each of his or her turns, that player moves the top card of his or her scheme deck off that scheme deck and turns it face up. This is called â€œsetting that scheme in motion.â€ (See rule 701.23.) This turn-based action doesnâ€™t use the stack. Abilities of that scheme card that trigger â€œWhen you set this scheme in motionâ€ trigger.
+904.9. Immediately after the archenemy’s precombat main phase begins during each of their turns, that player moves the top card of their scheme deck off that scheme deck and turns it face up. This is called “setting that scheme in motion.” (See rule 701.24.) This turn-based action doesn’t use the stack. Abilities of that scheme card that trigger “When you set this scheme in motion” trigger.
-904.10. If a non-ongoing scheme card is face up in the command zone, and no triggered abilities of any scheme are on the stack or waiting to be put on the stack, that scheme card is turned face down and put on the bottom of its ownerâ€™s scheme deck the next time a player would receive priority. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
+904.10. If a non-ongoing scheme card is face up in the command zone, and no triggered abilities of any scheme are on the stack or waiting to be put on the stack, that scheme card is turned face down and put on the bottom of its owner’s scheme deck the next time a player would receive priority. (This is a state-based action. See rule 704.)
-904.11. Once an ongoing scheme card is set in motion, it remains face up in the command zone until an ability causes it to be abandoned (see rule 701.24).
+904.11. Once an ongoing scheme card is set in motion, it remains face up in the command zone until an ability causes it to be abandoned (see rule 701.25).
 904.12. Supervillain Rumble Option
-904.12a As an alternative option, players may play a Free-for-All game in which each player has his or her own scheme deck. The attack multiple players option (see rule 802) is used; no other multiplayer options are used.
+904.12a As an alternative option, players may play a Free-for-All game in which each player has their own scheme deck. The attack multiple players option (see rule 802) is used; no other multiplayer options are used.
 904.12b Each player in this game is an archenemy.
 904.12c As in a normal Free-for-All game, the starting player is randomly determined. All other rules that apply to the archenemy in an Archenemy game apply to each player in a Supervillain Rumble game.
 905. Conspiracy Draft
-905.1. The Conspiracy Draft variant consists of a draft (a style of limited play where players choose cards from sealed booster packs to build their decks) followed by a multiplayer game. The Conspiracy Draft variant uses Magic: The Gatheringâ€”Conspiracyâ„¢ booster packs by default.
+905.1. The Conspiracy Draft variant consists of a draft (a style of limited play where players choose cards from sealed booster packs to build their decks) followed by a multiplayer game. The Conspiracy Draft variant uses Magic: The Gathering—Conspiracy™ and/or Conspiracy: Take the Crown™ booster packs by default.
-905.1a A draft typically consists of three draft rounds. In each draft round, each player opens a booster pack, drafts one card by placing that card in a face-down pile in front of the player, then passes the remaining cards to the next player. Each player then drafts a card from the booster pack passed to him or her and passes the remaining cards. This procedure continues until all cards in that draft round have been drafted.
+905.1a A draft typically consists of three draft rounds. In each draft round, each player opens a booster pack, drafts one card by placing that card in a face-down pile in front of the player, then passes the remaining cards to the next player. Each player then drafts a card from the booster pack passed to them and passes the remaining cards. This procedure continues until all cards in that draft round have been drafted.
-905.1b In the first and third draft rounds, booster packs are passed to each playerâ€™s left. In the second draft round, booster packs are passed to each playerâ€™s right.
+905.1b In the first and third draft rounds, booster packs are passed to each player’s left. In the second draft round, booster packs are passed to each player’s right.
-905.1c During the draft, a player can look only at cards in the booster pack he or she is currently drafting from, cards he or she has already drafted, cards that are currently revealed as described in rule 905.2b, and cards that have been drafted face up as described in rule 905.2c. A player may not reveal drafted cards to other players unless an ability instructs him or her to.
+905.1c During the draft, a player can look only at cards in the booster pack they are currently drafting from, cards they have already drafted, cards that are currently revealed as described in rule 905.2b, and cards that have been drafted face up as described in rule 905.2c. A player may not reveal drafted cards to other players unless an ability instructs them to.
-905.1d After the draft and all actions that may be taken during or after the draft, all the cards a player has drafted become that playerâ€™s card pool. The player builds his or her deck from only these cards and any number of basic land cards. See rules 100.2b and 100.4b.
+905.1d After the draft and all actions that may be taken during or after the draft, all the cards a player has drafted become that player’s card pool. The player builds their deck from only these cards and any number of basic land cards. See rules 100.2b and 100.4b.
-905.2. Several cards in the Magic: The Gatheringâ€”Conspiracy set have abilities that function during the draft.
+905.2. Some cards have abilities that function during the draft.
-905.2a During a draft, there is no active player or system of priority. If multiple players wish to take an action at the same time during the draft and canâ€™t agree on an order, those actions are taken in a random order.
+905.2a During a draft, there is no active player or system of priority. If multiple players wish to take an action at the same time during the draft and can’t agree on an order, those actions are taken in a random order.
-905.2b Some cards instruct players to reveal them as theyâ€™re drafted and then note some information, such as a number or color. This information can be referred to by other abilities during the game. Any player can look at this information at any time during the draft or game. After the information is noted, the drafted card is turned face down and added to the playerâ€™s drafted cards pile.
+905.2b Some cards instruct players to reveal them as they’re drafted and then note some information, such as a number or color. This information can be referred to by other abilities during the game. Any player can look at this information at any time during the draft or game. After the information is noted, the drafted card is turned face down and added to the player’s drafted cards pile.
-905.2c Some cards instruct players to draft them face up. Each such card remains face up until the draft is complete, an effect instructs the person who drafted it to turn it face down, or the card leaves that playerâ€™s drafted cards pile. While the card is face up, all players may look at it.
+905.2c Some cards instruct players to draft them face up. Each such card remains face up until the draft is complete, an effect instructs the person who drafted it to turn it face down, or the card leaves that player’s drafted cards pile. While the card is face up, all players may look at it.
-905.3. A Conspiracy Draft game is a multiplayer game. The default multiplayer setup is the Free-for-All variant with the attack multiple players option and without the limited range of influence option. See rule 806, â€œFree-for-All Variant.â€
+905.3. A Conspiracy Draft game is a multiplayer game. The default multiplayer setup is the Free-for-All variant with the attack multiple players option and without the limited range of influence option. See rule 806, “Free-for-All Variant.”
-905.4. At the start of the game, before decks are shuffled, each player may put any number of conspiracy cards from his or her sideboard into the command zone.
+905.4. At the start of the game, before decks are shuffled, each player may put any number of conspiracy cards from their sideboard into the command zone.
-905.4a Conspiracy cards with hidden agenda are put into the command zone face down. Any time a player has priority, he or she may turn a face-down conspiracy card he or she controls face up. See rule 702.105, â€œHidden Agenda.â€
+905.4a Conspiracy cards with hidden agenda are put into the command zone face down. Any time a player has priority, they may turn a face-down conspiracy card they control face up. See rule 702.105, “Hidden Agenda.”
 905.5. The owner of a conspiracy card is the player who put it into the command zone at the start of the game. The controller of a conspiracy card is its owner.
-905.6. Once the starting player has been determined, each player sets his or her life total to 20 and draws a hand of seven cards.
+905.6. Once the starting player has been determined, each player sets their life total to 20 and draws a hand of seven cards.
 Glossary
 Abandon
-To turn a face-up ongoing scheme card face down and put it on the bottom of its ownerâ€™s scheme deck. See rule 701.24, â€œAbandon.â€
+To turn a face-up ongoing scheme card face down and put it on the bottom of its owner’s scheme deck. See rule 701.25, “Abandon.”
 Ability
 1. Text on an object that explains what that object does or can do.
 2. An activated or triggered ability on the stack. This kind of ability is an object.
-See rule 112, â€œAbilities,â€ and section 6, â€œSpells, Abilities, and Effects.â€
+See rule 112, “Abilities,” and section 6, “Spells, Abilities, and Effects.”
 Ability Word
 An italicized word with no rules meaning that ties together abilities on different cards that have similar functionality. See rule 207.2c.
 Absorb
-A keyword ability that prevents damage. See rule 702.63, â€œAbsorb.â€
+A keyword ability that prevents damage. See rule 702.63, “Absorb.”
 Activate
-To put an activated ability onto the stack and pay its costs, so that it will eventually resolve and have its effect. See rule 602, â€œActivating Activated Abilities.â€
+To put an activated ability onto the stack and pay its costs, so that it will eventually resolve and have its effect. See rule 602, “Activating Activated Abilities.”
 Activated Ability
-A kind of ability. Activated abilities are written as â€œ[Cost]: [Effect.] [Activation instructions (if any).]â€ See rule 112, â€œAbilities,â€ and rule 602, â€œActivating Activated Abilities.â€
+A kind of ability. Activated abilities are written as “[Cost]: [Effect.] [Activation instructions (if any).]” See rule 112, “Abilities,” and rule 602, “Activating Activated Abilities.”
 Activation Cost
-Everything that appears before the colon in an activated abilityâ€™s text. It must be paid to activate the ability. See rule 117, â€œCosts,â€ and rule 602, â€œActivating Activated Abilities.â€
+Everything that appears before the colon in an activated ability’s text. It must be paid to activate the ability. See rule 117, “Costs,” and rule 602, “Activating Activated Abilities.”
 Active Player
 The player whose turn it is. See rule 102.1.
 Active Player, Nonactive Player Order
 Active Team
 The team whose turn it is in a game using the shared team turns option. See rule 805.4a.
 Additional Cost
-A cost a spell may have that its controller may pay (or, in some cases, must pay) in addition to its mana cost to cast that spell. See rule 117, â€œCosts,â€ and rule 601, â€œCasting Spells.â€
+A cost a spell may have that its controller may pay (or, in some cases, must pay) in addition to its mana cost to cast that spell. See rule 117, “Costs,” and rule 601, “Casting Spells.”
 Affinity
-A keyword ability that reduces how much mana you need to spend to cast a spell. See rule 702.40, â€œAffinity.â€
+A keyword ability that reduces how much mana you need to spend to cast a spell. See rule 702.40, “Affinity.”
 Afflict
-A keyword ability that makes the defending player lose life for blocking. See rule 702.129, â€œAfflict.â€
+A keyword ability that makes the defending player lose life for blocking. See rule 702.129, “Afflict.”
 Aftermath
-A keyword ability that lets a player cast one half of a split card only from his or her graveyard. See rule 702.126, â€œAftermath.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player cast one half of a split card only from their graveyard. See rule 702.126, “Aftermath.”
 Alternating Teams Variant
-A multiplayer variant played among two or more teams of equal size. See rule 811, â€œAlternating Teams Variant.â€
+A multiplayer variant played among two or more teams of equal size. See rule 811, “Alternating Teams Variant.”
 Alternative Cost
-A cost a spell may have that its controller can pay rather than paying its mana cost. See rule 117, â€œCosts,â€ and rule 601, â€œCasting Spells.â€
+A cost a spell may have that its controller can pay rather than paying its mana cost. See rule 117, “Costs,” and rule 601, “Casting Spells.”
 Amplify
-A keyword ability than can have a creature enter the battlefield with +1/+1 counters on it. See rule 702.37, â€œAmplify.â€
+A keyword ability than can have a creature enter the battlefield with +1/+1 counters on it. See rule 702.37, “Amplify.”
 Anchor Word
 A word that precedes one of two abilities a permanent may enter the battlefield with. See rule 614.12b.
 Annihilator
-A keyword ability that can make a creature particularly brutal when it attacks. See rule 702.85, â€œAnnihilator.â€
+A keyword ability that can make a creature particularly brutal when it attacks. See rule 702.85, “Annihilator.”
 Ante
-1. A zone used only when playing â€œfor keeps.â€
+1. A zone used only when playing “for keeps.”
 2. To put a card into the ante zone.
-See rule 407, â€œAnte.â€
+See rule 407, “Ante.”
+Any Target
+A spell or ability may require “any target.” “Any target” is the same as “target creature, player, or planeswalker.” See rule 114.4.
 APNAP Order
 See Active Player, Nonactive Player Order.
 Archenemy
-1. A casual variant in which a team of players faces off against a single opponent strengthened with powerful scheme cards. See rule 904, â€œArchenemy.â€
+1. A casual variant in which a team of players faces off against a single opponent strengthened with powerful scheme cards. See rule 904, “Archenemy.”
 2. A player in an Archenemy game who is playing with a scheme deck.
 Artifact
-A card type. An artifact is a permanent. See rule 301, â€œArtifacts.â€
+A card type. An artifact is a permanent. See rule 301, “Artifacts.”
 Artifact Creature
-A combination of artifact and creature thatâ€™s subject to the rules for both. See rule 301, â€œArtifacts,â€ and rule 302, â€œCreatures.â€
+A combination of artifact and creature that’s subject to the rules for both. See rule 301, “Artifacts,” and rule 302, “Creatures.”
 Artifact Land
-A combination of artifact and land thatâ€™s subject to the rules for both. Artifact lands can only be played as lands, not cast as spells. See rule 301, â€œArtifacts,â€ and rule 305, â€œLands.â€
+A combination of artifact and land that’s subject to the rules for both. Artifact lands can only be played as lands, not cast as spells. See rule 301, “Artifacts,” and rule 305, “Lands.”
 Artifact Type
-A subtype thatâ€™s correlated to the artifact card type. See rule 301, â€œArtifacts.â€ See rule 205.3g for the list of artifact types.
+A subtype that’s correlated to the artifact card type. See rule 301, “Artifacts.” See rule 205.3g for the list of artifact types.
 As Though
-Text used to indicate that the game, for some specific purpose, treats a condition as true even though itâ€™s not. See rule 609.4.
+Text used to indicate that the game, for some specific purpose, treats a condition as true even though it’s not. See rule 609.4.
+Ascend
+A keyword causing a player to get the designation of the city’s blessing once they control ten permanents. See rule 702.130, “Ascend.”
+Assemble
+Assemble is a keyword action in the Unstable set that puts Contraptions onto the battlefield. Cards and mechanics from the Unstable set aren’t included in these rules.
 Assign Combat Damage
-To determine how an attacking or blocking creature will deal its combat damage. See rule 510, â€œCombat Damage Step.â€
+To determine how an attacking or blocking creature will deal its combat damage. See rule 510, “Combat Damage Step.”
+Assist
+A keyword ability that lets another player help you pay for a spell. See rule 702.131, “Assist.”
 At End of Turn (Obsolete)
-A trigger condition printed on abilities that triggered at the beginning of the end step (which is not the last thing to happen in the turn). Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference to say â€œat the beginning of the end stepâ€ or â€œat the beginning of the next end step.â€ See rule 513, â€œEnd Step.â€
+A trigger condition printed on abilities that triggered at the beginning of the end step (which is not the last thing to happen in the turn). Cards that were printed with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference to say “at the beginning of the end step” or “at the beginning of the next end step.” See rule 513, “End Step.”
 Attach
-To move an Aura, Equipment, or Fortification onto another object. See rule 701.3, â€œAttach.â€
+To move an Aura, Equipment, or Fortification onto another object. See rule 701.3, “Attach.”
 Attack
-To send a creature into combat offensively. A creature can attack a player or a planeswalker. See rule 508, â€œDeclare Attackers Step.â€
+To send a creature into combat offensively. A creature can attack a player or a planeswalker. See rule 508, “Declare Attackers Step.”
 Attack Alone
-A creature â€œattacks aloneâ€ if itâ€™s the only creature declared as an attacker during the declare attackers step. A creature â€œis attacking aloneâ€ if itâ€™s attacking but no other creatures are. See rule 506.5.
+A creature “attacks alone” if it’s the only creature declared as an attacker during the declare attackers step. A creature “is attacking alone” if it’s attacking but no other creatures are. See rule 506.5.
 Attack Left Option
-An option that may be used in certain multiplayer variants. See rule 803, â€œAttack Left and Attack Right Options.â€
+An option that may be used in certain multiplayer variants. See rule 803, “Attack Left and Attack Right Options.”
 Attack Multiple Players Option
-An option that may be used in certain multiplayer variants. See rule 802, â€œAttack Multiple Players Option.â€
+An option that may be used in certain multiplayer variants. See rule 802, “Attack Multiple Players Option.”
 Attack Right Option
-An option that may be used in certain multiplayer variants. See rule 803, â€œAttack Left and Attack Right Options.â€
+An option that may be used in certain multiplayer variants. See rule 803, “Attack Left and Attack Right Options.”
 Attacking Creature
-A creature that has either been declared as part of a legal attack during the combat phase (once all costs to attack, if any, have been paid), or a creature that has been put onto the battlefield attacking. It remains an attacking creature until itâ€™s removed from combat or the combat phase ends, whichever comes first. See rule 508, â€œDeclare Attackers Step.â€
+A creature that has either been declared as part of a legal attack during the combat phase (once all costs to attack, if any, have been paid), or a creature that has been put onto the battlefield attacking. It remains an attacking creature until it’s removed from combat or the combat phase ends, whichever comes first. See rule 508, “Declare Attackers Step.”
-Attacks and Isnâ€™t Blocked
+Attacking Team
-An ability that triggers when a creature â€œattacks and isnâ€™t blockedâ€ triggers when the creature becomes an unblocked attacking creature. See rule 509.1h.
+The team who can attack during the combat phase of a multiplayer game using the shared team turns option. See rule 805, “Shared Team Turns Option.”
+Attacks and Isn’t Blocked
+An ability that triggers when a creature “attacks and isn’t blocked” triggers when the creature becomes an unblocked attacking creature. See rule 509.1h.
 Aura
-An enchantment subtype. Aura spells target objects or players, and Aura permanents are attached to objects or players. See rule 303, â€œEnchantments,â€ and rule 702.5, â€œEnchant.â€
+An enchantment subtype. Aura spells target objects or players, and Aura permanents are attached to objects or players. See rule 303, “Enchantments,” and rule 702.5, “Enchant.”
 Aura Swap
-A keyword ability that lets you exchange an Aura on the battlefield with one in your hand. See rule 702.64, â€œAura Swap.â€
+A keyword ability that lets you exchange an Aura on the battlefield with one in your hand. See rule 702.64, “Aura Swap.”
 Awaken
-A keyword ability that lets you turn a land you control into a creature. See rule 702.112, â€œAwaken.â€
+A keyword ability that lets you turn a land you control into a creature. See rule 702.112, “Awaken.”
-Banding, â€œBands with Otherâ€
+Banding, “Bands with Other”
-Banding is a keyword ability that modifies the rules for declaring attackers and assigning combat damage. â€œBands with otherâ€ is a specialized version of the ability. See rule 702.21, â€œBanding.â€
+Banding is a keyword ability that modifies the rules for declaring attackers and assigning combat damage. “Bands with other” is a specialized version of the ability. See rule 702.21, “Banding.”
 Base Power, Base Toughness
-Effects that change the base power and/or base toughness of a creature set one or both of those values to a specific number. See rule 613, â€œInteraction of Continuous Effects.â€
+Effects that change the base power and/or base toughness of a creature set one or both of those values to a specific number. See rule 613, “Interaction of Continuous Effects.”
 Basic
-A supertype thatâ€™s normally relevant on lands. Any land with this supertype is a basic land. See rule 205.4, â€œSupertypes.â€
+A supertype that’s normally relevant on lands. Any land with this supertype is a basic land. See rule 205.4, “Supertypes.”
 Basic Landcycling
 See Typecycling.
 Basic Land Type
-There are five â€œbasic land typesâ€: Plains, Island, Swamp, Mountain, and Forest. Each one has a mana ability associated with it. See rule 305, â€œLands.â€
+There are five “basic land types”: Plains, Island, Swamp, Mountain, and Forest. Each one has a mana ability associated with it. See rule 305, “Lands.”
 Battle Cry
-A keyword ability that makes other attacking creatures better in combat. See rule 702.90, â€œBattle Cry.â€
+A keyword ability that makes other attacking creatures better in combat. See rule 702.90, “Battle Cry.”
 Battlefield
-A zone. The battlefield is the zone in which permanents exist. It used to be known as the â€œin-playâ€ zone. See rule 403, â€œBattlefield.â€
+A zone. The battlefield is the zone in which permanents exist. It used to be known as the “in-play” zone. See rule 403, “Battlefield.”
 Becomes
 A word used in some trigger events to indicate a change in status or characteristics. See rule 603.2d.
 Beginning of Combat Step
-Part of the turn. This step is the first step of the combat phase. See rule 507, â€œBeginning of Combat Step.â€
+Part of the turn. This step is the first step of the combat phase. See rule 507, “Beginning of Combat Step.”
 Beginning Phase
-Part of the turn. This phase is the first phase of the turn. See rule 501, â€œBeginning Phase.â€
+Part of the turn. This phase is the first phase of the turn. See rule 501, “Beginning Phase.”
 Bestow
-A keyword ability that lets a creature card be cast as an Aura. See rule 702.102, â€œBestow.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a creature card be cast as an Aura. See rule 702.102, “Bestow.”
 Block
-To send a creature into combat defensively. A creature can block an attacking creature. See rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step.â€
+To send a creature into combat defensively. A creature can block an attacking creature. See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step.”
 Block Alone
-A creature â€œblocks aloneâ€ if itâ€™s the only creature declared as a blocker during the declare blockers step. A creature â€œis blocking aloneâ€ if itâ€™s blocking but no other creatures are. See rule 506.5.
+A creature “blocks alone” if it’s the only creature declared as a blocker during the declare blockers step. A creature “is blocking alone” if it’s blocking but no other creatures are. See rule 506.5.
 Blocked Creature
-An attacking creature that another creature blocks or that an effect causes to become blocked. It remains a blocked creature until itâ€™s removed from combat, an effect says that it becomes unblocked, or the combat phase ends, whichever comes first. See rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step.â€
+An attacking creature that another creature blocks or that an effect causes to become blocked. It remains a blocked creature until it’s removed from combat, an effect says that it becomes unblocked, or the combat phase ends, whichever comes first. See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step.”
 Blocking Creature
-A creature that has either been declared as part of a legal block during the combat phase (once all costs to block, if any, have been paid), or a creature that has been put onto the battlefield blocking. It remains a blocking creature until itâ€™s removed from combat or the combat phase ends, whichever comes first. See rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step.â€
+A creature that has either been declared as part of a legal block during the combat phase (once all costs to block, if any, have been paid), or a creature that has been put onto the battlefield blocking. It remains a blocking creature until it’s removed from combat or the combat phase ends, whichever comes first. See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step.”
 Bloodthirst
-A keyword ability that can have a creature enter the battlefield with +1/+1 counters on it. See rule 702.53, â€œBloodthirst.â€
+A keyword ability that can have a creature enter the battlefield with +1/+1 counters on it. See rule 702.53, “Bloodthirst.”
 Bolster
-A keyword action that puts +1/+1 counters on the weakest creature a player controls. See rule 701.31, â€œBolster.â€
+A keyword action that puts +1/+1 counters on the weakest creature a player controls. See rule 701.32, “Bolster.”
 Booster Pack
 A group of unopened Magic cards from a particular expansion. Booster packs are used in Limited formats. See rule 100.2b.
+Brawl
+An option for the Commander casual variant. See rule 903.11, “Brawl Option.”
 Bury (Obsolete)
-A term that meant â€œput [a permanent] into its ownerâ€™s graveyard.â€ In general, cards that were printed with the term â€œburyâ€ have received errata in the Oracle card reference to read, â€œDestroy [a permanent]. It canâ€™t be regenerated,â€ or â€œSacrifice [a permanent].â€
+A term that meant “put [a permanent] into its owner’s graveyard.” In general, cards that were printed with the term “bury” have received errata in the Oracle card reference to read, “Destroy [a permanent]. It can’t be regenerated,” or “Sacrifice [a permanent].”
 Bushido
-A keyword ability that can make a creature better in combat. See rule 702.44, â€œBushido.â€
+A keyword ability that can make a creature better in combat. See rule 702.44, “Bushido.”
 Buyback
-A keyword ability of instants and sorceries that can let the spell return to its ownerâ€™s hand as it resolves. See rule 702.26, â€œBuyback.â€
+A keyword ability of instants and sorceries that can let the spell return to its owner’s hand as it resolves. See rule 702.26, “Buyback.”
 Card
-The standard component of the game. Magic cards may be traditional or nontraditional. Tokens arenâ€™t considered cards. In the text of spells or abilities, the term â€œcardâ€ is used only to refer to a card thatâ€™s not on the battlefield or on the stack, such as a creature card in a playerâ€™s hand. See rule 108, â€œCards.â€
+The standard component of the game. Magic cards may be traditional or nontraditional. Tokens aren’t considered cards. In the text of spells or abilities, the term “card” is used only to refer to a card that’s not on the battlefield or on the stack, such as a creature card in a player’s hand. See rule 108, “Cards.”
 Card Pool
-In a Limited format, the cards a player may use, in addition to basic land cards, to build his or her deck.
+In a Limited format, the cards a player may use, in addition to basic land cards, to build their deck.
 Card Type
-A characteristic. Except for abilities on the stack, each object has a card type, even if that object isnâ€™t a card. Each card type has its own rules. See rule 205, â€œType Line,â€ and section 3, â€œCard Types.â€
+A characteristic. Except for abilities on the stack, each object has a card type, even if that object isn’t a card. Each card type has its own rules. See rule 205, “Type Line,” and section 3, “Card Types.”
 Cascade
-A keyword ability that may let a player cast a random extra spell for no cost. See rule 702.84, â€œCascade.â€
+A keyword ability that may let a player cast a random extra spell for no cost. See rule 702.84, “Cascade.”
 Cast
-To take a card from where it is (usually the hand), put it on the stack, and pay its costs, so that it will eventually resolve and have its effect. See rule 601, â€œCasting Spells.â€
+To take a card from where it is (usually the hand), put it on the stack, and pay its costs, so that it will eventually resolve and have its effect. See rule 601, “Casting Spells.”
 Caster (Obsolete)
-An obsolete term that referred to the player who cast a spell. In general, cards that were printed with the term â€œcasterâ€ have received errata in the Oracle card reference to say â€œcontroller.â€
+An obsolete term that referred to the player who cast a spell. In general, cards that were printed with the term “caster” have received errata in the Oracle card reference to say “controller.”
 Casting Cost (Obsolete)
 An obsolete term for mana cost. Cards printed with this text have received errata in the Oracle card reference.
 Champion, Championed
-â€œChampionâ€ is a keyword ability that lets one creature temporarily replace another. A permanent is â€œchampionedâ€ by another permanent if the latter exiles the former as the direct result of a champion ability. See rule 702.71, â€œChampion.â€
+“Champion” is a keyword ability that lets one creature temporarily replace another. A permanent is “championed” by another permanent if the latter exiles the former as the direct result of a champion ability. See rule 702.71, “Champion.”
 Change a Target
-To choose a new, legal target for a spell or ability. See rule 114.6.
+To choose a new, legal target for a spell or ability. See rule 114.7.
 Changeling
-A characteristic-defining ability that grants the object itâ€™s on every creature type. See rule 702.72, â€œChangeling.â€
+A characteristic-defining ability that grants the object it’s on every creature type. See rule 702.72, “Changeling.”
 Chaos Ability
-An ability of a plane card that triggers â€œWhenever you roll {CHAOS}â€ on the planar die in the Planechase casual variant. See rule 309.7.
+An ability of a plane card that triggers “Whenever you roll {CHAOS}” on the planar die in the Planechase casual variant. See rule 309.7.
 Chaos Symbol
 The chaos symbol {CHAOS} appears on the planar die and in some triggered abilities of plane cards in the Planechase casual variant. See rule 107.12.
 Characteristics
 Information that defines an object. See rule 109.3.
 Characteristic-Defining Ability
-A kind of static ability that conveys information about an objectâ€™s characteristics that would normally be found elsewhere on that object (such as in its mana cost, type line, or power/toughness box). See rule 604.3.
+A kind of static ability that conveys information about an object’s characteristics that would normally be found elsewhere on that object (such as in its mana cost, type line, or power/toughness box). See rule 604.3.
 Checklist Card
-A game supplement with a Magic card back that can be used to represent a double-faced card or meld card. See rule 713, â€œChecklist Cards.â€
+A game supplement with a Magic card back that can be used to represent a double-faced card or meld card. See rule 713, “Checklist Cards.”
 Cipher
-A keyword ability that allows you to encode a card on a creature and cast that card whenever that creature deals combat damage to a player. See rule 702.98, â€œCipher.â€
+A keyword ability that allows you to encode a card on a creature and cast that card whenever that creature deals combat damage to a player. See rule 702.98, “Cipher.”
+City’s Blessing
+A designation a player can have. The ascend keyword causes a player to get this designation once they control ten permanents. See rule 702.130, “Ascend.”
 Clash
-To have a mini-contest involving the top cards of playersâ€™ libraries. See rule 701.21, â€œClash.â€
+To have a mini-contest involving the top cards of players’ libraries. See rule 701.22, “Clash.”
 Cleanup Step
-Part of the turn. This step is the second and final step of the ending phase. See rule 514, â€œCleanup Step.â€
+Part of the turn. This step is the second and final step of the ending phase. See rule 514, “Cleanup Step.”
 Collector Number
-A number printed on most cards that has no effect on game play. See rule 212, â€œInformation Below the Text Box.â€
+A number printed on most cards that has no effect on game play. See rule 212, “Information Below the Text Box.”
 Color
-1. A characteristic of an object. See rule 105, â€œColors,â€ and rule 202, â€œMana Cost and Color.â€
+1. A characteristic of an object. See rule 105, “Colors,” and rule 202, “Mana Cost and Color.”
-2. An attribute mana may have. See rule 106, â€œMana.â€
+2. An attribute mana may have. See rule 106, “Mana.”
 Colorless
-1. An object with no color is colorless. Colorless is not a color. See rule 105, â€œColors,â€ and rule 202, â€œMana Cost and Color.â€
+1. An object with no color is colorless. Colorless is not a color. See rule 105, “Colors,” and rule 202, “Mana Cost and Color.”
-2. A type of mana. See rule 106, â€œMana,â€ and rule 107.4c.
+2. A type of mana. See rule 106, “Mana,” and rule 107.4c.
 Color Identity
 A set of colors that determines what cards may be included in a deck for the Commander casual variant. See rule 903.4.
 Color Indicator
-A characteristic of an object. See rule 105, â€œColors,â€ and rule 204, â€œColor Indicator.â€
+A characteristic of an object. See rule 105, “Colors,” and rule 204, “Color Indicator.”
 Combat Damage
-Damage dealt during the combat damage step by attacking creatures and blocking creatures as a consequence of combat. See rule 510, â€œCombat Damage Step.â€
+Damage dealt during the combat damage step by attacking creatures and blocking creatures as a consequence of combat. See rule 510, “Combat Damage Step.”
 Combat Damage Step
-Part of the turn. This step is the fourth step of the combat phase. See rule 510, â€œCombat Damage Step.â€
+Part of the turn. This step is the fourth step of the combat phase. See rule 510, “Combat Damage Step.”
 Combat Phase
-Part of the turn. This phase is the third phase of the turn. See rule 506, â€œCombat Phase.â€
+Part of the turn. This phase is the third phase of the turn. See rule 506, “Combat Phase.”
 Command
-A zone for certain specialized objects that have an overarching effect on the game, yet are not permanents and cannot be destroyed. See rule 408, â€œCommand.â€
+A zone for certain specialized objects that have an overarching effect on the game, yet are not permanents and cannot be destroyed. See rule 408, “Command.”
 Commander
-1. A casual variant in which each deck is led by a legendary creature. See rule 903, â€œCommander.â€
+1. A casual variant in which each deck is led by a legendary creature. See rule 903, “Commander.”
-2. A designation given to one legendary creature card in each playerâ€™s deck in the Commander casual variant.
+2. A designation given to one legendary creature card in each player’s deck in the Commander casual variant.
+Commander Ninjutsu
+A variant of the ninjutsu ability. See rule 702.48, “Ninjutsu.”
+Commander Tax
+Informal term for the additional cost to cast a commander based on the number of times a player has cast it previously this game. See rule 903.8.
 Concede
-To quit the game. Conceding a game immediately causes that player to leave that game and lose that game. See rule 104, â€œEnding the Game.â€
+To quit the game. Conceding a game immediately causes that player to leave that game and lose that game. See rule 104, “Ending the Game.”
 Conspiracy
-A card type used in Limited formats such as Conspiracy Draft. A conspiracy card is not a permanent. See rule 313, â€œConspiracies.â€
+A card type used in Limited formats such as Conspiracy Draft. A conspiracy card is not a permanent. See rule 313, “Conspiracies.”
 Conspiracy Draft
-A casual variant in which players participate in a booster draft and then play multiplayer games. See rule 905, â€œConspiracy Draft.â€
+A casual variant in which players participate in a booster draft and then play multiplayer games. See rule 905, “Conspiracy Draft.”
 Conspire
-A keyword ability that creates a copy of a spell. See rule 702.77, â€œConspire.â€
+A keyword ability that creates a copy of a spell. See rule 702.77, “Conspire.”
 Constructed
-A way of playing in which each player creates his or her own deck ahead of time. See rule 100.2a.
+A way of playing in which each player creates their own deck ahead of time. See rule 100.2a.
 Continuous Effect
-An effect that modifies characteristics of objects, modifies control of objects, or affects players or the rules of the game, for a fixed or indefinite period. See rule 611, â€œContinuous Effects.â€
+An effect that modifies characteristics of objects, modifies control of objects, or affects players or the rules of the game, for a fixed or indefinite period. See rule 611, “Continuous Effects.”
 Continuous Artifact (Obsolete)
-An obsolete term that appeared on the type line of artifacts without activated abilities. Cards printed with this text have received errata in the Oracle card reference to simply say â€œArtifact.â€
+An obsolete term that appeared on the type line of artifacts without activated abilities. Cards printed with this text have received errata in the Oracle card reference to simply say “Artifact.”
 Control, Controller
-â€œControlâ€ is the system that determines who gets to use an object in the game. An objectâ€™s â€œcontrollerâ€ is the player who currently controls it. See rule 108.4.
+“Control” is the system that determines who gets to use an object in the game. An object’s “controller” is the player who currently controls it. See rule 108.4.
 Control Another Player
-To make all choices and decisions that player is allowed to make, or is told to make, by rules or by any objects. See rule 714, â€œControlling Another Player.â€
+To make all choices and decisions that player is allowed to make, or is told to make, by rules or by any objects. See rule 715, “Controlling Another Player.”
 Converted Mana Cost
 The total amount of mana in a mana cost, regardless of color. See rule 202.3.
 Convoke
-A keyword ability that lets you tap creatures rather than pay mana to cast a spell. See rule 702.50, â€œConvoke.â€
+A keyword ability that lets you tap creatures rather than pay mana to cast a spell. See rule 702.50, “Convoke.”
 Copiable Values
-Values of an objectâ€™s characteristics that are checked by copy effects. See rules 706.2 and 706.3.
+Values of an object’s characteristics that are checked by copy effects. See rules 706.2 and 706.3.
 Copy
 1. To create a new object whose copiable values have been set to those of another object.
 2. An object whose copiable values have been set to those of another object.
-See rule 706, â€œCopying Objects.â€
+See rule 706, “Copying Objects.”
 Cost
-An action or payment necessary to take another action or to stop another action from taking place. See rule 117, â€œCosts.â€
+An action or payment necessary to take another action or to stop another action from taking place. See rule 117, “Costs.”
 Counter
-1. To cancel a spell or ability so it doesnâ€™t resolve and none of its effects occur. See rule 701.5, â€œCounter.â€
+1. To cancel a spell or ability so it doesn’t resolve and none of its effects occur. See rule 701.5, “Counter.”
-2. A marker placed on an object or player that modifies its characteristics or interacts with a rule or ability. See rule 121, â€œCounters.â€
+2. A marker placed on an object or player that modifies its characteristics or interacts with a rule or ability. See rule 121, “Counters.”
 Counts As (Obsolete)
-Some older cards were printed with text stating that the card â€œcounts asâ€ something. Cards printed with this text have received errata in the Oracle card reference to state that the card actually is that thing.
+Some older cards were printed with text stating that the card “counts as” something. Cards printed with this text have received errata in the Oracle card reference to state that the card actually is that thing.
 Create
-To create a token is to put a token onto the battlefield. See rule 701.6, â€œCreate.â€
+To create a token is to put a token onto the battlefield. See rule 701.6, “Create.”
 Creature
-A card type. A creature is a permanent. See rule 302, â€œCreatures.â€
+A card type. A creature is a permanent. See rule 302, “Creatures.”
 Creature Type
-A subtype thatâ€™s correlated to the creature card type and the tribal card type. See rule 302, â€œCreatures,â€ and rule 308, â€œTribals.â€ See rule 205.3m for the list of creature types.
+A subtype that’s correlated to the creature card type and the tribal card type. See rule 302, “Creatures,” and rule 308, “Tribals.” See rule 205.3m for the list of creature types.
 Crew
-A keyword ability that lets you tap creatures to turn a Vehicle into an artifact creature. See rule 301, â€œArtifacts,â€ and rule 702.121, â€œCrew.â€
+A keyword ability that lets you tap creatures to turn a Vehicle into an artifact creature. See rule 301, “Artifacts,” and rule 702.121, “Crew.”
 Cumulative Upkeep
-A keyword ability that imposes an increasing cost to keep a permanent on the battlefield. See rule 702.23, â€œCumulative Upkeep.â€
+A keyword ability that imposes an increasing cost to keep a permanent on the battlefield. See rule 702.23, “Cumulative Upkeep.”
 Cycling
-A keyword ability that lets a card be discarded and replaced with a new card. See rule 702.28, â€œCycling.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a card be discarded and replaced with a new card. See rule 702.28, “Cycling.”
 Damage
-Objects can deal â€œdamageâ€ to creatures, planeswalkers, and players. This is generally detrimental to the object or player that receives that damage. See rule 119, â€œDamage.â€
+Objects can deal “damage” to creatures, planeswalkers, and players. This is generally detrimental to the object or player that receives that damage. See rule 119, “Damage.”
 Damage Assignment Order
-The order, announced during the declare blockers step, that an attacking creature will assign its combat damage among the multiple creatures blocking it, or that a blocking creature will assign its combat damage among the multiple creatures itâ€™s blocking. See rules 509.2 and 509.3.
+The order, announced during the declare blockers step, that an attacking creature will assign its combat damage among the multiple creatures blocking it, or that a blocking creature will assign its combat damage among the multiple creatures it’s blocking. See rules 509.2 and 509.3.
 Dash
-A keyword ability that allows creatures to be especially aggressive. See rule 702.108, â€œDash.â€
+A keyword ability that allows creatures to be especially aggressive. See rule 702.108, “Dash.”
 Deal
 See Damage.
 Deathtouch
-A keyword ability that causes damage dealt by an object to be especially effective. See rule 702.2, â€œDeathtouch.â€
+A keyword ability that causes damage dealt by an object to be especially effective. See rule 702.2, “Deathtouch.”
 Deck
-The collection of cards a player starts the game with; it becomes that playerâ€™s library. See rule 100, â€œGeneral,â€ and rule 103, â€œStarting the Game.â€
+The collection of cards a player starts the game with; it becomes that player’s library. See rule 100, “General,” and rule 103, “Starting the Game.”
 Declare Attackers
 To choose a set of creatures that will attack, declare whether each creature is attacking the defending player or a planeswalker that player controls, and pay any costs required to allow those creatures to attack. See rule 508.1.
 Declare Attackers Step
-Part of the turn. This step is the second step of the combat phase. See rule 508, â€œDeclare Attackers Step.â€
+Part of the turn. This step is the second step of the combat phase. See rule 508, “Declare Attackers Step.”
 Declare Blockers
 To choose a set of creatures that will block, declare which attacking creature each creature is blocking, and pay any costs required to allow those creatures to block. See rule 509.1.
 Declare Blockers Step
-Part of the turn. This step is the third step of the combat phase. See rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step.â€
+Part of the turn. This step is the third step of the combat phase. See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step.”
 Defender
-A keyword ability that prohibits a creature from attacking. See rule 702.3, â€œDefender.â€
+A keyword ability that prohibits a creature from attacking. See rule 702.3, “Defender.”
 Defending Player
-The player who can be attacked, and whose planeswalkers can be attacked, during the combat phase. See rule 506.2. In certain multiplayer games, there may be more than one defending player; see rule 802, â€œAttack Multiple Players Option,â€ and rule 810.7.
+The player who can be attacked, and whose planeswalkers can be attacked, during the combat phase. See rule 506.2. In certain multiplayer games, there may be more than one defending player; see rule 802, “Attack Multiple Players Option,” and rule 805.10.
 Defending Team
-The team who can be attacked, and whose planeswalkers can be attacked, during the combat phase of a Two-Headed Giant game. See rule 810.7.
+The team who can be attacked, and whose planeswalkers can be attacked, during the combat phase of a multiplayer game using the shared team turns option. See rule 805, “Shared Team Turns Option.”
 Delayed Triggered Ability
 An ability created by effects generated when some spells or abilities resolve, or when some replacement effects are applied, that does something later on rather than at that time. See rule 603.7.
 Delve
-A keyword ability that lets you exile cards from your graveyard rather than pay generic mana to cast a spell. See rule 702.65, â€œDelve.â€
+A keyword ability that lets you exile cards from your graveyard rather than pay generic mana to cast a spell. See rule 702.65, “Delve.”
 Dependency
 A system that may be used to determine in which order continuous effects in the same layer or sublayer are applied. See rule 613.7. See also Timestamp Order.
 Deploy Creatures Option
-An option that may be used in certain multiplayer variants to pass control of creatures between teammates. See rule 804, â€œDeploy Creatures Option.â€
+An option that may be used in certain multiplayer variants to pass control of creatures between teammates. See rule 804, “Deploy Creatures Option.”
 Destroy
-To move a permanent from the battlefield to its ownerâ€™s graveyard. See rule 701.7, â€œDestroy.â€
+To move a permanent from the battlefield to its owner’s graveyard. See rule 701.7, “Destroy.”
 Detain
-A keyword action that temporarily stops a permanent from attacking, blocking, or having its activated abilities activated. See rule 701.27, â€œDetain.â€
+A keyword action that temporarily stops a permanent from attacking, blocking, or having its activated abilities activated. See rule 701.28, “Detain.”
 Dethrone
-A keyword ability that puts a +1/+1 counter on a creature when it attacks the player with the most life. See rule 702.104, â€œDethrone.â€
+A keyword ability that puts a +1/+1 counter on a creature when it attacks the player with the most life. See rule 702.104, “Dethrone.”
 Devoid
-A characteristic-defining ability that makes an object colorless. See rule 702.113, â€œDevoid.â€
+A characteristic-defining ability that makes an object colorless. See rule 702.113, “Devoid.”
 Devotion
 A numerical value a player has, equal to the number of mana symbols of a certain color among the mana costs of permanents that player controls. See rule 700.5.
 Devour
-A keyword ability that can have a creature enter the battlefield with +1/+1 counters on it. See rule 702.81, â€œDevour.â€
+A keyword ability that can have a creature enter the battlefield with +1/+1 counters on it. See rule 702.81, “Devour.”
 Dies
-A creature â€œdiesâ€ if it is put into a graveyard from the battlefield. See rule 700.4.
+A creature or planeswalker “dies” if it is put into a graveyard from the battlefield. See rule 700.4.
 Discard
-To move a card from its ownerâ€™s hand to that playerâ€™s graveyard. See rule 701.8, â€œDiscard.â€
+To move a card from its owner’s hand to that player’s graveyard. See rule 701.8, “Discard.”
+Double Agenda
+A variant of the hidden agenda ability. See rule 702.105, “Hidden Agenda.”
+Double Strike
+A keyword ability that lets a creature deal its combat damage twice. See rule 702.4, “Double Strike.”
 Double-Faced Cards
-Cards with two faces, one on each side of the card, and no Magic card back. See rule 711, â€œDouble-Faced Cards.â€
+Cards with two faces, one on each side of the card, and no Magic card back. See rule 711, “Double-Faced Cards.”
-Double Strike
-A keyword ability that lets a creature deal its combat damage twice. See rule 702.4, â€œDouble Strike.â€
 Draft
 1. A Limited format in which players choose cards one at a time from booster packs, then construct a deck solely from the chosen cards and basic land cards.
 2. To choose a card during a draft and put it into your card pool.
 Draft Round
 Part of a draft in which each player opens an unopened booster pack and the cards in those booster packs are drafted. See rules 905.1a and 905.1b.
 Draw
-1. To put the top card of a playerâ€™s library into his or her hand as a turn-based action or as the result of an effect that uses the word â€œdraw.â€ See rule 120, â€œDrawing a Card.â€
+1. To put the top card of a player’s library into their hand as a turn-based action or as the result of an effect that uses the word “draw.” See rule 120, “Drawing a Card.”
 2. The result of a game in which neither player wins or loses. See rule 104.4.
 Draw Step
-Part of the turn. This step is the third and final step of the beginning phase. See rule 504, â€œDraw Step.â€
+Part of the turn. This step is the third and final step of the beginning phase. See rule 504, “Draw Step.”
 Dredge
-A keyword ability that lets a player return a card from his or her graveyard to his or her hand. See rule 702.51, â€œDredge.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player return a card from their graveyard to their hand. See rule 702.51, “Dredge.”
 During (Obsolete)
-Some older cards used the phrase â€œduring [phase], [action].â€ These abilities were called â€œphase abilities.â€ In general, cards that were printed with phase abilities have received errata in the Oracle card reference so they have abilities that trigger at the beginning of a step or phase. â€œDuringâ€ still appears in current card text, but only in its normal English sense and not as game terminology.
+Some older cards used the phrase “during [phase], [action].” These abilities were called “phase abilities.” In general, cards that were printed with phase abilities have received errata in the Oracle card reference so they have abilities that trigger at the beginning of a step or phase. “During” still appears in current card text, but only in its normal English sense and not as game terminology.
 Echo
-A keyword ability that imposes a cost to keep a permanent on the battlefield. See rule 702.29, â€œEcho.â€
+A keyword ability that imposes a cost to keep a permanent on the battlefield. See rule 702.29, “Echo.”
 EDH (Obsolete)
-An older name for the Commander casual variant. See rule 903, â€œCommander.â€
+An older name for the Commander casual variant. See rule 903, “Commander.”
 Effect
-Something that happens in the game as a result of a spell or ability. See rule 609, â€œEffects.â€
+Something that happens in the game as a result of a spell or ability. See rule 609, “Effects.”
 Embalm
-A keyword ability that lets a player exile a creature card from his or her graveyard to create a mummified token version of that card. See rule 702.127, â€œEmbalm.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player exile a creature card from their graveyard to create a mummified token version of that card. See rule 702.127, “Embalm.”
 Emblem
-An emblem is a marker used to represent an object that has one or more abilities, but no other characteristics. See rule 113, â€œEmblems.â€
+An emblem is a marker used to represent an object that has one or more abilities, but no other characteristics. See rule 113, “Emblems.”
 Emerge
-A keyword ability that lets a player cast a spell for less by sacrificing a creature. See rule 702.118, â€œEmerge.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player cast a spell for less by sacrificing a creature. See rule 702.118, “Emerge.”
 Emperor
-The middle player on each team in an Emperor game. See rule 809, â€œEmperor Variant.â€
+The middle player on each team in an Emperor game. See rule 809, “Emperor Variant.”
 Emperor Variant
-A multiplayer variant played among three-player teams. See rule 809, â€œEmperor Variant.â€
+A multiplayer variant played among three-player teams. See rule 809, “Emperor Variant.”
 Enchant
-A keyword ability that defines what an Aura spell can target and what an Aura permanent can be attached to. See rule 303, â€œEnchantments,â€ and rule 702.5, â€œEnchant.â€
+A keyword ability that defines what an Aura spell can target and what an Aura permanent can be attached to. See rule 303, “Enchantments,” and rule 702.5, “Enchant.”
 Enchantment
-A card type. An enchantment is a permanent. See rule 303, â€œEnchantments.â€ See also Aura.
+A card type. An enchantment is a permanent. See rule 303, “Enchantments.” See also Aura.
 Enchantment Type
-A subtype thatâ€™s correlated to the enchantment card type. See rule 303, â€œEnchantments.â€ See rule 205.3h for the list of enchantment types.
+A subtype that’s correlated to the enchantment card type. See rule 303, “Enchantments.” See rule 205.3h for the list of enchantment types.
 Encoded
-A term that describes the relationship between a permanent and a card exiled by a cipher ability. See rule 702.98, â€œCipher.â€
+A term that describes the relationship between a permanent and a card exiled by a cipher ability. See rule 702.98, “Cipher.”
 Encounter
-To move a phenomenon card off the top of a planar deck and turn it face up. See rule 310, â€œPhenomena.â€
+To move a phenomenon card off the top of a planar deck and turn it face up. See rule 310, “Phenomena.”
 End of Combat Step
-Part of the turn. This step is the fifth and final step of the combat phase. See rule 511, â€œEnd of Combat Step.â€
+Part of the turn. This step is the fifth and final step of the combat phase. See rule 511, “End of Combat Step.”
 End Step
-Part of the turn. This step is the first step of the ending phase. See rule 513, â€œEnd Step.â€
+Part of the turn. This step is the first step of the ending phase. See rule 513, “End Step.”
 End the Turn
-To â€œend the turnâ€ as the result of an effect is to perform an expedited process that skips nearly everything else that would happen that turn. See rule 715, â€œEnding the Turn.â€
+To “end the turn” as the result of an effect is to perform an expedited process that skips nearly everything else that would happen that turn. See rule 716, “Ending the Turn.”
 Ending Phase
-Part of the turn. This phase is the fifth and final phase of the turn. See rule 512, â€œEnding Phase.â€
+Part of the turn. This phase is the fifth and final phase of the turn. See rule 512, “Ending Phase.”
 Energy Symbol
-The energy symbol {E} represents one energy counter. To pay {E}, a player removes one energy counter from himself or herself.
+The energy symbol {E} represents one energy counter. To pay {E}, a player removes one energy counter from themselves.
 Enters the Battlefield
-A nontoken permanent â€œenters the battlefieldâ€ when itâ€™s moved onto the battlefield from another zone. A token â€œenters the battlefieldâ€ when itâ€™s created. See rules 403.3, 603.6a, 603.6d, and 614.12.
+A nontoken permanent “enters the battlefield” when it’s moved onto the battlefield from another zone. A token “enters the battlefield” when it’s created. See rules 403.3, 603.6a, 603.6d, and 614.12.
 Entwine
-A keyword ability that lets a player choose all modes for a spell rather than just one. See rule 702.41, â€œEntwine.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player choose all modes for a spell rather than just one. See rule 702.41, “Entwine.”
 Epic
-A keyword ability that lets a player copy a spell at the beginning of each of his or her upkeeps at the expense of casting any other spells for the rest of the game. See rule 702.49, â€œEpic.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player copy a spell at the beginning of each of their upkeeps at the expense of casting any other spells for the rest of the game. See rule 702.49, “Epic.”
 Equip
-A keyword ability that lets a player attach an Equipment to a creature he or she controls. See rule 301, â€œArtifacts,â€ and rule 702.6, â€œEquip.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player attach an Equipment to a creature they control. See rule 301, “Artifacts,” and rule 702.6, “Equip.”
 Equipment
-An artifact subtype. Equipment can be attached to creatures. See rule 301, â€œArtifacts,â€ and rule 702.6, â€œEquip.â€
+An artifact subtype. Equipment can be attached to creatures. See rule 301, “Artifacts,” and rule 702.6, “Equip.”
 Escalate
-A keyword ability on some modal spells that adds a cost for choosing additional modes. See rule 702.119, â€œEscalate.â€
+A keyword ability on some modal spells that adds a cost for choosing additional modes. See rule 702.119, “Escalate.”
 Eternalize
-A keyword ability that lets a player exile a creature card from his or her graveyard to create an eternalized token version of that card. See rule 702.128, â€œEternalize.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player exile a creature card from their graveyard to create an eternalized token version of that card. See rule 702.128, “Eternalize.”
 Evasion Ability
-An ability that restricts what creatures can block an attacking creature. See rules 509.1bâ€“c.
+An ability that restricts what creatures can block an attacking creature. See rules 509.1b–c.
 Event
 Anything that happens in a game. See rule 700.1.
 Evoke
-A keyword ability that causes a permanent to be sacrificed when it enters the battlefield. See rule 702.73, â€œEvoke.â€
+A keyword ability that causes a permanent to be sacrificed when it enters the battlefield. See rule 702.73, “Evoke.”
 Evolve
-A keyword ability that lets you put a +1/+1 counter on a creature when a larger creature enters the battlefield under your control. See rule 702.99, â€œEvolve.â€
+A keyword ability that lets you put a +1/+1 counter on a creature when a larger creature enters the battlefield under your control. See rule 702.99, “Evolve.”
 Exalted
-A keyword ability that can make a creature better in combat. See rule 702.82, â€œExalted.â€
+A keyword ability that can make a creature better in combat. See rule 702.82, “Exalted.”
 Exchange
-To swap two things, such as objects, sets of objects, or life totals. See rule 701.9, â€œExchange.â€
+To swap two things, such as objects, sets of objects, or life totals. See rule 701.10, “Exchange.”
 Exert
-A keyword action that stops a permanent from untapping during the next uptap step of the player who exerted it. See rule 701.37, â€œExert.â€
+A keyword action that stops a permanent from untapping during the next uptap step of the player who exerted it. See rule 701.38, “Exert.”
 Exile
-1. A zone. Exile is essentially a holding area for cards. It used to be known as the â€œremoved-from-the-gameâ€ zone.
+1. A zone. Exile is essentially a holding area for cards. It used to be known as the “removed-from-the-game” zone.
-2. To put an object into the exile zone from whatever zone itâ€™s currently in. An â€œexiledâ€ card is one thatâ€™s been put into the exile zone.
+2. To put an object into the exile zone from whatever zone it’s currently in. An “exiled” card is one that’s been put into the exile zone.
-See rule 406, â€œExile.â€
+See rule 406, “Exile.”
 Expansion Symbol
-A cardâ€™s expansion symbol is a small icon normally printed below the right edge of the illustration that has no effect on game play. See rule 206, â€œExpansion Symbol.â€
+A card’s expansion symbol is a small icon normally printed below the right edge of the illustration that has no effect on game play. See rule 206, “Expansion Symbol.”
 Exploit
-A keyword ability that lets you sacrifice a creature for a benefit. See rule 702.109, â€œExploit.â€
+A keyword ability that lets you sacrifice a creature for a benefit. See rule 702.109, “Exploit.”
 Explore
-A keyword action that causes a player to reveal the top card of his or her library and then to take different actions depending on whether a land card is revealed this way. See rule 701.38, â€œExplore.â€
+A keyword action that causes a player to reveal the top card of their library and then to take different actions depending on whether a land card is revealed this way. See rule 701.39, “Explore.”
 Extort
-A keyword ability that lets you gain life and have opponents lose life whenever you cast a spell. See rule 702.100, â€œExtort.â€
+A keyword ability that lets you gain life and have opponents lose life whenever you cast a spell. See rule 702.100, “Extort.”
 Extra Turn
 A turn created by an effect of a spell or ability. See rule 500.7. For rules about extra turns in a multiplayer game using the shared team turns option, see 805.8. For rules about extra turns in a Grand Melee game, see rule 807.4.
 Fabricate
-A keyword ability that lets you choose whether to create Servo tokens or put +1/+1 counters on a creature. See rule 702.122, â€œFabricate.â€
+A keyword ability that lets you choose whether to create Servo tokens or put +1/+1 counters on a creature. See rule 702.122, “Fabricate.”
 Face Down
-1. A card is â€œface downâ€ if itâ€™s physically positioned so the card back is showing. Cards in some zones are normally kept face down. See section 4, â€œZones.â€
+1. A card is “face down” if it’s physically positioned so the card back is showing. Cards in some zones are normally kept face down. See section 4, “Zones.”
-2. A status a permanent may have. See rule 110.6 and rule 702.36, â€œMorph.â€
+2. A status a permanent may have. See rule 110.6 and rule 702.36, “Morph.”
-3. Face-down spells have additional rules. See rule 707, â€œFace-Down Spells and Permanents,â€ and rule 702.36, â€œMorph.â€
+3. Face-down spells have additional rules. See rule 707, “Face-Down Spells and Permanents,” and rule 702.36, “Morph.”
 Face Up
-1. A card is â€œface upâ€ if itâ€™s physically positioned so the card front is showing. Cards in some zones are normally kept face up. See section 4, â€œZones.â€
+1. A card is “face up” if it’s physically positioned so the card front is showing. Cards in some zones are normally kept face up. See section 4, “Zones.”
-2. A default status a permanent may have. See rule 110.6 and rule 702.36, â€œMorph.â€
+2. A default status a permanent may have. See rule 110.6 and rule 702.36, “Morph.”
 Fading
-A keyword ability that limits how long a permanent remains on the battlefield. See rule 702.31, â€œFading.â€
+A keyword ability that limits how long a permanent remains on the battlefield. See rule 702.31, “Fading.”
 Fateseal
-To manipulate some of the cards on top of an opponentâ€™s library. See rule 701.20, â€œFateseal.â€
+To manipulate some of the cards on top of an opponent’s library. See rule 701.21, “Fateseal.”
 Fear
-A keyword ability that restricts how a creature may be blocked. See rule 702.35, â€œFear.â€
+A keyword ability that restricts how a creature may be blocked. See rule 702.35, “Fear.”
 Fight
-When two creatures fight, each deals damage equal to its power to the other. See rule 701.11, â€œFight.â€
+When two creatures fight, each deals damage equal to its power to the other. See rule 701.12, “Fight.”
 First Strike
-A keyword ability that lets a creature deal its combat damage before other creatures. See rule 702.7, â€œFirst Strike.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a creature deal its combat damage before other creatures. See rule 702.7, “First Strike.”
 Flanking
-A keyword ability that can make a creature better in combat. See rule 702.24, â€œFlanking.â€
+A keyword ability that can make a creature better in combat. See rule 702.24, “Flanking.”
 Flash
-A keyword ability that lets a player play a card any time he or she could cast an instant. See rule 702.8, â€œFlash.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player play a card any time they could cast an instant. See rule 702.8, “Flash.”
 Flashback
-A keyword ability that lets a player cast a card from his or her graveyard. See rule 702.33, â€œFlashback.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player cast a card from their graveyard. See rule 702.33, “Flashback.”
 Flavor Text
 Text in italics (but not in parentheses) in the text box of a card that has no effect on play. See rule 207.2.
 Flip Cards
-Cards with a two-part card frame (one part of which is printed upside down) on a single card. See rule 709, â€œFlip Cards.â€
+Cards with a two-part card frame (one part of which is printed upside down) on a single card. See rule 709, “Flip Cards.”
 Flipped
-A status a permanent may have. See rule 110.6 and rule 709, â€œFlip Cards.â€ See also Unflipped.
+A status a permanent may have. See rule 110.6 and rule 709, “Flip Cards.” See also Unflipped.
 Flipping a Coin
-A method of randomization with two possible outcomes of equal likelihood. See rule 705, â€œFlipping a Coin.â€
+A method of randomization with two possible outcomes of equal likelihood. See rule 705, “Flipping a Coin.”
 Flying
-A keyword ability that restricts how a creature may be blocked. See rule 702.9, â€œFlying.â€
+A keyword ability that restricts how a creature may be blocked. See rule 702.9, “Flying.”
 Forecast
-A keyword ability that allows an activated ability to be activated from a playerâ€™s hand. See rule 702.56, â€œForecast.â€
+A keyword ability that allows an activated ability to be activated from a player’s hand. See rule 702.56, “Forecast.”
 Forest
-One of the five basic land types. Any land with this subtype has the ability â€œ{T}: Add {G} to your mana pool.â€ See rule 305.6.
+One of the five basic land types. Any land with this subtype has the ability “{T}: Add {G}.” See rule 305.6.
 Forestcycling
 See Typecycling.
 Forestwalk
 See Landwalk.
 Fortification
-An artifact subtype. Fortifications can be attached to lands. See rule 301, â€œArtifacts,â€ and rule 702.66, â€œFortify.â€
+An artifact subtype. Fortifications can be attached to lands. See rule 301, “Artifacts,” and rule 702.66, “Fortify.”
 Fortify
-A keyword ability that lets a player attach a Fortification to a land he or she controls. See rule 301, â€œArtifacts,â€ and rule 702.66, â€œFortify.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player attach a Fortification to a land they control. See rule 301, “Artifacts,” and rule 702.66, “Fortify.”
 Frenzy
-A keyword ability that can make a creature better in combat. See rule 702.67, â€œFrenzy.â€
+A keyword ability that can make a creature better in combat. See rule 702.67, “Frenzy.”
 Free-for-All
-A multiplayer variant in which a group of players compete as individuals against each other. See rule 806, â€œFree-for-All Variant.â€
+A multiplayer variant in which a group of players compete as individuals against each other. See rule 806, “Free-for-All Variant.”
 Fuse
-A keyword ability that allows a player to cast both halves of a split card. See rule 702.101, â€œFuse.â€
+A keyword ability that allows a player to cast both halves of a split card. See rule 702.101, “Fuse.”
 Fused Split Spell
-A split card on the stack that has been cast using the fuse ability or a copy of such a card. See rule 702.101, â€œFuse.â€
+A split card on the stack that has been cast using the fuse ability or a copy of such a card. See rule 702.101, “Fuse.”
 General
-Any player in the Emperor multiplayer variant who isnâ€™t an emperor. See rule 809, â€œEmperor Variant.â€
+Any player in the Emperor multiplayer variant who isn’t an emperor. See rule 809, “Emperor Variant.”
 Generic Mana
 Mana in a cost represented by numerical symbols (such as {1}) or variable symbols (such as {X}) that can be paid with mana of any type. See rule 107.4.
 Global Enchantment (Obsolete)
 An obsolete term for a non-Aura enchantment. Cards printed with this text have received errata in the Oracle card reference.
 Goad
-A keyword action that forces a creature to attack and to attack another player if able. See rule 701.36, â€œGoad.â€
+A keyword action that forces a creature to attack and to attack another player if able. See rule 701.37, “Goad.”
 Graft
-A keyword ability that has a permanent enter the battlefield with +1/+1 counters on it and can move those counters to other creatures. See rule 702.57, â€œGraft.â€
+A keyword ability that has a permanent enter the battlefield with +1/+1 counters on it and can move those counters to other creatures. See rule 702.57, “Graft.”
 Grand Melee
-A multiplayer variant in which a large group of players (usually ten or more) compete as individuals against each other. See rule 807, â€œGrand Melee Variant.â€
+A multiplayer variant in which a large group of players (usually ten or more) compete as individuals against each other. See rule 807, “Grand Melee Variant.”
 Gravestorm
-A keyword ability that creates copies of a spell. See rule 702.68, â€œGravestorm.â€
+A keyword ability that creates copies of a spell. See rule 702.68, “Gravestorm.”
 Graveyard
-1. A zone. A playerâ€™s graveyard is his or her discard pile.
+1. A zone. A player’s graveyard is their discard pile.
-2. All the cards in a playerâ€™s graveyard.
+2. All the cards in a player’s graveyard.
-See rule 404, â€œGraveyard.â€
+See rule 404, “Graveyard.”
 Hand
-1. A zone. A playerâ€™s hand is where that player holds cards he or she has drawn but not played yet.
+1. A zone. A player’s hand is where that player holds cards they have drawn but not played yet.
-2. All the cards in a playerâ€™s hand.
+2. All the cards in a player’s hand.
-See rule 402, â€œHand.â€
+See rule 402, “Hand.”
 Hand Modifier
-A characteristic that only vanguards have. See rule 210, â€œHand Modifier.â€
+A characteristic that only vanguards have. See rule 210, “Hand Modifier.”
 Haste
-A keyword ability that lets a creature ignore the â€œsummoning sicknessâ€ rule. See rule 702.10, â€œHaste,â€ and rule 302.6.
+A keyword ability that lets a creature ignore the “summoning sickness” rule. See rule 702.10, “Haste,” and rule 302.6.
 Haunt
-A keyword ability that exiles cards. A card exiled this way â€œhauntsâ€ a creature targeted by the haunt ability. See rule 702.54, â€œHaunt.â€
+A keyword ability that exiles cards. A card exiled this way “haunts” a creature targeted by the haunt ability. See rule 702.54, “Haunt.”
 Hexproof
-A keyword ability that precludes a permanent or player from being targeted by an opponent. See rule 702.11, â€œHexproof.â€
+A keyword ability that precludes a permanent or player from being targeted by an opponent. See rule 702.11, “Hexproof.”
 Hidden Agenda
-A keyword ability that allows a conspiracy card to be put into the command zone face down. See rule 702.105, â€œHidden Agenda.â€
+A keyword ability that allows a conspiracy card to be put into the command zone face down. See rule 702.105, “Hidden Agenda.”
 Hidden Zone
-A zone in which not all players can be expected to see the cardsâ€™ faces. See rule 400.2. See also Public Zone.
+A zone in which not all players can be expected to see the cards’ faces. See rule 400.2. See also Public Zone.
 Hideaway
-A keyword ability that lets a player store a secret card. See rule 702.74, â€œHideaway.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player store a secret card. See rule 702.74, “Hideaway.”
+Historic
+An object is historic if it has the legendary supertype, the artifact card type, or the Saga subtype. See rule 700.6.
 Horsemanship
-A keyword ability that restricts how a creature may be blocked. See rule 702.30, â€œHorsemanship.â€
+A keyword ability that restricts how a creature may be blocked. See rule 702.30, “Horsemanship.”
 Hybrid Card
-A card with one or more hybrid mana symbols in its mana cost. See rule 202.2d.
+A card with one or more hybrid mana symbols in its mana cost. See rule 202.2f.
 Hybrid Mana Symbols
 A mana symbol that represents a cost that can be paid in one of two ways. See rule 107.4.
 If
-See Intervening â€œIfâ€ Clause.
+See Intervening “If” Clause.
 Illegal Action
-An action that violates the rules of the game and/or requirements or restrictions created by effects. See rule 720, â€œHandling Illegal Actions.â€
+An action that violates the rules of the game and/or requirements or restrictions created by effects. See rule 721, “Handling Illegal Actions.”
 Illegal Target
-A target that no longer exists or no longer meets the specifications stated by the spell or ability thatâ€™s targeting it. See rule 608.2b.
+A target that no longer exists or no longer meets the specifications stated by the spell or ability that’s targeting it. See rule 608.2b.
 Illustration
-A picture printed on the upper half of a card that has no effect on game play. See rule 203, â€œIllustration.â€
+A picture printed on the upper half of a card that has no effect on game play. See rule 203, “Illustration.”
 Illustration Credit
-Information printed directly below the text box that has no effect on game play. See rule 212, â€œInformation Below the Text Box.â€
+Information printed directly below the text box that has no effect on game play. See rule 212, “Information Below the Text Box.”
 Imprint
-â€œImprintâ€ used to be a keyword ability. It is now an ability word and has no rules meaning. All cards printed with the imprint keyword have received errata in the Oracle card reference.
+“Imprint” used to be a keyword ability. It is now an ability word and has no rules meaning. All cards printed with the imprint keyword have received errata in the Oracle card reference.
 Improvise
-A keyword ability that lets you tap artifacts rather than pay mana to cast a spell. See rule 702.125, â€œImprovise.â€
+A keyword ability that lets you tap artifacts rather than pay mana to cast a spell. See rule 702.125, “Improvise.”
 In Play (Obsolete)
-An obsolete term for the battlefield. Cards that were printed with text that contain the phrases â€œin play,â€ â€œfrom play,â€ â€œinto play,â€ or the like are referring to the battlefield and have received errata in the Oracle card reference. See Battlefield.
+An obsolete term for the battlefield. Cards that were printed with text that contain the phrases “in play,” “from play,” “into play,” or the like are referring to the battlefield and have received errata in the Oracle card reference. See Battlefield.
 In Response To
-An instant spell thatâ€™s been cast, or an activated ability thatâ€™s been activated, while another spell or ability is on the stack has been cast or activated â€œin response toâ€ the earlier spell or ability. See rule 116.7.
+An instant spell that’s been cast, or an activated ability that’s been activated, while another spell or ability is on the stack has been cast or activated “in response to” the earlier spell or ability. See rule 116.7.
 Independent
 See Dependency.
 Indestructible
 A keyword ability that precludes a permanent from being destroyed. See rule 702.12.
 Infect
-A keyword ability that affects how an object deals damage to creatures and players. See rule 702.89, â€œInfect.â€
+A keyword ability that affects how an object deals damage to creatures and players. See rule 702.89, “Infect.”
 Ingest
-A keyword ability that can exile the top card of a playerâ€™s library. See rule 702.114, â€œIngest.â€
+A keyword ability that can exile the top card of a player’s library. See rule 702.114, “Ingest.”
 Instant
-A card type. An instant is not a permanent. See rule 304, â€œInstants.â€
+A card type. An instant is not a permanent. See rule 304, “Instants.”
 Instead
-Effects that use the word â€œinsteadâ€ are replacement effects. The word â€œinsteadâ€ indicates what an event will be replaced with. See rule 614, â€œReplacement Effects.â€
+Effects that use the word “instead” are replacement effects. The word “instead” indicates what an event will be replaced with. See rule 614, “Replacement Effects.”
 Interrupt (Obsolete)
-An obsolete card type. All cards printed with this card type are now instants. All abilities that, as printed, said a player could â€œplay as an interruptâ€ can now be activated like any other activated abilities (unless theyâ€™re mana abilities, in which case they follow those rules instead). All relevant cards have been given errata in the Oracle card reference.
+An obsolete card type. All cards printed with this card type are now instants. All abilities that, as printed, said a player could “play as an interrupt” can now be activated like any other activated abilities (unless they’re mana abilities, in which case they follow those rules instead). All relevant cards have been given errata in the Oracle card reference.
-Intervening â€œIfâ€ Clause
+Intervening “If” Clause
 A specially worded condition checked as a triggered ability would trigger and again as it would resolve. See rule 603.4
 Intimidate
-A keyword ability that restricts how a creature may be blocked. See rule 702.13, â€œIntimidate.â€
+A keyword ability that restricts how a creature may be blocked. See rule 702.13, “Intimidate.”
 Investigate
-A keyword action that creates a Clue artifact token. See rule 701.34, â€œInvestigate.â€
+A keyword action that creates a Clue artifact token. See rule 701.35, “Investigate.”
 Island
-One of the five basic land types. Any land with this subtype has the ability â€œ{T}: Add {U} to your mana pool.â€ See rule 305.6.
+One of the five basic land types. Any land with this subtype has the ability “{T}: Add {U}.” See rule 305.6.
 Islandcycling
 See Typecycling.
 Islandhome (Obsolete)
-An obsolete keyword ability that meant â€œThis creature canâ€™t attack unless defending player controls an Islandâ€ and â€œWhen you control no Islands, sacrifice this creature.â€ Cards printed with this ability have been given errata in the Oracle card reference.
+An obsolete keyword ability that meant “This creature can’t attack unless defending player controls an Island” and “When you control no Islands, sacrifice this creature.” Cards printed with this ability have been given errata in the Oracle card reference.
 Islandwalk
 See Landwalk.
+Jump-Start
+A keyword ability that lets a player cast a card from their graveyard by discarding a card. See rule 702.132, “Jump-Start.”
 Keyword Ability
-A game term, such as â€œflyingâ€ or â€œhaste,â€ used as shorthand for a longer ability or group of abilities. See rule 702, â€œKeyword Abilities.â€
+A game term, such as “flying” or “haste,” used as shorthand for a longer ability or group of abilities. See rule 702, “Keyword Abilities.”
 Keyword Action
-A verb, such as â€œdestroyâ€ or â€œcast,â€ used as a game term rather than as its normal English meaning. See rule 701, â€œKeyword Actions.â€
+A verb, such as “destroy” or “cast,” used as a game term rather than as its normal English meaning. See rule 701, “Keyword Actions.”
 Kicker, Kicked
-Kicker is a keyword ability that represents an optional additional cost. A spell has been kicked if its controller declared the intention to pay any or all of its kicker costs. See rule 702.32, â€œKicker.â€
+Kicker is a keyword ability that represents an optional additional cost. A spell has been kicked if its controller declared the intention to pay any or all of its kicker costs. See rule 702.32, “Kicker.”
 Land
-A card type. A land is a permanent. See rule 305, â€œLands.â€
+A card type. A land is a permanent. See rule 305, “Lands.”
 Land Type
-A subtype thatâ€™s correlated to the land card type. See rule 305, â€œLands.â€ See rule 205.3i for the list of land types.
+A subtype that’s correlated to the land card type. See rule 305, “Lands.” See rule 205.3i for the list of land types.
 Landwalk
-A generic term for a group of keyword abilities that restrict whether a creature may be blocked. See rule 702.14, â€œLandwalk.â€
+A generic term for a group of keyword abilities that restrict whether a creature may be blocked. See rule 702.14, “Landwalk.”
 Last Known Information
-Information about an object thatâ€™s no longer in the zone itâ€™s expected to be in, or information about a player thatâ€™s no longer in the game. This information captures that objectâ€™s last existence in that zone or that playerâ€™s last existence in the game. See rules 112.7a, 608.2b, 608.2g, and 800.4h.
+Information about an object that’s no longer in the zone it’s expected to be in, or information about a player that’s no longer in the game. This information captures that object’s last existence in that zone or that player’s last existence in the game. See rules 112.7a, 608.2b, 608.2g, and 800.4h.
 Layer
-A system used to determine in which order continuous effects are applied. See rule 613, â€œInteraction of Continuous Effects.â€ See also Dependency, Timestamp Order.
+A system used to determine in which order continuous effects are applied. See rule 613, “Interaction of Continuous Effects.” See also Dependency, Timestamp Order.
 Leaves the Battlefield
-A permanent â€œleaves the battlefieldâ€ when itâ€™s moved from the battlefield to another zone, or (if itâ€™s phased in) when it leaves the game because its owner leaves the game. See rules 603.6c and 603.10.
+A permanent “leaves the battlefield” when it’s moved from the battlefield to another zone, or (if it’s phased in) when it leaves the game because its owner leaves the game. See rules 603.6c and 603.10.
 Legal Text
-Information printed directly below the text box that has no effect on game play. See rule 212, â€œInformation Below the Text Box.â€
+Information printed directly below the text box that has no effect on game play. See rule 212, “Information Below the Text Box.”
 Legend (Obsolete)
 An obsolete creature type. Cards printed with this subtype have been given errata in the Oracle card reference so they have the legendary supertype instead. See Legendary.
 Legendary
-A supertype thatâ€™s normally relevant on permanents. See rule 205.4, â€œSupertypes.â€ See also Legend Rule.
+A supertype that’s normally relevant on permanents. See rule 205.4, “Supertypes.” See also Legend Rule.
 Legend Rule
-A state-based action that causes a player who controls two or more legendary permanents with the same name to put all but one into their ownersâ€™ graveyards. See rule 704.5j.
+A state-based action that causes a player who controls two or more legendary permanents with the same name to put all but one into their owners’ graveyards. See rule 704.5j.
 Lethal Damage
-An amount of damage greater than or equal to a creatureâ€™s toughness. See rules 119.6, 510.1, and 704.5g.
+An amount of damage greater than or equal to a creature’s toughness. See rules 119.6, 510.1, and 704.5g.
 Level Symbol
-A symbol that represents a keyword ability indicating abilities, power, and toughness a leveler card may have. See rule 107.8 and rule 710, â€œLeveler Cards.â€
+A symbol that represents a keyword ability indicating abilities, power, and toughness a leveler card may have. See rule 107.8 and rule 710, “Leveler Cards.”
 Level Up
-A keyword ability that can put level counters on a creature. See rule 702.86, â€œLevel Up.â€
+A keyword ability that can put level counters on a creature. See rule 702.86, “Level Up.”
 Leveler Cards
-Cards with striated text boxes and three power/toughness boxes. See rule 710, â€œLeveler Cards.â€
+Cards with striated text boxes and three power/toughness boxes. See rule 710, “Leveler Cards.”
 Library
-1. A zone. A playerâ€™s library is where that player draws cards from.
+1. A zone. A player’s library is where that player draws cards from.
-2. All the cards in a playerâ€™s library.
+2. All the cards in a player’s library.
-See rule 401, â€œLibrary.â€
+See rule 401, “Library.”
 Life, Life Total
-Each player has an amount of â€œlife,â€ represented by that playerâ€™s â€œlife total.â€ Life may be gained or lost. See rule 118, â€œLife.â€
+Each player has an amount of “life,” represented by that player’s “life total.” Life may be gained or lost. See rule 118, “Life.”
 Life Modifier
-A characteristic that only vanguards have. See rule 211, â€œLife Modifier.â€
+A characteristic that only vanguards have. See rule 211, “Life Modifier.”
 Lifelink
-A keyword ability that causes a player to gain life. See rule 702.15, â€œLifelink.â€
+A keyword ability that causes a player to gain life. See rule 702.15, “Lifelink.”
 Limited
-A way of playing in which each player gets a quantity of unopened Magic product and creates his or her own deck on the spot. See rule 100.2.
+A way of playing in which each player gets a quantity of unopened Magic product and creates their own deck on the spot. See rule 100.2.
 Limited Range of Influence
-An optional rule used in some multiplayer games that limits what a player can affect. See rule 801, â€œLimited Range of Influence Option.â€
+An optional rule used in some multiplayer games that limits what a player can affect. See rule 801, “Limited Range of Influence Option.”
 Linked Abilities
-Two abilities printed on the same object such that one of them causes actions to be taken or objects to be affected and the other one directly refers to those actions or objects. See rule 607, â€œLinked Abilities.â€
+Two abilities printed on the same object such that one of them causes actions to be taken or objects to be affected and the other one directly refers to those actions or objects. See rule 607, “Linked Abilities.”
 Living Weapon
-A keyword ability that creates a creature token and then attaches the Equipment with the ability to that token. See rule 702.91, â€œLiving Weapon.â€
+A keyword ability that creates a creature token and then attaches the Equipment with the ability to that token. See rule 702.91, “Living Weapon.”
 Local Enchantment (Obsolete)
 An obsolete term for an Aura. Cards printed with this text have received errata in the Oracle card reference.
 Loop
-A set of actions that could be repeated indefinitely. See rule 719, â€œTaking Shortcuts.â€
+A set of actions that could be repeated indefinitely. See rule 720, “Taking Shortcuts.”
 Lose the Game
-There are several ways to lose the game. See rule 104, â€œEnding the Game,â€ rule 810.8 (for additional rules for Two-Headed Giant games), rule 809.5 (for additional rules for Emperor games), and rule 903.10 (for an additional rule for Commander games).
+There are several ways to lose the game. See rule 104, “Ending the Game,” rule 810.8 (for additional rules for Two-Headed Giant games), rule 809.5 (for additional rules for Emperor games), and rule 903.10 (for an additional rule for Commander games).
 Loyalty
-1. Part of a card that only planeswalkers have. A planeswalker cardâ€™s loyalty is printed in its lower right corner. See rule 209, â€œLoyalty.â€
+1. Part of a card that only planeswalkers have. A planeswalker card’s loyalty is printed in its lower right corner. See rule 209, “Loyalty.”
 2. A characteristic that only planeswalkers have. See rule 306.5.
 Loyalty Ability
-An activated ability with a loyalty symbol in its cost. See rule 606, â€œLoyalty Abilities.â€
+An activated ability with a loyalty symbol in its cost. See rule 606, “Loyalty Abilities.”
 Madness
-A keyword ability that lets a player cast a card he or she discards. See rule 702.34, â€œMadness.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player cast a card they discard. See rule 702.34, “Madness.”
 Main Game
-The game in which a spell (or ability) that created a subgame was cast (or activated). See rule 718, â€œSubgames.â€
+The game in which a spell (or ability) that created a subgame was cast (or activated). See rule 719, “Subgames.”
 Main Phase
-Part of the turn. The first, or precombat, main phase is the second phase of the turn. The second, or postcombat, main phase is the fourth phase of the turn. See rule 505, â€œMain Phase.â€
+Part of the turn. The first, or precombat, main phase is the second phase of the turn. The second, or postcombat, main phase is the fourth phase of the turn. See rule 505, “Main Phase.”
 Mana
-The primary resource in the game. It is spent to pay costs, usually when casting spells and activating abilities. See rule 106, â€œMana,â€ rule 107.4, and rule 202, â€œMana Cost and Color.â€
+The primary resource in the game. It is spent to pay costs, usually when casting spells and activating abilities. See rule 106, “Mana,” rule 107.4, and rule 202, “Mana Cost and Color.”
 Mana Ability
-An activated or triggered ability that could create mana and doesnâ€™t use the stack. See rule 605, â€œMana Abilities.â€
+An activated or triggered ability that could create mana and doesn’t use the stack. See rule 605, “Mana Abilities.”
 Mana Burn (Obsolete)
-Older versions of the rules stated that unspent mana caused a player to lose life; this was called â€œmana burn.â€ That rule no longer exists.
+Older versions of the rules stated that unspent mana caused a player to lose life; this was called “mana burn.” That rule no longer exists.
 Mana Cost
-A characteristic, and part of a card. A cardâ€™s mana cost is indicated by the mana symbols printed in its upper right corner. See rule 107.4 and rule 202, â€œMana Cost and Color.â€
+A characteristic, and part of a card. A card’s mana cost is indicated by the mana symbols printed in its upper right corner. See rule 107.4 and rule 202, “Mana Cost and Color.”
 Mana Pool
 Where mana created by an effect is temporarily stored. See rule 106.4.
 Mana Source (Obsolete)
-An obsolete card type. All cards printed with this card type are now instants. All abilities that, as printed, said a player could â€œplay as a mana sourceâ€ are now mana abilities. All relevant cards have been given errata in the Oracle card reference.
+An obsolete card type. All cards printed with this card type are now instants. All abilities that, as printed, said a player could “play as a mana source” are now mana abilities. All relevant cards have been given errata in the Oracle card reference.
 Mana Symbol
 An icon that represents mana or a mana cost. See rule 107.4.
 Manifest
-A keyword action that puts a card onto the battlefield face down as a 2/2 creature. See rule 701.32, â€œManifest,â€ and rule 707, â€œFace-Down Spells and Permanents.â€
+A keyword action that puts a card onto the battlefield face down as a 2/2 creature. See rule 701.33, “Manifest,” and rule 707, “Face-Down Spells and Permanents.”
 Match
 A multiplayer game or a two-player series of games (usually best-two-of-three) played in a tournament. See rule 100.6.
 Maximum Hand Size
-The number of cards in hand a player must discard down to during his or her cleanup step. See rule 402.2 and 514.1.
+The number of cards in hand a player must discard down to during their cleanup step. See rule 402.2 and 514.1.
 Megamorph
-A variant of the morph ability that puts a +1/+1 counter on the creature as it turns face up. See rule 702.36, â€œMorph.â€
+A variant of the morph ability that puts a +1/+1 counter on the creature as it turns face up. See rule 702.36, “Morph.”
 Meld
-To turn two members of a meld pair so their back faces are up and combined into one oversized Magic card. See rule 701.35, â€œMeld.â€
+To turn two members of a meld pair so their back faces are up and combined into one oversized Magic card. See rule 701.36, “Meld.”
 Meld Cards
-Cards with a Magic card face on one side and half of an oversized Magic card face on the other. See rule 712, â€œMeld Cards.â€
+Cards with a Magic card face on one side and half of an oversized Magic card face on the other. See rule 712, “Meld Cards.”
 Melee
-A keyword ability that improves an attacking creature based on the number of opponents you attacked. See rule 702.120, â€œMelee.â€
+A keyword ability that improves an attacking creature based on the number of opponents you attacked. See rule 702.120, “Melee.”
 Menace
-An evasion ability that makes creatures unblockable by a single creature. See rule 702.110, â€œMenace.â€
+An evasion ability that makes creatures unblockable by a single creature. See rule 702.110, “Menace.”
+Mentor
+A keyword ability that lets your bigger creatures power up your smaller creatures when they attack together. See rule 702.133, “Mentor.”
 Miracle
-A keyword ability that lets you cast a spell for a reduced cost if itâ€™s the first card you draw in a turn. See rule 702.93, â€œMiracle.â€
+A keyword ability that lets you cast a spell for a reduced cost if it’s the first card you draw in a turn. See rule 702.93, “Miracle.”
 Modal, Mode
-A spell or ability is â€œmodalâ€ if it has two or more options in a bulleted list preceded by instructions for a player to choose a number of those options, such as â€œChoose one â€”.â€ See rule 700.2.
+A spell or ability is “modal” if it has two or more options in a bulleted list preceded by instructions for a player to choose a number of those options, such as “Choose one —.” See rule 700.2.
 Modular
-A keyword ability that has a permanent enter the battlefield with +1/+1 counters on it and can move those counters to other artifact creatures. See rule 702.42, â€œModular.â€
+A keyword ability that has a permanent enter the battlefield with +1/+1 counters on it and can move those counters to other artifact creatures. See rule 702.42, “Modular.”
 Monarch
-A designation a player can have. Some effects instruct a player to become the monarch. The monarch draws a card at the beginning of his or her end step. Dealing combat damage to the monarch steals the title from that player. See rule 716, â€œThe Monarch.â€
+A designation a player can have. Some effects instruct a player to become the monarch. The monarch draws a card at the beginning of their end step. Dealing combat damage to the monarch steals the title from that player. See rule 717, “The Monarch.”
 Mono Artifact (Obsolete)
-An obsolete term that appeared on the type line of artifacts with activated abilities that caused the artifact to become tapped as a cost. Cards printed with this text have received errata in the Oracle card reference to simply say â€œArtifact,â€ and those abilities now include the tap symbol in their costs.
+An obsolete term that appeared on the type line of artifacts with activated abilities that caused the artifact to become tapped as a cost. Cards printed with this text have received errata in the Oracle card reference to simply say “Artifact,” and those abilities now include the tap symbol in their costs.
 Monocolored
-An object with exactly one color is monocolored. Colorless objects arenâ€™t monocolored. See rule 105, â€œColors,â€ and rule 202, â€œMana Cost and Color.â€
+An object with exactly one color is monocolored. Colorless objects aren’t monocolored. See rule 105, “Colors,” and rule 202, “Mana Cost and Color.”
 Monocolored Hybrid Mana Symbols
 See Hybrid Mana Symbols.
 Monstrosity
-A keyword action that puts +1/+1 counters on a creature and makes it become monstrous. See rule 701.29, â€œMonstrosity.â€
+A keyword action that puts +1/+1 counters on a creature and makes it become monstrous. See rule 701.30, “Monstrosity.”
 Monstrous
-A designation given to a creature whose ability including a monstrosity instruction has resolved. See rule 701.29, â€œMonstrosity.â€
+A designation given to a creature whose ability including a monstrosity instruction has resolved. See rule 701.30, “Monstrosity.”
 Morph
-A keyword ability that lets a card be cast face down as a 2/2 creature. See rule 702.36, â€œMorph,â€ and rule 707, â€œFace-Down Spells and Permanents.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a card be cast face down as a 2/2 creature. See rule 702.36, “Morph,” and rule 707, “Face-Down Spells and Permanents.”
 Mountain
-One of the five basic land types. Any land with this subtype has the ability â€œ{T}: Add {R} to your mana pool.â€ See rule 305.6.
+One of the five basic land types. Any land with this subtype has the ability “{T}: Add {R}.” See rule 305.6.
 Mountaincycling
 See Typecycling.
 Mountainwalk
 See Landwalk.
 Move
 To remove a counter from one object and put it on a different object. See rule 121.5.
-Some older cards used â€œmoveâ€ with respect to Auras; those cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference and now use the word â€œattach.â€
+Some older cards used “move” with respect to Auras; those cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference and now use the word “attach.”
 Mulligan
-To take a â€œmulliganâ€ is to reject a prospective opening hand and draw a new one (usually with one fewer card). See rule 103.4.
+To take a “mulligan” is to reject a prospective opening hand and draw a new one (usually with one fewer card). See rule 103.4.
 Multicolored
-An object with two or more colors is multicolored. Multicolored is not a color. See rule 105, â€œColors,â€ and rule 202, â€œMana Cost and Color.â€
+An object with two or more colors is multicolored. Multicolored is not a color. See rule 105, “Colors,” and rule 202, “Mana Cost and Color.”
 Multikicker
-Multikicker is a variant of the kicker keyword ability. It represents an optional additional cost that may be paid any number of times. See rule 702.32, â€œKicker.â€ See also Kicker.
+Multikicker is a variant of the kicker keyword ability. It represents an optional additional cost that may be paid any number of times. See rule 702.32, “Kicker.” See also Kicker.
 Multiplayer Game
-A game that begins with more than two players. See section 8, â€œMultiplayer Rules.â€
+A game that begins with more than two players. See section 8, “Multiplayer Rules.”
 Myriad
-Myriad is a triggered ability that effectively lets a creature attack in all possible directions. See rule 702.115, â€œMyriad.â€
+Myriad is a triggered ability that effectively lets a creature attack in all possible directions. See rule 702.115, “Myriad.”
 Name
-A characteristic, and part of a card. A cardâ€™s name is printed in its upper left corner. See rule 201, â€œName.â€
+A characteristic, and part of a card. A card’s name is printed in its upper left corner. See rule 201, “Name.”
 Ninjutsu
-A keyword ability that lets a creature suddenly enter combat. See rule 702.48, â€œNinjutsu.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a creature suddenly enter combat. See rule 702.48, “Ninjutsu.”
 Nonbasic Land
-Any land that doesnâ€™t have the supertype â€œbasic.â€ See rule 205.4, â€œSupertypes.â€
+Any land that doesn’t have the supertype “basic.” See rule 205.4, “Supertypes.”
 Nontraditional Magic Card
-An oversized Magic card that has a Magic card back but not a â€œDeckmasterâ€ back. See rule 108.2.
+An oversized Magic card that has a Magic card back but not a “Deckmaster” back. See rule 108.2.
 Object
-An ability on the stack, a card, a copy of a card, a token, a spell, or a permanent. See rule 109, â€œObjects.â€
+An ability on the stack, a card, a copy of a card, a token, a spell, or a permanent. See rule 109, “Objects.”
 Offering
-A keyword ability that modifies when you can cast a spell and how much mana you need to spend to do it. See rule 702.47, â€œOffering.â€
+A keyword ability that modifies when you can cast a spell and how much mana you need to spend to do it. See rule 702.47, “Offering.”
 One-Shot Effect
-An effect that does something just once and doesnâ€™t have a duration. See rule 610, â€œOne-Shot Effects.â€ See also Continuous Effects.
+An effect that does something just once and doesn’t have a duration. See rule 610, “One-Shot Effects.” See also Continuous Effects.
 Ongoing
-A supertype that appears only on scheme cards. See rule 205.4, â€œSupertypes.â€
+A supertype that appears only on scheme cards. See rule 205.4, “Supertypes.”
 Opening Hand
 The hand of cards a player starts the game with, once the player has decided not to take any further mulligans. See rule 103.4.
 Opponent
 Option
 An additional rule or set of rules that can be used in a multiplayer game. See rule 800.2.
 Oracle
-The reference that contains the up-to-date wordings (in English) for all tournament-legal cards. A cardâ€™s Oracle text can be found using the Gatherer card database at Gatherer.Wizards.com. See rule 108.1.
+The reference that contains the up-to-date wordings (in English) for all tournament-legal cards. A card’s Oracle text can be found using the Gatherer card database at Gatherer.Wizards.com. See rule 108.1.
 Outlast
-A keyword ability that allows a creature to grow larger over time. See rule 702.106, â€œOutlast.â€
+A keyword ability that allows a creature to grow larger over time. See rule 702.106, “Outlast.”
 Outside the Game
-An object is â€œoutside the gameâ€ if it isnâ€™t in any of the gameâ€™s zones. See rule 400.10.
+An object is “outside the game” if it isn’t in any of the game’s zones. See rule 400.10.
 Overload
-A keyword ability that allows a spell to affect either a single target or many objects. See rule 702.95, â€œOverload.â€
+A keyword ability that allows a spell to affect either a single target or many objects. See rule 702.95, “Overload.”
 Owner
 The player who (for purposes of the game) a card, token, or copy of a spell belongs to. See rules 108.3, 110.2, 110.5a, and 111.2.
 Paired
-A term that describes a creature thatâ€™s been affected by a soulbond ability. See rule 702.94, â€œSoulbond.â€
+A term that describes a creature that’s been affected by a soulbond ability. See rule 702.94, “Soulbond.”
-Partner
+Partner, “Partner with [name]”
-A keyword ability that lets two legendary creatures be your commander in the Commander variant rather than one. See rule 702.123, â€œPartner,â€ and rule 903, â€œCommander.â€
+A keyword ability that lets two legendary creatures or planeswalkers be your commander in the Commander variant rather than one. “Partner with [name]” is a specialized version of the ability that works even outside of the Commander variant to help two cards reach the battlefield together. See rule 702.123, “Partner,” and rule 903, “Commander.”
 Pass
-To decline to take any action (such as casting a spell or activating an ability) when you have priority. See rule 116, â€œTiming and Priority.â€
+To decline to take any action (such as casting a spell or activating an ability) when you have priority. See rule 116, “Timing and Priority.”
 Pass in Succession
-All players â€œpass in successionâ€ if each player in the game (starting with any one of them) opts not to take an action upon receiving priority. See rule 116, â€œTiming and Priority.â€
+All players “pass in succession” if each player in the game (starting with any one of them) opts not to take an action upon receiving priority. See rule 116, “Timing and Priority.”
 Pay
-To perform the actions required by a cost. This often means, but is not restricted to, spending resources such as mana or life. See rule 117, â€œCosts.â€
+To perform the actions required by a cost. This often means, but is not restricted to, spending resources such as mana or life. See rule 117, “Costs.”
 Permanent
-A card or token on the battlefield. See rule 110, â€œPermanents.â€
+A card or token on the battlefield. See rule 110, “Permanents.”
 Permanent Card
 A card that could be put onto the battlefield. See rule 110.4a.
 Permanent Spell
 Permanently (Obsolete)
 An obsolete term used to indicate that a continuous effect has no duration and thus lasts until the end of the game. Cards printed with this term have received errata in the Oracle card reference to delete it.
 Persist
-A keyword ability that can return a creature from the graveyard to the battlefield. See rule 702.78, â€œPersist.â€
+A keyword ability that can return a creature from the graveyard to the battlefield. See rule 702.78, “Persist.”
 Phase
-1. A subsection of a turn. See section 5, â€œTurn Structure.â€
+1. A subsection of a turn. See section 5, “Turn Structure.”
-2. A permanent â€œphases inâ€ when its status changes from phased out to phased in. A permanent â€œphases outâ€ when its status changes from phased in to phased out. See rule 702.25, â€œPhasing.â€
+2. A permanent “phases in” when its status changes from phased out to phased in. A permanent “phases out” when its status changes from phased in to phased out. See rule 702.25, “Phasing.”
 Phased In, Phased Out
-A status a permanent may have. Phased-in is the default status. Phased-out permanents are treated as though they do not exist. See rule 110.6 and rule 702.25, â€œPhasing.â€ (â€œPhased-outâ€ was a zone in older versions of the rules.)
+A status a permanent may have. Phased-in is the default status. Phased-out permanents are treated as though they do not exist. See rule 110.6 and rule 702.25, “Phasing.” (“Phased-out” was a zone in older versions of the rules.)
 Phasing
-A keyword ability that causes a permanent to sometimes be treated as though it does not exist. See rule 702.25, â€œPhasing.â€
+A keyword ability that causes a permanent to sometimes be treated as though it does not exist. See rule 702.25, “Phasing.”
 Phenomenon
-A card type seen only on nontraditional Magic cards in the Planechase casual variant. A phenomenon card is not a permanent. See rule 310, â€œPhenomena.â€
+A card type seen only on nontraditional Magic cards in the Planechase casual variant. A phenomenon card is not a permanent. See rule 310, “Phenomena.”
 Phyrexian Mana Symbol
 A mana symbol that represents a cost that can be paid either by spending colored mana or by paying life. See rule 107.4.
 Phyrexian Symbol
 Pile
 A temporary grouping of cards. See rule 700.3.
 Placed
-(Obsolete) Some spells and abilities previously referred to a counter being â€œplacedâ€ on a permanent. These cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference to use the term â€œputâ€ instead. Due to a rules change, these cards continue to function as they did before. See rule 121, â€œCounters.â€
+(Obsolete) Some spells and abilities previously referred to a counter being “placed” on a permanent. These cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference to use the term “put” instead. Due to a rules change, these cards continue to function as they did before. See rule 121, “Counters.”
 Plains
-One of the five basic land types. Any land with this subtype has the ability â€œ{T}: Add {W} to your mana pool.â€ See rule 305.6.
+One of the five basic land types. Any land with this subtype has the ability “{T}: Add {W}.” See rule 305.6.
 Plainscycling
 See Typecycling.
 Plainswalk
 Planar Die
 A specialized six-sided die needed to play the Planechase casual variant. See rule 901.3.
 Plane
-A card type seen only on nontraditional Magic cards in the Planechase casual variant. A plane card is not a permanent. See rule 309, â€œPlanes.â€
+A card type seen only on nontraditional Magic cards in the Planechase casual variant. A plane card is not a permanent. See rule 309, “Planes.”
 Planechase
-A casual variant in which plane cards and phenomenon cards add additional abilities and randomness to the game. See rule 901, â€œPlanechase.â€
+A casual variant in which plane cards and phenomenon cards add additional abilities and randomness to the game. See rule 901, “Planechase.”
 Planeswalk
-To put each face-up plane card or phenomenon card on the bottom of its ownerâ€™s planar deck face down, then move the top card of your planar deck off that planar deck and turn it face up in a Planechase game. See rule 701.22, â€œPlaneswalk.â€
+To put each face-up plane card or phenomenon card on the bottom of its owner’s planar deck face down, then move the top card of your planar deck off that planar deck and turn it face up in a Planechase game. See rule 701.23, “Planeswalk.”
 Planeswalker
-A card type. A planeswalker is a permanent. See rule 306, â€œPlaneswalkers.â€
+A card type. A planeswalker is a permanent. See rule 306, “Planeswalkers.”
 Planeswalker Symbol
 The Planeswalker symbol {PW} appears on the planar die in the Planechase casual variant. See rule 107.11.
 Planeswalker Type
-A subtype thatâ€™s correlated to the planeswalker card type. See rule 306, â€œPlaneswalkers.â€ See rule 205.3j for the list of planeswalker types.
+A subtype that’s correlated to the planeswalker card type. See rule 306, “Planeswalkers.” See rule 205.3j for the list of planeswalker types.
 Planeswalker Uniqueness Rule (Obsolete)
-Older versions of the rules stated that a player who controlled two or more planeswalkers with the same planeswalker type would put all but one of those planeswalkers into their ownersâ€™ graveyards. This rule was called the â€œplaneswalker uniqueness ruleâ€ and no longer exists.
+Older versions of the rules stated that a player who controlled two or more planeswalkers with the same planeswalker type would put all but one of those planeswalkers into their owners’ graveyards. This rule was called the “planeswalker uniqueness rule” and no longer exists.
 Play
-1. To play a land is to put a land onto the battlefield as a special action. See rule 115, â€œSpecial Actions,â€ and rule 305, â€œLands.â€
+1. To play a land is to put a land onto the battlefield as a special action. See rule 115, “Special Actions,” and rule 305, “Lands.”
-2. To play a card is to play that card as a land or cast that card as a spell, whichever is appropriate. See rule 601, â€œCasting Spells.â€
+2. To play a card is to play that card as a land or cast that card as a spell, whichever is appropriate. See rule 601, “Casting Spells.”
 3. (Obsolete) Casting a spell used to be known as playing a spell. Cards with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference. See Cast.
 4. (Obsolete) Activating an activated ability used to be known as playing an activated ability. Cards with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference. See Activate.
-5. (Obsolete) The battlefield used to be known as the in-play zone. Cards that were printed with text that contains the phrases â€œin play,â€ â€œfrom play,â€ â€œinto play,â€ or the like are referring to the battlefield and have received errata in the Oracle card reference. See Battlefield.
+5. (Obsolete) The battlefield used to be known as the in-play zone. Cards that were printed with text that contains the phrases “in play,” “from play,” “into play,” or the like are referring to the battlefield and have received errata in the Oracle card reference. See Battlefield.
 Player
-One of the people in the game. See rule 102, â€œPlayers.â€
+One of the people in the game. See rule 102, “Players.”
 Poison Counter
-A counter that may be given to a player. See rule 121, â€œCounters,â€ and rule 704.5c.
+A counter that may be given to a player. See rule 121, “Counters,” and rule 704.5c.
 Poisoned
-Having one or more poison counters. See rule 121, â€œCounters.â€
+Having one or more poison counters. See rule 121, “Counters.”
 Poisonous
-A keyword ability that causes a player to get poison counters. See rule 702.69, â€œPoisonous.â€
+A keyword ability that causes a player to get poison counters. See rule 702.69, “Poisonous.”
 Poly Artifact (Obsolete)
-An obsolete term that appeared on the type line of artifacts with activated abilities that didnâ€™t cause the artifact to be tapped as a cost. Cards printed with this text have received errata in the Oracle card reference to simply say â€œArtifact.â€
+An obsolete term that appeared on the type line of artifacts with activated abilities that didn’t cause the artifact to be tapped as a cost. Cards printed with this text have received errata in the Oracle card reference to simply say “Artifact.”
 Populate
-A keyword action that creates a copy of a creature token you control. See rule 701.28, â€œPopulate.â€
+A keyword action that creates a copy of a creature token you control. See rule 701.29, “Populate.”
 Postcombat Main Phase
 A main phase that occurs after a combat phase. See Main Phase.
 Power
-1. Part of a card that only creatures have. A creature cardâ€™s power is printed before the slash in its lower right corner. See rule 208, â€œPower/Toughness.â€
+1. Part of a card that only creatures have. A creature card’s power is printed before the slash in its lower right corner. See rule 208, “Power/Toughness.”
 2. A characteristic that only creatures have. See rule 302.4.
 Precombat Main Phase
 The first main phase of a turn. See Main Phase.
 Prevent
-A word used by prevention effects to indicate what damage will not be dealt. See rule 615, â€œPrevention Effects.â€
+A word used by prevention effects to indicate what damage will not be dealt. See rule 615, “Prevention Effects.”
 Prevention Effect
-A kind of continuous effect that watches for a damage event that would happen and completely or partially prevents the damage that would be dealt. See rule 615, â€œPrevention Effects.â€
+A kind of continuous effect that watches for a damage event that would happen and completely or partially prevents the damage that would be dealt. See rule 615, “Prevention Effects.”
 Priority
-Which player can take actions at any given time is determined by a system of â€œpriority.â€ See rule 116, â€œTiming and Priority.â€
+Which player can take actions at any given time is determined by a system of “priority.” See rule 116, “Timing and Priority.”
 Proliferate
-To give an additional counter to any number of players and/or permanents that already have a counter. See rule 701.25, â€œProliferate.â€
+To give an additional counter to any number of players and/or permanents that already have a counter. See rule 701.26, “Proliferate.”
 Protection
-A keyword ability that provides a range of benefits against objects with a specific quality. See rule 702.16, â€œProtection.â€
+A keyword ability that provides a range of benefits against objects with a specific quality. See rule 702.16, “Protection.”
 Provoke
-A keyword ability that can force a creature to block. See rule 702.38, â€œProvoke.â€
+A keyword ability that can force a creature to block. See rule 702.38, “Provoke.”
 Prowess
-A keyword ability that causes a creature to get +1/+1 whenever its controller casts a noncreature spell. See rule 702.107, â€œProwess.â€
+A keyword ability that causes a creature to get +1/+1 whenever its controller casts a noncreature spell. See rule 702.107, “Prowess.”
 Prowl
-A keyword ability that may allow a spell to be cast for an alternative cost. See rule 702.75, â€œProwl.â€
+A keyword ability that may allow a spell to be cast for an alternative cost. See rule 702.75, “Prowl.”
 Public Zone
-A zone in which all players can be expected to see the cardsâ€™ faces. See rule 400.2. See also Hidden Zone.
+A zone in which all players can be expected to see the cards’ faces. See rule 400.2. See also Hidden Zone.
 Rampage
-A keyword ability that can make a creature better in combat. See rule 702.22, â€œRampage.â€
+A keyword ability that can make a creature better in combat. See rule 702.22, “Rampage.”
 Range of Influence
 See Limited Range of Influence.
 Reach
-A keyword ability that allows a creature to block an attacking creature with flying. See rule 702.17, â€œReach.â€ See also Flying.
+A keyword ability that allows a creature to block an attacking creature with flying. See rule 702.17, “Reach.” See also Flying.
 Rebound
-A keyword ability that allows an instant or sorcery spell to be cast a second time. See rule 702.87, â€œRebound.â€
+A keyword ability that allows an instant or sorcery spell to be cast a second time. See rule 702.87, “Rebound.”
 Recover
-A keyword ability that lets a player return a card from his or her graveyard to his or her hand. See rule 702.58, â€œRecover.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player return a card from their graveyard to their hand. See rule 702.58, “Recover.”
 Redirect (Obsolete)
-Some older cards were printed with the term â€œredirectâ€ to indicate a redirection effect. Such cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference so they explicitly state that damage that would be dealt to one object or player is dealt â€œinsteadâ€ to another. See Redirection Effect.
+Some older cards were printed with the term “redirect” to indicate a redirection effect. Such cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference so they explicitly state that damage that would be dealt to one object or player is dealt “instead” to another. See Redirection Effect.
 Redirection Effect
 A kind of replacement effect that causes damage that would be dealt to one creature, planeswalker, or player to be dealt instead to another creature, planeswalker, or player. See rule 614.9.
 Reflexive Triggered Ability
-An ability that triggers based on actions taken earlier during a spell or abilityâ€™s resolution. See rule 603.12.
+An ability that triggers based on actions taken earlier during a spell or ability’s resolution. See rule 603.12.
 Regenerate
-To replace a permanentâ€™s destruction with an alternate sequence of events. See rule 701.13, â€œRegenerate.â€
+To replace a permanent’s destruction with an alternate sequence of events. See rule 701.14, “Regenerate.”
 Reinforce
-A keyword ability that lets a player put +1/+1 counters on a creature. See rule 702.76, â€œReinforce.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player put +1/+1 counters on a creature. See rule 702.76, “Reinforce.”
 Reminder Text
 Parenthetical text in italics in the text box of a card that summarizes a rule that applies to that card, but is not actually rules text and has no effect on play. See rule 207.2.
 Removed from Combat
-Certain events can cause an attacking or blocking creature, or a planeswalker thatâ€™s being attacked, to be â€œremoved from combat.â€ A permanent thatâ€™s removed from combat has no further involvement in that combat phase. See rule 506.4.
+Certain events can cause an attacking or blocking creature, or a planeswalker that’s being attacked, to be “removed from combat.” A permanent that’s removed from combat has no further involvement in that combat phase. See rule 506.4.
 Remove from the Game, Removed, Removed-from-the-Game Zone (Obsolete)
-â€œRemove [something] from the gameâ€ is an obsolete term for â€œexile [something].â€ â€œThe removed cardâ€ is an obsolete term for â€œthe exiled card.â€ The removed-from-the-game zone is an obsolete term for the exile zone. Cards with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference. See Exile.
+“Remove [something] from the game” is an obsolete term for “exile [something].” “The removed card” is an obsolete term for “the exiled card.” The removed-from-the-game zone is an obsolete term for the exile zone. Cards with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference. See Exile.
 Renown
-A keyword ability that makes a creature stronger after it deals combat damage to a player. See rule 702.111, â€œRenown.â€
+A keyword ability that makes a creature stronger after it deals combat damage to a player. See rule 702.111, “Renown.”
 Renowned
-A designation given to a permanent as a result of the renown ability. See rule 702.111, â€œRenown.â€
+A designation given to a permanent as a result of the renown ability. See rule 702.111, “Renown.”
 Replacement Effect
-A kind of continuous effect that watches for a particular event that would happen and completely or partially replaces that event with a different event. See rule 614, â€œReplacement Effects.â€
+A kind of continuous effect that watches for a particular event that would happen and completely or partially replaces that event with a different event. See rule 614, “Replacement Effects.”
 Replicate
-A keyword ability that creates copies of a spell. See rule 702.55, â€œReplicate.â€
+A keyword ability that creates copies of a spell. See rule 702.55, “Replicate.”
 Requirement
 An effect that forces one or more creatures to attack or block. See rules 508.1d and 509.1c.
 Resolve
-When the spell or ability on top of the stack â€œresolves,â€ its instructions are followed and it has its effect. See rule 608, â€œResolving Spells and Abilities.â€
+When the spell or ability on top of the stack “resolves,” its instructions are followed and it has its effect. See rule 608, “Resolving Spells and Abilities.”
 Restart the Game
-To immediately end the current game and restart it. See rule 104, â€œEnding the Game.â€
+To immediately end the current game and restart it. See rule 104, “Ending the Game.”
 Respond
 To cast an instant spell or activate an ability while another spell or ability is already on the stack. See rule 116.7.
 Restriction
 An effect that precludes one or more creatures from attacking or blocking. See rules 508.1c and 509.1b.
 Retrace
-A keyword ability that lets a player cast a card from his or her graveyard. See rule 702.80, â€œRetrace.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player cast a card from their graveyard. See rule 702.80, “Retrace.”
 Reveal
-To show a card to all players for a brief time. See rule 701.14, â€œReveal.â€
+To show a card to all players for a brief time. See rule 701.15, “Reveal.”
 Ripple
-A keyword ability that may let a player cast extra cards from his or her library for no cost. See rule 702.59, â€œRipple.â€
+A keyword ability that may let a player cast extra cards from their library for no cost. See rule 702.59, “Ripple.”
 Rules Text
-A characteristic that defines a cardâ€™s abilities. See rule 207.1.
+A characteristic that defines a card’s abilities. See rule 207.1.
 Sacrifice
-To move a permanent you control to its ownerâ€™s graveyard. See rule 701.15, â€œSacrifice.â€
+To move a permanent you control to its owner’s graveyard. See rule 701.16, “Sacrifice.”
+Saga
+An enchantment subtype. Sagas have a number of chapter abilities that take effect over a number of turns to tell a story. See rule 714, “Saga Cards.”
 Scavenge
-A keyword ability that allows you to exile a creature card from your graveyard to put +1/+1 counters on a creature. See rule 702.96, â€œScavenge.â€
+A keyword ability that allows you to exile a creature card from your graveyard to put +1/+1 counters on a creature. See rule 702.96, “Scavenge.”
 Scheme
-A card type seen only on nontraditional Magic cards in the Archenemy casual variant. A scheme card is not a permanent. See rule 312, â€œSchemes.â€
+A card type seen only on nontraditional Magic cards in the Archenemy casual variant. A scheme card is not a permanent. See rule 312, “Schemes.”
 Scry
-To manipulate some of the cards on top of your library. See rule 701.16, â€œScry.â€
+To manipulate some of the cards on top of your library. See rule 701.17, “Scry.”
 Search
-To look at all cards in a stated zone and possibly find a card that matches a given description. See rule 701.17, â€œSearch.â€
+To look at all cards in a stated zone and possibly find a card that matches a given description. See rule 701.18, “Search.”
 Set Aside (Obsolete)
-â€œSet [something] asideâ€ is an obsolete term for â€œexile [something].â€ Cards with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference. See Exile.
+“Set [something] aside” is an obsolete term for “exile [something].” Cards with that text have received errata in the Oracle card reference. See Exile.
 Set in Motion
-To move a scheme card off the top of your scheme deck and turn it face up. See rule 701.23, â€œSet in Motion.â€
+To move a scheme card off the top of your scheme deck and turn it face up. See rule 701.24, “Set in Motion.”
 Shadow
-A keyword ability that restricts how a creature may be blocked and which creatures it can block. See rule 702.27, â€œShadow.â€
+A keyword ability that restricts how a creature may be blocked and which creatures it can block. See rule 702.27, “Shadow.”
 Shared Life Total
-In the Two-Headed Giant multiplayer variant, each team has a â€œshared life totalâ€ rather than each player having an individual life total. See rule 810, â€œTwo-Headed Giant Variant.â€
+In the Two-Headed Giant multiplayer variant, each team has a “shared life total” rather than each player having an individual life total. See rule 810, “Two-Headed Giant Variant.”
 Shared Team Turns Option
-An option that may be used in certain multiplayer variants, such as Two-Headed Giant and Archenemy. See rule 805, â€œShared Team Turns Option.â€
+An option that may be used in certain multiplayer variants, such as Two-Headed Giant and Archenemy. See rule 805, “Shared Team Turns Option.”
 Shortcut
-A mutually understood way for the game to advance forward a number of game choices (either taking an action or passing priority) without players needing to explicitly identify each such choice. See rule 719, â€œTaking Shortcuts.â€
+A mutually understood way for the game to advance forward a number of game choices (either taking an action or passing priority) without players needing to explicitly identify each such choice. See rule 720, “Taking Shortcuts.”
 Shroud
-A keyword ability that precludes a permanent or player from being targeted. See rule 702.18, â€œShroud.â€
+A keyword ability that precludes a permanent or player from being targeted. See rule 702.18, “Shroud.”
 Shuffle
 To randomize the cards in a deck (before a game) or library (during a game). See rule 103.1.
 Sideboard
 Extra cards that may be used to modify a deck between games of a match. See rules 100.4.
+Silver-Bordered
+Cards in certain sets and certain promotional cards are printed with a silver border. Silver-bordered cards are intended for casual play and may have features and text that aren’t covered by these rules.
 Skip
-Effects that use the word â€œskipâ€ are replacement effects. The word â€œskipâ€ indicates what events, steps, phases, or turns will be replaced with nothing. See rule 614, â€œReplacement Effects.â€
+Effects that use the word “skip” are replacement effects. The word “skip” indicates what events, steps, phases, or turns will be replaced with nothing. See rule 614, “Replacement Effects.”
 Skulk
-A keyword ability that restricts how a creature may be blocked. See rule 702.117, â€œSkulk.â€
+A keyword ability that restricts how a creature may be blocked. See rule 702.117, “Skulk.”
 Slivercycling
 See Typecycling.
 Snow
-A supertype thatâ€™s normally relevant on permanents. See rule 205.4, â€œSupertypes.â€
+A supertype that’s normally relevant on permanents. See rule 205.4, “Supertypes.”
 Snow Mana Symbol
 The snow mana symbol {S} represents a cost that can be paid with one mana produced by a snow permanent. See rule 107.4h.
 Snow-Covered (Obsolete)
-Some older cards were printed with the term â€œsnow-coveredâ€ in their rules text. Except when referencing card names, such cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference to reference the supertype â€œsnowâ€ instead. See Snow.
+Some older cards were printed with the term “snow-covered” in their rules text. Except when referencing card names, such cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference to reference the supertype “snow” instead. See Snow.
 Sorcery
-A card type. A sorcery is not a permanent. See rule 307, â€œSorceries.â€
+A card type. A sorcery is not a permanent. See rule 307, “Sorceries.”
 Soulbond
-A keyword ability that makes creatures better by pairing them together. See rule 702.94, â€œSoulbond.â€
+A keyword ability that makes creatures better by pairing them together. See rule 702.94, “Soulbond.”
 Soulshift
-A keyword ability that lets a player return a card from his or her graveyard to his or her hand. See rule 702.45, â€œSoulshift.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player return a card from their graveyard to their hand. See rule 702.45, “Soulshift.”
 Source of an Ability
 The object that generated that ability. See rule 112.7.
 Source of Damage
 The object that dealt that damage. See rule 609.7.
 Special Action
-An action a player may take that doesnâ€™t use the stack. See rule 115, â€œSpecial Actions.â€
+An action a player may take that doesn’t use the stack. See rule 115, “Special Actions.”
 Spell
-A card on the stack. Also a copy (of either a card or another spell) on the stack. See rule 111, â€œSpells.â€
+A card on the stack. Also a copy (of either a card or another spell) on the stack. See rule 111, “Spells.”
 Spell Ability
 A kind of ability. Spell abilities are abilities that are followed as instructions while an instant or sorcery spell is resolving. See rule 112.3a.
 Spell Type
-A subtype thatâ€™s correlated to the instant card type and the sorcery card type. See rule 304, â€œInstants,â€ and rule 307, â€œSorceries.â€ See rule 205.3k for the list of spell types.
+A subtype that’s correlated to the instant card type and the sorcery card type. See rule 304, “Instants,” and rule 307, “Sorceries.” See rule 205.3k for the list of spell types.
 Splice
-A keyword ability that lets a player copy a cardâ€™s text box onto another spell. See rule 702.46, â€œSplice.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player copy a card’s text box onto another spell. See rule 702.46, “Splice.”
 Split Cards
-Cards with two card faces on a single card. See rule 708, â€œSplit Cards.â€
+Cards with two card faces on a single card. See rule 708, “Split Cards.”
 Split Second
-A keyword ability that makes it nearly impossible for a player to respond to a spell. See rule 702.60, â€œSplit Second.â€
+A keyword ability that makes it nearly impossible for a player to respond to a spell. See rule 702.60, “Split Second.”
 Stack
-A zone. The stack is the zone in which spells, activated abilities, and triggered abilities wait to resolve. See rule 405, â€œStack.â€
+A zone. The stack is the zone in which spells, activated abilities, and triggered abilities wait to resolve. See rule 405, “Stack.”
 Starting Hand Size
-The number of cards a player draws as a game begins. In most games, each playerâ€™s starting hand size is seven. See rule 103.4.
+The number of cards a player draws as a game begins. In most games, each player’s starting hand size is seven. See rule 103.4.
 Starting Life Total
-The amount of life a player has as a game begins. In most games, each playerâ€™s starting life total is 20. See rule 103.3.
+The amount of life a player has as a game begins. In most games, each player’s starting life total is 20. See rule 103.3.
 Starting Player
 The player chosen to take the first turn of a game. See rule 103.2.
 Starting Team
 The team chosen to take the first turn of a game using the shared team turns option. See rule 103.2.
 State-Based Actions
-Game actions that happen automatically whenever certain conditions are met. See rule 704, â€œState-Based Actions.â€
+Game actions that happen automatically whenever certain conditions are met. See rule 704, “State-Based Actions.”
 State Trigger
 A triggered ability that triggers when a game state is true rather than triggering when an event occurs. See rule 603.8.
 Static Ability
-A kind of ability. Static abilities do something all the time rather than being activated or triggered. See rule 112, â€œAbilities,â€ and rule 604, â€œHandling Static Abilities.â€
+A kind of ability. Static abilities do something all the time rather than being activated or triggered. See rule 112, “Abilities,” and rule 604, “Handling Static Abilities.”
 Status
 The physical state of a permanent. See rule 110.6.
 Step
-A subsection of a phase. See section 5, â€œTurn Structure.â€
+A subsection of a phase. See section 5, “Turn Structure.”
 Storm
-A keyword ability that creates copies of a spell. See rule 702.39, â€œStorm.â€
+A keyword ability that creates copies of a spell. See rule 702.39, “Storm.”
 Subgame
-A completely separate Magic game created by an effect. See rule 718, â€œSubgames.â€
+A completely separate Magic game created by an effect. See rule 719, “Subgames.”
 Subtype
-A characteristic that appears after the card type and a long dash on a cardâ€™s type line. See rule 205.3, â€œSubtypes.â€
+A characteristic that appears after the card type and a long dash on a card’s type line. See rule 205.3, “Subtypes.”
 Successfully Cast (Obsolete)
-A term that was printed on some older cards. In general, cards that referred to a spell being â€œsuccessfully castâ€ have received errata in the Oracle card reference to simply refer to a spell being â€œcast.â€
+A term that was printed on some older cards. In general, cards that referred to a spell being “successfully cast” have received errata in the Oracle card reference to simply refer to a spell being “cast.”
 Summon (Obsolete)
-Older creature cards were printed with â€œSummon [creature type]â€ on their type lines. All such cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference to say â€œCreature â€” [creature type].â€ (Many of these cardsâ€™ creature types have also been updated.) See Creature.
+Older creature cards were printed with “Summon [creature type]” on their type lines. All such cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference to say “Creature — [creature type].” (Many of these cards’ creature types have also been updated.) See Creature.
 Summoning Sickness Rule
-Informal term for a playerâ€™s inability to attack with a creature or to activate its abilities that include the tap symbol or the untap symbol unless the creature has been under that playerâ€™s control since the beginning of that playerâ€™s most recent turn. See rule 302.6. See also Haste.
+Informal term for a player’s inability to attack with a creature or to activate its abilities that include the tap symbol or the untap symbol unless the creature has been under that player’s control since the beginning of that player’s most recent turn. See rule 302.6. See also Haste.
 Sunburst
-A keyword ability that can have a permanent enter the battlefield with +1/+1 counters or charge counters on it. See rule 702.43, â€œSunburst.â€
+A keyword ability that can have a permanent enter the battlefield with +1/+1 counters or charge counters on it. See rule 702.43, “Sunburst.”
 Supertype
-A characteristic that appears before the card type on a cardâ€™s type line. Most cards donâ€™t have a supertype. See rule 205.4, â€œSupertypes.â€
+A characteristic that appears before the card type on a card’s type line. Most cards don’t have a supertype. See rule 205.4, “Supertypes.”
 Supervillain Rumble
-A Free-for-All game in which each player is an archenemy. See rule 806, â€œFree-for-All,â€ and rule 904, â€œArchenemy.â€
+A Free-for-All game in which each player is an archenemy. See rule 806, “Free-for-All,” and rule 904, “Archenemy.”
 Support
-A keyword action that lets you put +1/+1 counters on creatures. See rule 701.33, â€œSupport.â€
+A keyword action that lets you put +1/+1 counters on creatures. See rule 701.34, “Support.”
 Surge
-A keyword ability that provides an alternative cost to cast a card if you or one of your teammates has cast another spell in the same turn. See rule 702.116, â€œSurge.â€
+A keyword ability that provides an alternative cost to cast a card if you or one of your teammates has cast another spell in the same turn. See rule 702.116, “Surge.”
+Surveil
+To manipulate some of the cards on top of your library, sending some of them to your graveyard and rearranging the rest. See rule 701.41, “Surveil.”
 Suspend
-A keyword ability that provides an alternative way to play a card. See rule 702.61, â€œSuspend.â€ A card is â€œsuspendedâ€ if itâ€™s in the exile zone, has suspend, and has a time counter on it.
+A keyword ability that provides an alternative way to play a card. See rule 702.61, “Suspend.” A card is “suspended” if it’s in the exile zone, has suspend, and has a time counter on it.
 Swamp
-One of the five basic land types. Any land with this subtype has the ability â€œ{T}: Add {B} to your mana pool.â€ See rule 305.6.
+One of the five basic land types. Any land with this subtype has the ability “{T}: Add {B}.” See rule 305.6.
 Swampcycling
 See Typecycling.
 Swampwalk
 See Landwalk.
 Tap
-To turn a permanent sideways from an upright position. See rule 701.19, â€œTap and Untap.â€
+To turn a permanent sideways from an upright position. See rule 701.20, “Tap and Untap.”
 Tapped
-A status a permanent may have. See rule 110.6 and rule 701.19, â€œTap and Untap.â€ See also Untapped.
+A status a permanent may have. See rule 110.6 and rule 701.20, “Tap and Untap.” See also Untapped.
 Tap Symbol
-The tap symbol {T} in an activation cost means â€œTap this permanent.â€ See rule 107.5.
+The tap symbol {T} in an activation cost means “Tap this permanent.” See rule 107.5.
 Target
-A preselected object, player, and/or zone a spell or ability will affect. See rule 114, â€œTargets.â€
+A preselected object or player a spell or ability will affect. See rule 114, “Targets.”
 Team
-A group of players who share a common victory condition in a multiplayer game. See rule 808, â€œTeam vs. Team Variant,â€ rule 809, â€œEmperor Variant,â€ rule 810, â€œTwo-Headed Giant Variant,â€ and rule 811, â€œAlternating Teams Variant.â€
+A group of players who share a common victory condition in a multiplayer game. See rule 808, “Team vs. Team Variant,” rule 809, “Emperor Variant,” rule 810, “Two-Headed Giant Variant,” and rule 811, “Alternating Teams Variant.”
 Teammate
-In a multiplayer game between teams, a playerâ€™s teammates are the other players on his or her team. See rule 102.3.
+In a multiplayer game between teams, a player’s teammates are the other players on their team. See rule 102.3.
 Team vs. Team Variant
-A multiplayer variant played among two or more teams, each of which sits together. See rule 808, â€œTeam vs. Team Variant.â€
+A multiplayer variant played among two or more teams, each of which sits together. See rule 808, “Team vs. Team Variant.”
 Text Box
-Part of a card. The text box is printed on the lower half of the card and contains the cardâ€™s rules text, reminder text, and flavor text. See rule 207, â€œText Box.â€
+Part of a card. The text box is printed on the lower half of the card and contains the card’s rules text, reminder text, and flavor text. See rule 207, “Text Box.”
 Text-Changing Effect
-A continuous effect that changes the text that appears in an objectâ€™s text box and/or type line. See rule 612, â€œText-Changing Effects.â€
+A continuous effect that changes the text that appears in an object’s text box and/or type line. See rule 612, “Text-Changing Effects.”
 Threshold
-â€œThresholdâ€ used to be a keyword ability. It is now an ability word and has no rules meaning. All cards printed with the threshold keyword have received errata in the Oracle card reference.
+“Threshold” used to be a keyword ability. It is now an ability word and has no rules meaning. All cards printed with the threshold keyword have received errata in the Oracle card reference.
 Timestamp Order
 A system used to determine in which order continuous effects in the same layer or sublayer are applied. See rule 613.6. See also Dependency.
 Token
-A marker used to represent any permanent that isnâ€™t represented by a card. See rule 110.5.
+A marker used to represent any permanent that isn’t represented by a card. See rule 110.5.
 Tombstone Icon
 An icon that appears in the upper left of some Odyssey block cards that has no effect on game play. See rule 107.9.
 Total Casting Cost (Obsolete)
 Total Cost
 What a player actually has to pay, in practical terms, to cast a spell or activated ability: the mana cost, activation cost, or alternative cost, plus all cost increases (including additional costs) and minus all cost reductions. See rule 601.2f.
 Totem Armor
-A keyword ability that allows an Aura to protect the permanent itâ€™s enchanting. See rule 702.88, â€œTotem Armor.â€
+A keyword ability that allows an Aura to protect the permanent it’s enchanting. See rule 702.88, “Totem Armor.”
 Toughness
-1. Part of a card that only creatures have. A creature cardâ€™s toughness is printed after the slash in its lower right corner. See rule 208, â€œPower/Toughness.â€
+1. Part of a card that only creatures have. A creature card’s toughness is printed after the slash in its lower right corner. See rule 208, “Power/Toughness.”
 2. A characteristic that only creatures have. See rule 302.4.
 Tournament
 An organized play activity where players compete against other players. See rule 100.6.
 Traditional Magic Card
 A Magic card that measures approximately 2.5 inches (6.3 centimeters) by 3.5 inches (8.8 centimeters). See rule 108.2.
 Trample
-A keyword ability that modifies how a creature assigns combat damage. See rule 702.19, â€œTrample.â€
+A keyword ability that modifies how a creature assigns combat damage. See rule 702.19, “Trample.”
 Transfigure
-A keyword ability that lets a player search his or her library for a replacement creature card. See rule 702.70, â€œTransfigure.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player search their library for a replacement creature card. See rule 702.70, “Transfigure.”
 Transform
-To turn a double-faced card so its other face is up. See rule 701.26, â€œTransform.â€
+To turn a double-faced card so its other face is up. See rule 701.27, “Transform.”
 Transmute
-A keyword ability that lets a player search his or her library for a replacement card. See rule 702.52, â€œTransmute.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player search their library for a replacement card. See rule 702.52, “Transmute.”
 Tribal
-A card type. Whether or not a tribal is a permanent depends on its other card type. See rule 308, â€œTribals.â€
+A card type. Whether or not a tribal is a permanent depends on its other card type. See rule 308, “Tribals.”
 Tribute
-A keyword ability that allows an opponent to choose between a creature entering the battlefield with +1/+1 counters or an additional ability. See rule 702.103, â€œTribute.â€
+A keyword ability that allows an opponent to choose between a creature entering the battlefield with +1/+1 counters or an additional ability. See rule 702.103, “Tribute.”
 Trigger
-Whenever a game event or game state matches a triggered abilityâ€™s trigger event, that ability automatically â€œtriggers.â€ That means its controller puts it on the stack the next time a player would receive priority. See rule 603, â€œHandling Triggered Abilities.â€
+Whenever a game event or game state matches a triggered ability’s trigger event, that ability automatically “triggers.” That means its controller puts it on the stack the next time a player would receive priority. See rule 603, “Handling Triggered Abilities.”
 Trigger Condition
-The first part of a triggered ability, consisting of â€œwhen,â€ â€œwhenever,â€ or â€œatâ€ followed by a trigger event. See rule 603, â€œHandling Triggered Abilities.â€
+The first part of a triggered ability, consisting of “when,” “whenever,” or “at” followed by a trigger event. See rule 603, “Handling Triggered Abilities.”
 Triggered Ability
-A kind of ability. Triggered abilities begin with the word â€œwhen,â€ â€œwhenever,â€ or â€œat.â€ Theyâ€™re written as â€œ[Trigger condition], [effect].â€ See rule 112, â€œAbilities,â€ and rule 603, â€œHandling Triggered Abilities.â€
+A kind of ability. Triggered abilities begin with the word “when,” “whenever,” or “at.” They’re written as “[Trigger condition], [effect].” See rule 112, “Abilities,” and rule 603, “Handling Triggered Abilities.”
 Trigger Event
-The event that a triggered ability looks for. Whenever the trigger event occurs, the triggered ability triggers. See rule 603, â€œHandling Triggered Abilities.â€
+The event that a triggered ability looks for. Whenever the trigger event occurs, the triggered ability triggers. See rule 603, “Handling Triggered Abilities.”
 Turn-Based Actions
-Game actions that happen automatically when certain steps or phases begin, or when each step or phase ends. See rule 703, â€œTurn-Based Actions.â€
+Game actions that happen automatically when certain steps or phases begin, or when each step or phase ends. See rule 703, “Turn-Based Actions.”
 Turn Markers
 Markers used to keep track of which players are taking turns in a Grand Melee game. See rule 807.4.
 Two-Headed Giant Variant
-A multiplayer variant played among two-player teams that each have a shared life total and take a simultaneous turn. See rule 810, â€œTwo-Headed Giant Variant.â€
+A multiplayer variant played among two-player teams that each have a shared life total and take a simultaneous turn. See rule 810, “Two-Headed Giant Variant.”
 Type
-1. An objectâ€™s card type or, more broadly, its card type, subtype, and/or supertype. See rule 205, â€œType Line,â€ and section 3, â€œCard Types.â€
+1. An object’s card type or, more broadly, its card type, subtype, and/or supertype. See rule 205, “Type Line,” and section 3, “Card Types.”
-2. An attribute mana has. See rule 106, â€œMana.â€
+2. An attribute mana has. See rule 106, “Mana.”
 Type Icon
 An icon that appears in the upper left of some Future Sight cards that has no effect on game play. See rule 107.10.
 Type Line
-Part of a card. The type line is printed directly below the illustration and contains the cardâ€™s card type(s), subtype(s), and/or supertype(s). See rule 205, â€œType Line.â€
+Part of a card. The type line is printed directly below the illustration and contains the card’s card type(s), subtype(s), and/or supertype(s). See rule 205, “Type Line.”
 Type-Changing Effect
-An effect that changes an objectâ€™s card type, subtype, and/or supertype. See rules 205.1aâ€“b, 305.7, and 613.1d.
+An effect that changes an object’s card type, subtype, and/or supertype. See rules 205.1a–b, 305.7, and 613.1d.
 Typecycling
-A variant of the cycling ability. See rule 702.28, â€œCycling.â€
+A variant of the cycling ability. See rule 702.28, “Cycling.”
 Unattach
-To move an Equipment away from the creature itâ€™s attached to so that the Equipment is on the battlefield but is not equipping anything. See rule 701.3d.
+To move an Equipment away from the creature it’s attached to so that the Equipment is on the battlefield but is not equipping anything. See rule 701.3d.
 Unblockable (Obsolete)
-A term that meant â€œcanâ€™t be blocked.â€ Cards that used this term have received errata in the Oracle card reference.
+A term that meant “can’t be blocked.” Cards that used this term have received errata in the Oracle card reference.
 Unblocked Creature
-An attacking creature once no creature has been declared as a blocker for it, unless an effect has caused it to become blocked. It remains an unblocked creature until itâ€™s removed from combat or the combat phase ends, whichever comes first. See rule 509, â€œDeclare Blockers Step.â€
+An attacking creature once no creature has been declared as a blocker for it, unless an effect has caused it to become blocked. It remains an unblocked creature until it’s removed from combat or the combat phase ends, whichever comes first. See rule 509, “Declare Blockers Step.”
 Undaunted
-A keyword ability that reduces the cost of a spell based on the number of opponents you have. See rule 702.124, â€œUndaunted.â€
+A keyword ability that reduces the cost of a spell based on the number of opponents you have. See rule 702.124, “Undaunted.”
 Undying
-A keyword ability that can return a creature from the graveyard to the battlefield. See rule 702.92, â€œUndying.â€
+A keyword ability that can return a creature from the graveyard to the battlefield. See rule 702.92, “Undying.”
 Unearth
-A keyword ability that lets a player return a creature card from his or her graveyard to the battlefield. See rule 702.83, â€œUnearth.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a player return a creature card from their graveyard to the battlefield. See rule 702.83, “Unearth.”
 Unflipped
-A default status a permanent may have. See rule 110.6 and rule 709, â€œFlip Cards.â€ See also Flipped.
+A default status a permanent may have. See rule 110.6 and rule 709, “Flip Cards.” See also Flipped.
 Unleash
-A keyword ability that allows a creature to enter the battlefield with a +1/+1 counter on it and stops it from blocking if it has a +1/+1 counter on it. See rule 702.97, â€œUnleash.â€
+A keyword ability that allows a creature to enter the battlefield with a +1/+1 counter on it and stops it from blocking if it has a +1/+1 counter on it. See rule 702.97, “Unleash.”
 Unless
 A word used to indicate a certain style of cost. See rule 117.12a.
 Untap
-To rotate a permanent back to the upright position from a sideways position. See rule 701.19, â€œTap and Untap.â€
+To rotate a permanent back to the upright position from a sideways position. See rule 701.20, “Tap and Untap.”
 Untap Step
-Part of the turn. This step is the first step of the beginning phase. See rule 502, â€œUntap Step.â€
+Part of the turn. This step is the first step of the beginning phase. See rule 502, “Untap Step.”
 Untap Symbol
-The untap symbol {Q} in an activation cost means â€œUntap this permanent.â€ See rule 107.6.
+The untap symbol {Q} in an activation cost means “Untap this permanent.” See rule 107.6.
 Untapped
-A default status a permanent may have. See rule 110.6 and rule 701.19, â€œTap and Untap.â€ See also Tapped.
+A default status a permanent may have. See rule 110.6 and rule 701.20, “Tap and Untap.” See also Tapped.
 Upkeep Step
-Part of the turn. This step is the second step of the beginning phase. See rule 503, â€œUpkeep Step.â€
+Part of the turn. This step is the second step of the beginning phase. See rule 503, “Upkeep Step.”
 Vanguard
-1. A casual variant in which each player plays the role of a famous character. See rule 902, â€œVanguard.â€
+1. A casual variant in which each player plays the role of a famous character. See rule 902, “Vanguard.”
-2. A card type seen only on nontraditional Magic cards in the Vanguard casual variant. A vanguard card is not a permanent. See rule 311, â€œVanguards.â€
+2. A card type seen only on nontraditional Magic cards in the Vanguard casual variant. A vanguard card is not a permanent. See rule 311, “Vanguards.”
 Vanishing
-A keyword ability that limits how long a permanent remains on the battlefield. See rule 702.62, â€œVanishing.â€
+A keyword ability that limits how long a permanent remains on the battlefield. See rule 702.62, “Vanishing.”
 Variant
 An additional set of rules that determines the style of a multiplayer game. See rule 800.2.
 Vehicle
-An artifact subtype. Vehicles can become artifact creatures. See rule 301, â€œArtifacts,â€ and rule 702.121, â€œCrew.â€
+An artifact subtype. Vehicles can become artifact creatures. See rule 301, “Artifacts,” and rule 702.121, “Crew.”
 Vigilance
-A keyword ability that lets a creature attack without tapping. See rule 702.20, â€œVigilance.â€
+A keyword ability that lets a creature attack without tapping. See rule 702.20, “Vigilance.”
 Vote
-Some cards instruct players to vote from among given options. See rule 701.30, â€œVote.â€
+Some cards instruct players to vote from among given options. See rule 701.31, “Vote.”
 Wall
 A creature type with no particular rules meaning. Older cards with the Wall creature type but without defender had an unwritten ability that precluded them from attacking. Those cards have received errata in the Oracle card reference to have defender. Some older cards that referenced the Wall creature type have also received errata. See Defender.
 Win the Game
-There are several ways to win the game. See rule 104, â€œEnding the Game,â€ and rules 810.8 (for additional rules for Two-Headed Giant games) and rule 809.5 (for additional rules for Emperor games).
+There are several ways to win the game. See rule 104, “Ending the Game,” and rules 810.8 (for additional rules for Two-Headed Giant games) and rule 809.5 (for additional rules for Emperor games).
 Wither
-A keyword ability that affects how an object deals damage to a creature. See rule 702.79, â€œWither.â€
+A keyword ability that affects how an object deals damage to a creature. See rule 702.79, “Wither.”
 Wizardcycling
 See Typecycling.
 World
-A supertype thatâ€™s normally relevant on enchantments. See rule 205.4, â€œSupertypes.â€ See also World Rule.
+A supertype that’s normally relevant on enchantments. See rule 205.4, “Supertypes.” See also World Rule.
 World Rule
-A state-based action that causes all permanents with the world supertype except the one that has had the world supertype for the shortest amount of time are put into their ownersâ€™ graveyards. See rule 704.5k.
+A state-based action that causes all permanents with the world supertype except the one that has had the world supertype for the shortest amount of time are put into their owners’ graveyards. See rule 704.5k.
 X
 A placeholder for a number that needs to be determined. See rule 107.3.
 Y
 See X.
 You, Your
-Words that refer to an objectâ€™s controller, its would-be controller (if a player is attempting to cast or activate it), or its owner (if it has no controller). See rule 109.5.
+Words that refer to an object’s controller, its would-be controller (if a player is attempting to cast or activate it), or its owner (if it has no controller). See rule 109.5.
 Zone
-A place where objects can be during a game. See section 4, â€œZones.â€
+A place where objects can be during a game. See section 4, “Zones.”
 Zone-Change Triggers
 Trigger events that involve objects changing zones. See rule 603.6.
 Credits
 Magic: The Gathering Original Game Design: Richard Garfield
-Comprehensive Rules Design and Development: Paul Barclay, Mark L. Gottlieb, Beth Moursund, Bill Rose, and Matt Tabak, with contributions from Charley Catino, John Carter, Elaine Chase, Laurie Cheers, Stephen Dâ€™Angelo, Dave DeLaney, Brady Dommermuth, Mike Donais, Skaff Elias, Mike Elliott, Richard Garfield, Dan Gray, Robert Gutschera, Collin Jackson, William Jockusch, Jeff Jordan, Yonemura Kaoru, Russell Linnemann, Jim Lin, Steve Lord, Sheldon Menery, Michael Phoenix, Mark Rosewater, David Sachs, Lee Sharpe, Eli Shiffrin, Henry Stern, Donald X. Vaccarino, Thijs van Ommen, Ingo Warnke, Tom Wylie, and Bryan Zembruski
+Comprehensive Rules Design and Development: Paul Barclay, Mark L. Gottlieb, Beth Moursund, Bill Rose, and Matt Tabak, with contributions from Charlie C. Atino, John Carter, Elaine Chase, Laurie Cheers, Stephen D’Angelo, Dave DeLaney, Brady Dommermuth, Mike Donais, Skaff Elias, Mike Elliott, Richard Garfield, Dan Gray, Robert Gutschera, Collin Jackson, William Jockusch, Jeff Jordan, Yonemura Kaoru, Russell Linnemann, Jim Lin, Steve Lord, Sheldon Menery, Michael Phoenix, Mark Rosewater, David Sachs, Lee Sharpe, Eli Shiffrin, Henry Stern, Donald X. Vaccarino, Thijs van Ommen, Ingo Warnke, Tom Wylie, and Bryan Zembruski
-Editing: Del Laugel (lead), Glenn Jones, Nat Moes, and Matt Tabak
+Editing: Del Laugel (lead), Glenn Jones, Gregg Luben, Nat Moes, and Matt Tabak
 Magic Rules Management: Eli Shiffrin
-The Magic: The Gathering game was designed by Richard Garfield, with contributions from Charley Catino, Skaff Elias, Don Felice, Tom Fontaine, Jim Lin, Joel Mick, Chris Page, Dave Pettey, Barry â€œBitâ€ Reich, Bill Rose, and Elliott Segal. The mana symbols were designed by Christopher Rush.
+The Magic: The Gathering game was designed by Richard Garfield, with contributions from Charlie C. Atino, Skaff Elias, Don Felice, Tom Fontaine, Jim Lin, Joel Mick, Chris Page, Dave Pettey, Barry “Bit” Reich, Bill Rose, and Elliott Segal. The mana symbols were designed by Christopher Rush.
 Thanks to all our project team members and the many others too numerous to mention who have contributed to this product.
-These rules are effective as of September 29, 2017.
+These rules are effective as of October 5, 2018.
-Published by Wizards of the Coast LLC, PO Box 707, Renton, WA 98057-0707, USA. Wizards of the Coast, Magic: The Gathering, Magic, Oracle, Arabian Nights, Antiquities, Homelands, Exodus, Odyssey, Mirrodin, Kamigawa, Ravnica: City of Guilds, Time Spiral, Future Sight, Lorwyn, Shadowmoor, Zendikar, Scars of Mirrodin, Innistrad, Return to Ravnica, Khans of Tarkir, Magic Origins, Shadows over Innistrad, Eldritch Moon, Magic: The Gatheringâ€”Conspiracy, and Ixalan are trademarks of Wizards of the Coast LLC in the USA and other countries. Â©2017 Wizards. U.S. Pat. No. RE 37,957.
+Published by Wizards of the Coast LLC, PO Box 707, Renton, WA 98057-0707, USA. Wizards of the Coast, Magic: The Gathering, Magic, Oracle, Arabian Nights, Antiquities, Homelands, Exodus, Odyssey, Mirrodin, Kamigawa, Ravnica: City of Guilds, Time Spiral, Future Sight, Lorwyn, Shadowmoor, Zendikar, Scars of Mirrodin, Innistrad, Return to Ravnica, Khans of Tarkir, Magic Origins, Shadows over Innistrad, Eldritch Moon, Magic: The Gathering—Conspiracy, Conspiracy: Take the Crown, Ixalan, Unglued, Unstable, Dominaria, and Planeswalker Decks are trademarks of Wizards of the Coast LLC in the USA and other countries. Unhinged is a trademark of Horn Abbot Ltd. and is used with permission. ©2018 Wizards. U.S. Pat. No. RE 37,957.

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