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1 @c The GNU Free Documentation License.
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2 @center Version 1.2, November 2002
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3
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4 @c This file is intended to be included within another document,
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5 @c hence no sectioning command or @node.
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6
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7 @display
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8 Copyright @copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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9 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
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10
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11 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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12 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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13 @end display
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14
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15 @enumerate 0
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16 @item
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17 PREAMBLE
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18
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19 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
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20 functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to
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21 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
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22 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
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23 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
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24 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
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25 for modifications made by others.
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26
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27 This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
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28 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
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29 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
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30 license designed for free software.
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31
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32 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
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33 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
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34 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
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35 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
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36 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
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37 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
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38 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
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39
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40 @item
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41 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
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42
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43 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
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44 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
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45 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
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46 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
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47 work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below,
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48 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
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49 licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you
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50 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
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51 under copyright law.
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52
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53 A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
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54 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
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55 modifications and/or translated into another language.
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56
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57 A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section
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58 of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
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59 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
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60 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
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61 directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
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62 part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
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63 any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
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64 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
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65 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
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66 them.
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67
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68 The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
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69 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
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70 that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
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71 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
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72 allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
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73 Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
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74 Sections then there are none.
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75
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76 The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
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77 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
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78 the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
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79 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
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80
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81 A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
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82 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
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83 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
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84 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
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85 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
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86 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
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87 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
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88 to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
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89 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
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90 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
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91 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
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92 of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
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93
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94 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
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95 @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input
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96 format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available
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97 @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML},
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98 PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification. Examples
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99 of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and
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100 @acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
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101 read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or
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102 @acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are
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103 not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML},
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104 PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for
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105 output purposes only.
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106
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107 The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
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108 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
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109 this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
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110 formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
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111 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
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112 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
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113
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114 A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
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115 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
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116 text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
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117 specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
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118 ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title''
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119 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
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120 section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
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121
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122 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
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123 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
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124 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
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125 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
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126 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
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127 no effect on the meaning of this License.
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128
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129 @item
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130 VERBATIM COPYING
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131
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132 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
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133 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
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134 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
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135 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
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136 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
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137 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
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138 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
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139 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
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140 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
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141
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142 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
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143 you may publicly display copies.
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144
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145 @item
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146 COPYING IN QUANTITY
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147
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148 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
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149 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
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150 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
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151 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
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152 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
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153 the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
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154 you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
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155 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
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156 visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
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157 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
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158 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
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159 as verbatim copying in other respects.
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160
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161 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
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162 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
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163 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
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164 pages.
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165
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166 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
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167 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
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168 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
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169 a computer-network location from which the general network-using
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170 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
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171 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
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172 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
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173 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
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174 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
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175 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
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176 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
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177 edition to the public.
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178
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179 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
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180 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
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181 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
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182
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183 @item
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184 MODIFICATIONS
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185
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186 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
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187 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
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188 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
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189 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
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190 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
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191 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
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192
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193 @enumerate A
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194 @item
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195 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
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196 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
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197 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
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198 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
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199 if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
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200
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201 @item
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202 List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
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203 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
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204 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
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205 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
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206 unless they release you from this requirement.
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207
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208 @item
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209 State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
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210 Modified Version, as the publisher.
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211
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212 @item
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213 Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
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214
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215 @item
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216 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
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217 adjacent to the other copyright notices.
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218
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219 @item
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220 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
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221 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
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222 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
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223
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224 @item
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225 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
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226 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
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227
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228 @item
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229 Include an unaltered copy of this License.
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230
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231 @item
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232 Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
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233 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
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234 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
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235 there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
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236 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
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237 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
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238 Version as stated in the previous sentence.
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239
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240 @item
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241 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
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242 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
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243 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
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244 it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
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245 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
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246 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
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247 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
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248
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249 @item
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250 For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
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251 the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
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252 substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
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253 dedications given therein.
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254
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255 @item
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256 Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
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257 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
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258 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
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259
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260 @item
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261 Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
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262 may not be included in the Modified Version.
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263
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264 @item
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265 Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
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266 to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
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267
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268 @item
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269 Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
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270 @end enumerate
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271
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272 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
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273 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
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274 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
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275 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
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276 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
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277 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
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278
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279 You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
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280 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
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281 parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
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282 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
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283 standard.
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284
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285 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
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286 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
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287 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
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288 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
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289 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
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290 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
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291 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
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292 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
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293 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
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294
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295 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
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296 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
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297 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
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298
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299 @item
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300 COMBINING DOCUMENTS
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301
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302 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
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303 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
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304 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
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305 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
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306 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
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307 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
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308
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309 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
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310 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
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311 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
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312 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
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313 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
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314 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
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315 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
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316 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
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317
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318 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
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319 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
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320 ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
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321 and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all
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322 sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
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323
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324 @item
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325 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
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326
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327 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
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328 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
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329 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
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330 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
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331 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
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332
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333 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
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334 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
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335 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
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336 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
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337
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338 @item
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339 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
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340
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341 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
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342 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
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343 distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
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344 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
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345 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
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346 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
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347 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
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348 derivative works of the Document.
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349
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350 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
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351 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
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352 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
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353 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
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354 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
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355 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
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356 aggregate.
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357
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358 @item
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359 TRANSLATION
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360
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361 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
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362 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
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363 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
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364 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
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365 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
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366 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
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367 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
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368 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
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369 the original English version of this License and the original versions
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370 of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
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371 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
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372 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
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373
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374 If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
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375 ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
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376 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
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377 title.
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378
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379 @item
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380 TERMINATION
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381
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382 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
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383 as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
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384 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
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385 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
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386 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
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387 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
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388 parties remain in full compliance.
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389
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390 @item
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391 FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
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392
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393 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
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394 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
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395 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
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396 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
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397 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
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398
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399 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
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400 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
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401 License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
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402 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
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403 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
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404 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
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405 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
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406 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
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407 @end enumerate
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408
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409 @page
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410 @heading ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
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411
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412 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
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413 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
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414 license notices just after the title page:
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415
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416 @smallexample
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417 @group
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418 Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}.
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419 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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420 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
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421 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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422 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
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423 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
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424 Free Documentation License''.
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425 @end group
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426 @end smallexample
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427
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428 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
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429 replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.'' line with this:
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430
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431 @smallexample
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432 @group
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433 with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
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434 the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
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435 being @var{list}.
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436 @end group
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437 @end smallexample
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438
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439 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
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440 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
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441 situation.
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442
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443 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
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444 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
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445 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
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446 to permit their use in free software.
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447
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448 @c Local Variables:
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449 @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
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450 @c End:
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451
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